Hole bottom rock breaking device applied to extraterrestrial celestial body deep drilling

Abstract

The invention provides a hole bottom rock breaking device applied to extraterrestrial celestial body deep drilling. The hole bottom rock breaking device comprises an ultrasonic generator, a cable, an electric slip ring, an ultrasonic transducer, a free mass block, a spiral drill rod and a drill bit. The ultrasonic generator generates ultrasonic energy and provides the ultrasonic energy to the ultrasonic transducer; the ultrasonic transducer is used for converting an input ultrahigh-frequency electric signal into ultrahigh-frequency mechanical vibration; the free mass block excites the ultrahigh-frequency ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer to drive downwards to generate high-frequency collision with the spiral drill rod, so that the spiral drill rod and the drill bit move downwards to impact the rock, and the free mass block performs reciprocating high-frequency collision between the ultrasonic transducer and the spiral drill rod through reverse movement of impact counterforce; the spiral drill rod is connected with the bottom of the ultrasonic transducer, and energy generated by ultrahigh-frequency vibration of the ultrasonic transducer and high-frequency impact of the free mass block is transmitted downwards to the drill bit. And the drill bit acts the high-frequency-ultrahigh-frequency impact energy on the rock, and the rock is broken through continuous impact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of rock-breaking devices, and specifically relates to a bottom-hole rock-breaking device for deep drilling into extraterrestrial bodies. Background Technology

[0002] Conducting extraterrestrial exploration is an essential path for humanity to explore the mysteries of the universe and the origin of life, seek long-term development, expand human living space, develop space science, and develop and utilize space resources. In missions to the Moon, Mars, asteroids, and even other future celestial bodies, the collection of deep-seated rock and soil samples is crucial for studying the celestial environment, resources, geological structure, and material composition. Obtaining and analyzing samples using sampling and collection mechanisms is a vital task and key technology in deep space exploration. With the development of extraterrestrial sampling technology, deep drilling and sampling will become an important direction for future development in the field of deep space exploration.

[0003] The "step-by-step" drilling and coring method, employing bottom-hole power drills and casing drilling, can extract samples from depths exceeding 10 meters. However, as drilling depth increases, encountering large rocks or extraterrestrial bedrock is inevitable. Therefore, research into extraterrestrial rock-breaking techniques is necessary. Current extraterrestrial sampling techniques mainly include adsorption capture sampling, projectile sputtering sampling, auger drilling sampling, cutting sampling, wheel brush sampling, impact coring sampling, pneumatic sampling, digging sampling, and impact and vibration drilling sampling. These techniques are primarily suitable for collecting surface or subsurface rocks, gravel, or soil particles from extraterrestrial bodies, but are not applicable to the breaking and drilling of deep rocks within these bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the inventors have conducted intensive research and provided a bottom rock breaking device for deep drilling of extraterrestrial bodies. The device adopts piezoelectric drive and is designed to integrate high frequency and ultra-high frequency rock breaking. Through miniaturization and integration design, it is lowered to the bottom of the drilling hole to achieve the breaking of rocks from extraterrestrial bodies.

[0005] The technical solution provided by this invention is as follows: In the first aspect, a bottom rock-breaking device for deep drilling of extraterrestrial bodies includes an ultrasonic generator, a cable, an electric slip ring, an ultrasonic transducer, a free mass block, a spiral drill rod, and a drill bit. An ultrasonic generator is used to generate ultrasonic energy and supply it to an ultrasonic transducer, enabling the ultrasonic transducer to operate at its resonant frequency. One end of the cable is connected to the ultrasonic generator, and the other end is connected to the slip ring, so that the energy generated by the ultrasonic generator can be transferred to the ultrasonic transducer. The lower part of the electric slip ring is fixed with the ultrasonic transducer, the upper end is connected with the cable, and the other end is connected with the wire of the ultrasonic transducer, so that the electric signal of the ultrasonic generator can be transmitted to the ultrasonic transducer, and the cable is not twisted during the rotation process. The ultrasonic transducer converts the input ultrahigh frequency electric signal into ultrahigh frequency mechanical vibration. The free mass block moves up and down between the ultrasonic transducer and the spiral drill rod, and the ultrahigh frequency ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer is transmitted downward, and high frequency collision is generated with the spiral drill rod, so that the spiral drill rod and the drill bit move downward and impact the rock, and then the impact reaction force is reversed, so that the free mass block reciprocates high frequency collision between the ultrasonic transducer and the spiral drill rod. The spiral drill rod is connected with the bottom of the ultrasonic transducer, and the ultrahigh frequency vibration of the ultrasonic transducer and the high frequency impact energy generated by the free mass block are transmitted downward to the drill bit, and the generated drill cuttings are transported upward. The drill bit is used for interaction with the rock, and the high frequency-ultrahigh frequency impact energy is applied to the rock, and the rock is broken through continuous impact.

[0006] In the second aspect, a hole bottom rock breaking method for extraterrestrial deep drilling is implemented by using the hole bottom rock breaking device for extraterrestrial deep drilling in the first aspect, and comprises the following steps: After the ultrasonic generator is connected to the power supply, an electric signal is generated, which is transmitted to the piezoelectric stack through the cable and the electric slip ring, the piezoelectric stack converts the electric signal into a mechanical vibration signal and transmits it to the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude bar, so that the bottom of the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude bar generates ultrahigh frequency vibration and rotation, the ultrahigh frequency vibration makes the free mass block vibrate up and down, thereby impacting the spiral drill rod, and generating collision impact energy, and the collision impact is high frequency impact; The spiral drill rod and the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude bar are fixed, the ultrahigh frequency vibration of the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude bar is transmitted to the spiral drill rod, so that the spiral drill rod is subjected to high frequency impact of the free mass block and ultrahigh frequency vibration of the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude bar; at the same time, the rotation of the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude bar makes the whole device rotate except the cable, and then the spiral drill rod transmits the two parts of impact vibration energy and rotation to the drill bit, so that the drill bit generates high frequency-ultrahigh frequency impact vibration and rotation on the rock, and the rock is broken.

[0007] The hole bottom rock breaking device for extraterrestrial deep drilling provided by the application has the following beneficial effects: (1) The hole bottom rock breaking device applied to deep drilling of extraterrestrial bodies provided by the application is characterized in that: the piezoelectric stack of the ultrasonic transducer converts the electric signal of the ultrasonic generator into a mechanical vibration signal and transmits the signal to the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude-varying rod, so that the bottom of the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude-varying rod generates ultrahigh frequency vibration and rotation, the ultrahigh frequency vibration makes the free mass block vibrate up and down, thereby impacting the spiral drill rod to generate collision impact energy, and the collision impact frequency is high frequency impact; the ultrahigh frequency vibration of the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude-varying rod is transmitted to the spiral drill rod, the spiral drill rod is subjected to the high frequency impact of the free mass block and the ultrahigh frequency vibration of the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude-varying rod, and the spiral drill rod transmits the two parts of impact vibration energy and rotary motion to the drill bit, so that the drill bit generates high frequency-ultrahigh frequency impact vibration and rotary motion on the rock, the high frequency impact energy is large, a large energy shock wave is generated, which is beneficial to rock crack propagation and breaking, the ultrahigh frequency impact can realize low drilling pressure drilling rock, and stress concentration points are generated at the same time, the coupling of the two frequencies is beneficial to rock crack generation and propagation.

[0008] (2) The hole bottom rock breaking device applied to deep drilling of extraterrestrial bodies provided by the application is characterized in that: the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude-varying rod is adopted, so that rotary motion and axial reciprocating motion can be realized, the axial reciprocating motion can realize rock impact, and the rotary motion can realize hole bottom transportation of drill cuttings, which is beneficial to the concentration of impact energy on the new surface of the rock and the reduction of the loss of impact energy by drill cuttings.

[0009] (3) The hole bottom rock breaking device applied to deep drilling of extraterrestrial bodies provided by the application is characterized in that: the length of the control cable can be controlled, so that rock breaking at different depths can be realized, and multiple operations can be realized.

[0010] (4) The hole bottom rock breaking device applied to deep drilling of extraterrestrial bodies provided by the application is characterized in that: the diameter can be controlled within 30 mm, the length can be controlled within 20 cm, the device can be lowered to the bottom of the drill hole through a casing to break rocks. The device has small volume, low power, low drilling pressure, can break 8-grade hardness rocks, is suitable for the field of extraterrestrial body detection technology, and can be applied to the surface or deep rock drilling of the moon, Mars and small celestial bodies and other extraterrestrial bodies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 The hole bottom rock breaking device applied to deep drilling of extraterrestrial bodies is a configuration diagram. Figure 2 The hole bottom rock breaking device applied to deep drilling of extraterrestrial bodies is a working process diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The characteristics and advantages of the application will become more clear and explicit with the following detailed description of the application.

[0013] The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any implementation described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations.

[0014] As shown in the drawings, the present application provides a hole bottom rock breaking device applied to extraterrestrial body deep drilling, which comprises an ultrasonic generator 1, a cable 2, an electric slip ring 3, an ultrasonic transducer 8, a free mass 9, a spiral drill rod 10 and a drill bit 11. Figure 1

[0015] The ultrasonic generator 1 is used for generating ultrasonic energy and providing the ultrasonic transducer 8, so that the ultrasonic transducer 8 works at a resonant frequency. The device connects the signal generator, the power amplifier, the output transformer and the ultrasonic transducer 8 into an integral whole, and constitutes a closed loop circuit, so that the entire ultrasonic generator 1 generates sufficient power through amplitude and phase feedback, and makes the ultrasonic transducer 8 automatically maintain resonance at the mechanical resonance frequency.

[0016] The cable 2 is connected with the ultrasonic generator 1 at one end and connected with the electric slip ring 3 at the other end, and transmits the energy generated by the ultrasonic generator 1 to the ultrasonic transducer 8.

[0017] The lower part of the electric slip ring 3 is fixedly connected with the rear cover plate 4, the upper end terminal is connected with the cable 2, and the other terminal is connected with the wiring of the piezoelectric stack 6 of the ultrasonic transducer 8, so as to ensure that the electric signal of the ultrasonic generator 1 can be transmitted to the piezoelectric stack 6, and at the same time, ensure that the cable does not twist in the rotating working process of the device.

[0018] ​The ultrasonic transducer 8 is a driving component of the system, mainly composed of the back cover plate 4, the piezoelectric stack 6 and the longitudinal-torsional coupling horn 7. Under the excitation of the ultrahigh frequency sinusoidal voltage generated by the ultrasonic generator 1, the ultrasonic transducer 8 generates ultrahigh frequency micro-amplitude vibration above 5 kHz. The back cover plate 4 is threadedly connected with the longitudinal-torsional coupling horn 7 through the piezoelectric stack 6 with a certain pre-stress. The pre-stress provides a compressive stress for the piezoelectric stack 6, enhances the stability of the piezoelectric stack 6 during operation, and keeps the piezoelectric stack 6 in a compressed state at all times to avoid its rupture during energized operation. The piezoelectric stack 6 is usually composed of a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets 5 stacked together. The inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric stack 6 can realize the mutual conversion between electrical energy and mechanical energy, and convert the input ultrahigh frequency electrical signal into an ultrahigh frequency mechanical vibration signal. The longitudinal-torsional coupling horn 7 has two main functions. On the one hand, it amplifies the amplitude and speed of the mechanical vibration generated by the piezoelectric stack 6, and concentrates the generated energy on a smaller vibration surface, thereby playing the roles of amplification and energy concentration. On the other hand, it serves as a mechanical impedance converter, enabling the ultrasonic energy to be more efficiently transmitted to the load. The longitudinal-torsional coupling horn 7 is provided with a slotted structure, which can convert a small part of the longitudinal vibration energy generated by the axially polarized piezoelectric stack 6 into torsional vibration energy, and the remaining part into longitudinal vibration energy. When the longitudinal-torsional modal frequency approaches the excitation frequency of the piezoelectric stack 6, the longitudinal-torsional coupling horn 7 can generate longitudinal-torsional composite vibration.

[0019] The free mass 9 plays a bridge and link role in the power and energy transmission chain of the device. By moving up and down between the ultrasonic transducer 8 and the auger 10, the ultrahigh frequency ultrasonic vibration excitation generated at the end of the longitudinal-torsional coupling horn 7 is transmitted downward, collides with the auger 10 at high frequency, and makes the auger 10 and the drill bit 11 move downward to impact the rock. Then, the impact force is transmitted back to the free mass 9, which repeatedly collides with the auger 10 at high frequency.

[0020] The auger 10 is threadedly connected with the bottom of the longitudinal-torsional coupling horn 7. In this way, the ultrahigh frequency vibration of the ultrasonic transducer 8 and the high frequency impact energy generated by the free mass 9 can be transmitted downward to the drill bit 11, realizing high frequency (1000-5000 Hz)-ultrahigh frequency (above 5 kHz) coupled vibration. At the same time, the auger 10 can transport the drill cuttings upward, which is beneficial to the impact and breaking of the rock. The auger 10 can be designed as a hollow structure, which can realize rock drilling and coring in cooperation with the coring drill bit.

[0021] The drill bit 11 is used to interact with the rock, and the high frequency-ultrahigh frequency impact energy generated above is applied to the rock, which can break the rock through continuous impact. The bottom of the drill bit 11 is provided with grinding impact teeth, which is beneficial to the efficient breaking of the rock. The drill bit can be replaced according to different rock characteristics.

[0022] The aforementioned bottom-hole rock-breaking device for deep drilling of extraterrestrial bodies operates as follows: After the ultrasonic generator 1 is powered on, it generates an electrical signal, which is transmitted to the piezoelectric stack 6 via cable 2 and slip ring 3. The piezoelectric stack 6 converts the electrical signal into a mechanical vibration signal, which is then transmitted to the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude transformer 7. This causes ultra-high frequency vibration and rotation at the bottom of the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude transformer 7. The ultra-high frequency vibration causes the free mass block 9 to vibrate up and down, thereby impacting the auger drill rod 10 and generating collision impact energy. The collision impact frequency is around several kilohertz. Simultaneously, the auger drill rod... The auger rod 10 is fixedly connected to the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude rod 7, so the ultra-high frequency vibration of the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude rod 7 will be transmitted to the auger rod 10. Therefore, the auger rod 10 is subjected to high frequency impact from the free mass block 9 and ultra-high frequency vibration from the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude rod 7. At the same time, due to the rotation of the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude rod 7, the entire device (excluding the cable) rotates. Then, the auger rod 10 transmits the two parts of impact vibration energy and rotational motion to the drill bit 11, which ultimately causes the drill bit 11 to generate high-frequency and ultra-high frequency impact vibration and rotational action on the rock, causing the rock to break.

[0023] The specific process of rock breaking at the bottom of deep drilling holes is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, deep drilling employs a "stepping" method combining bottom-hole power drills and casing drilling with accompanying wall protection. This allows for sampling at depths exceeding 10 meters. However, as drilling depth increases, encountering large rocks or extraterrestrial bedrock is inevitable. When encountering large rocks or bedrock at a certain depth, and the bottom-hole power drill cannot effectively penetrate, a bottom-hole rock-breaking device is lowered to drill and break up the rock. Once the rock is broken, the bottom-hole rock-breaking device is removed, and drilling continues using the bottom-hole power drill to penetrate the celestial soil, enabling deep drilling into extraterrestrial bodies.

[0024] After the invention was successfully developed, crushing tests were conducted on rocks of different hardness, including sandstone, marble, and basalt. Under conditions of power less than 100W and drilling pressure less than 60N, the device can achieve a drilling efficiency of 40mm / min for sandstone, 15mm / min for marble, and 6mm / min for basalt.

[0025] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments and exemplary examples; however, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that various equivalent substitutions, modifications, or improvements can be made to the technical solutions and embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

[0026] The contents not described in detail in this specification are common knowledge to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A bottom-hole rock-breaking device for deep drilling into extraterrestrial bodies, characterized in that, Includes an ultrasonic generator (1), a cable (2), an electric slip ring (3), an ultrasonic transducer (8), a free mass block (9), a spiral drill rod (10), and a drill bit (11). The ultrasonic generator (1) is used to generate ultrasonic energy and provide it to the ultrasonic transducer (8), so that the ultrasonic transducer (8) operates at the resonant frequency. One end of the cable (2) is connected to the ultrasonic generator (1), and the other end is connected to the electric slip ring (3) to transfer the energy generated by the ultrasonic generator (1) to the ultrasonic transducer (8). The lower part of the slip ring (3) is fixed to the ultrasonic transducer (8), the upper end of the terminal is connected to the cable (2), and the other end of the terminal is connected to the wiring of the ultrasonic transducer (8), so that the electrical signal of the ultrasonic generator (1) can be transmitted to the ultrasonic transducer (8) and the cable does not twist during the rotation process. The ultrasonic transducer (8) converts the input ultra-high frequency electrical signal into ultra-high frequency mechanical vibration; The free mass block (9) moves up and down between the ultrasonic transducer (8) and the auger drill rod (10), which excites the ultra-high frequency ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer (8) to drive downward, and causes high frequency collision with the auger drill rod (10), causing the auger drill rod (10) and the drill bit (11) to move downward and hit the rock. Then, through the impact reaction force, it moves in the opposite direction, causing the free mass block (9) to reciprocate high frequency collision between the ultrasonic transducer (8) and the auger drill rod (10). The auger rod (10) is connected to the bottom of the ultrasonic transducer (8), which transmits the energy generated by the ultra-high frequency vibration of the ultrasonic transducer (8) and the high frequency impact of the free mass block (9) downward to the drill bit (11) and transports the generated drill cuttings upward. The drill bit (11) applies high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency impact energy to the rock, breaking the rock through continuous impact.

2. The bottom rock-breaking device for deep drilling of extraterrestrial bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic transducer (8) includes a rear cover plate (4), a piezoelectric stack (6), and a longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude transformer (7). The upper end of the rear cover plate (4) is fixedly connected to the electric slip ring (3). The rear cover plate (4) passes through the piezoelectric stack (6) and is connected to the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude transformer (7) with a prestressed thread. The prestress provides compressive stress to the piezoelectric stack (6), so that the piezoelectric stack (6) is always in a compressed state. The piezoelectric stack (6) is usually composed of multiple piezoelectric ceramic sheets (5) stacked together, which converts the input ultra-high frequency electrical signal into an ultra-high frequency mechanical vibration signal. The longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude transformer (7) amplifies the amplitude and velocity of the mechanical vibration generated by the piezoelectric stack (6) and transmits the ultrasonic energy to the auger drill rod (10).

3. The bottom rock-breaking device for deep drilling into extraterrestrial bodies according to claim 2, characterized in that, The longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude transformer (7) has a slanted groove structure, which converts part of the longitudinal vibration energy generated by the axially polarized piezoelectric stack (6) into torsional vibration energy, and the remainder is longitudinal vibration energy. When the longitudinal-torsional mode frequency is close to the excitation frequency on the piezoelectric stack (6), the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude transformer (7) generates longitudinal-torsional composite vibration.

4. The bottom rock-breaking device for deep drilling into extraterrestrial bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral drill rod (10) is designed with a hollow structure and is used in conjunction with a core drill bit to perform rock drilling and core sampling.

5. The bottom rock-breaking device for deep drilling into extraterrestrial bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the drill bit (11) is provided with abrasive impact teeth.

6. A method for bottom rock breaking in deep drilling into extraterrestrial bodies, characterized in that, The method of implementing the bottom-hole rock-breaking device for deep drilling of extraterrestrial bodies as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 includes the following steps: After the ultrasonic generator (1) is powered on, it generates an electrical signal, which is transmitted to the piezoelectric stack (6) through the cable (2) and the electric slip ring (3). The piezoelectric stack (6) converts the electrical signal into a mechanical vibration signal and transmits it to the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude transformer (7), causing the bottom of the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude transformer (7) to generate ultra-high frequency vibration and rotation. The ultra-high frequency vibration will cause the free mass block (9) to vibrate up and down, thereby impacting the spiral drill rod (10) and generating collision impact energy. The collision impact is a high frequency impact. The auger rod (10) and the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude rod (7) are fixedly connected. The ultra-high frequency vibration of the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude rod (7) is transmitted to the auger rod (10), causing the auger rod (10) to be subjected to high frequency impact from the free mass block (9) and ultra-high frequency vibration from the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude rod (7). At the same time, the rotation of the longitudinal-torsional coupling amplitude rod (7) causes the entire device except the cable to rotate. Then the auger rod (10) transmits the two parts of impact vibration energy and rotational motion to the drill bit (11), which ultimately causes the drill bit (11) to generate high frequency-ultra-high frequency impact vibration and rotational action on the rock, causing the rock to break.

7. The method for bottom rock breaking in deep drilling of extraterrestrial bodies according to claim 6, characterized in that, Rock breaking at different depths is achieved by changing the length of cable (2).

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