Sputum suction system for tuberculosis nursing

Abstract

The invention discloses a sputum suction system for tuberculosis nursing in the technical field of medical nursing. The sputum suction system comprises a sputum suction execution module, a negative pressure module, a sputum collection module, a disinfection module and a monitoring module. Wherein the sputum suction execution module is used for directly detecting the viscosity of sputum at the suction end after extending into the airway of a patient and transmitting a detection signal to the monitoring module in real time to judge whether the sputum suction execution module has the risk of blockage or not, and then the monitoring module outputs an adjusting instruction to the negative pressure module for negative pressure adjustment. The sputum viscosity is monitored in advance after the sputum suction execution module extends into the airway, the sputum character change at the inlet end of the sputum suction tube can be captured in real time, instant data support is provided for the monitoring module, the blocking risk is judged, the negative pressure module can dynamically adapt to the suction force according to the viscosity, the situation that a sputum plug stays at the inlet of the sputum suction tube in a reciprocating mode is effectively reduced, and the sputum suction efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the possibility of repeated sputum suction operation due to sputum plug residues is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical and nursing technology, specifically to a suctioning system for tuberculosis care. Background Technology

[0002] Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs (i.e., pulmonary tuberculosis), accounting for more than 80% of all tuberculosis cases. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be transmitted through droplets. After infection, it easily damages the lung tissue structure, leading to symptoms such as cough, sputum production, hemoptysis, and dyspnea. During the disease progression or treatment, some patients (such as elderly patients, critically ill patients, patients with impaired consciousness, or patients on mechanical ventilation) may experience weakened or absent cough reflexes due to physical weakness. In addition, the sputum secreted by tuberculous lesions contains a large amount of mucoprotein, significantly increasing the viscosity of the sputum (often reaching 15-25 cP), and may even form hard sputum plugs that are difficult to expel spontaneously.

[0003] To prevent sputum retention in the airways, which can lead to suffocation, secondary lung infections (such as bacterial pneumonia), or worsening of lung function, airway secretions in tuberculosis patients require the use of suction systems in clinical nursing. Existing suction systems for tuberculosis care are typically represented by the Sman Peak YX932D electric suction device. This type of device consists of a suction execution unit (such as a suction tube), a negative pressure supply unit (vacuum pump assembly), a sputum collection unit (2500mL sealed storage bottle), and basic disinfection components. Its core working principle is to use adjustable negative pressure suction (adjustable range 0.02-0.09MPa) to draw sputum from the airway into the collection unit through the suction tube. A high-flow-rate vacuum pump (≥32L / min) is achieved, while an air filter reduces the risk of aerosol diffusion.

[0004] However, existing devices still have technical shortcomings in the treatment of highly viscous sputum and sputum plugs: On the one hand, existing systems rely heavily on "post-hoc observation" or "non-entry-end monitoring" to detect sputum viscosity. For example, medical staff need to visually judge the properties of the sputum after it enters the collection bottle, or indirectly detect it through sensors installed in the collection device. This detection lag makes it difficult for medical staff to detect when the viscosity at the suction tube inlet suddenly increases (such as the formation of small sputum plugs in a local area), and they cannot quickly adjust the negative pressure parameters to adapt to the viscosity change. On the other hand, when there is highly viscous sputum or small sputum plugs at the inlet of the suction catheter, the negative pressure adjustment of such devices relies on manual prediction, often resulting in a mismatch between the parameters and the actual viscosity (e.g., insufficient negative pressure makes it difficult to overcome the viscous resistance of the sputum). Some sputum plugs will move back and forth at the inlet of the suction catheter—unable to smoothly enter the suction catheter and be transported to the collection unit. However, clinical guidelines require that the time for a single suctioning operation be controlled within 15 seconds (to avoid prolonged negative pressure leading to patient hypoxia). When the single suctioning time ends, these reciprocating sputum plugs remain at the inlet of the suction catheter or in the trachea and cannot be effectively suctioned out. To remove such sputum plugs, medical staff need to pause the operation and wait for the patient's oxygenation to recover before attempting suctioning multiple times. This not only increases the risk of airway mucosal damage (the airway mucosa of tuberculosis patients is already fragile due to inflammation and congestion, and repeated intubation stimulation can easily induce hemoptysis), but also prolongs the exposure time of tuberculosis aerosols due to repeated operations, increasing the probability of occupational exposure and environmental cross-infection for medical staff.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention proposes a suctioning system for tuberculosis care to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a suction system for tuberculosis care, which reduces the lag in sputum viscosity detection caused by 'post-operative observation' or 'non-entry-end monitoring' in existing technologies. It accurately determines whether there is a risk of sputum plug blockage in the suction tube and dynamically adapts the suction force according to the sputum viscosity, effectively reducing the situation where sputum plugs repeatedly remain at the suction tube inlet, while also reducing the number of suctioning operations due to sputum plug residue.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A suctioning system for tuberculosis care, comprising: The suctioning module is used to extract sputum from the lungs of tuberculosis patients by penetrating deep into the airway. The negative pressure module is used to provide stable negative pressure suction for the suction execution module; The sputum collection module is used to collect the sputum aspirated by the suctioning module and seal it for isolation. The disinfection module is used to disinfect indoor air, remove bacterial aerosols from the air, and disinfect the suction execution module, negative pressure module, and sputum collection module. The monitoring module is used to monitor relevant parameters during the suctioning process in real time, and displays the negative pressure value, suctioning duration and tubing patency status on the display screen simultaneously. The suction execution module is also used to directly detect the viscosity of sputum at the inhalation end after being inserted into the patient's airway, obtain the corresponding detection signal, and transmit the detection signal to the monitoring module in real time. This helps the monitoring module determine whether there is a risk of blockage in the suction execution module. The monitoring module then outputs adjustment commands to the negative pressure module to adjust the negative pressure suction force in real time.

[0008] Furthermore, the suctioning execution module includes a suction tube unit and an elasticity detection unit; The suction tube unit is used to insert into the airway of tuberculosis patients and perform suctioning under the negative pressure suction provided by the negative pressure module; The elasticity detection unit is used to detect the characteristics of sputum in real time after the suction catheter is inserted into the airway; the elasticity detection unit is located on the inner wall of the suction end of the suction catheter unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the elastic detection unit includes several grooves on the inner wall of the suction end of the suction tube unit. The grooves are arranged in a circumferential array along the suction tube unit. Each groove has a force-bearing rod hinged to it, and a torsion spring is installed at each hinge. The force-bearing rods are all inclined, with the hinged end of each force-bearing rod located above the other end. In the initial state of the torsion spring, the angle between the force-bearing rod and the suction tube unit is an acute angle. Each groove and the hinge of the force-bearing rod is equipped with a sensing sub-unit for sensing changes in the angle of the force-bearing rod. The sensing sub-unit is connected to the monitoring module for signal transmission.

[0010] Furthermore, each sensing subunit includes a resistor sheet disposed on the side wall of the groove, and a contact piece is disposed at the end of the force rod near the hinge, with the resistor sheet slidingly engaging with the contact piece; both the resistor sheet and the contact piece are electrically connected to the monitoring module.

[0011] Furthermore, each of the force-bearing rods is equipped with an arc-shaped blocking plate, and each groove has a symmetrical sliding groove corresponding to the blocking plate, with the blocking plate slidingly engaging with the sliding groove.

[0012] Furthermore, all the load-bearing rods are triangular prism structures, and one of their edges is perpendicular to the radial section of the suction tube unit and points downwards.

[0013] Furthermore, in the elastic detection unit, when the suction end of the suction tube unit is inserted into the airway and negative pressure suction is performed, the sputum comes into contact with the force rod. Based on the difference in the viscosity of the sputum, the force rod rotates around the hinge at different angles toward the inside of the suction tube unit and compresses the torsion spring. When the force rod rotates, the contact piece slides along the resistor sheet on the side wall of the groove, causing the resistance value of the resistor sheet connected to the monitoring module to change linearly.

[0014] Furthermore, in the elastic detection unit, the change in resistance of the connected monitoring module is positively correlated with the viscosity of the sputum.

[0015] Furthermore, in the monitoring module, the raw current signal of the resistance change of the resistive sheet transmitted by the elastic detection unit is first received and preprocessed. The preprocessed result is compared with the preset "current change - sputum viscosity" calibration database to calculate the real-time viscosity. Then, the real-time viscosity is compared with the preset viscosity table and the corresponding adjustment command is output according to the result. Based on the adjustment command, the corresponding adjustment strategy is output. The real-time viscosity is defined as C. The preset viscosity table is as follows: Low viscosity, C < 10cP; Medium viscosity, 10cP≤C<15cP; High viscosity, C≥15cP; Wherein, cP represents the magnitude of the internal friction force that the fluid resists its own flow or deformation, and is used to measure the fluid viscosity.

[0016] Furthermore, in the monitoring module, the adjustment strategy includes: Strategy 1: When the viscosity is low, the negative pressure module maintains the normal negative pressure. Strategy 2: When the viscosity is moderate, the negative pressure module increases the negative pressure by 5-8 kPa on the basis of the normal negative pressure, and monitors it every 3 seconds. If the viscosity decreases, the module will switch back. Strategy 3: When the viscosity is high, the negative pressure module first maintains the normal negative pressure and at the same time outputs a start command to the nebulization and humidification device matched with the suction execution module to trigger the humidification process. Then, the viscosity of the sputum is collected every 2 minutes through the elastic detection unit. If the viscosity drops to 12-15 cP for two consecutive monitoring, the negative pressure module gradually increases the negative pressure by 5-10 kPa on the basic negative pressure.

[0017] The above approach has the following beneficial effects: 1. Compared with existing technologies, this solution achieves real-time monitoring of sputum viscosity and dynamic adaptation of negative pressure, improving the safety and efficiency of suctioning procedures. In existing technologies, sputum viscosity detection often relies on post-operative observation or monitoring at the inlet, which can easily lead to delayed negative pressure adjustment, causing sputum plugs to repeatedly accumulate at the suction tube inlet, requiring multiple suctioning operations. This solution, through an elastic detection unit at the suction end of the suctioning execution module, directly contacts the sputum and transmits detection signals in real time. The monitoring module can instantly determine the viscosity status and adjust the negative pressure. This process eliminates the need for manual prediction, reducing retention through negative pressure adaptation in the early stages of sputum plug formation, avoiding irritation and damage to the fragile airway mucosa of tuberculosis patients caused by repeated intubation, while shortening operation time, reducing the risk of tuberculosis aerosol exposure, and balancing patient safety with the protection of medical staff. 2. In this solution, the elastic detection unit adopts a circumferential array of force-bearing rods. Combined with the synergistic effect of torsion springs and resistive elements, it accurately reflects the viscosity of sputum through the mechanical interaction between the sputum and the force-bearing rods. Furthermore, the triangular prism structure of the force-bearing rods and the arc-shaped blocking plate design reduce the risk of abrasion to the airway mucosa. In addition, the linkage between the monitoring module, negative pressure module, and disinfection module allows the viscosity detection results to not only be used for negative pressure adjustment but also to trigger adaptive operations such as humidification and enhanced disinfection, forming a closed loop of "detection-adjustment-protection." This retains the basic functions of traditional sputum suction systems while addressing the pain points of existing devices in handling highly viscous sputum through modular integration. It is suitable for various nursing scenarios for tuberculosis patients, improving the system's practicality and reliability.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the tuberculosis nursing suction system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side sectional view of the front end of the suction tube unit in an embodiment of the suction system for tuberculosis care of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an enlarged view of part A of an embodiment of the tuberculosis nursing suction system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a front sectional view of the groove in an embodiment of the suction system for tuberculosis care of the present invention.

[0020] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual include: 1. Suction tube unit; 2. Groove; 3. Force rod; 4. Blocking plate; 401. Sliding groove; 5. Torsion spring; 6. Resistor plate; 7. Contact plate. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method: Example 1:

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, a sputum suction system for tuberculosis care includes a sputum suction execution module, a negative pressure module, a sputum collection module, a disinfection module, and a monitoring module; The negative pressure module provides stable negative pressure for the suctioning execution module. Its core requirement is to meet the characteristics of "adjustable suction, stable output, and airway safety" when suctioning sputum for tuberculosis patients. It must avoid insufficient negative pressure that prevents the suctioning of highly viscous sputum (such as the 15-25 cP sputum commonly found in tuberculosis patients), while also preventing excessive negative pressure from damaging the fragile airway mucosa caused by inflammation and congestion. Simultaneously, it must be compatible with the real-time adjustment commands from the monitoring module. Therefore, the negative pressure module adopts a mature and medically suitable structure from existing technologies. For example, a medical-grade oil-free lubricated vacuum pump (such as the DB-V5 miniature oil-free vacuum pump, which meets the aseptic requirements for tuberculosis care, and is equipped with an electromagnetic proportional valve and a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor collects the negative pressure value in real time and feeds it back to the monitoring module, while the electromagnetic proportional valve adjusts the negative pressure in response to commands) is used as the core of negative pressure generation. Other negative pressure devices for tuberculosis suctioning can also be selected according to the actual situation.

[0026] Specifically, the sputum collection module, which works in conjunction with the negative pressure module, has the core function of receiving sputum transported by the suction execution module under the suction force of the negative pressure module, and achieving a sealed isolation to prevent the spread of tuberculosis bacteria. The sputum collection module uses a double-layer sealed collection bottle with an anti-backflow structure (the inner layer is made of medical-grade PP material, and the outer layer has a leak-proof sleeve, such as products with models TS-Ⅰ and TS-Ⅱ). The inlet of the collection bottle is connected in series with the negative pressure output end of the negative pressure module and the sputum outlet end of the suction execution module through a dedicated pipeline, ensuring that the suction force generated by the negative pressure module can stably act on the suction execution module, while preventing sputum backflow due to negative pressure fluctuations, which could contaminate the negative pressure module or airway. The side wall of the collection bottle has graduation markings for easy observation of the sputum volume, and the bottle can be quickly disassembled and disinfected, meeting the infection control needs of tuberculosis care.

[0027] Specifically, the disinfection module is used to protect against the risk of tuberculosis aerosols that may be generated during the operation of the negative pressure module, and forms a "suction supply-safety protection" combination with the negative pressure module. Specifically, the disinfection module consists of two parts: first, a high-efficiency air filter (HEPA grade, filtration efficiency ≥99.97%) is connected in series at the exhaust end of the negative pressure module to prevent tuberculosis-containing aerosols from leaking into the environment during the suction process; second, an indoor portable ultraviolet disinfection device that can be activated in conjunction with the working status of the negative pressure module (when the negative pressure module starts suctioning, the disinfection device automatically switches to a low-power air circulation disinfection mode to avoid direct ultraviolet radiation to the patient; after suctioning, it switches to full-power mode to disinfect the environment), further reducing the risk of tuberculosis transmission.

[0028] Specifically, the monitoring module receives the viscosity signal from the elastic detection unit in the suction execution module. Simultaneously, the monitoring module's display screen synchronously displays the working status of the negative pressure module (such as the current negative pressure value and whether it is under adjustment), the sputum volume warning information of the sputum collection module, and the operating mode of the disinfection module. This enables centralized monitoring of the working status of each module, ensuring the synergy between the suction adjustment of the negative pressure module and sputum collection and disinfection protection, and fully adapting to the suction care needs of tuberculosis patients.

[0029] To address the problems in existing technologies, such as delayed sputum viscosity detection (relying on post-hoc observation or non-inlet end monitoring) and reliance on manual prediction for negative pressure adjustment, which leads to repeated sputum plug retention at the suction catheter inlet and the need for multiple suctioning operations, thereby causing airway mucosal damage and increasing the risk of tuberculosis transmission, and given the difficulty in achieving effective coordination among the aforementioned modules, this solution is unique in that the suctioning execution module includes a suction catheter unit 1 and an elasticity detection unit: the suction catheter unit 1 is inserted into the airway of a tuberculosis patient, and suctioning is performed under the negative pressure suction provided by the negative pressure module; the elasticity detection unit is used to detect sputum characteristics in real time after the suction catheter is inserted into the airway. Simultaneously, the elasticity detection unit is located on the inner wall of the suction end of the suction catheter unit 1, avoiding direct friction with the airway mucosa while allowing direct contact with the sputum at the suction end. Meanwhile, the suction execution module is also used to directly detect the viscosity of sputum at the inhalation end after being inserted into the patient's airway, obtain the corresponding detection signal, and transmit the detection signal to the monitoring module in real time. This helps the monitoring module determine whether there is a risk of blockage in the suction execution module. The monitoring module then outputs adjustment commands to the negative pressure module to adjust the negative pressure suction force in real time.

[0030] Specifically, in combination Figure 2 As shown, suction catheter unit 1 uses medical suction catheters routinely used in clinical tuberculosis nursing (e.g., disposable silicone suction catheters of model FR8-FR14; FR8-FR10 is suitable for children, and FR12-FR14 is suitable for adults).

[0031] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the elastic detection unit includes several grooves 2 on the inner wall of the suction end of the suction tube unit 1. The grooves 2 are arranged in a circumferential array along the suction tube unit 1 (at least 6 sets of grooves 2 are set to reduce the detection deviation caused by uneven local sputum by averaging multiple sets of data. For example, when the sputum is thinner at one location but thicker at an adjacent location, the fusion of multiple sets of data can be closer to the true value). Each groove 2 is hinged with a force-bearing rod 3 and a torsion spring 5 is installed at the hinge to provide a restoring force for the force-bearing rod 3, ensuring that the force-bearing rod 3 returns to its initial position after the sputum is removed. It can also balance the viscous thrust of the sputum through elastic feedback, so that the rotation angle of the force-bearing rod 3 forms a stable correspondence with the viscosity. All force-bearing rods 3 are inclined and their hinged ends are located above the other end. At the same time, in the initial state of the torsion spring 5, the angle between the force-bearing rod 3 and the suction tube unit 1 is an acute angle (30-40°). The groove 2 and the hinge of the force-bearing rod 3 are equipped with sensing sub-units for sensing the angle change of the force-bearing rod 3. The sensing sub-units are connected to the monitoring module signal.

[0032] Among them, such as Figure 4As shown, each sensing subunit includes a resistor 6 (preferably a 10Ω metal film resistor 6 with an accuracy class of 0.1% to ensure the linearity of resistance change) disposed on the side wall of the groove 2. Each of the force rods 3 has a contact piece 7 at the end near the hinge. The resistor 6 and the contact piece 7 are slidably engaged. Both the resistor 6 and the contact piece 7 are electrically connected to the monitoring module (i.e., the two form a closed circuit with the monitoring module through medical-grade wires). Meanwhile, each of the force-bearing rods 3 is equipped with an arc-shaped blocking plate 4. Each of the grooves 2 has a symmetrical sliding groove 401 corresponding to the blocking plate 4. The blocking plate 4 is embedded in the sliding groove 401 and can slide freely with the rotation of the force-bearing rod 3. By limiting the movement through the sliding groove 401, the rotational stability of the force-bearing rod 3 is improved. At the same time, the blocking plate 4 isolates the sputum outside the groove 2, preventing the mucus protein and tuberculosis bacteria in the sputum from adhering to the surface of the torsion spring 5, the resistor 6 and the contact plate 7, which could cause component jamming (such as the torsion spring 5 being stuck by mucus, resulting in reset failure) or poor circuit contact (such as the contact plate 7 being covered with sputum, affecting conductivity), thereby ensuring stable detection accuracy.

[0033] In the elastic detection unit, when the suction end of the suction tube unit 1 is inserted into the airway and negative pressure suction is performed, the sputum comes into contact with the force rod 3. Based on the difference in sputum viscosity, the force rod 3 rotates at different angles around the hinge point toward the inside of the suction tube unit 1 and compresses the torsion spring 5. When the force rod 3 rotates, the contact piece 7 slides along the resistor piece 6 on the side wall of the groove 2, causing the resistance value of the resistor piece 6 connected to the monitoring module to change linearly (the amount of resistance change connected to the monitoring module is positively correlated with the sputum viscosity). In the monitoring module, the raw current signal of the resistance change of the resistive element 6 transmitted by the elastic detection unit is first received and preprocessed. The preprocessed result is compared with the preset "current change - sputum viscosity" calibration database to calculate the real-time viscosity. Then, the real-time viscosity is compared with the preset viscosity table and the corresponding adjustment command is output according to the result. Based on the adjustment command, the corresponding adjustment strategy is output. The real-time viscosity is defined as C. The preset viscosity table is as follows: Low viscosity, C < 10cP; Medium viscosity, 10cP≤C<15cP; High viscosity, C≥15cP; Wherein, cP represents the magnitude of the internal friction force that the fluid resists its own flow or deformation, and is used to measure the fluid viscosity.

[0034] The adjustment strategies include: Strategy 1: When the viscosity is low, the negative pressure module maintains the normal negative pressure. Strategy 2: When the viscosity is moderate, the negative pressure module increases the negative pressure by 5-8 kPa on the basis of the normal negative pressure, and monitors it every 3 seconds. If the viscosity decreases, the module will switch back. Strategy 3: When the viscosity is high, the negative pressure module first maintains the normal negative pressure and at the same time outputs a start command to the nebulization and humidification device matched with the suction execution module to trigger the humidification process. Then, the viscosity of the sputum is collected every 2 minutes through the elastic detection unit. If the viscosity drops to 12-15 cP for two consecutive monitoring, the negative pressure module gradually increases the negative pressure by 5-10 kPa on the normal negative pressure.

[0035] In actual suctioning, the specific implementation process is as follows: First, medical staff select the appropriate suctioning module according to the patient's age, and slowly insert the suctioning tube unit 1 into the patient's airway to the preset depth (about 15-20cm for adults and about 8-12cm for children). At the same time, the negative pressure module and the monitoring module are activated. The negative pressure module initially outputs a normal negative pressure (40-53.3kPa for adults and <40kPa for children) to provide basic suction for the suctioning operation.

[0036] When the suction end of the suction tube unit 1 comes into contact with the sputum, the elastic detection unit immediately starts working: when the sputum flows through the suction end under negative pressure, it comes into contact with the 6 sets of force rods 3 in the circumferential array. If the sputum is of low viscosity (such as serous sputum with C=8cP), its viscous resistance is small, only pushing the force rod 3 to rotate 5-8° around the hinge. The contact piece 7 slides a short distance along the resistor piece 6, and the resistance change ΔR≤2.5Ω. After the monitoring module receives the original current signal, it is filtered and preprocessed with temperature compensation. It is then substituted into the "current change - sputum viscosity" calibration database for calculation. It is determined to be in a low viscosity state, and then outputs a command to keep the negative pressure module at normal negative pressure to avoid damage to the patient's airway mucosa due to excessive negative pressure (especially the airway of tuberculosis patients is more easily damaged due to inflammation and congestion). This continues until the suction tube unit 1 successfully draws the sputum into the sputum collection module (the double-sealed collection bottle receives the sputum through a special pipeline, and the anti-backflow structure avoids sputum backflow and contamination).

[0037] If the detected sputum is of medium viscosity (e.g., mucous sputum with C=12cP), the viscous resistance pushes the force rod 3 to rotate 10-15°, and the contact piece 7 slides to make ΔR reach 3.5-5Ω. After the monitoring module determines this, it immediately sends an adjustment command to the negative pressure module to increase the negative pressure by 5-8kPa on the basis of the normal level (adjust to 45-61.3kPa for adults) to enhance the suction to overcome the viscosity of the sputum. At the same time, the monitoring module collects the resistance change signal of the elastic detection unit every 3 seconds. If a certain detection finds that ΔR drops below 3.5Ω (corresponding to C<10cP), the negative pressure is quickly adjusted back to the normal range to prevent continuous high negative pressure from irritating the airway.

[0038] If the detected sputum is highly viscous (e.g., purulent sputum with C=18 cP), the viscous resistance causes the force-bearing rod 3 to rotate 20-25°, with ΔR≥6Ω. The monitoring module first controls the negative pressure module to maintain a normal negative pressure (to avoid high negative pressure causing sputum plugs to block the suction tube), and simultaneously outputs a start command to the nebulizer humidification device. The device immediately delivers 3-5μm 0.9% saline nebulized particles to the airway at a flow rate of 5-8 ml / min to dilute the viscous sputum. Subsequently, every 1-2 minutes, the monitoring module collects viscosity data through the elastic detection unit. If ΔR is detected to drop to 3.5-6Ω (corresponding to C=12-15 cP) twice consecutively, the negative pressure module is controlled to gradually increase the negative pressure in 3 stages (each increase of 3-4 kPa, with an interval of 10 seconds), ultimately increasing the negative pressure to 9-12 kPa. This enhances suction on the basis of humidification and dilution, ensuring that sputum plugs are successfully drawn into the collection module.

[0039] Throughout the process, the disinfection module works synchronously, while the monitoring module display shows the negative pressure value, viscosity level, suctioning time, and disinfection status in real time. Medical staff can dynamically monitor the operation process through the screen. After the suctioning is completed, all modules are turned off, the sputum collection bottle is disassembled and sealed, and the suction tube unit 1 is disposed of in accordance with medical waste regulations, thus completing a complete suctioning operation for a tuberculosis patient.

[0040] Example 2:

[0041] The difference from the above embodiments is that, as Figure 2 As shown, all force-bearing rods 3 are triangular prisms, with one edge perpendicularly downwards along the axial direction of the suction tube unit 1. For low-viscosity sputum (such as serous sputum with C < 10 cP), the fluidity is good, allowing it to flow quickly along the smooth inclined surfaces on both sides of the triangular prism. This prevents it from stagnating on the surface of the force-bearing rods 3 and affecting suction efficiency. Furthermore, a slight viscous thrust can push the force-bearing rods 3 to rotate slightly, ensuring the monitoring module accurately captures signal changes under low-viscosity conditions. However, for high-viscosity sputum (such as purulent sputum or sputum plugs with C ≥ 15 cP), the fluidity is poor, and it easily clumps together, making it difficult to contact the force-bearing rods. When lever 3 is in use, it adheres to the surface of the triangular prism due to its high viscosity. At this time, the vertically downward edge can use the relative motion under negative pressure to slightly cut the aggregated sputum plug—dividing the blocky sputum plug into smaller fragments. This reduces the overall viscous resistance of the sputum plug, making it easier for it to be sucked into the suction tube under negative pressure. It also allows the divided sputum to come into more full contact with lever 3, making the rotation angle of lever 3 more stable. This avoids fluctuations in the detection signal caused by the local hardness of the sputum plug, and provides a more reliable basis for the monitoring module to accurately judge the high viscosity state and trigger humidification and negative pressure adjustment strategies.

[0042] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A suctioning system for tuberculosis care, characterized in that, include: The suctioning module is used to extract sputum from the lungs of tuberculosis patients by penetrating deep into the airway. The negative pressure module is used to provide stable negative pressure suction for the suction execution module; The sputum collection module is used to collect the sputum aspirated by the suctioning module and seal it for isolation. The disinfection module is used to disinfect indoor air, remove bacterial aerosols from the air, and disinfect the suction execution module, negative pressure module, and sputum collection module. The monitoring module is used to monitor relevant parameters during the suctioning process in real time, and displays the negative pressure value, suctioning duration and tubing patency status on the display screen simultaneously. The suction execution module is also used to directly detect the viscosity of sputum at the inhalation end after being inserted into the patient's airway, obtain the corresponding detection signal, and transmit the detection signal to the monitoring module in real time. This helps the monitoring module determine whether there is a risk of blockage in the suction execution module. The monitoring module then outputs adjustment commands to the negative pressure module to adjust the negative pressure suction force in real time.

2. The tuberculosis nursing suction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suctioning execution module includes a suction tube unit (1) and an elasticity detection unit; The suction tube unit (1) is used to insert into the airway of a tuberculosis patient and perform suctioning under the negative pressure suction provided by the negative pressure module; The elasticity detection unit is used to detect the characteristics of sputum in real time after the suction tube is inserted into the airway; the elasticity detection unit is set on the inner wall of the suction end of the suction tube unit (1).

3. The tuberculosis nursing suction system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic detection unit includes several grooves (2) formed on the inner wall of the suction end of the suction tube unit (1). The grooves (2) are arranged in a circumferential array along the suction tube unit (1). Each groove (2) is hinged with a force rod (3) and a torsion spring (5) is installed at the hinge. The force rods (3) are all inclined. The hinge end of the force rod (3) is located above the other end. When the torsion spring (5) is in its initial state, the angle between the force rod (3) and the suction tube unit (1) is an acute angle. Each groove (2) and the hinge of the force rod (3) is equipped with a sensing sub-unit for sensing the angle change of the force rod (3). The sensing sub-unit is connected to the monitoring module signal.

4. The tuberculosis nursing suction system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each sensing subunit includes a resistor (6) disposed on the side wall of the groove (2), and a contact piece (7) is disposed at the end of the force rod (3) near the hinge. The resistor (6) and the contact piece (7) are in sliding fit. The resistor (6) and the contact piece (7) are electrically connected to the monitoring module.

5. The tuberculosis nursing suction system according to claim 4, characterized in that: All the force-bearing rods (3) are equipped with arc-shaped blocking plates (4), and the grooves (2) are symmetrically opened with sliding grooves (401) corresponding to the blocking plates (4). The blocking plates (4) are all in sliding fit with the sliding grooves (401).

6. The tuberculosis nursing suction system according to claim 5, characterized in that: All the force-bearing rods (3) are triangular prisms, and one of their edges is perpendicular to the radial section of the suction tube unit (1).

7. The tuberculosis nursing suction system according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the elastic detection unit, when the suction end of the suction tube unit (1) is inserted into the airway and negative pressure suction is performed, the sputum comes into contact with the force rod (3). Based on the difference in the viscosity of the sputum, the force rod (3) rotates around the hinge at different angles toward the inside of the suction tube unit (1) and compresses the torsion spring (5). When the force rod (3) rotates, the contact piece (7) slides along the resistor piece (6) on the side wall of the groove (2), causing the resistance value of the resistor piece (6) connected to the monitoring module to change linearly.

8. The tuberculosis nursing suction system according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the elasticity detection unit, the change in resistance of the connected monitoring module is positively correlated with the viscosity of the sputum.

9. The tuberculosis nursing suction system according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the monitoring module, the original current signal of the resistance change of the reactive resistor (6) transmitted by the elastic detection unit is first received and preprocessed. The preprocessed result is compared with the preset "current change - sputum viscosity" calibration database to calculate the real-time viscosity. Then, the real-time viscosity is compared with the preset viscosity table and the corresponding adjustment command is output according to the result. Based on the adjustment command, the corresponding adjustment strategy is output. The real-time viscosity is defined as C. The preset viscosity table is as follows: Low viscosity, C < 10cP; Medium viscosity, 10cP≤C<15cP; High viscosity, C≥15cP; cP is a unit of viscosity, used to measure the magnitude of the internal friction force that a fluid exerts against its own flow or deformation.

10. The tuberculosis nursing suction system according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the monitoring module, the adjustment strategies include: Strategy 1: When the viscosity is low, the negative pressure module maintains the normal negative pressure. Strategy 2: When the viscosity is moderate, the negative pressure module increases the negative pressure by 5-8 kPa on the basis of the normal negative pressure, and monitors it every 3 seconds. If the viscosity decreases, the module will switch back. Strategy 3: When the viscosity is high, the negative pressure module first maintains the normal negative pressure and at the same time outputs a start command to the nebulization and humidification device matched with the suction execution module to trigger the humidification process. Then, the viscosity of the sputum is collected every 2 minutes through the elastic detection unit. If the viscosity drops to 12-15 cP for two consecutive monitoring, the negative pressure module gradually increases the negative pressure by 5-10 kPa on the normal negative pressure.

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