Pickling recovery device for silicon in waste photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention discloses a pickling recovery device for silicon in a waste photovoltaic module, and belongs to the technical field of waste photovoltaic module recovery treatment. In the prior art, disassembled silicon plates are easy to stack and fit after being put into a material containing frame, so that pickling dead angles are formed, the silicon recovery rate is low, and the purity is insufficient. The device comprises a rack, wherein a pickling tank is arranged on the rack; the material containing frame is arranged on the machine frame in a lifting mode and used for containing waste photovoltaic modules, a plurality of liquid inlet holes allowing pickling liquid to flow through are formed in the material containing frame, and the material containing frame can descend to enable the modules to be immersed in the pickling pool. A plurality of separation rods are arranged in the material containing frame and arranged at intervals in the length direction of the material containing frame, and each separation rod separates the adjacent assemblies to form a gap. The device prevents components from being attached and stacked through the separation rods, guarantees sufficient permeation of acid liquor through cooperation with the liquid inlet holes, eliminates pickling dead angles, improves silicon recovery purity and recovery rate, is simple in structure and adapts to an existing pickling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of waste photovoltaic module recycling technology, specifically relating to an acid washing and recovery device for silicon in waste photovoltaic modules. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic modules mainly consist of a glass cover, encapsulating film, solar cells (silicon-based), backsheet, aluminum frame, and junction box. The silicon solar cells are the core component, containing a large amount of high-purity silicon. When recycling waste photovoltaic modules, the glass, aluminum frame, and junction box must first be removed through disassembly. The resulting silicon substrate then undergoes purification. Acid washing is one of the most widely used processes in silicon substrate recycling due to its relatively simple operation and good purification effect.

[0003] In existing technologies, the acid washing and recycling of waste photovoltaic module silicon boards typically involves directly placing the disassembled silicon board individual units into a container and immersing them in an acid solution (such as a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid) to remove impurities (such as metal oxides and encapsulation film residues) from the surface of the silicon board, thereby obtaining purified silicon material. However, after being placed into the container, these disassembled silicon boards tend to stick together and stack under gravity, forming a dense pile structure.

[0004] The aforementioned bonding and stacking phenomena make it difficult for acid to fully penetrate the bonding surfaces and stacking gaps of the silicon substrate monomers, creating numerous pickling dead zones. Impurities in these dead zones cannot effectively contact and react with the acid, resulting not only in incomplete removal of impurities from the silicon substrate surface, reducing the purity of the recycled silicon and affecting subsequent reuse, but also causing some silicon substrates to be discarded as waste due to insufficient pickling, significantly reducing the silicon recovery rate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an acid washing and recycling device for silicon in waste photovoltaic modules, which solves the technical problems in the prior art when recycling silicon from waste photovoltaic modules. The individual modules tend to stick together and stack, which prevents the acid from fully penetrating to the bonding surface, resulting in acid washing dead zones, low silicon recovery rate and insufficient recovery purity.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of the present invention provide an acid washing and recovery device for silicon in waste photovoltaic modules, comprising: A frame, on which an acid pickling tank is provided; A container frame is lifted and mounted on the frame and is used to hold waste photovoltaic modules. The container frame has several inlet holes for the acid pickling solution to flow through. The container frame can be lowered to immerse the waste photovoltaic modules into the acid pickling tank. The container frame is provided with several dividing rods, which are arranged at intervals along the length of the container frame. Each dividing rod is used to separate two adjacent waste photovoltaic modules so that a gap is formed between the two adjacent waste photovoltaic modules.

[0007] In one possible implementation, both sides of the separator bar have flexible side wings that extend downward at an angle. When the waste photovoltaic module enters the container frame, the flexible side wings can deform and press against the side wall of the waste photovoltaic module to limit the waste photovoltaic module.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the bottom wall of the material container has several rows of guide protrusions, the top of each guide protrusion has a guide cone surface, and the several rows of guide protrusions are arranged vertically and vertically in correspondence with the several separator rods. When the waste photovoltaic modules enter the container frame, the guide cone surface is used to guide the lower end of the waste photovoltaic modules to move between the two adjacent columns of guide protrusions.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the material container has a plurality of liquid inlet grooves that penetrate the sidewalls, and the plurality of liquid inlet grooves extend vertically and are spaced apart along the length of the material container. The partition rods correspond one-to-one with the liquid inlet tanks and are slidably fitted. Both ends of the partition rods extend outward from both sides of the material container frame. The ends of the partition rods located on the same side of the material container frame are connected by an assembly rod. When the container frame moves the waste photovoltaic module upward out of the pickling tank, the container frame can move the waste photovoltaic module upward relative to the assembly rod, so as to vertically scrape off the pickling liquid adhering to the side wall of the waste photovoltaic module through the flexible side wings.

[0010] In one possible implementation, a flexible sleeve is fitted onto the separator rod, with flexible side wings located on both sides of the flexible sleeve. The sidewall of the flexible sleeve can elastically abut or slide against the inner wall of the liquid inlet groove, so that the relative position of the separator rod with the liquid inlet groove is fixed when no external force is applied, or the separator rod slides relative to the liquid inlet groove under the action of external force.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the outer wall of the separator rod is provided with an anti-rotation protrusion, and the inner wall of the flexible sleeve is provided with an anti-rotation groove. The anti-rotation protrusion can engage with the anti-rotation groove to limit the circumferential position of the flexible sleeve relative to the separator rod.

[0012] In one possible implementation, two stop bars are slidably connected to the frame, the two stop bars being located on both sides above the pickling tank, for abutting against the assembly rod to limit the upward movement of the assembly rod; When the container frame moves upward out of the pickling tank, the two baffles can slide towards the container frame to abut against the assembly rods on both sides of the container frame, thereby limiting the upward movement of the assembly rods and scraping off the pickling liquid adhering to the side wall of the waste photovoltaic module with the help of the assembly rods.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the frame has a loading position and a unloading position located on both sides of the material container, a sliding frame is horizontally slidably arranged on the frame, the sliding frame is provided with a lifting drive, the material container is detachably connected to the lifting end of the lifting drive, and the sliding frame can drive the lifting drive and the material container to move to the loading position or the unloading position.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the side of the material frame is provided with two connecting parts, which are respectively located near both ends of the material frame, and each connecting part is provided with a plug-in hole; the lifting end of the lifting drive is provided with a mounting cylinder, and both ends of the mounting cylinder are telescopically connected with plug-in rods; when the mounting cylinder moves between the two connecting parts, the plug-in rods can extend outward and engage with the plug-in holes; The plug rod has a downwardly extending straightening portion, which is used to abut against the side wall of the container frame to limit the container frame to the lower side of the lifting drive component.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the two ends of the stop bar are connected to the frame via bent sections that extend away from the material container to avoid the connecting portion.

[0016] The significant technical advantages of this invention are as follows: the separator bars are spaced apart along the length of the container frame, separating adjacent waste photovoltaic modules and preventing the formation of material piles within the container. This creates gaps between adjacent photovoltaic modules, structurally avoiding pickling dead zones caused by the bonding of photovoltaic modules. The liquid inlet holes on the container frame, in conjunction with these gaps, provide a flow channel for the pickling solution, ensuring that the solution penetrates to all surfaces of the photovoltaic modules, reacts with impurities, and improves the purity of the recovered silicon. Simultaneously, it prevents photovoltaic modules from being discarded due to bonding without pickling, reducing silicon material loss and increasing the silicon recovery rate. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an acid washing and recycling device for silicon in waste photovoltaic modules according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the material container frame in the embodiment; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional internal structure diagram of the material container in the embodiment; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view at point B; Figure 6 for Figure 2 Enlarged view at point C; Figure 7 for Figure 1 Enlarged view at point D; Figure 8 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the acid washing recovery device when the material container is removed from the acid washing tank in the embodiment; Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point E in the middle.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Frame, 2. Pickling tank, 3. Material container frame, 31. Liquid inlet, 4. Divider rod, 5. Lifting drive component, 41. Flexible side wing, 32. Guide protrusion, 33. Guide cone surface, 34. Liquid inlet groove, 42. Assembly rod, 43. Flexible sleeve, 44. Anti-rotation protrusion, 45. Anti-rotation groove, 6. Stop bar, 11. Loading position, 12. Unloading position, 7. Sliding frame, 35. Connecting part, 36. Insertion hole, 51. Mounting cylinder, 52. Insertion rod, 53. Straightening part, 61. Bending section. Detailed Implementation The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0022] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the association relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more pieces (including two pieces).

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0025] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation", "connection", "linking", and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components.

[0026] The acid washing and recovery device for silicon in waste photovoltaic modules disclosed in this embodiment is applicable to the field of photovoltaic module recycling and processing, specifically applied to the acid washing and purification process of silicon substrates after dismantling. With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, the amount of waste photovoltaic modules generated is increasing year by year. As the core material of photovoltaic modules, the efficient recycling and reuse of silicon is of great significance for reducing industry costs and saving resources. Currently, the industry generally uses acid washing to purify silicon substrates. The core need is to solve the problem of acid washing dead zones caused by module stacking in traditional acid washing, and to improve the purity and recovery rate of silicon. This device is a specialized acid washing equipment improved based on this need.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the device as a whole includes core components such as a frame 1, an acid pickling tank 2, a material holding frame 3, a partition rod 4, a lifting drive component 5, a stop bar 6, and a sliding frame 7. The frame 1 serves as the overall load-bearing foundation, ensuring structural stability during operation. The acid pickling tank 2 is fixedly installed in the middle of the frame 1 and is used to hold acid pickling solutions such as a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. The inner wall of the acid pickling tank 2 is lined with an anti-corrosion lining to prevent the acid pickling solution from corroding the tank body.

[0028] The material container 3 is assembled on the frame 1 via the sliding frame 7 and the lifting drive component 5, enabling lifting and horizontal movement, and is used to hold the dismantled waste photovoltaic modules. The sliding frame 7 slides with the frame 1 via a linear guide rail. A servo motor and gear are installed on the frame 1, and a rack is installed on the frame 1. The rotation of the motor can drive the sliding frame 7 to move horizontally along the guide rail, thereby realizing the switching of the material container 3 between the loading position 11, the pickling position, and the unloading position 12.

[0029] The lifting drive component 5 can be any one of the conventional drive components, such as a telescopic cylinder, a rodless cylinder, or a motor screw drive structure. The lifting drive component 5 is fixedly installed on the top of the sliding frame 7, and its lifting end is detachably connected to the material container 3. After starting, it can drive the material container 3 to lift and lower, so that the photovoltaic modules in the material container 3 are immersed in or removed from the pickling solution in the pickling tank 2.

[0030] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the material container 3 has a frame structure. Its two sides and two ends are defined based on its length direction. The two ends of the long side of the material container 3 are the two ends of the material container 3, and the two ends of the short side are the two sides of the material container 3. Several liquid inlet holes 31 can be opened on its side wall and bottom wall. The liquid inlet holes 31 penetrate through the wall of the material container 3 to provide a flow channel for the pickling liquid, so that the pickling liquid can quickly enter the interior of the material container 3 and contact the components.

[0031] To solve the problem of modules sticking together and stacking in traditional pickling, a number of partition rods 4 are provided in the container frame 3. The partition rods 4 are evenly spaced along the length of the container frame 3. The two ends of the partition rods 4 are respectively engaged with the two side walls of the container frame 3. Each partition rod 4 is correspondingly set between two adjacent photovoltaic modules, so that a fixed gap is formed between adjacent modules.

[0032] This structure breaks up the dense material pile formed by the stacking of components through the physical separation of the separator rod 4. In conjunction with the liquid inlet hole 31, the pickling solution can enter the material container 3 through the liquid inlet hole 31 and then flow through the gaps between the components, making full contact with each surface of each component. This structurally eliminates pickling dead corners and improves the uniformity of silicon material purification. At the same time, it avoids surface damage caused by mutual friction and collision of components, reduces silicon material loss, and ensures the integrity of recycled silicon.

[0033] Optionally, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the bottom wall of the material container 3 is integrally formed with several rows of guide protrusions 32. Each row of guide protrusions 32 extends along the width direction of the material container 3, and the number of rows corresponds one-to-one with the number of partition rods 4, so that the guide protrusions 32 and the partition rods 4 are arranged vertically. The top of the guide protrusions 32 is machined with a guide cone surface 33, which has a structure that is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom.

[0034] To address the issue of misalignment and tilting of waste photovoltaic modules when placed in the container frame 3, leading to inaccurate alignment with the separator rod 4, a guide cone surface 33 is used. When the module is placed in the container frame 3, its lower end first contacts the guide cone surface 33. Under the influence of gravity and the cone surface, the lower end of the module slides along the cone surface and precisely falls between two adjacent rows of guide protrusions 32, thus achieving full height limitation of the module in conjunction with the upper separator rod 4. This structure enables the module to be positioned quickly and accurately, ensuring uniform gaps between adjacent modules and ensuring balanced flow efficiency of pickling solution within each gap, further improving pickling uniformity. At the same time, the guide protrusions 32 provide support for the lower end of the module, enhancing the stability of the module within the container frame 3 and preventing the module from shaking or sticking together due to acid impact during pickling, thus strengthening gap stability.

[0035] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 , Figure 5 As shown, both sides of the separator rod 4 are provided with flexible side wings 41 extending downward at an angle. The flexible side wings 41 can be made of acid-resistant elastic materials such as nitrile rubber and fluororubber, and are fixedly connected to the separator rod 4. The connection point between the flexible side wings 4 and the separator rod 4 is the deformation base point.

[0036] To address the issue of components easily shifting during the movement of the container frame 3 and pickling process, leading to increased or disappeared gaps, when the component is placed in the container frame 3 and positioned between adjacent separator bars 4, the sidewall of the component presses against the flexible side wing 41, causing the flexible side wing 41 to undergo elastic deformation around the deformation base point. After deformation, the flexible side wing 41 presses tightly against the sidewall of the component, forming a lateral limit on the component.

[0037] The elastic deformation characteristics of the flexible side wing 41 can be adapted to photovoltaic modules of different thicknesses, expanding the applicability of the device; at the same time, the elastic contact method avoids hard damage to the surface of the module. In conjunction with the guide protrusion 32 and the partition rod 4, the module is fully limited, ensuring that the module maintains a stable posture during lifting and pickling. This avoids the problem of waste photovoltaic modules floating and shifting under the action of the pickling liquid when the container frame 3 enters the pickling tank 2, ensuring that the position of adjacent photovoltaic modules is always in the preset state and maintaining smooth flow of pickling liquid.

[0038] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, several liquid inlet grooves 34 are provided on both sides of the material container 3. The liquid inlet grooves 34 penetrate through the side walls of the material container 3 and extend vertically. The number of them corresponds one-to-one with the partition rods 4. The partition rods 4 are inserted into the corresponding liquid inlet grooves 34 and form a sliding fit with the liquid inlet grooves 34.

[0039] Both ends of the separator rod 4 extend outward from the outside of the container frame 3. Several separator rods 4 located on the same side of the container frame 3 are fixedly connected at their ends by an assembly rod 42. The assembly rod 42 is set perpendicular to the separator rod 4, so that the several separator rods 4 form a synchronous linkage structure. In order to realize the recovery of pickling liquid on the surface of the component after pickling and reduce acid loss and subsequent processing costs, when the container frame 3 rises and moves out of the pickling tank 2, the assembly rod 42 is limited by the stop rod 6, so that the container frame 3 moves upward relative to the assembly rod 42 and the separator rod 4. At this time, the flexible side wing 41 abuts against the side wall of the component, and vertically scrapes off the pickling liquid attached to the side wall of the component during the relative movement. The scraped pickling liquid slides down the side wing into the pickling tank 2 for recovery. The liquid inlet tank 34 also expands the flow path of the pickling liquid, so that the pickling liquid can directly enter the gap between the components through the liquid inlet tank 34, accelerate the acid circulation, and improve the pickling efficiency; and there is no need to add an additional scraping component, simplifying the overall structure of the device and realizing the integration of pickling and scraping functions.

[0040] Optionally, such as Figure 5 As shown, a flexible sleeve 43 is fitted on the separator rod 4. The flexible sleeve 43 can be made of acid-resistant elastic materials such as nitrile rubber and fluororubber, which are the same as the flexible side wings 41. It is coaxially set with the separator rod 4. The flexible side wings 41 are integrally formed on both sides of the flexible sleeve 43 to form an integral structure. The uniform material can improve the compatibility between components and the overall service life, while resisting the corrosion of pickling solution.

[0041] The side wall of the flexible sleeve 43 elastically abuts against the inner wall of the liquid inlet 34. When no external force is applied, the relative position of the separator rod 4 and the liquid inlet 34 is fixed by the elastic squeezing force. Under the action of external force, the flexible sleeve 43 undergoes elastic deformation, releasing the tight abutment with the inner wall of the liquid inlet 34, so that the separator rod 4 can slide vertically relative to the liquid inlet 34.

[0042] This structure enables the separator rod 4 to be fixed and slide adaptively. During the pickling process, there is no external force applied, and the position of the separator rod 4 is fixed. The stabilizing and limiting components are stabilized by the flexible side wings 41. When scraping liquid, the flexible sleeve 43 deforms to ensure the relative sliding between the separator rod 4 and the material container 3, thus ensuring smooth scraping action.

[0043] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the outer wall of the separator rod 4 is integrally formed with several anti-rotation protrusions 44 along the axial direction, and the anti-rotation protrusions 44 are evenly distributed around the separator rod 4; the inner wall of the flexible sleeve 43 is provided with several anti-rotation grooves 45, and the number and position of the anti-rotation grooves 45 and the anti-rotation protrusions 44 are matched one by one. When the flexible sleeve 43 is sleeved on the separator rod 4, the anti-rotation protrusions 44 are embedded in the anti-rotation grooves 45 to form a snap-fit ​​fit.

[0044] To address the issue of the flexible sleeve 43 easily rotating circumferentially relative to the separator rod 4 during use, leading to attitude deviation of the flexible side wing 41 and failure of its limiting and scraping functions, this anti-rotation structure restricts the circumferential displacement of the flexible sleeve 43 through the interlocking of protrusions and grooves. This ensures that the flexible side wing 41 always maintains a preset downward tilted posture, guaranteeing accurate deformation and pressure when the component is inserted, stable limiting during pickling, and uniform force distribution during scraping. Simultaneously, it enhances the connection strength between the flexible sleeve 43 and the separator rod 4, preventing sleeve displacement caused by acid impact and component friction, thus improving the overall structural stability.

[0045] Optionally, such as Figure 1 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, there are two baffles 6 slidably connected to the frame 1 via slide rails. The two baffles 6 are located on both sides above the pickling tank 2, corresponding one-to-one with the assembly rods 42 on both sides of the material container frame 3.

[0046] A cylinder is installed on the frame 1 corresponding to the stop rod 6. The cylinder piston rod is connected to the stop rod 6, and the cylinder drives the stop rod 6 to move towards or away from each other along the slide rail. When the material container 3 rises and moves out of the pickling tank 2, the cylinder drives the two stop rods 6 to slide towards the material container 3, respectively abutting against the assembly rods 42 on both sides of the material container 3, limiting the upward movement of the assembly rods 42. At this time, the lifting drive component 5 continues to drive the material container 3 to rise, and the material container 3 moves upward relative to the assembly rods 42 and the separator rods 4, and the pickling liquid on the component surface is scraped off by the flexible side wings 41. The sliding design of the stop rod 6 can flexibly adapt to the position of the material container 3, accurately limit the assembly rods 42, and ensure that the relative displacement of the material container 3 and the separator rods 4 is consistent during scraping, so that the flexible side wings 41 scrape the liquid evenly and thoroughly, improving the acid recovery efficiency and the cleanliness of the component surface; at the same time, it avoids structural damage caused by excessive upward movement of the assembly rods 42, and improves the operational safety of the device.

[0047] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 , Figure 6 As shown, two connecting parts 35 are fixedly provided on the side of the material frame 3. The two connecting parts are respectively located near the two ends of the material frame 3. A horizontal through insertion hole 36 is opened on the connecting part 35. An installation cylinder 51 is fixedly installed at the end of the piston rod of the lifting drive component 5. The installation cylinder 51 extends along the length direction of the material frame 3. Both ends of the installation cylinder 51 are connected to the insertion rod 52 through a telescopic structure.

[0048] One retractable structure is a retractable connection between a built-in spring and a plug rod 52. The built-in spring pushes the plug rod 52 to remain in an extended state. A solenoid directional valve is installed on the mounting cylinder 51 to control the retraction of the plug rod 52.

[0049] Another retractable structure is that the mounting cylinder 51 is connected to an external air source, and the retraction and extension movement of the plug rod 52 is controlled by the gas.

[0050] When the mounting cylinder 51 moves between the two connecting parts 35, the insertion rod 52 extends outward under the action of the telescopic structure and inserts into the insertion hole 36 of the corresponding connecting part 35, completing the connection between the material frame 3 and the lifting drive component 5; during disassembly, the insertion rod 52 is retracted to release the engagement with the insertion hole 36. This insertion structure enables quick assembly and disassembly of the material frame 3, facilitating individual cleaning, maintenance, or replacement of the material frame 3 and improving equipment flexibility; at the same time, the two connecting parts 35 are symmetrically arranged, ensuring uniform force distribution and guaranteeing the stability of the material frame 3 during lifting.

[0051] The lower end of the plug-in rod 52 is integrally formed with a straightening part 53, which extends into a plate shape towards the side of the container frame 3, and its inner sidewall is adapted to the outer sidewall of the container frame 3. When the plug-in rod 52 is inserted into the plug-in hole 36, the inner sidewall of the straightening part 53 abuts tightly against the sidewall of the container frame 3, forming a clamping and limiting action on the container frame 3 from both sides. To solve the problem that the container frame 3 is prone to horizontal displacement or circumferential rotation after being connected to the lifting drive component 5, which leads to misalignment of subsequent scraping and pickling actions, the straightening part 53 corrects the installation posture of the container frame 3 by lateral pressure, ensuring that the movement trajectory of the container frame 3 is consistent with that of the lifting drive component 5 and the sliding frame 7, avoiding uneven pickling and poor scraping effect due to installation misalignment; at the same time, it increases the contact area with the container frame 3, reduces local pressure, and avoids damage to the container frame 3.

[0052] Optionally, such as Figure 7 , Figure 9 As shown, the stop rod 6 has integrally formed bent sections 61 at both ends, which extend away from the material container 3 to form a clearance space. To avoid interference between the stop rod 6 and the connecting part 35 on the side of the material container 3, which would prevent the stop rod 6 from effectively abutting the assembly rod 42, the length of the bent section 61 is matched with the size of the connecting part 35. When the stop rod 6 abuts the assembly rod 42, the bent section 61 precisely avoids the connecting part 35, ensuring that the main body of the stop rod 6 is in close contact with the assembly rod 42, thus ensuring the limiting effect. At the same time, the bent section 61 enhances the structural strength of the stop rod 6, preventing the stop rod 6 from deforming under stress, improving the operational stability of the device, and eliminating the need to change the installation position of the connecting part 35 and the stop rod 6, making the equipment structure more compact and reasonable.

[0053] The working process of this device is as follows: The operator puts the disassembled photovoltaic modules one by one into the container frame 3. Under the guidance of the guide cone surface 33, the modules fall between the adjacent guide protrusions 32. At the same time, the flexible side wings 41 on both sides of the separator 4 are squeezed and fixed by the flexible side wings 41, so that a uniform gap is formed between the adjacent modules.

[0054] The sliding frame 7 is activated to move the lifting drive 5 to the loading position 11. The loading frame 3 is placed on the loading position 11 by the external device. Then, the lifting drive 5 drives the lifting end to approach the loading frame 3, so that the plug rod 52 on the mounting cylinder 51 is aligned with the plug hole 36. The telescopic structure of the plug rod 52 (with built-in spring and solenoid reversing valve) is activated, so that the plug rod 52 enters the plug hole 36 to form a snap-fit. At this time, the straightening part 53 can contact the side wall of the loading frame 3 to limit the position of the loading frame 3 relative to the mounting cylinder 51.

[0055] The lifting drive 5 drives the material container 3 to rise, causing the material container 3 to detach from the loading position 11. The sliding frame 7 drives the material container 3 to move above the pickling tank 2. The lifting drive 5 drives the material container 3 to fall, so that the components are completely immersed in the pickling solution. The pickling solution enters the material container 3 through the liquid inlet 31 and the liquid inlet trough 34, flows through the gap between the components and fully contacts the surface of the components to remove surface impurities.

[0056] After pickling is completed, the lifting drive 5 drives the container frame 3 to rise. When the container frame 3 moves out of the pickling tank 2, the baffle 6 slides towards each other and abuts against the assembly rod 42. The lifting drive 5 continues to drive the container frame 3 to rise. The container frame 3 moves upward relative to the assembly rod 42 and the partition rod 4, and the pickling liquid on the surface of the component is vertically scraped off through the flexible side wing 41. The scraped pickling liquid slides back into the pickling tank 2 along the flexible side wing 41.

[0057] After the scraping is completed, the baffle 6 is reset, the sliding frame 7 moves the material container 3 to the unloading position 12, the lifting drive 5 drives the material container 3 to descend, and the material container 3 is placed on the unloading position 12. The connection between the material container 3 and the lifting drive 5 is disconnected, the material container 3 is removed to complete the unloading, and thus the acid washing and recovery process is completed.

[0058] This device, through the coordinated operation of its various structures, not only solves the problems of pickling dead zones, low silicon recovery rate, and insufficient purity caused by component stacking in traditional pickling, but also improves the automation level and operational stability of the device by optimizing functions such as multi-station switching, rapid disassembly and assembly, and acid recovery, while reducing manual labor intensity and acid consumption.

[0059] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An acid washing and recovery device for silicon in waste photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, include: A frame (1) is provided with an acid pickling tank (2). The container (3) is lifted and installed on the frame (1) and is used to hold waste photovoltaic modules. The container (3) has several inlet holes (31) for the acid washing liquid to flow through. The container (3) can be lowered so that the waste photovoltaic modules are immersed in the acid washing tank (2). The container (3) is provided with a number of partition rods (4), and the partition rods (4) are arranged at intervals along the length of the container (3). Each partition rod (4) is used to separate two adjacent waste photovoltaic modules so that a gap is formed between the two adjacent waste photovoltaic modules.

2. The acid washing and recovery device for silicon in waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both sides of the separator (4) have flexible side wings (41) that extend downward at an angle. When the waste photovoltaic module enters the container frame (3), the flexible side wings (41) can deform and press against the side wall of the waste photovoltaic module to limit the waste photovoltaic module.

3. The acid washing and recovery device for silicon in waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner bottom wall of the material frame (3) has several rows of guide protrusions (32), and the top of the guide protrusions (32) has a guide cone surface (33). The several rows of guide protrusions (32) and the several partition rods (4) are arranged vertically and vertically respectively. When the waste photovoltaic module enters the container (3), the guide cone (33) is used to guide the lower end of the waste photovoltaic module to move between the two adjacent columns of guide protrusions (32).

4. The acid washing and recovery device for silicon in waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 2, characterized in that, The material container (3) has a plurality of liquid inlet grooves (34) that penetrate the side wall. The plurality of liquid inlet grooves (34) extend vertically and are spaced apart along the length of the material container (3). The partition rods (4) correspond one-to-one with the liquid inlet tanks (34) and are slidably fitted. Both ends of the partition rods (4) extend outward from both sides of the container frame (3). The ends of the partition rods (4) located on the same side of the container frame (3) are connected by the assembly rod (42). When the container frame (3) moves the waste photovoltaic module upward out of the pickling tank (2), the container frame (3) can move the waste photovoltaic module upward relative to the assembly rod (42) so as to vertically scrape off the pickling liquid attached to the side wall of the waste photovoltaic module through the flexible side wing (41).

5. The acid washing and recovery device for silicon in waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that, A flexible sleeve (43) is fitted on the separator rod (4). The flexible side wings (41) are located on both sides of the flexible sleeve (43). The side wall of the flexible sleeve (43) can elastically abut or slide against the inner wall of the liquid inlet tank (34) so ​​that the relative position of the separator rod (4) with the liquid inlet tank (34) is fixed when there is no external force or the separator rod (4) slides relative to the liquid inlet tank (34) under the action of external force.

6. The acid washing and recovery device for silicon in waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer wall of the separator (4) is provided with an anti-rotation protrusion (44), and the inner wall of the flexible sleeve (43) is provided with an anti-rotation groove (45). The anti-rotation protrusion (44) can engage with the anti-rotation groove (45) to limit the circumferential position of the flexible sleeve (43) relative to the separator (4).

7. The acid washing and recovery device for silicon in waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 5, characterized in that, Two stop rods (6) are slidably connected on the frame (1). The two stop rods (6) are located on the upper sides of the pickling tank (2) and are used to abut against the assembly rod (42) to limit the upward movement of the assembly rod (42). When the container (3) rises out of the pickling tank (2), the two baffles (6) can slide towards the container (3) to abut against the assembly rods (42) on both sides of the container (3) respectively, so as to limit the upward movement of the assembly rods (42) and scrape off the pickling liquid adhering to the side wall of the waste photovoltaic module with the help of the assembly rods (42).

8. The acid washing and recovery device for silicon in waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 7, characterized in that, The frame (1) has a loading position (11) and a unloading position (12) located on both sides of the material container (3). A sliding frame (7) is horizontally slidably arranged on the frame (1). A lifting drive (5) is provided on the sliding frame (7). The material container (3) is detachably connected to the lifting end of the lifting drive (5). The sliding frame (7) can drive the lifting drive (5) and the material container (3) to move to the loading position (11) or the unloading position (12).

9. The acid washing and recovery device for silicon in waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 8, characterized in that, The material container (3) has two connecting parts (35) on its side. The two connecting parts (35) are respectively located near the two ends of the material container (3). Each of the two connecting parts (35) has a plug-in hole (36). The lifting end of the lifting drive (5) is provided with a mounting cylinder (51). Both ends of the mounting cylinder (51) are telescopically connected with plug-in rods (52). When the mounting cylinder (51) moves between the two connecting parts (35), the plug-in rods (52) can extend outward and plug into the plug-in hole (36). The plug rod (52) has a downwardly extending straightening part (53) for abutting against the side wall of the container (3) to limit the container (3) to the lower side of the lifting drive (5).

10. The acid washing and recovery device for silicon in waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 9, characterized in that, The two ends of the stop bar (6) are connected to the frame (1) through a bending section (61), which extends away from the material container (3) to avoid the connecting part (35).

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