Uniform distributor for preheating blast furnace injected pulverized coal

Abstract

The uniform distributor comprises a shell, an inlet and an outlet are formed in the shell, a diffusion assembly, a flow dividing assembly, a turbulent flow assembly and a uniform distribution assembly are sequentially arranged in the shell, and the diffusion assembly is used for conducting diffusion treatment on pulverized coal conveyed by the inlet so that the pulverized coal can flow to the flow dividing assembly; the shunting assembly is used for shunting the pulverized coal, so that the pulverized coal flows to the turbulent flow assembly; the turbulence assembly is used for performing turbulence treatment on the pulverized coal, so that the pulverized coal flows to the equipartition assembly; and the equipartition assembly is used for carrying out pressure-equalizing distribution treatment on the pulverized coal. According to the invention, the diffusion assembly, the shunting assembly, the turbulence assembly and the equipartition assembly are respectively used for carrying out orderly diffusion, shunting, turbulence and pressure equalizing treatment on the pulverized coal flow, so that the pulverized coal can uniformly enter each preheating pipeline of the pulverized coal preheater when entering the pulverized coal preheater to achieve the optimal preheating effect; and preconditions are created for realizing efficient and stable preheating and blowing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of blast furnace pulverized coal injection technology, specifically relating to a uniform distributor for blast furnace pulverized coal preheating. Background Technology

[0002] In the comprehensive utilization of smelting waste gas and slag in iron and steel enterprises, as well as waste gas and smelting slag in non-ferrous metal enterprises, pulverized coal injection into blast furnaces is often used to replace part of the coke. Pulverized coal injection involves mixing anthracite and bituminous coal, grinding it into powder using a medium-speed mill, loading it into an injection tank, pressurizing and fluidizing it with gas, and then transporting it through pipelines to the tuyeres for combustion in the blast furnace. This process replaces some of the coke in providing physical heat and acting as a reducing agent, thereby reducing the coke ratio and lowering the fuel cost per ton of iron. Currently, pulverized coal injection into blast furnaces has become the most effective measure for enterprises to save energy, increase production, and improve smelting processes. As the pulverized coal injection rate increases, the reduction in coke ratio becomes significantly less pronounced after the pulverized coal injection ratio reaches a certain limit. This is primarily because the injected pulverized coal cannot be completely burned before the tuyeres. Unburned pulverized coal is carried out of the swirling zone by the rising gas and adheres to the slag in the slag formation zone, increasing the viscosity of the initial slag, worsening the permeability of the blast furnace column, hindering smooth blast furnace operation, and even causing some carbon particles to be carried out of the furnace and wasted. Therefore, increasing the pulverized coal temperature is one of the important means to promote rapid and complete combustion of pulverized coal after injection.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN218763502U discloses a pulverized coal preheating and injection device for a pulverized coal boiler, including a pulverized coal injection tank. A feed pipe is fixedly installed at the top of the injection tank, and a control valve is fixedly installed on the feed pipe. A pulverized coal conveying pipe is fixedly installed at the bottom of the injection tank. A preheating assembly is installed on the outside of the conveying pipe. The preheating assembly includes a preheating cylinder, an insulation layer, and a heating coil. The preheating cylinder is sleeved on the conveying pipe, the insulation layer is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the preheating cylinder, and the heating coil is fixedly installed inside the preheating cylinder and sleeved on the conveying pipe. This invention can fully preheat the pulverized coal to the appropriate temperature, thereby improving the utilization rate of the pulverized coal.

[0004] Existing pulverized coal injection preheating equipment mainly distributes pulverized coal by using airflow to move the coal powder. However, it lacks a distributor design, resulting in poor coal powder distribution. In some pipes of the preheater, too little pulverized coal passes through, while in others, pulverized coal accumulates or even blocks the pipes. More seriously, the pulverized coal flow may form a flow "short circuit" within the preheater, concentrating only through a few pipes. This prevents most of the pulverized coal from being fully preheated, ultimately affecting the stability of blast furnace injection and the utilization rate of pulverized coal. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a uniform distributor for pulverized coal preheating in blast furnaces, which solves the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a uniform distributor for pulverized coal preheating in a blast furnace, comprising a shell, an inlet and an outlet, and inside the shell sequentially arranged a diffusion component, a flow-dividing component, a turbulence component and a uniform distribution component. The diffusion component is used to diffuse the pulverized coal conveyed at the inlet, causing the pulverized coal to flow towards the flow-dividing component; the flow-dividing component is used to divide the pulverized coal, causing the pulverized coal to flow towards the turbulence component; the turbulence component is used to turbulentize the pulverized coal, causing the pulverized coal to flow towards the uniform distribution component; the uniform distribution component is used to perform pressure equalization distribution of the pulverized coal, so that the pulverized coal flows uniformly to the pulverized coal preheater through the outlet.

[0007] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the diffusion assembly includes an upper diffusion cone and a diffusion support. The upper diffusion cone is mounted on the diffusion support, with the tip of the upper diffusion cone facing the inlet. The diffusion support is connected to the inner wall of the housing.

[0008] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the diffusion assembly further includes a lower diffusion cone, which is disposed at the bottom of the upper diffusion cone, and the tip of the lower diffusion cone faces the outlet.

[0009] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the diversion assembly includes a first diversion ring, a second diversion ring, and a diversion bracket. Both the first and second diversion rings are connected to the diversion bracket. The first diversion ring is located outside the second diversion ring. A first diversion channel is provided between the first and second diversion rings. The diversion bracket is connected to the inner wall of the housing.

[0010] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the diversion component further includes a third diversion ring, which is disposed inside the second diversion ring. A second diversion channel is provided between the second diversion ring and the third diversion ring, and a third diversion channel is provided inside the third diversion ring.

[0011] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the diversion component further includes a fourth diversion ring, which is disposed inside the first diversion ring, and a fourth diversion channel is provided between the fourth diversion ring and the first diversion ring.

[0012] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the cross-sections of the first diversion ring, the second diversion ring, the third diversion ring, and the fourth diversion ring are all triangular, and the dimensions of the first diversion channel, the second diversion channel, the third diversion channel, and the fourth diversion channel gradually decrease.

[0013] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the first diversion ring, the second diversion ring, the third diversion ring and the fourth diversion ring have different heights at their tips facing the inlet, so as to form a staggered structure.

[0014] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the turbulence component includes a turbulence support and multiple turbulence plates. The turbulence support is connected to the inner wall of the housing, and the multiple turbulence plates are all disposed on the turbulence support.

[0015] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the turbulence plate includes a twisted plate body, and the middle part of the twisted plate body is connected to the turbulence support.

[0016] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the equal distribution component includes an equal distribution support and multiple rows of equal distribution body groups. Each equal distribution body group is connected to the equal distribution support, and each equal distribution body group includes multiple equal distribution bodies. An equal distribution channel is provided between two adjacent equal distribution bodies in each equal distribution body group.

[0017] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the equal parts of two adjacent equal parts groups are staggered.

[0018] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the equally divided body includes an upper vertebral body and a lower vertebral body, the upper vertebral body and the lower vertebral body are connected to each other, and the tips of the upper vertebral body and the lower vertebral body are far apart from each other.

[0019] As an optional embodiment of the above technical solution, the inlet of the shell is provided with an inlet flange, and the outlet of the shell is provided with an outlet flange.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes diffusion components, flow splitting components, turbulence components, and pressure equalization components to perform orderly diffusion, flow splitting, turbulence, and pressure equalization treatment on the pulverized coal flow, ensuring that the pulverized coal can uniformly enter each preheating pipe of the pulverized coal preheater when it enters the pulverized coal preheater, achieving the best preheating effect and creating the preconditions for achieving efficient and stable preheating and injection. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a distributor in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the twisted sheet in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the equal distribution component in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the evenly divided body in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1-shell; 2-diffusion assembly; 3-flow splitting assembly; 4-turbulence assembly; 5-uniform flow distribution assembly; 11-Inlet flange; 12-Outlet flange; 21-Upper diffusion cone; 22-Diffusion support; 23-Lower diffusion cone; 31-First diversion ring; 32-Second diversion ring; 33-Diversion bracket; 34-Third diversion ring; 35-Fourth diversion ring; 41-Turbulent flow support; 42-Turbulent flow plate; 43-Twisted plate body; 51-Equally distributed support; 52-Equally distributed body; 53-Upper vertebral body; 54-Lower vertebral body. Detailed Implementation

[0023] like Figures 1-4 As shown, this embodiment provides a uniform distributor for pulverized coal preheating in a blast furnace, including a shell 1. The shell 1 has an inlet and an outlet. Inside the shell 1, a diffusion component 2, a flow-diverting component 3, a turbulence component 4, and a uniform distribution component 5 are arranged sequentially. The diffusion component 2 is used to diffuse the pulverized coal conveyed at the inlet, causing the pulverized coal to flow to the flow-diverting component 3. The flow-diverting component 3 is used to divert the pulverized coal, causing the pulverized coal to flow to the turbulence component 4. The turbulence component 4 is used to turbulentize the pulverized coal, causing the pulverized coal to flow to the uniform distribution component 5. The uniform distribution component 5 is used to uniformly distribute the pulverized coal, causing the pulverized coal to flow evenly to the pulverized coal preheater through the outlet.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the shell 1 has an inlet flange 11 at its inlet and an outlet flange 12 at its outlet. The inlet flange 11 connects to the main coal powder conveying pipeline, while the outlet flange 12 connects to the inlet of the coal powder preheater. Coal powder is conveyed to the inlet of the shell 1 through the main coal powder conveying pipeline. The diffusion component 2 guides the coal powder from the inlet to the surrounding area of ​​the shell 1, allowing it to diffuse. The flow-dividing component 3 distributes the diffused coal powder into all spaces. The turbulence component 4 creates turbulence in the coal powder flow. The equalization component 5 ensures that the coal powder is evenly distributed into the coal powder preheater, achieving the optimal preheating effect. This invention utilizes the diffusion component 2, flow-dividing component 3, turbulence component 4, and equalization component 5 to perform orderly diffusion, diversion, turbulence, and equalization of the coal powder flow, ensuring that the coal powder enters the various preheating pipes of the coal powder preheater evenly, achieving the optimal preheating effect and creating the preconditions for efficient and stable preheating and injection.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the diffusion assembly 2 includes an upper diffusion cone 21 and a diffusion support 22. The upper diffusion cone 21 is mounted on the diffusion support 22, with its tip facing the inlet. The diffusion support 22 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 1. Preferably, the diffusion assembly 2 further includes a lower diffusion cone 23, which is disposed at the bottom of the upper diffusion cone 21, with its tip facing the outlet.

[0026] The diffuser assembly 2 is located closest to the inlet, and its primary task is to alter the initial state of the pulverized coal flow entering the distributor, which is typically a high-speed flow ejected from a narrow pipe. The diffuser assembly 2 includes an upper diffuser cone 21 fixed to the inner wall of the housing 1 by a diffuser support 22. The tip of the upper diffuser cone 21 faces the inlet center, and its conical surface guides the main stream of pulverized coal directly towards the inlet to the periphery of the housing 1, forcing the pulverized coal flow to diffuse outwards, thus initially breaking down its central aggregation and laying the foundation for subsequent uniform distribution. At the bottom of the upper diffuser cone 21, a lower diffuser cone 23 with its tip facing downstream is also provided to guide the diffused pulverized coal flow back to the central region for appropriate recirculation, optimizing the flow field distribution.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, in one specific embodiment, the diversion assembly 3 includes a first diversion ring 31, a second diversion ring 32, and a diversion bracket 33. Both the first and second diversion rings 31 and 32 are connected to the diversion bracket 33. The first diversion ring 31 is disposed outside the second diversion ring 32, and a first diversion channel is provided between the first and second diversion rings 31 and 32. The diversion bracket 33 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 1. The diversion assembly 3 also includes a third diversion ring 34, which is disposed inside the second diversion ring 32. A second diversion channel is provided between the second and third diversion rings 32, and a third diversion channel is provided inside the third diversion ring 34. The diversion assembly 3 further includes a fourth diversion ring 35, which is disposed inside the first diversion ring 31, and a fourth diversion channel is provided between the fourth diversion ring 35 and the first diversion ring 31.

[0028] Preferably, the cross-sections of the first diversion ring 31, the second diversion ring 32, the third diversion ring 34, and the fourth diversion ring 35 are all triangular, and the dimensions of the first diversion channel, the second diversion channel, the third diversion channel, and the fourth diversion channel gradually decrease. The tips of the first diversion ring 31, the second diversion ring 32, the third diversion ring 34, and the fourth diversion ring 35 facing the inlet are at different heights to form a staggered structure.

[0029] The diversion assembly 3 is used to receive the pulverized coal diffused by the diffusion assembly 2. The diversion assembly 3 includes four coaxially arranged diversion rings fixed by a diversion support 33. The four diversion rings have a triangular cross-sectional shape, with their apexes facing upstream. Specifically, the four diversion rings include a fourth diversion ring 35, a first diversion ring 31, a second diversion ring 32, and a third diversion ring 34 nested sequentially from the outside in. The heights of the four diversion rings are not completely uniform, forming a staggered layout to facilitate diversion. Ring-shaped diversion channels are formed between the diversion rings. For example, a first diversion channel is formed between the first diversion ring 31 and the second diversion ring 32; a second diversion channel is formed between the second diversion ring 32 and the third diversion ring 34; a third diversion channel is provided inside the third diversion ring 34; and a fourth diversion channel is formed between the fourth diversion ring 35 and the first diversion ring 31. The flow area of ​​these diversion channels gradually decreases along the direction of pulverized coal flow. When the pulverized coal flow encounters this distribution ring, it is forcibly "cut" and redistributed by its wedge structure. Part of the flow flows along the outer wall of the ring, while the other part passes through the channels between the rings. The staggered structure and the gradually changing channel dimensions force the pulverized coal flow to be recombined and divided, achieving an orderly distribution of the pulverized coal flow and effectively avoiding dead zones or short circuits.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, the turbulence assembly 4 includes a turbulence support 41 and a plurality of turbulence plates 42. The turbulence support 41 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 1, and the plurality of turbulence plates 42 are all disposed on the turbulence support 41. Figure 2 As shown, preferably, the turbulence plate 42 includes a twisted plate body 43, the middle of which is connected to the turbulence support 41. The pulverized coal flow after being diverted then enters the turbulence assembly 4 for further turbulence treatment. The turbulence assembly 4 includes a turbulence support 41 fixed to the inner wall of the housing 1 and multiple turbulence plates 42 mounted on the turbulence support 41. Each turbulence plate 42 is designed as a twisted plate shape. When the pulverized coal flow passes through these twisted plates 43, the flow direction is continuously changed, generating numerous vortices and lateral flows within the flow, forming a strong turbulent state. This process greatly enhances the momentum exchange and mixing between pulverized coal particles and the carrier gas, as well as between the pulverized coal particles themselves, making the spatially diverted pulverized coal flow more uniform in concentration and velocity, breaking down any potential local agglomeration or concentration stratification.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, in one specific embodiment, the equalizing component 5 includes an equalizing support 51 and multiple rows of equalizing body groups. Each equalizing body group is connected to the equalizing support 51, and each equalizing body group includes multiple equalizing bodies 52. An equalizing channel is provided between adjacent equalizing bodies 52 in each equalizing body group. Preferably, the equalizing bodies 52 of adjacent equalizing body groups are staggered. Figure 4As shown, the equally divided body 52 includes an upper vertebral body 53 and a lower vertebral body 54, which are connected to each other, and the tips of the upper vertebral body 53 and the lower vertebral body 54 are far apart from each other.

[0032] The pulverized coal flow, after undergoing turbulence treatment, then enters the equalization component 5 for further equalization. The main function of this component 5 is to stabilize the airflow after strong turbulence mixing and ensure uniform pressure distribution, thus preparing it for entry into the subsequent uniform cross-section preheating pipe. The equalization component 5 includes an equalization support 51 and multiple rows of equalization body groups mounted on the support. Each row contains multiple equalization bodies 52 arranged side-by-side, with adjacent equalization bodies 52 forming equalization channels for airflow. Furthermore, adjacent rows of equalization bodies 52 are staggered in axial projection, rather than aligned linearly, to improve the equalization effect of the pulverized coal.

[0033] In this embodiment, each equalizer 52 consists of two back-to-back connected cones, namely an upper cone 53 and a lower cone 54, with their tips facing upstream and downstream, respectively. This structure allows the airflow to first undergo a slight contraction and acceleration process, followed by a gentle expansion and deceleration process, which helps to stabilize the airflow and equalize the static pressure. The multi-row staggered arrangement effectively manages and equalizes the airflow, ensuring that the pulverized coal airflow exiting the distributor outlet has a uniform concentration distribution and consistent pressure across the entire outlet cross-section, enabling it to be smoothly and equally distributed to the various preheating pipes of the pulverized coal preheater.

[0034] In the operation of the uniform distributor of this invention, a high-speed airflow carrying pulverized coal enters the shell 1 through the inlet. First, it is dispersed by the diffuser component 2, evenly distributing the airflow to the inner periphery of the shell 1. Next, the flow-dividing component 3 spatially redistributes the airflow, ensuring full utilization of the entire flow cross-section. Then, the turbulence component 4 creates turbulence in the pulverized coal, eliminating concentration gradients. Finally, the uniform distribution component 5 rectifyes and equalizes the airflow, outputting a uniformly stable flow of pulverized coal to the pulverized coal preheater. Through this series of processes, the pulverized coal enters evenly into each preheating pipe of the pulverized coal preheater, ensuring sufficient preheating and improving the stability of blast furnace injection and the utilization rate of pulverized coal.

[0035] Compared with existing technologies, the distributor in this embodiment achieves a systematic improvement, progressing step by step from spatial distribution and enhanced mixing to pressure equalization. It fundamentally solves the problems of uneven coal powder distribution and flow short-circuiting. By adopting structures such as diffusion component 2, flow splitting component 3, turbulence component 4, and equalization component 5, it effectively regulates the complex gas-solid two-phase flow, ensuring the uniformity of coal powder distribution entering the coal powder preheater. This provides a reliable guarantee for improving the consistency of coal powder preheating temperature, promoting complete combustion before the tuyeres, and reducing the proportion of unburned coal powder. It is of practical significance for maintaining the long-term stable operation of the blast furnace and improving the economic benefits of coal injection.

[0036] In the description of this invention, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. They can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can be mechanical or electrical connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this invention. Furthermore, the specific features and structures described in the embodiments are included in at least one implementation method. Those skilled in the art can combine features from different implementation methods without contradiction. The scope of protection of this invention is not limited to the specific implementation methods described above. Based on the basic technical concept of this invention, implementation methods that can be conceived by those skilled in the art without creative effort are all within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A uniform distributor for preheating of pulverized coal injection into a blast furnace, characterized in that, The application relates to a coal powder preheater, which comprises a shell (1) provided with an inlet and an outlet, and a diffusion assembly (2), a shunt assembly (3), a turbulent flow assembly (4) and an equal distribution assembly (5) arranged in the shell (1) in sequence.

2. The uniform distributor for preheating of pulverized coal injection into a blast furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diffusion assembly (2) comprises an upper diffusion cone (21) and a diffusion support (22), the upper diffusion cone (21) is arranged on the diffusion support (22), the tip of the upper diffusion cone (21) is directed towards the inlet, and the diffusion support (22) is connected with the inner wall of the shell (1); the diffusion assembly (2) further comprises a lower diffusion cone (23), the lower diffusion cone (23) is arranged at the bottom of the upper diffusion cone (21), and the tip of the lower diffusion cone (23) is directed towards the outlet.

3. The uniform distributor for preheating of pulverized coal injection into a blast furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shunt assembly (3) comprises a first shunt ring (31), a second shunt ring (32) and a shunt support (33), the first shunt ring (31) and the second shunt ring (32) are connected with the shunt support (33), the first shunt ring (31) is arranged outside the second shunt ring (32), a first shunt channel is arranged between the first shunt ring (31) and the second shunt ring (32), and the shunt support (33) is connected with the inner wall of the shell (1).

4. The uniform distributor for preheating of pulverized coal injection into a blast furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that, The shunt assembly (3) further comprises a third shunt ring (34), the third shunt ring (34) is arranged inside the second shunt ring (32), a second shunt channel is arranged between the second shunt ring (32) and the third shunt ring (34), and a third shunt channel is arranged inside the third shunt ring (34); the shunt assembly (3) further comprises a fourth shunt ring (35), the fourth shunt ring (35) is arranged inside the first shunt ring (31), and a fourth shunt channel is arranged between the fourth shunt ring (35) and the first shunt ring (31).

5. The uniform distributor for preheating of pulverized coal injection into a blast furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cross sections of the first shunt ring (31), the second shunt ring (32), the third shunt ring (34) and the fourth shunt ring (35) are all triangular, and the sizes of the first shunt channel, the second shunt channel, the third shunt channel and the fourth shunt channel gradually decrease.

6. The uniform distributor for preheating of pulverized coal injection into a blast furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that, The tips of the first shunt ring (31), the second shunt ring (32), the third shunt ring (34) and the fourth shunt ring (35) directed towards the inlet are of different heights, so that a staggered structure is formed.

7. The uniform distributor for preheating of pulverized coal injection into blast furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The turbulent flow assembly (4) comprises a turbulent flow support (41) and a plurality of turbulent flow sheets (42), the turbulent flow support (41) is connected with the inner wall of the shell (1), and the plurality of turbulent flow sheets (42) are arranged on the turbulent flow support (41); the turbulent flow sheet (42) comprises a twisted sheet body (43), and the middle part of the twisted sheet body (43) is connected with the turbulent flow support (41).

8. The uniform distributor for preheating of pulverized coal injection into blast furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The equal division assembly (5) comprises an equal division support (51) and a plurality of equal division body groups, each of which is connected with the equal division support (51), and each of the equal division body groups comprises a plurality of equal division bodies (52), and an equal division channel is arranged between every two adjacent equal division bodies (52) of each equal division body group.

9. The uniform distributor for preheating of pulverized coal injection into a blast furnace according to claim 8, characterized in that, The equal division bodies (52) of adjacent two equal division body groups are arranged in a staggered manner; the equal division body (52) comprises an upper vertebra body (53) and a lower vertebra body (54), the upper vertebra body (53) and the lower vertebra body (54) are connected with each other, and the tip portions of the upper vertebra body (53) and the lower vertebra body (54) are away from each other.

10. The uniform distributor for preheating of pulverized coal injection into blast furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet of the shell (1) is provided with an inlet flange (11), and the outlet of the shell (1) is provided with an outlet flange (12).

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