Multi-element exploration and prediction method for hydrothermal cobalt ore

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-element exploration and prediction method for hydrothermal cobalt ore. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, under the guidance of a regional metallogenic theory, delineating a cobalt ore prospecting prospecting area and a prospecting target area by integrating geological, geophysical prospecting and chemical prospecting data; secondly, performing large-scale geological mapping and remote sensing interpretation in the prospecting target area to identify structure and alteration marks, and delineating geophysical and geochemical exploration anomalies by using high-precision magnetic survey, induced polarization profiles and soil geochemical profiles; then, aiming at a geophysical and geochemical exploration abnormal part, a lithologic interface and a structural development part, utilizing a scribed line investigation sample to quickly position a mineralization favorable part, and utilizing groove exploration to carry out shallow earth surface control; then, the form, scale and resource potential of the deep ore body are verified through drilling engineering; and finally, establishing a prospecting prediction model by taking the target region with the outstanding prospecting effect as a model region, and guiding peripheral prediction. The method has the advantages of being convenient, environmentally friendly, remarkable in prospecting efficiency and the like, the purpose of rapidly recognizing the ore-bearing position of the cobalt ore is achieved, and a good cobalt ore prospecting effect is achieved in the East Kunlun inflator River region.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological exploration technology, and in particular to a multi-element exploration and prediction method for hydrothermal cobalt deposits. Background Technology

[0002] Cobalt is a scarce strategic mineral in my country, with the country being the world's largest consumer, relying on imports for 98% of its reserves, resulting in extremely low self-sufficiency. To ensure national energy security, it is imperative to intensify the exploration and evaluation of strategic minerals with extremely high import dependence, such as cobalt and nickel. Hydrothermal cobalt deposits are one of the main types of cobalt deposits in the East Kunlun metallogenic belt. Research on these deposits is not only of significant theoretical importance but also has important practical value in guiding breakthroughs in mineral exploration. Hydrothermal cobalt deposits are mainly associated minerals with iron, copper, and silver, rarely forming independent cobalt deposits. Due to the multi-stage and complex nature of mineralization, the mineralization characteristics and prospecting indicators of hydrothermal cobalt deposits are currently unclear, and an effective multi-faceted exploration methodology system has not yet been established, resulting in a lack of significant breakthroughs in the exploration of this type of cobalt deposit.

[0003] Therefore, researching a multi-element exploration and prediction method for hydrothermal cobalt deposits has become an urgent problem for those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention discloses a multi-faceted exploration and prediction method for hydrothermal cobalt deposits. Guided by regional metallogenic theory, the present invention utilizes regional metallogenic geological background and regional stream sediment measurement results to delineate prospective areas and target areas for cobalt exploration. Target areas are selected and verified using techniques such as large-scale mapping, high-precision magnetic surveying, induced polarization profiling, soil profiling, remote sensing interpretation, the use of scribing reconnaissance samples, and trenching and drilling engineering to discover cobalt-bearing alteration zones and cobalt ore bodies. Furthermore, mineral exploration prediction work is carried out around these areas based on the "three-in-one" mineralization prediction theory to delineate the predicted mineral exploration area.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A multi-element exploration and prediction method for hydrothermal cobalt deposits includes the following steps: Step 1: Collect regional geological, geophysical, and geochemical data, establish a comprehensive information database, and delineate regional cobalt prospecting areas and cobalt prospecting target areas based on various mineralization indicators such as geological, geophysical, and geochemical anomalies. Step Two: Building upon Step One, firstly, conduct 1 / 25,000 geochemical surveys in the Class A key target area and surrounding areas of the cobalt prospecting target area to narrow down the range of cobalt anomaly sources. Secondly, conduct 1 / 10,000 geological preliminary surveys within the prospecting target area and establish structural and lithological markers by combining 1 / 10,000 remote sensing image features to identify mineralization and alteration zones with obvious silicification, limonite mineralization, and hydrothermal alteration characteristics. Then, use 1 / 10,000 high-precision ground magnetic surveys, 1 / 5,000 magnetic / electric profiles, and 1 / 5,000 soil geochemical profiles for preliminary verification to delineate magnetic / electric anomaly zones and high-value sections with good elemental overlap and obvious concentration centers. Step 3: Based on Step 2, in the high-value section, use the method of engraved reconnaissance sampling to quickly locate the favorable mineral-bearing locations, and use trenching to conduct shallow surface control and delineate the ore body; Step four: Based on step three, conduct deep verification using drilling engineering to determine the morphology, occurrence, and scale of the cobalt ore body at depth, and to comprehensively evaluate its resource potential. Step 5: Based on Step 4, establish a cobalt prospecting prediction model using the target area with outstanding prospecting results as the model area, and carry out prospecting prediction work in its surrounding area.

[0006] Furthermore, the geological data in step one includes: regional mineral maps at scales of 1 / 1,000,000, 1 / 250,000, and 1 / 50,000. Regional geophysical anomalies include: regional 1:1,000,000 aeromagnetic anomalies and 1:50,000 geomagnetic anomalies; the negative magnetic field side of the aeromagnetic magnetic field transformation zone (higher in the south and lower in the north) and the transition zone between positive and negative aeromagnetic anomalies represent the contact zone between intermediate-acidic rocks and ore-forming strata in the region, as well as areas traversed by regional fault structures. This zone is a favorable area for searching for hydrothermal iron and cobalt deposits; the 1:50,000 geomagnetic ΔT profile and contour map show that the magnetic field strength in the north is significantly weaker than in the south, and the high magnetic anomalies exhibit obvious zonation, generally trending northwest. The magnetic anomaly regions extending in a southeast direction, consistent with the regional tectonic distribution, are the key areas of focus; The regional geochemical anomalies are measured at a scale of 1:200,000 in stream sediments, with the characteristic element combination being Cu, V, Co, Ni, and Au; and measured at a scale of 1:50,000 in stream sediments, with the characteristic element combination being Au, Co, Ni, Cu, V, and Zn.

[0007] Furthermore, the principles for delineating prospective mineralization areas in Step 1 are as follows: ① Select areas with abundant known mineralization information and significant mineralization facts; ② Areas with similar or identical mineralization-controlling conditions, ore-bearing strata, and similar combinations of various geological elements and anomalous elements, possessing certain mineralization information, obvious geophysical and geochemical anomalies, and certain mineral exploration potential; ③ A prospective mineralization area is located within the same Class IV metallogenic belt, and different metallogenic types can be classified into the same prospective mineralization area.

[0008] Furthermore, the delineation of cobalt prospecting target areas follows these principles: ① Target areas where relatively high-level exploration work has been conducted on known deposits and mineralization points, but a thorough analysis of previous work indicates inadequacy and potential for further exploration beyond the deposits / points; ② Areas where mineralization bodies or mineralization information have been discovered on the surface through resource evaluation, but systematic control is lacking, especially at depth where engineering verification is not available, and the scale of mineral resources is yet to be determined, or areas where the scale of known points is disproportionate to favorable mineralization conditions and strong geophysical and geochemical anomalies; ③ Areas where, although no obvious mineralization information has been found, the potential for finding small or larger deposits can be identified by analogy with known points based on geological background, mineralization geological conditions, and geophysical and geochemical anomalies, or by applying the theory of mineralization caused by geological anomalies, in areas where geological and geophysical and geochemical anomalies are concentrated; ④ Target areas are not delineated within the scope of existing exploration projects, taking into account the existing project setup.

[0009] Furthermore, the 1 / 25,000 geochemical survey (stream sediment survey) mentioned in step two, based on the technical design, is a systematic medium-scale geochemical survey. Its core lies in discovering and delineating geochemical anomalies through the systematic collection and analysis of fine-grained sediments in the river system. This work is deployed at a density of 1-2 samples per square kilometer. Sampling points should be preferentially located in the middle and upper reaches of first-order tributaries or second-order river systems near the source to accurately control the catchment basin and avoid... Identify obvious sources of anthropogenic pollution. During field sampling, a sufficient amount of fine-grained sediment must be collected from areas with slow-moving water using a multi-point combination method, and the coordinates and geological environment must be recorded in detail. Samples must be naturally air-dried, crushed, and passed through a 20-mesh sieve. The undersize material should be reduced and then ground until all samples pass through an 80-mesh sieve to prepare analytical samples. Analytical indicators must cover key mineralization and indicator elements, mainly including Au, As, Sb, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, W, Sn, Mo, Bi, Cr, Co, Ni, and F, in order to comprehensively capture various mineralization information. Analytical testing must employ high-sensitivity modern instrumentation methods such as ICP-MS, and at least 5% duplicate samples and standard materials must be inserted throughout the process for strict quality control to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the obtained geochemical data, thereby laying a solid foundation for subsequent mineral exploration target delineation and resource potential evaluation. The "A-level key target area and its surrounding area" refers to the area within 5 to 20 kilometers of the boundary of the A-level key target area.

[0010] Furthermore, in step two, the 1 / 10,000 high-precision ground magnetic survey is conducted by setting up a regular survey network with a line spacing of 100 meters and a point spacing of 20 meters or 40 meters, according to the technical design. A high-resolution magnetometer is used to establish a general base point at a stable location outside the work area, and a diurnal variation station is set up within the area for synchronous and continuous observation. In the field, a "base point-diurnal variation station synchronous observation" mode is adopted, using differential GPS for precise point location. The operator keeps the probe stable and away from interference at the measurement point to take readings. After the data is corrected for diurnal variation and normal field (IGRF), the magnetic anomaly (ΔT) is obtained, and the quality is monitored by checking at least 3% of the check points. Finally, a magnetic anomaly area map is compiled, and inferences and interpretations are made in combination with geological data to provide a basis for geological exploration. Step two involves a 1 / 5,000 magnetic profile, which is used to conduct detailed exploration of the 1 / 10,000 high-precision ground magnetic anomaly areas identified in the previous steps. The line spacing is 50 meters, and the point spacing is reduced to 10 or 20 meters. The profile layout must be perpendicular or oblique to the structural and anomaly trends, and should pass through known geological control points as much as possible. Data acquisition uses a magnetometer of the same or higher precision, with a total accuracy requirement of no less than ±1.0 nT. High-precision diurnal variation observations and rigorous topographic measurements are conducted simultaneously. Data processing, after completing diurnal variation correction and normal field correction, often requires fine latitude and topographic correction. Data reliability is ensured through repeated observations at a higher scale and system checks. Finally, a large-scale comprehensive profile map is drawn, which, combined with geological, drilling, and other data, enables accurate location, quantitative inversion, and geological interpretation of magnetic bodies. In step two, the 1 / 5kΩ induced polarization profile detects the differences in polarizability and resistivity of rocks and ores, directly or indirectly searching for cobalt, zinc, copper, and other metallic sulfide deposits within the delineated mineralization alteration zones, geochemical and magnetic anomaly zones in key target areas. The measurement method is as follows: based on the geological task and previous geophysical exploration results, the line spacing is 50 meters, and the point spacing is 10 or 20 meters. The direction of the survey line should be perpendicular to the predicted geological body strike. The work employs a symmetrical four-pole or medium-step, dipole-dipole device, using a high-power power supply system to send a 2-40 second bidirectional pulse current underground, while simultaneously using high-power... The precision receiver synchronously measures parameters such as apparent polarizability and apparent resistivity at each measuring point. During data acquisition, it is essential to ensure proper electrode grounding and strictly monitor the stability of the power supply current. The total mean square relative error of apparent polarizability is kept below ±5% by setting up at least 5% of repeat observation points and conducting system checks. Data processing involves topographic correction and the creation of profiles, contour maps, and comprehensive profiles of apparent polarizability and apparent resistivity. Finally, combined with geological, geochemical, and drilling data, the depth, scale, and properties of the polaribody are inferred and interpreted. The 1 / 5,000 soil profiles mentioned in Step Two are mainly deployed in the central area of ​​the 1:25,000 geochemical anomaly concentration, while also taking into account newly discovered mineralization alteration zones. The method of deployment is as follows: Under the guidance of route geological reconnaissance and on-site analysis, geochemical profile locations are arranged on the topographic map, with the direction perpendicular to the structural line and passing through the anomaly concentration center. At least one profile is deployed for each anomaly. The principle is to traverse the anomaly area. If the geochemical anomaly area is large and its length is too long, profile control is carried out in the anomaly zone or inner zone, but a main profile must traverse the entire anomaly area. Each profile should include the anomaly name, number, purpose of deployment, scale, surveyor, start and end point coordinates, traverse number, azimuth, slope angle, slope distance, stratification record, sample number, occurrence, and profile summary.

[0011] Furthermore, the method of using scribing for reconnaissance in step three specifically involves: selecting lithological interfaces, fracture development areas, and thinly covered negative topographic areas identified in remote sensing images and field surveys within the Class A key target area of ​​the cobalt prospecting target zone; scribing depth of 20-40 cm and width of 20-50 cm; continuous scribing method for sample collection, sample length of 1.5-2.0 meters, sample weight greater than 600 g, and elemental analysis for testing of Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn; and rapidly identifying cobalt-bearing alteration zones based on the test results. In step three, trenching was carried out on the surface and shallow surface to target the cobalt-bearing alteration zone in the reconnaissance samples. The location of the ore-bearing geological body and the mineralization strata were preliminarily determined. Chemical samples were systematically collected for testing and analysis. Co content greater than 0.01% was delineated as mineralization body, greater than 0.02% as low-grade ore body, and greater than 0.03%-0.06% as industrial-grade ore body. Specific methods: Engineering layout is carried out based on surface mineralization clues and field reconnaissance. Typically, sections with an overburden thickness of less than 3 meters that facilitate the exposure of the target body are selected. Trenchings are laid out along the long axis of the geological body or the strike of the strata. In terms of specifications, the trench bottom width must be no less than 0.8 meters, the excavation depth controlled within 3 meters, and it must penetrate 0.3 to 0.5 meters into fresh bedrock to ensure clear observation of the top and bottom boundaries of the mineralized body, the layered contact relationship, and accurate measurement of geological occurrence. Sampling work follows a systematic principle: For chemical analysis samples, continuously grooved samples are arranged at the junction of the trench wall and bottom, with different specifications applied according to the ore type—using a 10 cm × 3 cm cross-section. During sampling, the rock surface must be cleaned, a retaining cloth hung, and operations must be strictly carried out according to a unified orientation and inclination angle to ensure seamless sample connection and weight error controlled within 10% to prevent contamination and loss. Except for the chemical sampling section, rock samples are systematically collected along the entire length of the trench at intervals of 3-5 meters to achieve full-trench geological control.

[0012] Furthermore, in step four, the specific operation process of determining the changes in grade, thickness, and occurrence of deep ore bodies by implementing geological drilling engineering technology is as follows: based on the already delineated ore body range in the shallow part of the surface, and taking into account the occurrence factors of the ore body, boreholes are laid out; the borehole locations are preferentially selected from the surface mineralization enrichment areas, and are accurately located in combination with the occurrence of strata / rock bodies and topographic features. When the dip angle of the ore body is approximately 60°, the design employs inclined holes with angles ranging from 65° to 85° for construction. Specifically, large-diameter directional drilling is used, and the outer diameter of the drill bit at the final borehole must be maintained above 75mm. To ensure reliable deep geological information, the average recovery rate of core samples from the ore body and its top and bottom plates within a 5-meter radius must reach at least 85%. For the surrounding rock, the average recovery rate for each layer must be no less than 80%. During sampling, core samples are taken along the long axis of the core, using a half-parting method based on the degree of mineralization uniformity: one half is submitted as a basic analytical sample for testing, and the other half is retained for verification and research. The sample length is generally 1.0 meter, with a maximum of 1.5 meters and a minimum of 0.4 meters, and sampling should not cross different lithological layers. One to two control samples are collected from the hanging wall and footwall of the mineralized body; for sections not systematically sampled, rock samples are used for supplementary control.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific method for predicting cobalt deposits outside the model area in step five is the integrated information geological unit method. Based on the extracted prediction elements, a prediction model is established, and prediction elements from integrated geological, mineral, geochemical, geophysical, and remote sensing information are superimposed to delineate the area.

[0014] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the existing technology, the multi-dimensional exploration and prediction method for hydrothermal cobalt deposits—a strategically scarce mineral—provides significantly improved exploration efficiency and prediction accuracy through a systematic, multi-scale, and multi-technology-linked step-by-step exploration-prediction system. This method starts with the analysis of regional metallogenic background and regional geophysical and geochemical anomalies, gradually focusing on local anomaly areas. It comprehensively utilizes geological, geochemical, geophysical, and remote sensing methods to achieve rapid and accurate identification of "areas within areas, zones within areas, and locations within zones." Combined with large-scale mapping, high-precision geomagnetic, induced polarization, and soil profiling measurements, it further clarifies shallow mineralization characteristics and tectonic alteration zones. Then, through step-by-step verification via scribed sampling, trenching, and drilling, it achieves efficient control and evaluation from surface anomalies to deep ore bodies. Finally, using target areas with outstanding exploration results as model areas, it employs a comprehensive geological factor overlay method to delineate cobalt exploration prediction areas around them. The entire method has the advantages of clear hierarchy, reasonable combination of technologies, short exploration cycle and controllable cost. It is especially suitable for hydrothermal cobalt exploration in structurally complex areas, which can significantly reduce exploration risks, improve the success rate of mineral exploration, and provide a reliable technical path for the exploration of similar minerals. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a multi-element exploration method for hydrothermal cobalt deposits according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a preferred target area and prospective area for hydrothermal cobalt deposits in the Kunlun metallogenic belt of the Middle East, as shown in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a comprehensive geophysical and mineral resource map of the Donghe area of ​​Mangya River in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 These are chemical sample photographs of the trenching and drilling projects in the No. VII cobalt mineralization zone of the Mangya River East area in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a sketch of the 23MTC06 trench exploration project of the No. VII cobalt mineralization zone in the Mangyahe East area of ​​the present invention, in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the No. VII cobalt mineralization zone 0 exploration line in the Mangyahe East area of ​​the present invention, in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a map showing the prospecting prediction results of the outer periphery of the Mangyahe East Cobalt Mine target area in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] This invention, based on 1:200,000 and 1:50,000 stream sediment survey results, comprehensively analyzes the metallogenic geological background to delineate cobalt prospecting areas and target areas in the East Kunlun metallogenic belt. Combining this with target areas showing good reproducibility of anomalies in elements such as nickel, cobalt, copper, and zinc from 1:25,000 stream sediment survey results, and utilizing 1:10,000 high-precision magnetic surveys, 1:5,000 magnetic profiles, induced polarization profiles, soil profiles, and 1:10,000 geological mapping results, trenching is deployed in favorable prospecting areas to expose and verify mineralization or ore bodies, delineating them. Subsequently, borehole drilling is used for verification, specifically delineating the ore bodies. Finally, cobalt ore prediction work is carried out outside the known areas to delineate the prediction zone. Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the hydrothermal cobalt deposit prediction and exploration process of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1 refer to Figure 1-7 Taking the Mangyahe East of the East Kunlun Mountains as an example, this paper explains the multi-element exploration and prediction method for hydrothermal cobalt deposits of the present invention.

[0021] I. Regional Cobalt Mine Prospect Area Delineation and Target Area Selection First, geological data (latest regional geological and mineral data from the Qinghai Provincial Geological Gazetteer at scales of 1:1,000,000, 1:250,000, and 1:50,000), geophysical data (regional 1:1,000,000 aeromagnetic anomalies and 1:50,000 geomagnetic anomalies), geochemical data (regional 1:200,000 and 1:50,000 stream sediment measurements, and some 1:25,000 stream sediment measurements), and mineral and research data were collected for the Qimantag region of the East Kunlun Mountains. The regional geochemical anomalies are as follows: 1:200,000 stream sediment measurements, with anomaly characteristic combinations of Cu, V, Co, Ni, and Au; 1:50,000 stream sediment measurements, with anomaly characteristic combinations of Au, Co, Ni, Cu, V, and Zn. The mineralization regularity of cobalt deposits in the East Kunlun Mountains was summarized. Following the overall approach of "mineralization conditions + mineralization facts + mineralization elements + mineralization potential," and based on regional 1 / 200,000 cobalt anomalies and 1 / 50,000 Co comprehensive anomalies obtained from 1 / 200,000 and 1 / 50,000 stream sediment measurements, areas with abundant existing mineralization facts, numerous mineralization clues, and certain mineralization potential were selected to delineate hydrothermal cobalt mineralization prospective areas. A total of three prospective areas were delineated. Figure 2 (See Table 1). The principles for delineating prospective mineralization areas are as follows: ① Select areas with abundant known mineralization information and significant mineralization facts. ② Areas with similar or identical mineralization-controlling conditions, ore-bearing strata, and similar combinations of various geological elements and anomalous elements, possessing certain mineralization information, obvious geophysical and geochemical anomalies, and certain mineral exploration potential. ③ A prospective mineralization area located within the same Class IV metallogenic belt can be classified into the same prospective mineralization area.

[0022] Secondly, based on the theories of "similarity-analogy," "metallogenic series," and "geological anomaly-induced mineralization," and combined with various metallogenic indicators such as geology, geophysics, and geochemistry, preliminary delineation of cobalt prospecting target areas was carried out in the East Kunlun metallogenic belt, identifying a total of 5 target areas (Table 1). The delineation of prospecting target areas followed the following principles: ① Prospecting target areas on known deposits or mineralized points where, although relatively high-level exploration work has been carried out, a thorough analysis and study of previous work has shown that the work was inadequate, and there is still prospecting potential outside the deposits (points). ② Areas where mineralized bodies or mineralization information have been discovered on the surface through resource evaluation, but without systematic control, especially without engineering verification at depth, and where the scale of mineral resources has not yet been determined, or areas where the scale of known points is disproportionate to the favorable metallogenic conditions and strong geophysical and geochemical anomalies. ③ Although no obvious mineralization information was found, the similarity-analogy theory was applied, comparing the geological background, metallogenic geological conditions, and geophysical and geochemical anomalies with known points, indicating potential for finding small or larger deposits. Alternatively, the geological anomaly mineralization theory was adopted, targeting areas with concentrated geological, geophysical, and geochemical anomalies. ④ Considering the existing exploration project setup, no further mineralization target areas were designated within the existing exploration project scope. Target areas were classified into three categories: Category A: Excellent metallogenic geological conditions, good mineralization, geophysical, geochemical, and remote sensing information indicating favorable mineralization, sufficient data supporting good prospecting prospects, and some mineralization facts; these areas could be prioritized for verification. Category B: Relatively favorable metallogenic geological conditions, with predictive basis or mineralization clues, and some prospecting potential; these areas could be prioritized for anomaly verification. Category C: Possesses metallogenic conditions, with the possibility of discovering mineralization information; further work may upgrade these areas to Category A or B.

[0023] Table 1. Delineation of Prospective Areas and Target Areas for Hydrothermal Cobalt Ore Formation in the East Kunlun Region

[0024] II. Target Area Reconnaissance and Inspection Based on the cobalt mineralization prospect area and target area optimization map ( Figure 2 The target area east of Mangyahe was selected for verification.

[0025] 1.1 / 2.5 million geochemical anomaly First, within the selected target area and its surroundings (10 km to the west, 20 km to the east, 9 km to the north, and 5 km to the south of the Class A target area, covering a total area of ​​approximately 425 square kilometers; see details for the range). Figure 7The 1:25,000 geochemical survey (stream sediment survey) was carried out. The main analyzed elements are Au, As, Sb, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, W, Sn, Mo, Bi, Cr, Co, Ni and F. A comprehensive anomaly of GA26 Jia 2 Co (NiCuCrAsMoZn) was delineated in the eastern target area of Mangya River. The main element of the anomaly is Co, and the characteristic combined elements are Ni, Cu, Cr, As, Mo, Zn. The comprehensive anomaly is elliptical and extends in the near east-west direction, about 2.9 km long in the east-west direction, about 0.8 - 1.2 km wide in the north-south direction, and the area is about 2.65 km 2 . The anomaly element combination is very complex, and the overlapping and nesting degree of each element anomaly is good. The main element Co anomaly has significant three-level concentration zoning, the enrichment center is obvious, and the anomaly scale and intensity are large. The peak value of Co element is 527×10 -6 , and the average value is 61.2×10 -6 , and the contrast value is 1.53 ( Figure 3 a: Analysis diagram of the comprehensive anomaly of GA26 Jia 2 Co in the eastern Mangya River).

[0026] 2. 1:10,000 geological mapping The 1:10,000 geological mapping work was carried out for this target area. Through systematic field observations, it is a comprehensive basic work to finely查明 the regional geological characteristics. The core method is the combination of "point-line-plane": on the basis of detailed preliminary preparation and remote sensing interpretation, the traverse method is mainly used (the route spacing is 100 - 200 meters), and the tracing method is supplemented for field investigations; high-precision GPS positioning is carried out at each geological observation point (the density is usually 8 - 15 points per square kilometer), and the lithology, structure, and contact relationship are described and recorded in detail. At the same time, various specimens and test samples are systematically collected; finally, through indoor data integration, sample testing and analysis research, the map compilation and report writing are completed. The main technical requirements include: ① Precision requirements, geological bodies with a width greater than 1 mm on the map (10 meters in the field) must be represented, and the positioning error of geological boundaries does not exceed 1 mm on the map; ② Observation and sampling requirements, ensure effective control of geological bodies, and key geological bodies need to have basis such as thin section identification or isotope age; ③ Quality control, strictly implement the daily sorting of original data, three-level inspection and field acceptance system to ensure that all data are objective, accurate and traceable. The final results are a complete system, mainly including: a series of maps such as 1:10,000 geological map, actual materials map, tectonic outline map, etc.; a formal investigation report comprehensively elaborating geological characteristics and evolution; a systematic physical database of rock specimens, thin sections and samples, etc. All the results together constitute the high-precision and verifiable basic geological data of this area.

[0027] Through this work, the strata, structures, and magmatic rocks within the target area were detailedly divided and defined. It objectively reflected the basic pattern of the strata, structures, and magmatic rocks in the mapping area, and obtained relatively systematic and complete first-hand field data. A new tectonic alteration zone trending NW-SE was discovered. The lithology within the zone is cataclastic altered marble, with strong limonitization and silicification, providing a direct basis for subsequent work. The layout of this work was appropriate and achieved remarkable results ( Figure 3 b: 1:10,000 Geological Reconnaissance Map of the Eastern Margin of Mangya River Target Area).

[0028] 3. 1:10,000 High-precision Magnetic Survey According to the technical design, a regular survey network with a line spacing of 100 m and a point spacing of 20 m or 40 m was laid out; a high-resolution magnetometer was used, a total base point was set up at a stable location outside the work area, and a diurnal variation station was set up within the area for synchronous continuous observation; in the field, the "base point - diurnal variation station synchronous observation" mode was adopted, differential GPS was used for precise positioning, and the operator kept the probe stable at the measuring point and away from interference for reading; after the data was corrected for diurnal variation and normal field (IGRF), the magnetic anomaly (ΔT) was obtained, and quality control was carried out through no less than 3% of repeated inspection points; finally, magnetic anomaly regional maps were compiled and interpreted inferentially in combination with geological data to provide a basis for geological exploration; Through the 1:10,000 high-precision magnetic survey in the eastern margin of Mangya River target area, two magnetic anomalies (C7, C8) were delineated. Among them, the C8 magnetic anomaly has a long axis of about 1900 m, a short axis of about 700 m, and an area of about 1.23 Km 2 , showing the characteristics of a low-relief positive magnetic anomaly trending NW-SE in an elliptical shape. The minimum value of △T is -93.5 nT, the maximum value is 479.3 nT, and the △T value gradually decreases and the gradient becomes gentle from the northeast to the southwest. The northwestern and southeastern sides of the anomaly are covered by Quaternary, the volcanic rock formation of Qimantage Group is exposed on the north side, and the clastic rock formation of Qimantage Group is exposed on the south side. The main body of this anomaly is located at the contact part between altered andesitic basalt and siliceous rock, and it fits well with the southern margin of the GA26 Jia 2 Co(NiCuCrAsMoZn) comprehensive anomaly. Among them, clues of cobalt mineralization (pink cobalt bloom) were found within the concentrated center of the Co anomaly, and the ore-bearing lithology is wollastonite tremolite marble. It is confirmed that this anomaly is an ore-induced anomaly caused by a cobalt-bearing ore-bearing tectonic alteration zone.

[0029] After pole transformation, the main body of the anomaly shifts northward and the scope shrinks, the superimposed anomalies are separated, and zonal anomalies appear. Among them, the sub-anomaly C8-1 is about 1700 m long (this sub-anomaly coincides with the discovered Co-bearing mineralized alteration zone), and C8-2 and C8-3 are about 600 m long (unknown nature). After upward continuation of 500 m, this anomaly still exists, indicating that the magnetic body causing the anomaly has a large extension along the dip. The inversion model shows that the magnetic body causing the anomaly has a large scale and extension (depth) ( Figure 3c: High-precision magnetic anomaly map of the Mangyahe East Target Area (1:10,000 scale).

[0030] 4.1 / 10,000 Remote Sensing Interpretation This 1:10,000 remote sensing geological interpretation work has achieved remarkable results. Through systematic interpretation, the distribution pattern of major linear and ring structures in the area, the spatial location of the interfaces of key lithological strata, and the morphology, range, and distribution characteristics of alteration zones related to cobalt mineralization were accurately determined. The obtained remote sensing interpretation results are in high agreement with the subsequent field surveys and geological mapping results, fully demonstrating the accuracy and reliability of the interpretation. These results not only intuitively reveal the spatial correlation of the three-dimensional ore-controlling elements of structure, lithology, and alteration in the study area, but also provide crucial remote sensing evidence and spatial guidance for in-depth analysis of cobalt metallogenic geological conditions, selection of prospecting target areas, and deployment of specific exploration projects. Figure 3 d: Overlay of 1 / 5th of a thousand geomagnetic anomalies with high-precision remote sensing imagery.

[0031] 5.1 / 5 kilomagnetic profile The 1 / 5,000 magnetic profile is used to conduct detailed exploration of the high-precision 1 / 10,000 ground magnetic anomaly areas identified in previous studies. The line spacing is 50 meters, and the point spacing is reduced to 10 or 20 meters. The profile layout must be perpendicular or oblique to the structural and anomaly trends, and should ideally pass through known geological control points. Data acquisition uses magnetometers of the same or higher precision, with a total accuracy requirement typically not less than ±1.0 nT. High-precision diurnal variation observations and rigorous topographic measurements are conducted simultaneously. Data processing, after completing diurnal variation and normal field corrections, often requires fine latitude and topographic corrections. Data reliability is ensured through repeated observations at a higher scale and system checks. Finally, a large-scale comprehensive profile map is drawn, which, combined with geological and drilling data, enables accurate location, quantitative inversion, and geological interpretation of magnetic bodies. After the 1:10,000 high-precision magnetic survey was intensified, the magnetic anomaly characteristics became more obvious, the anomaly amplitude increased, and the gradient became steeper. After the ΔT anomaly was processed by Mag_FRP, the magnetic anomaly shifted 10 meters in the northeast direction. The maximum value of ΔT changed from 190.7 nT at the original 477 point to 230.1 nT at the 478 point. The amplitude and width increased, and the curve shape changed from the original positive and negative associated magnetic anomaly to a positive magnetic anomaly. This indicates that the magnetic geological body causing the magnetic anomaly has a certain extension at depth. The upward extension calculation results also confirm this conclusion. After extending the polarization upwards by 50 meters (Mag_FRP_FUC50), the anomalous amplitude decreases, the gradient becomes gentler, the curve becomes smoother, and the anomalous characteristics are obvious, with the ΔT value at point 478 being approximately 100 nT; when extending upwards by 100 meters, the anomalous characteristics are still obvious, with the ΔT value at point 478 being approximately 70 nT; after extending upwards by 200 meters, the ΔT value at point 478 is approximately 55 nT; after extending upwards by 300 meters, 400 meters, and 500 meters, the ΔT value at point 478 is 45 nT, showing almost no change, and the anomalous characteristics are still displayed. Figure 3 d: Overlay of 1 / 5th of a thousand geomagnetic anomalies with high-precision remote sensing imagery.

[0032] 6.1 / 5kΩ induced polarization profile The 1 / 5th thousand induced polarization (IP) profile is constructed by detecting the differences in polarizability and resistivity of rocks and minerals. IPI profiles are created at locations where cobalt mineralization clues are found on the surface of the target area. The construction method is as follows: based on the geological task and previous geophysical exploration results, the line spacing is 50 meters, and the point spacing is 10 or 20 meters. The direction of the survey line should be perpendicular to the predicted geological body strike. A symmetrical four-pole or medium-step, dipole-dipole device is used. A high-power power supply system transmits a 2-40 second bidirectional pulse current underground, while a high-precision receiver simultaneously measures the apparent polarizability, apparent resistivity, and other parameters at each measuring point. During data acquisition, it is essential to ensure good electrode grounding and strictly monitor the stability of the power supply current. At least 5% of the observation points are used for repeated observations, and system checks are conducted to ensure that the total mean square relative error of the apparent polarizability is less than ±5%. Data processing includes topographic correction, and the creation of profiles, contour maps, and comprehensive profiles for apparent polarizability and apparent resistivity. Finally, combined with geological, geochemical, and drilling data, the depth, scale, and properties of the polarimetric body are inferred and interpreted. Induced polarization (IP) profiles were constructed at the locations of cobalt mineralization clues found on the surface of the target area. A distinctive IPA anomaly was observed in the 472-482 point range, exhibiting characteristics of "low resistivity and high polarizability." The anomaly is approximately 100 meters wide, with apparent resistivity values ​​ranging from 46.42 m to 151.52 m and apparent polarizability values ​​ranging from 6.33% to 11.76%. The maximum apparent polarizability is located at point 478 (the maximum ΔT after polarization is also located at point 478). This anomaly has a high amplitude, large width, gentle gradient, and smooth curve. It is inferred that the polarimetric body causing this anomaly extends to a certain depth, has a large dip angle, is nearly vertical, and dips southwest. The IPA anomaly zone coincides well with the surface cobalt-bearing alteration zone and the deep-controlled cobalt ore bodies. Figure 3 e: Mangya River East 1 / 5 thousand excitation anomaly).

[0033] 7.1 / 5,000 soil profile measurement The 1 / 5,000 soil profile was established based on the cobalt anomaly concentration centers delineated in the 1 / 25,000 geochemical survey (especially those in the outer or inner-outer zones of the developmental zone), aiming to further narrow down the prospecting target area and pinpoint the anomaly source. In this work, areas with Co anomalies greater than 80 ppm were designated as key areas for further investigation. Figure 3 f: Soil profile of the Heishigou area east of Mangya River (1 / 5,000 scale). Specific methods: The starting and ending points of the profile were precisely located using GPS. A combination of compass orientation and rope distance measurement was used for measurement, and errors were corrected by averaging the measurements taken by the previous and subsequent measuring hands. Geological structures and mineralization / alteration distribution were thoroughly investigated and recorded along the profile lines. Geological bodies wider than 5 meters were accurately represented, while important geological bodies smaller than 5 meters (such as mineralized bodies and tectonic fracture zones) were enlarged. Recording was conducted simultaneously using a field logbook and a measured profile registration form. The registration form systematically recorded data such as traverse number, azimuth, horizontal distance, elevation difference, lithological stratification, and sampling location. The field logbook provided detailed descriptions of rock characteristics, alteration and mineralization phenomena, vein relationships, and structural occurrences, ensuring that the records were objective, detailed, and consistent with the final map (scale 1:2000). Each profile was accompanied by a summary. Sample collection primarily focused on fine rock fragments and fine sand from Layer C. Samples were laid out at 10-meter intervals, using a multi-pit method, excavating at least three pits within a 10-meter radius of each sampling point for combined sampling. In areas with exposed bedrock, rock fragments were used instead of soil samples. Sampling particle size was strictly controlled, selecting samples from under a -10 mesh sieve to over a 60 mesh sieve. All sampling pits were backfilled after sampling to practice green exploration. Sample processing involved drying, crushing, sieving (from -10 to 60 mesh), reducing to 200 grams, and then packaging. Samples were bundled and registered according to regulations, with quality inspection records and photographs maintained throughout the process. The final samples were analyzed for 12 elements: Au, Ag, As, Sb, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Mo, and W. All samples were stored by designated personnel and handed over according to procedures to ensure no samples were discarded and data reliability throughout the process.

[0034] 8. Surface tracing and location of mineralized zones First, for mineralization-favorable areas such as tectonic alteration zones and lithological interfaces preliminarily identified using 1:10,000 geological mapping, 1:10,000 high-precision magnetic surveying, 1:5,000 magnetic profiles, 1:5,000 induced polarization profiles, and 1:10,000 remote sensing imagery, reconnaissance samples were collected using scribe lines. Specifically, samples were collected from lithological interfaces, fault-developed areas, and thinly covered negative topographic areas identified during remote sensing imagery and field reconnaissance. Lines were scribe on cleaned mineralized outcrops, and sampling points were arranged continuously or at uniform intervals. At each point, approximately equal amounts of fresh rock fragments were chiseled using a geological hammer and combined into a single sample. Sampling should span the entire width of the mineralization zone, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the sampling trench were strictly controlled to ensure sample continuity and representativeness. The scribe line depth is 20-40 cm and the width is 20-50 cm. Samples are collected using the continuous scribe line method, with a sample length of 1.5-2.0 meters and a weight greater than 600g. The elements to be analyzed are Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn. Based on the test results, cobalt-containing alteration zones can be quickly identified. The core quality requirements are that the sampling line layout must be objective, continuous, and uniform, the sample trench specifications must be consistent, the sample weight must meet the requirements, and accurate on-site measurement, numbering, and detailed geological recording of the points are required. This method can quickly and effectively locate target bodies, providing a basis for the establishment of subsequent mineral exploration markers and the deployment of trenching projects.

[0035] Secondly, trenching was conducted to expose and verify key locations such as cobalt mineralization clues, important geological boundaries, and structures discovered during surface reconnaissance. The locations of ore-bearing geological bodies and mineralized strata were preliminarily determined, and chemical samples were systematically collected for testing and analysis. Co content greater than 0.01% was delineated as mineralized bodies, greater than 0.02% as low-grade ore bodies, and greater than 0.03%-0.06% as industrial-grade ore bodies. Specific methods: Engineering layout is carried out based on surface mineralization clues and field reconnaissance. Typically, sections with an overburden thickness of less than 3 meters that facilitate the exposure of the target body are selected. Trenchings are laid out along the long axis of the geological body or the strike of the strata. In terms of specifications, the trench bottom width must be no less than 0.8 meters, the excavation depth controlled within 3 meters, and it must penetrate 0.3 to 0.5 meters into fresh bedrock to ensure clear observation of the top and bottom boundaries of the mineralized body, the layered contact relationship, and accurate measurement of geological occurrence. Sampling work follows a systematic principle: For chemical analysis samples, continuously grooved samples are arranged at the junction of the trench wall and bottom, with different specifications applied according to the ore type—using a 10 cm × 3 cm cross-section. During sampling, the rock surface must be cleaned, a retaining cloth hung, and operations must be strictly carried out according to a unified orientation and inclination angle to ensure seamless sample connection and weight error controlled within 10% to prevent contamination and loss. Except for the chemical sampling section, rock samples are systematically collected along the entire length of the trench at intervals of 3-5 meters to achieve full-trench geological control.

[0036] Through surface trenching, one new cobalt-bearing mineralization zone (numbered VII) was discovered. The mineralization zone extends in a northwest-southeast direction, with marble as the lithology, basalt as the hanging wall, and siliceous clayey slate as the footwall. The zone contains relatively strong malachite, limonite, and cobalt travertine mineralization (see [link to mineralization characteristics]). Figure 4 One high-grade cobalt-nickel-copper-zinc complex ore body was identified within the inner boundary, with an average Co grade of 1.74%, a true thickness of 4.3 m, and a highest single sample grade of 3.97%. Two additional Co mineralization bodies were also discovered, with grades of approximately 0.01%. Figure 4 , 5 The mineral exploration results have been outstanding.

[0037] 9. Deep verification of mineralized zones and ore bodies The specific process of delineating the ore body by implementing geological drilling engineering technology to determine the changes in grade, thickness and occurrence of deep ore bodies is as follows: based on the ore body range that has been delineated in the shallow part of the surface, and taking into account the occurrence factors of the ore body, the boreholes are laid out; the borehole locations are preferentially selected in the surface mineralization enrichment area, and the precise location is made in combination with the occurrence of strata / rock bodies and topographic features. When the dip angle of the ore body is approximately 60°, the design employs inclined holes with angles ranging from 65° to 85° for construction. Specifically, large-diameter directional drilling is used, and the outer diameter of the drill bit at the final borehole must be maintained above 75mm. To ensure reliable deep geological information, the average recovery rate of core samples from the ore body and its top and bottom plates within a 5-meter radius must reach at least 85%. For the surrounding rock, the average recovery rate for each layer must be no less than 80%. During sampling, core samples are taken along the long axis of the core, using a half-parting method based on the degree of mineralization uniformity: one half is submitted as a basic analytical sample for testing, and the other half is retained for verification and research. The sample length is generally 1.0 meter, with a maximum of 1.5 meters and a minimum of 0.4 meters, and sampling should not cross different lithological layers. One to two control samples are collected from the hanging wall and footwall of the mineralized body; for sections not systematically sampled, rock samples are used for supplementary control.

[0038] According to the design plan, in order to verify the deep extension of the cobalt ore bodies delineated by geophysical and geochemical anomalies and surface exposure, the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of deep strata, lithology, structure, alteration, and mineralization were investigated. Drilling verified that the Mangyahe East VII cobalt-bearing mineralization zone extends stably at depth, and the VII-1 cobalt ore body was controlled at depth within the 0 exploration line, with an average Co grade of 0.11% and a true thickness of 9.7m. This work has yielded significant results. Figure 4 , 6 ).

[0039] III. Peripheral Mineral Exploration Forecast A hydrothermal cobalt deposit prediction model was established using the Mangyahe East area as the model region. The model region, covering 5 square kilometers, was used as the outer perimeter for mineral exploration and prediction within a 420 square kilometer area. First, through in-depth research on the geological structure, lithology, mineral resources, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing, and alteration zoning information of the model region (Mangyahe East cobalt deposit), prediction elements were summarized (Table 2) based on a strengthened understanding of metallogenic regularities, and a prediction model was established. On this basis, multi-source information from geological, geophysical, geochemical, and remote sensing sources in the surrounding areas was systematically collected. Information extraction and fusion techniques were used to identify geological anomalies and prospecting indicators similar to known mining areas. Then, using geological metallogenic theory, the metallogenic model of known deposits was "transplanted" and "verified" in the surrounding areas, ultimately delineating a prediction area with certain potential.

[0040] Table 2. Prediction Factors for Hydrothermal Cobalt Deposits in the Mangya River East of the East Kunlun Mountains

[0041] ① Methods and results for delineating the predicted area a. Based on the preferred prediction model for the Mangyahe East region, establish a regional prediction model: The mineralized formation consists of two lithological groups: the lower group is the Qimantag Group clastic rock group composed of silicified marble; the upper group is the Qimantag volcanic rock group composed of altered andesitic basalt. Mineralization and alteration are very intense, with alteration types closely related to cobalt mineralization including silicification, pyrite mineralization, cobalt travertine, and chalcopyrite mineralization.

[0042] Mineral deposits or mineralization points: Information on various mineral resources discovered in previous and current work.

[0043] Structure: NW-SE trending fault structure, ductile shear structure, fractures.

[0044] Geochemical exploration: 1:200,000 cobalt anomaly, 1:50,000 cobalt comprehensive anomaly, 1:25,000 cobalt anomaly.

[0045] Geophysical exploration: 1:50,000 geomagnetic anomaly, local 1:10,000 geomagnetic anomaly.

[0046] Remote sensing: Local remote sensing anomalies at a rate of 1 / 50,000.

[0047] ② Delineation of the prediction area The necessary variables were extracted using the comprehensive geological body factor superposition method based on the working prediction model (Table 3).

[0048] Table 3. Model for Delineating the Prediction Area Using the Overlay Method of Factors East of Mangya River

[0049] After analysis and optimization of the necessary prediction conditions, and with manual revision, two prediction zones were delineated on the eastern periphery of the Mangya River (Ketinghar Prediction Zone and Heishigou Prediction Zone). Both prediction zones are classified as Class A prediction zones. Figure 7 ).

[0050] In summary, based on a comprehensive study of regional geological, geophysical, and geochemical data, the first step was to select promising areas and target zones for cobalt exploration. In key areas, 1:25,000 geochemical surveys were used to initially narrow down the target areas. For target areas with significant exploration potential, 1:10,000 high-precision magnetic surveys, 1:10,000 geological mapping, 1 / 5,000 magnetic profiles, 1 / 5,000 induced polarization profiles, and 1 / 5,000 soil profiles were used to further pinpoint target bodies. This was combined with remote sensing interpretation to identify preliminarily favorable mineralization areas such as tectonic alteration zones and lithological interfaces. The location of cobalt-bearing mineralization zones was quickly located using etched reconnaissance samples. Trenching was then used for surface control, followed by deep drilling for verification, to determine the morphology, occurrence, scale, and resource potential of the cobalt mineralization. Finally, using target areas with outstanding cobalt exploration results as model areas, the elements for mineralization prediction were summarized, and prediction work was carried out in their surrounding areas. The combination of mineral exploration and prediction methods consists of regional data analysis of the Dingyuan scenic area and target area, verification of key target areas (1 / 10,000 geological survey + 1 / 10,000 high-precision magnetic survey + 1 / 5,000 soil profile + 1 / 5,000 magnetic profile + 1 / 5,000 induced polarization profile + remote sensing interpretation + scribed line collection of reconnaissance samples + shallow engineering verification + deep engineering verification) + peripheral prediction.

[0051] The multi-source exploration method and prediction techniques implemented in this invention have achieved a breakthrough in the prospecting of hydrothermal cobalt deposits in the Mangya River East area, and two highly promising prospecting areas have been delineated in its periphery. This indicates that the multi-source exploration and prediction techniques have good prospecting effects in the Qimantag area of ​​the East Kunlun Mountains for finding hydrothermal cobalt deposits related to fault structures. It should be noted that the multi-source exploration and prediction method for a strategically scarce mineral—hydrothermal cobalt deposits—in this invention is not only applicable to the Mangya River East cobalt deposit, but is specifically illustrated using the Qimantag area as an example.

[0052] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0053] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for multivariate exploration and prediction of a hydrothermal cobalt deposit, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step one, the cobalt ore prospecting prospective area and cobalt ore prospecting target area are delineated based on the comprehensive geological, geophysical and geochemical data; Step two, on the basis of step one, first, 1 / 25,000 geochemical survey is carried out in the A class key target area and the periphery of the cobalt ore prospecting target area to narrow the cobalt anomaly source range; second, 1 / 10,000 geological survey is carried out in the cobalt ore prospecting target area, and structural and lithological marks are established in combination with 1 / 10,000 remote sensing image features to identify the mineralization alteration zone with obvious silicification and limonitization hydrothermal alteration characteristics; then, 1 / 10,000 high-precision ground magnetic survey, 1 / 5,000 magnetic / induced polarization profile and 1 / 5,000 soil geochemical profile are used for preliminary verification to delineate the magnetic anomaly / induced polarization anomaly zone and the high value section with good element superposition and obvious concentration center; Step three, on the basis of step two, the high value section is quickly positioned by using the way of line detection sample to locate the favorable part containing ore, and the shallow surface is controlled by using trenching engineering to delineate the ore body; Step four, on the basis of step three, the deep part is verified by using drilling engineering to find out the shape, occurrence and scale of the cobalt ore body in the deep part, and the resource potential is comprehensively evaluated; Step five, on the basis of step four, the target area with outstanding prospecting results is taken as a model area to establish a cobalt ore prospecting prediction model, and the peripheral area is carried out for prospecting prediction.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The geological data in step one includes: regional 1 / 1000,000, 1 / 250,000 and 1 / 50,000 mineral maps; Regional geophysical anomalies include: regional 1 / 1000000 aeromagnetic anomaly, 1 / 50000 geomagnetic anomaly; the negative magnetic field side of regional aeromagnetic south-high north-low magnetic field transformation zone and the positive-negative transition zone of aeromagnetic anomaly are the contact zone of intermediate-acidic rock mass and ore-forming strata and the section through by regional fault structure, which is a favorable section for searching for hydrothermal iron and cobalt mine; on the 1:50000 geomagnetic △T profile plan and plane contour map, the magnetic field intensity in the north is obviously weaker than that in the south, the high magnetic anomaly has obvious zoning, and the overall trend is northwest The magnetic anomaly region with southeast direction consistent with the regional structure distribution direction is the key section. The regional geochemical anomalies are 1 / 200,000 stream sediment survey, and the anomaly characteristic combination elements are Cu, V, Co, Ni and Au; 1 / 50,000 stream sediment survey anomaly, and the anomaly characteristic combination elements are Au, Co, Ni, Cu, V and Zn.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The prospective area division in step one follows the following principles: ①selecting the area with rich known mineralization information and obvious mineralization facts; ②the area with the same or similar ore-controlling conditions, ore-bearing strata, basic similar geological elements and anomaly element combinations, certain mineralization information, obvious geophysical and geochemical anomalies and certain prospecting potential; ③one metallogenic prospective area is located in the same Ⅳ-level metallogenic belt, and different metallogenic types can be classified into the same metallogenic prospective area.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The cobalt ore prospecting target area division follows the following principles: ①the target area with prospecting potential in the periphery of the known deposit or mineralization point, although relatively high degree of exploration work has been carried out, but through careful analysis and research on the previous work, it is considered that the work is not in place; ②the area or known point with the scale not corresponding to the strong geophysical and geochemical anomalies and favorable ore-forming conditions, although the surface has discovered mineralized body or mineralization information, but there is no systematic control, especially no engineering verification in the deep part, and the scale of mineral resources has not been found out; ③although no obvious mineralization information is found, but the similar-analogy theory is used to analogize the known point from the geological background, ore-forming geological conditions and geophysical and geochemical anomalies, and the geological anomaly ore-forming theory is used, and the area with concentrated distribution of geological, geophysical and geochemical anomalies; ④comprehensively considering the setting situation of the existing exploration project, the target area is not divided in the range of the existing exploration project.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The 1 / 2.5 million geochemical survey in step two is a 1 / 2.5 million stream sediment survey, and the analysis elements mainly include Au, As, Sb, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, W, Sn, Mo, Bi, Cr, Co, Ni, and F. The key ore-forming and indicating element combination is Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, As, Mo, and Zn; The A-type key target area and the surrounding area are within 5-20 kilometers from the boundary of the A-type key target area.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The 1 / 10,000 ground high-precision magnetic survey in step two is a regular survey network with a line distance of 100 meters and a point distance of 20 meters or 40 meters according to the technical design; a high-resolution magnetometer is used to set up a total base point at a stable place outside the work area, and a daily variation station is set up inside the area for synchronous continuous observation; in the field, the "base point-daily variation station synchronous observation" mode is used, and the differential GPS is used for accurate positioning; the operator keeps the probe stable and away from interference to read the data; after the daily variation correction and normal field (IGRF) correction, the magnetic anomaly (ΔT) is obtained, and the quality is monitored through no less than 3% of the repeated inspection points; finally, the magnetic anomaly regional map is prepared, and the geological data are combined for inference interpretation to provide a basis for geological exploration; The 1 / 5,000 magnetic method profile in step two is a fine detection of the abnormal area of the 1 / 10,000 ground high-precision magnetic survey in the previous results, with a line distance of 50 meters and a point distance of 10 meters or 20 meters; the profile layout needs to be perpendicular or oblique to the structure and the anomaly direction, and the known geological control points are passed through as much as possible; the same level or higher precision magnetometer is used for data collection, and the total accuracy requirement is usually not less than ±1.0nT; high-precision daily variation observation and strict topographic survey are carried out synchronously; after the daily variation correction and normal field correction, fine latitude and topographic correction is often needed for data processing; through higher proportion of repeated observation and system check to ensure data reliability, finally the large-scale comprehensive profile map is drawn, combined with geological, drilling and other data, to realize the accurate positioning, quantitative inversion and geological interpretation of the magnetic body; The 1 / 5,000 induced polarization profile in step two directly or indirectly finds cobalt, zinc, copper and other metal sulfide deposits in the mineralized alteration zone, geochemical and magnetic anomaly zone delineated in the key target area by detecting the polarization rate and resistivity difference of rocks and minerals; the measurement method is as follows: according to the geological task and the previous geophysical results, the line distance is 50 meters, the point distance is 10 meters or 20 meters, and the measurement line direction should be perpendicular to the predicted geological body direction; the symmetric four-pole or middle gradient, dipole-dipole device is used, a high-power power supply system is used to send a two-way pulse current of 2-40 seconds to the underground, and a high-precision receiver is used to measure the apparent polarization rate, apparent resistivity and other parameters of each measurement point at the same time; during data collection, it is necessary to ensure good electrode grounding and strictly monitor the stability of the power supply current; through the layout of no less than 5% of the repeated observation points and system check, the total mean square relative error of the apparent polarization rate is less than ±5%; the data processing is carried out for topographic correction, and the apparent polarization rate, apparent resistivity profile, contour section and comprehensive profile map are drawn, and finally the depth, scale and properties of the polarization body are inferred and interpreted in combination with geological, geochemical and drilling data. The 1 / 5 km soil profile in step two is mainly arranged in the 1:25,000 geochemical exploration anomaly concentration center in the area, and the newly discovered mineralization alteration zone is also considered; the measurement method is as follows: under the guidance of route geological reconnaissance and on-site analysis, the geochemical profile position is arranged in the topographic map, the abnormal concentration center is crossed, the direction is perpendicular to the structure line, at least one profile is arranged for each anomaly; the principle is to cross the abnormal area, if the geochemical exploration anomaly area is large and the length is too long, the profile control is carried out in the abnormal zone or inner zone, but a main profile must cross the entire abnormal area; each profile should have anomaly name, number, measurement purpose, scale, measurement personnel, start and end point coordinates, traverse number, direction, slope angle, slant distance, stratification record, sample number, occurrence, profile summary.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In step three, the way of taking line detection samples is as follows: the lithological boundary, fault development position and negative terrain position with thin coverage in the A-type key target area of cobalt ore prospecting target area identified in the process of remote sensing image and field reconnaissance are collected; the line depth is 20-40 cm, and the width is 20-50 cm; the sample length is 1.5-2.0 meters, the sample weight is greater than 600g, and the elements for testing and analysis are Co, Ni, Cu and Zn; the cobalt-bearing alteration zone is quickly identified according to the test results; In step three, the trench exploration project is carried out on the cobalt-bearing alteration zone in the surface and shallow surface, the position of the surface ore-bearing geological body and the mineralization horizon are preliminarily determined, and the chemical samples are systematically collected for testing and analysis; the mineralized body is delineated when the Co element content is greater than 0.01%, the low-grade ore body is delineated when the Co element content is greater than 0.02%, and the industrial-grade ore body is delineated when the Co element content is greater than 0.03%-0.06%; The specific method is as follows: based on the surface mineralization clues and field reconnaissance, the engineering is arranged, usually the coverage layer thickness is less than 3 meters, and the section is beneficial to expose the target body, the trench is arranged along the direction perpendicular to the long axis of the geological body or the strike of the rock layer; the engineering specification requires that the trench bottom width is not less than 0.8 meters, the excavation depth is controlled within 3 meters, and the fresh bedrock 0.3 to 0.5 meters is cut in, so as to ensure that the mineralized body top and bottom plate boundary, stratification contact relationship and geological occurrence can be clearly observed and accurately measured. The sampling work follows the system principle: for chemical analysis samples, continuous trench samples are arranged at the junction of trench wall and trench bottom, different specifications are adopted according to ore types-10 cm x 3 cm cross section; the rock surface must be cleaned, the surrounding cloth must be hung, and the operation must be strictly according to the unified direction and inclination, so as to ensure that the sample head and tail are connected, the weight error is controlled within 10%, and the pollution and loss are prevented; in addition to the chemical sampling section, rock specimens are systematically collected along the whole length of the trench at an interval of 3-5 meters, so as to realize the whole trench geological control.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In step four, the changes of the grade, thickness and occurrence of the deep ore body are determined by implementing geological drilling engineering technology. The specific operation process of delineating the ore body is as follows: according to the delineated ore body range in the shallow part of the surface, and considering the ore body occurrence elements, the drilling holes are arranged; the drilling hole position is preferentially selected in the surface mineralization enrichment area, and is accurately positioned in combination with the stratum / rock body occurrence and topographic and geomorphic features. When the ore body dip angle is about 60°, the inclined hole with 65° to 85° is designed for construction, and the specific process selects large-diameter directional drilling, and the outer diameter of the final hole drilling tool should be kept above 75 mm; in order to ensure obtaining reliable deep geological information, the average sampling rate of the rock and ore core within 5 meters of the ore body and its top and bottom plates is required to be above 85%; and for the surrounding rock part, the stratified average sampling rate should be not less than 80%; when sampling, the core is split along the long axis direction of the rock and ore core according to the uniformity of mineralization: one half is used as a basic analysis sample for detection, and the other half is reserved for review and research; the sample length is 1.0 meters in principle, not more than 1.5 meters, and not less than 0.4 meters, and the sampling does not cross different lithologic horizons; 1 to 2 control samples are collected on the upper and lower walls of the mineralized body, and rock samples are used to supplement the control in the section without systematic sampling.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In step five, the specific method for predicting the cobalt ore outside the model area is as follows: comprehensive information geological unit method, according to the extracted prediction elements, a prediction model is established, and the prediction elements in the comprehensive information of geology, mineral resources, geochemical exploration, geophysical exploration and remote sensing are superimposed to delineate.

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