Water-based cleaning agent as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of maintenance of shooting weapons, and particularly discloses a water-based cleaning agent as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The water-based cleaning agent comprises the following raw material components: ethylene glycol, propylene carbonate, n-butyl alcohol, glycerol, a surfactant, a complexing corrosion inhibitor, a pH regulator, a passivating agent, a defoaming agent and deionized water, wherein the surface active agent is prepared from alkyl polyglucoside and cocamidopropyl betaine; the complexing corrosion inhibitor comprises at least two of sodium polyaspartate, phytic acid or phytate. The water-based cleaning agent can be rapidly softened and remove gunpowder residues on the surfaces of gun barrels and related parts under the condition of normal temperature or near normal temperature, high cleanliness is achieved, meanwhile, the water-based cleaning agent has an excellent corrosion inhibition protection effect on a metal matrix, the raw materials of the water-based cleaning agent are degradable, the water-based cleaning agent is environmentally friendly, and the defects of an existing cleaning agent are effectively overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shooting weapon maintenance technology, and in particular to a water-based cleaning agent, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] During the firing process of a firearm, the combustion of propellant produces a large amount of smoke, carbides, some oxides, and unburned organic binders. These substances mix to form firing residues that adhere firmly to the surface of the barrel, rifling, gas chamber, and related parts. These residues are usually black or dark brown and are firmly bonded to the base metal. They not only affect firing accuracy but also accelerate corrosion in humid environments, shortening the service life of the weapon.

[0003] Traditional cleaning methods mainly fall into two categories: physical mechanical wiping and high-temperature alkaline chemical cleaning. Physical mechanical wiping typically uses steel brushes, brass brushes, or specialized mechanical devices to mechanically peel off residues, but it is difficult to completely remove deposits from rifling grooves and pits, and there is a risk of scratching the metal surface. High-temperature alkaline chemical cleaning usually involves soaking or circulating a strong alkaline solution at a high temperature. Although the cleaning effect is good, it has problems such as high energy consumption, alkaline or chemical mist pollution of the working environment, and a tendency to cause brittle damage to high-strength steel and alloy steel parts. There are reports of cleaning agents with polyols, organic amines, ammonium carbonate, nitrites, tetraborates, and nano-inorganic materials as the main components, which achieve chemical removal of gunpowder residues through a combination of strong alkalinity, oxidation, and mechanical wiping. Although these cleaning agents can improve the residue removal efficiency, the formulation contains components such as ammonium carbonate and nitrites, which may pose safety and environmental hazards during use and storage; at the same time, some components are highly volatile, which can be irritating to the working environment and operators, and have limited long-term corrosion protection capabilities for various metal materials.

[0004] There are also reports of a type of energy-saving and environmentally friendly gunpowder residue cleaning agent, whose main components are N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide or ethylenediamine. Although this type of cleaning agent reduces the cleaning temperature and shortens the cleaning time, it uses a variety of organic solvents and complexing agents, some of which are high-boiling-point polar solvents and recalcitrant organic compounds, which are not environmentally friendly enough. At the same time, strong complexing agents and strong oxidizing agents are prone to causing excessive corrosion or pitting of the base metal, which is not conducive to its widespread use.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a water-based cleaning agent that can efficiently remove weapon firing residues at room temperature or near room temperature, provides good protection against a variety of metal materials, and is environmentally friendly and safe to use. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a water-based cleaning agent, its preparation method, and its application. The water-based cleaning agent comprises propylene carbonate, n-butanol, glycerin, a surfactant, a complexing corrosion inhibitor, a regulator, a passivating agent, a defoamer, and deionized water; wherein the surfactant comprises alkyl polyglucoside and cocamidopropyl betaine; and the complexing corrosion inhibitor comprises at least two of sodium polyaspartate, phytic acid, or phytate. The present invention utilizes the synergistic effect of the various raw material components to enable the resulting water-based cleaning agent to rapidly soften and remove gunpowder residue from the surface of gun barrels and related parts at room temperature or near room temperature, achieving high cleanliness while providing excellent corrosion inhibition and protection to the metal substrate.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The first aspect of this invention provides a water-based cleaning agent, comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts ethylene glycol, 5-10 parts propylene carbonate, 10-25 parts n-butanol, 5-15 parts glycerin, 5-15 parts surfactant, 1-5 parts complexing corrosion inhibitor, 1-5 parts pH adjuster, 0.05-1.5 parts passivator, 0.01-0.5 parts defoamer, and 50-60 parts deionized water; The surfactants include alkyl polyglucosides and cocamidopropyl betaine; The complexing corrosion inhibitor includes at least two of sodium polyaspartate, phytic acid, or phytate. The pH of the water-based cleaning agent is 7.5-9.

[0008] Compared to existing technologies, the propylene carbonate in the water-based cleaning agent provided by this invention is a highly polar aprotic solvent with strong solubility, effectively dissolving organic binders and high-viscosity lubricating oils in gunpowder residues. Furthermore, propylene carbonate has low volatility and is safer than ketones and alcohols, being less flammable. However, propylene carbonate has a certain degree of hydrolysis. Therefore, this invention uses ethylene glycol and n-butanol as the main organic treatment solvents to construct a multiphase mixed solvent system of water / polyol / alcohol / propylene carbonate. This reduces the effective activity of water in the system and allows propylene carbonate to preferentially distribute in the organic-rich phase, thereby reducing its direct contact with water under neutral to slightly alkaline conditions, significantly slowing down the hydrolysis rate of propylene carbonate, and improving the storage stability and service life of the formulation. More importantly, ethylene glycol can adjust the overall polarity, water activity, and viscosity of the cleaning solution, and, in conjunction with surfactants, reduce interfacial tension, improving the wetting and penetration of the cleaning solution onto the workpiece surface, making it easier to peel off attached oil stains and carry them away by micelles. Furthermore, ethylene glycol can lower the freezing point of the formulation, improve the storage stability and usability of the cleaning agent under low-temperature conditions, and help mitigate instantaneous corrosion during the cleaning process when used in conjunction with corrosion inhibitors. n-Butanol has moderate lipophilicity and good wetting and penetrating properties, facilitating the cleaning agent's entry into rifling grooves and micro-pits to soften stubborn residues; glycerol increases the system's solubility for inorganic salts and some oxides, and imparts a certain degree of lubrication, making the mechanical scrubbing process smoother. The compound surfactant system formed by alkyl polyglucoside and cocamidopropyl betaine still exhibits excellent wetting, emulsifying, and dispersing abilities under alkaline conditions, effectively stripping and emulsifying softened carbon soot particles, metal powder, and oil stains into suspension.

[0009] Sodium polyaspartate is a biodegradable polycarboxylic acid polymer with good complexing ability for various metal ions such as iron, copper, and lead, which can prevent the redeposition of metal ions during the cleaning process. Phytic acid and its salts have multi-site coordination ability and can form an adsorption film on the metal surface, which plays a role in corrosion inhibition and stabilization of copper and its alloys. The passivating agent can have a good passivation effect on the steel substrate. The synergistic effect of the complexing corrosion inhibitor and the passivating agent can give the water-based cleaning agent good corrosion inhibition ability.

[0010] In this invention, the pH range of the water-based cleaning agent is limited to 7.5-9. On the one hand, the slightly alkaline environment is conducive to the partial saponification and emulsification of grease-like contaminants, which can significantly improve the ability of surfactants to peel and disperse polar oil contaminants such as cutting fluid residues, resins, and organic additives, and has a higher cleaning efficiency compared to neutral systems. On the other hand, this pH range is significantly lower than that of strong alkaline systems, which can effectively inhibit the alkaline-catalyzed ring-opening hydrolysis of propylene carbonate in the aqueous phase and slow down the alcoholysis reaction of propylene carbonate by hydroxyl-containing solvents such as ethylene glycol and n-butanol. This ensures the formulation stability of the cleaning agent during storage and use, while avoiding excessive corrosion or loss of gloss on various metal substrates such as steel, aluminum alloys, copper, and their plating. It is also beneficial to work in synergy with corrosion inhibitor systems to achieve gentle cleaning and short-term protection of workpiece surfaces.

[0011] The cleaning agent provided by this invention achieves good cleaning results at room temperature or near room temperature, without the need for high-temperature heating. It is suitable for use in field support and general maintenance conditions. While ensuring excellent cleaning performance, long-term use has minimal impact on the dimensional accuracy and service life of weapon components. Furthermore, the components used in this invention, such as propylene carbonate, alkyl polyglucoside, sodium polyaspartate, and phytic acid, have good environmental biodegradability, which helps reduce long-term impacts on water and soil, making it environmentally friendly.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of alkyl polyglucoside to cocamidopropyl betaine in the surfactant is 1:(1-2).

[0013] Preferably, the alkyl polyglucoside is a C12-C14 alkyl polyglucoside.

[0014] C12-C14 alkyl polyglucosides have a chain length that is in the optimal range for balancing hydrophobicity and fluidity. They have a good swelling and dispersing effect on organic binders and soot in lubricating oil and gunpowder residues. Furthermore, these alkyl polyglucosides can significantly reduce the surface tension of cleaning agents and improve their wetting and penetration ability on the inner wall of the gun barrel and the rifling grooves, which is beneficial for softening and peeling off firmly attached gunpowder residues and oil stains.

[0015] Preferably, the complexing corrosion inhibitor is sodium polyaspartate, phytic acid and sodium phytate in a mass ratio of 1:1:(0.5-0.8).

[0016] Preferably, the pH adjuster is 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.

[0017] Preferably, the passivating agent is sodium molybdate.

[0018] This invention selects sodium molybdate as an inorganic passivating agent in a water-based cleaning agent. Under alkaline conditions, it can form a molybdenum-containing passivation film on the steel surface, effectively inhibiting corrosion current and reducing the risk of pitting and localized corrosion. Compared with traditional nitrite and chromate corrosion inhibitors, sodium molybdate has lower toxicity and better environmental friendliness. It is not a highly hazardous oxidizing substance and is more suitable for long-term use at weapon maintenance sites. In addition, sodium molybdate has a synergistic effect with sodium polyaspartate, phytic acid, or phytates. On the one hand, it achieves passivation protection of the metal surface; on the other hand, it inhibits the redeposition of metal ions in the complexation solution. Thus, while ensuring efficient removal of gunpowder residue, it significantly reduces corrosion of the barrel and related components during the cleaning process.

[0019] Preferably, the defoamer is a polyether-modified silicone oil defoamer.

[0020] This invention selects polyether-modified silicone oil as the defoamer in a water-based cleaning agent. This type of defoamer combines the advantages of extremely low surface tension of silicone oil and good dispersibility of polyether. Even under conditions of high surfactant content and strong mechanical agitation, it can achieve rapid defoaming and continuous foam suppression, effectively controlling foam height and ensuring the flow and renewal of the cleaning fluid in the gun barrel and rifling grooves. Polyether-modified silicone oil exhibits good dispersibility and stability in alkaline water-based systems, is not prone to oil droplets or stratification, requires a low dosage with minimal impact on the system's wetting and emulsifying properties, and does not significantly adversely affect subsequent rust prevention and surface treatment. This further improves the process applicability and safety of the cleaning agent of this invention. A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the water-based cleaning agent, comprising the following steps: S1. Weigh the raw material components of the complexing corrosion inhibitor and passivator according to the design ratio, dissolve them in part of the deionized water to obtain the first mixture; S2. Weigh propylene carbonate, ethylene glycol, n-butanol and glycerin according to the designed ratio, stir evenly to obtain the second mixture; S3. At 35-45℃, the second mixture is added to the first mixture to obtain the third mixture; S4. Add surfactant and defoamer to the third mixture in sequence, mix well, add the remaining deionized water, add pH adjuster to adjust pH to 7.5-9, filter to obtain water-based cleaning agent.

[0021] Preferably, in S1, the portion of deionized water is 35wt%-45wt% of the total amount of deionized water.

[0022] A third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the water-based cleaning agent in removing weapon firing residue.

[0023] In summary, the water-based cleaning agent provided by this invention utilizes a mixed solvent system of ethylene glycol-propylene carbonate-n-butanol-glycerol-deionized water, combined with surfactants of alkyl polyglucoside and cocamidopropyl betaine. This system rapidly softens and removes gunpowder residue from barrels, rifling, gas chambers, and other parts at room or near-room temperature. Through a complexed corrosion-inhibiting and passivating system of sodium polyaspartate, phytic acid, and sodium molybdate, it achieves multi-metal compatible corrosion inhibition protection for steel, alloy steel, and copper alloys. The water-based cleaning agent provided by this invention does not contain traditional strong oxidizers or high-risk organic solvents, exhibiting good environmental friendliness and safety, making it suitable for routine maintenance and concentrated cleaning of various shooting weapons. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in the following embodiments and comparative examples are commercially available materials.

[0026] The polyether-modified silicone oil defoamer used in the following examples and comparative examples is model DF-2684.

[0027] Example 1 This embodiment provides a water-based cleaning agent and its preparation method, specifically including the following: The water-based cleaning agent comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 18 parts ethylene glycol, 8 parts propylene carbonate, 19 parts n-butanol, 12 parts glycerin, 12 parts surfactant, 3 parts complexing corrosion inhibitor, 5 parts 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 1 part sodium molybdate, 0.2 parts polyether-modified silicone oil defoamer DF-452, and 55 parts deionized water; The surfactant is C13 alkyl polyglucoside and cocamidopropyl betaine in a mass ratio of 1:1.5. The complexing corrosion inhibitor is sodium polyaspartate, phytic acid, and sodium phytate in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.6.

[0028] The preparation method of the water-based cleaning agent includes the following steps: S1. Weigh the raw material components of the complexing corrosion inhibitor and passivator according to the design ratio, and dissolve them in deionized water accounting for 40wt% of the total deionized water mass to obtain the first mixture. S2. Weigh propylene carbonate, n-butanol and glycerol according to the design ratio, stir evenly to obtain the second mixture; S3. At 40°C, the second mixture is added to the first mixture to obtain the third mixture; S4. Add surfactant and defoamer to the third mixture in sequence, mix well, add the remaining deionized water, add pH adjuster to adjust pH to 7.9, filter to obtain water-based cleaning agent.

[0029] The obtained cleaning agent was injected into the barrel and soaked for 5 minutes. Then, it was brushed repeatedly with a brass brush 5 times and wiped with a clean cloth. The test results showed that the black gunpowder residue in the rifling grooves was basically completely removed, exposing the metal color. The visual cleanliness was about 100%. The visual cleanliness was calculated based on the descaling area. The calculation formula was: visual cleanliness = (descaling area / total treated area) × 100%; no obvious corrosion spots were observed.

[0030] Example 2 This embodiment provides a water-based cleaning agent and its preparation method, specifically including the following: The water-based cleaning agent comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 15 parts ethylene glycol, 5 parts propylene carbonate, 20 parts n-butanol, 10 parts glycerin, 12 parts surfactant, 2.5 parts complexing corrosion inhibitor, 3 parts 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 3 parts sodium molybdate, 0.3 parts polyether-modified silicone oil defoamer DF-452, and 60 parts deionized water; The surfactant is C14 alkyl polyglucoside and cocamidopropyl betaine in a mass ratio of 1:1.5. The complexing corrosion inhibitor is sodium polyaspartate, phytic acid, and sodium phytate in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.5.

[0031] The preparation method of the water-based cleaning agent includes the following steps: S1. Weigh the raw material components of the complexing corrosion inhibitor and passivator according to the design ratio, and dissolve them in deionized water accounting for 35wt% of the total deionized water mass to obtain the first mixture. S2. Weigh propylene carbonate, n-butanol and glycerol according to the design ratio, stir evenly to obtain the second mixture; S3. At 42°C, the second mixture is added to the first mixture to obtain the third mixture; S4. Add surfactant and defoamer to the third mixture in sequence, mix well, add the remaining deionized water, add pH adjuster to adjust pH to 8.5, filter to obtain water-based cleaning agent.

[0032] The obtained cleaning agent was injected into the barrel and soaked for 5 minutes. Then, it was brushed repeatedly with a brass brush 5 times and wiped with a clean cloth. The test results showed that the black gunpowder residue in the rifling grooves was basically completely removed, exposing the metal color. The visual cleanliness was about 100%. The visual cleanliness was calculated based on the descaling area. The calculation formula was: visual cleanliness = (descaling area / total treated area) × 100%; no obvious corrosion spots were observed.

[0033] Example 3 This embodiment provides a water-based cleaning agent and its preparation method, specifically including the following: The water-based cleaning agent comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 20 parts ethylene glycol, 10 parts propylene carbonate, 25 parts n-butanol, 10 parts glycerin, 15 parts surfactant, 3 parts complexing corrosion inhibitor, 4 parts 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 1.5 parts sodium molybdate, 0.2 parts polyether-modified silicone oil defoamer DF-452, and 55 parts deionized water; The surfactant is C12 alkyl polyglucoside and cocamidopropyl betaine in a mass ratio of 1:1.5. The complexing corrosion inhibitor is sodium polyaspartate, phytic acid, and sodium phytate in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.6.

[0034] The preparation method of the water-based cleaning agent includes the following steps: S1. Weigh the raw material components of the complexing corrosion inhibitor and passivator according to the design ratio, and dissolve them in deionized water accounting for 40wt% of the total deionized water mass to obtain the first mixture. S2. Weigh propylene carbonate, n-butanol and glycerol according to the design ratio, stir evenly to obtain the second mixture; S3. At 40°C, the second mixture is added to the first mixture to obtain the third mixture; S4. Add surfactant and defoamer to the third mixture in sequence, mix well, add the remaining deionized water, add pH adjuster to adjust pH to 8.2, filter to obtain water-based cleaning agent.

[0035] The cleaning agent was injected into the barrel and soaked for 5 minutes. Then, it was brushed repeatedly with a brass brush 5 times and wiped with a clean cloth. The test results showed that the black gunpowder residue in the rifling grooves was basically completely removed, exposing the metal color. The visual cleanliness was about 100%, and no obvious corrosion spots were observed.

[0036] Example 4 This embodiment provides a water-based cleaning agent and its preparation method, specifically including the following: The water-based cleaning agent comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 16 parts ethylene glycol, 6 parts propylene carbonate, 22 parts n-butanol, 10 parts glycerin, 12 parts surfactant, 3 parts complexing corrosion inhibitor, 5 parts 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 0.8 parts sodium molybdate, 0.2 parts polyether-modified silicone oil defoamer DF-452, and 52 parts deionized water; The surfactant is C13 alkyl polyglucoside and cocamidopropyl betaine in a mass ratio of 1:1. The complexing corrosion inhibitor is sodium polyaspartate, phytic acid, and sodium phytate in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.7.

[0037] The preparation method of the water-based cleaning agent includes the following steps: S1. Weigh the raw material components of the complexing corrosion inhibitor and passivator according to the design ratio, and dissolve them in deionized water accounting for 45wt% of the total deionized water mass to obtain the first mixture. S2. Weigh propylene carbonate, n-butanol and glycerol according to the design ratio, stir evenly to obtain the second mixture; S3. At 40°C, the second mixture is added to the first mixture to obtain the third mixture; S4. Add surfactant and defoamer to the third mixture in sequence, mix well, add the remaining deionized water, add pH adjuster to adjust pH to 8.4, filter to obtain water-based cleaning agent.

[0038] The obtained cleaning agent was injected into the barrel and soaked for 5 minutes. Then, it was brushed repeatedly with a brass brush 5 times and wiped with a clean cloth. The test results showed that the black gunpowder residue in the rifling grooves was basically completely removed, exposing the metal color. The visual cleanliness was about 100%. The visual cleanliness was calculated based on the descaling area. The calculation formula was: visual cleanliness = (descaling area / total treated area) × 100%; no obvious corrosion spots were observed.

[0039] Example 5 This embodiment provides a water-based cleaning agent and its preparation method, specifically including the following: The water-based cleaning agent comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 12 parts ethylene glycol, 5 parts propylene carbonate, 20 parts n-butanol, 15 parts glycerin, 8 parts surfactant, 4 parts complexing corrosion inhibitor, 5 parts 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 0.8 parts sodium molybdate, 0.2 parts polyether-modified silicone oil defoamer DF-452, and 60 parts deionized water; The surfactant is C13 alkyl polyglucoside and cocamidopropyl betaine in a mass ratio of 1:1.5. The complexing corrosion inhibitor is sodium polyaspartate, phytic acid, and sodium phytate in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.8.

[0040] The preparation method of the water-based cleaning agent includes the following steps: S1. Weigh the raw material components of the complexing corrosion inhibitor and passivator according to the design ratio, and dissolve them in deionized water accounting for 45wt% of the total deionized water mass to obtain the first mixture. S2. Weigh propylene carbonate, n-butanol and glycerol according to the design ratio, stir evenly to obtain the second mixture; S3. At 35°C, the second mixture is added to the first mixture to obtain the third mixture; S4. Add surfactant and defoamer to the third mixture in sequence, mix well, add the remaining deionized water, add pH adjuster to adjust pH to 7.6, filter to obtain water-based cleaning agent.

[0041] The obtained cleaning agent was injected into the barrel and soaked for 5 minutes. Then, it was brushed repeatedly with a brass brush 5 times and wiped with a clean cloth. The test results showed that the black gunpowder residue in the rifling grooves was basically completely removed, exposing the metal color. The visual cleanliness was about 100%. The visual cleanliness was calculated based on the descaling area. The calculation formula was: visual cleanliness = (descaling area / total treated area) × 100%; no obvious corrosion spots were observed.

[0042] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a water-based cleaning agent and its preparation method. The difference from Example 1 is that the surfactant is replaced with an equal amount of cocamidopropyl betaine. Other components and processes remain unchanged and will not be described in detail here.

[0043] The obtained cleaning agent was injected into the barrel and soaked for 5 minutes. Then, it was brushed repeatedly with a brass brush 5 times and wiped with a clean cloth. The test results showed that the black gunpowder residue in the rifling grooves was basically completely removed, exposing the metal color. The visual cleanliness was about 80%. The visual cleanliness was calculated based on the descaling area. The calculation formula was: visual cleanliness = (descaling area / total treated area) × 100%; no obvious corrosion spots were observed.

[0044] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a water-based cleaning agent and its preparation method. The difference from Example 1 is that the propylene carbonate is replaced with an equal amount of stearic acid polyoxyethylene ester. Other components and processes remain unchanged and will not be described in detail here.

[0045] The obtained cleaning agent was injected into the barrel, soaked for 5 minutes, and then brushed repeatedly with a brass brush 5 times. After wiping with a clean cloth, the test results showed that the black gunpowder residue in the rifling grooves was basically completely removed, exposing the metal color. The visual cleanliness was about 80%, which was calculated based on the descaling area. The calculation formula was: visual cleanliness = (descaling area / total treated area) × 100%; there were a small number of corrosion spots.

[0046] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides a water-based cleaning agent and its preparation method. The difference from Example 1 is that the n-butanol is replaced with an equal amount of ethylene glycol. Other components and processes remain unchanged and will not be described in detail here.

[0047] The obtained cleaning agent was injected into the barrel and soaked for 5 minutes. Then, it was brushed repeatedly with a brass brush 5 times and wiped with a clean cloth. The test results showed that the black gunpowder residue in the rifling grooves was basically completely removed, exposing the metal color. The visual cleanliness was about 90%. The visual cleanliness was calculated based on the descaling area. The calculation formula was: visual cleanliness = (descaling area / total treated area) × 100%; no obvious corrosion spots were observed.

[0048] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example provides a water-based cleaning agent and its preparation method. The difference from Example 1 is that the complexing corrosion inhibitor is replaced with an equal amount of a mixture of sodium polyaspartate and sodium citrate (mass ratio 1:1). Other components and processes remain unchanged and will not be described in detail here.

[0049] The obtained cleaning agent was injected into the barrel, soaked for 5 minutes, and then brushed repeatedly with a brass brush 5 times. After wiping with a clean cloth, the test results showed that the black gunpowder residue in the rifling grooves was basically completely removed, exposing the metal color. The visual cleanliness was about 85%, which was calculated based on the descaling area. The calculation formula was: visual cleanliness = (descaling area / total treated area) × 100%; there were obvious corrosion spots.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-based cleaning agent, characterized in that, The raw material components include the following parts by weight: 10-20 parts ethylene glycol, 5-10 parts propylene carbonate, 10-25 parts n-butanol, 5-15 parts glycerin, 5-15 parts surfactant, 1-5 parts complexing corrosion inhibitor, 1-5 parts pH adjuster, 0.05-1.5 parts passivator, 0.01-0.5 parts defoamer, and 50-60 parts deionized water; The surfactants include alkyl polyglucosides and cocamidopropyl betaine; The complexing corrosion inhibitor includes at least two of sodium polyaspartate, phytic acid, or phytate. The pH of the water-based cleaning agent is 7.5-9.

2. The water-based cleaning agent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of alkyl polyglucoside to cocamidopropyl betaine in the surfactant is 1:(1-2).

3. The water-based cleaning agent as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The alkyl polyglucosides are C12-C14 alkyl polyglucosides.

4. The water-based cleaning agent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The complexing corrosion inhibitor is sodium polyaspartate, phytic acid, and sodium phytate in a mass ratio of 1:1:(0.5-0.8).

5. The water-based cleaning agent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pH adjuster is 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.

6. The water-based cleaning agent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The passivating agent is sodium molybdate.

7. The water-based cleaning agent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The defoamer is a polyether-modified silicone oil defoamer.

8. A method for preparing a water-based cleaning agent as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Weigh the raw material components of the complexing corrosion inhibitor and passivator according to the design ratio, dissolve them in part of the deionized water to obtain the first mixture; S2. Weigh propylene carbonate, ethylene glycol, n-butanol and glycerin according to the designed ratio, stir evenly to obtain the second mixture; S3. At 35-45℃, the second mixture is added to the first mixture to obtain the third mixture; S4. Add surfactant and defoamer to the third mixture in sequence, mix well, add the remaining deionized water, add pH adjuster to adjust pH to 7.5-9, filter to obtain water-based cleaning agent.

9. The method for preparing the water-based cleaning agent as described in claim 8, characterized in that, In S1, the portion of deionized water is 35wt%-45wt% of the total amount of deionized water.

10. The use of a water-based cleaning agent as described in any one of claims 1-7 in removing weapon firing residue.