Integrated liquefied air energy storage system and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated liquefied air energy storage system and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage. By arranging an air cooling liquefaction storage subsystem, an energy storage stage organic Rankine cycle waste cold utilization subsystem, a liquefied air heating expansion subsystem and an energy release stage organic Rankine cycle waste heat and waste cold utilization subsystem, LNG cold energy and gas turbine exhaust can be subjected to gradient utilization; while the air liquefaction rate and liquefaction rate of the liquefied air energy storage system are improved, the liquefied air energy storage and release system is used for replacing bottom circulation of the gas turbine, so that exhaust waste heat of the gas turbine can be fully utilized, and the system integrating LNG cold energy and exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine is used for replacing a gas turbine combined circulation system; the gas turbine exhaust heat energy in the gas turbine combined cycle is utilized more efficiently, the electric energy output of the system is improved, the system has the functions of power generation, energy storage and waste cold and waste heat utilization at the same time, and the comprehensive performance of traditional gas turbine combined cycle and liquefied air energy storage is expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy storage technology, and relates to the integrated utilization of compressed air energy storage and cold and heat energy, especially to a novel integrated liquefied air energy storage system with high thermodynamic performance and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Liquefied air energy storage (LIFS) is a new type of energy storage technology developed from compressed air energy storage. It features high energy density, high geographical flexibility, high energy capacity flexibility, and relatively simple operation and maintenance. However, traditional LIFS technology has long been used independently, and its technical defects, such as excess heat, insufficient cooling capacity, and low air expansion temperature during the energy release phase, have become increasingly apparent. This not only leads to low thermodynamic performance of the entire energy storage system but also limits the application scenarios of LIFS technology, resulting in insufficient feasible application scenarios and difficulty in meeting market demands.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field to propose a novel liquefied air energy storage system with high thermodynamic performance to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel integrated liquefied air energy storage system with high thermodynamic performance and its applications, addressing the problems existing in the prior art. This energy storage system achieves the coupled and integrated application of LNG cold energy (i.e., the low-temperature cold energy released during the gasification process of liquefied natural gas), gas turbine exhaust heat energy, and ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle). It allows for the cascade utilization of LNG cold energy and gas turbine exhaust heat energy, improving the air liquefaction rate and liquefaction efficiency of the liquefied air energy storage system. Furthermore, by replacing the gas turbine bottom cycle with the liquefied air energy storage system, it can fully utilize the waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust, improving the power output of the gas turbine bottom cycle and the electrical round-trip efficiency of the liquefied air energy storage system. This liquefied air energy storage system can simultaneously possess the functions of energy storage, power generation, and waste cooling and heat utilization, exhibiting superior thermodynamic performance and providing more feasible application scenarios for liquefied air energy storage technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: On one hand, the present invention provides an integrated liquefied air energy storage system, including an air-cooled liquefaction and storage subsystem, an organic Rankine cycle waste heat utilization subsystem for the energy storage stage, a liquefied air heating and expansion subsystem, and an organic Rankine cycle waste heat and waste cold utilization subsystem for the energy release stage, wherein: The air-cooled liquefied storage subsystem includes an LNG cold energy utilization unit, an air compression unit, and an air storage unit. The air compression unit includes a multi-stage air compressor connected in series. The LNG cold energy utilization unit includes an air-cooled heat exchanger that utilizes LNG cold energy. The air-cooled heat exchanger is connected to the front side of the air inlet of any stage of the air compressor. The LNG inlet of each air-cooled heat exchanger is used to connect to an LNG cold source. The air outlet of each air compressor is connected to the air storage unit, which is used to store the liquefied air obtained by cooling with LNG cold energy. The energy storage stage Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) waste cooling utilization subsystem can utilize the residual LNG cold energy of the air-cooled liquefaction storage subsystem. This subsystem includes an ORC pressurization pump, an ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy, an ORC expander, an ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing LNG waste cooling, an NG heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy, and user pipelines. The ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger, the ORC pressurization pump in the energy storage stage, and the ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy in the energy storage stage are connected end to end to form an energy storage ORC. The LNG outlet of each air-cooled heat exchanger in the air-cooled liquefaction storage subsystem is connected in parallel with the LNG outlet of the ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing LNG waste cooling in the energy storage stage, and then connected to the LNG inlet of the NG heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy. The LNG outlet of the NG heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy is connected to the user pipeline. The liquefied air heating and expansion subsystem includes a multi-stage air expander, and an air heating heat exchanger utilizing the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine is installed upstream of the air inlet of any stage of the air expander. The organic Rankine cycle waste heat and waste cooling utilization subsystem in the energy release stage includes a primary energy release ORC and a secondary energy release ORC. The air inlets of the primary release ORC, the secondary release ORC, and the liquefied air heating expansion subsystem are connected in series with the air outlet of the air storage unit.

[0006] In some embodiments, the air compression unit includes a first-stage air compressor, a second-stage air compressor, a third-stage air compressor, a fourth-stage air compressor, and a fifth-stage air compressor, wherein an air cooling heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy is connected in sequence before the first-stage air compressor, the first-stage air compressor, the second-stage air compressor, the third-stage air compressor, the third-stage air compressor, the fourth-stage air compressor, the fourth-stage air compressor, and the fifth-stage air compressor; and the fifth-stage air compressor. The LNG cold energy utilization unit also includes an LNG feed pipe, an LNG pressurization pump and an LNG distributor, wherein the LNG feed pipe is used to connect to the LNG cold source; The air outlet of the five-stage air compressor is also connected to an air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG and is located before the LNG pressurization pump. The air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG and is located before the LNG pressurization pump includes an air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG after the five-stage air compressor and an air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG before the LNG pressurization pump. The outlet of the five-stage air compressor is connected to the inlet of the air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG after the five-stage air compressor. The outlet of the air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG after the five-stage air compressor is connected to the inlet of the air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG before the LNG pressurization pump. The outlet of the air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG before the LNG pressurization pump is connected to the air storage unit. The LNG feed pipe, the LNG pressurization pump, the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the LNG pressurization pump, and the LNG distributor are connected in sequence. The outlet of the LNG distributor is connected to the LNG inlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the first-stage air compressor, the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the second-stage air compressor, the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the third-stage air compressor, the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the fourth-stage air compressor, and the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the fifth-stage air compressor.

[0007] In some embodiments, two sets of air cooling heat exchangers utilizing LNG cold energy are provided before the primary air compressor, namely, air cooling heat exchanger one utilizing LNG cold energy before the primary air compressor and air cooling heat exchanger two utilizing LNG cold energy before the primary air compressor. The LNG inlets of both air cooling heat exchanger one utilizing LNG cold energy before the primary air compressor and air cooling heat exchanger two utilizing LNG cold energy before the primary air compressor are connected to the LNG distributor. The LNG cold energy utilization unit also includes LNG mixer one, and the organic Rankine cycle waste cooling utilization subsystem in the energy storage stage also includes LNG mixer two. The LNG outlets of the air-cooled heat exchangers utilizing LNG cold energy before the second-stage air compressor, the third-stage air compressor, the fourth-stage air compressor, and the fifth-stage air compressor are all connected to the inlet of the first LNG mixer. The outlet of the first LNG mixer is connected to the LNG inlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy after the fifth-stage air compressor. The LNG outlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy after the fifth-stage air compressor is connected to the LNG inlet of the ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing LNG waste cooling in the energy storage stage. The LNG outlet of the ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing LNG waste cooling in the energy storage stage is connected to the inlet of the second LNG mixer. The LNG outlets of the first and second air-cooled heat exchangers utilizing LNG cold energy before the first-stage air compressor are both connected to the inlet of the second LNG mixer. The outlet of the second LNG mixer is connected to the LNG inlet of the NG heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy. The NG heating heat exchanger that utilizes river water heat energy is also connected to a river water inlet pipe for heating NG.

[0008] In some embodiments, the liquefied air heating and expansion subsystem includes a primary air expander, a secondary air expander, a tertiary air expander, a quaternary air expander, and a quintupler. An air heating heat exchanger utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the primary air expander, the air heating heat exchangers utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the primary and secondary air expanders, the air heating heat exchangers utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the secondary and tertiary air expanders, the air heating heat exchangers utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the tertiary and quaternary air expanders, the air heating heat exchangers utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the quaternary and quintuplers, and the air inlet of the quintupler are sequentially connected. The exhaust inlet of the air heater heat exchanger that utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine before the first-stage air expander is connected to the exhaust inlet of the gas turbine and the exhaust inlet of the air heater heat exchanger that utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine before the second-stage air expander is connected to the exhaust inlet of the gas turbine and the exhaust inlet of the gas turbine. The exhaust outlet of the air heater heat exchanger utilizing exhaust heat energy from the gas turbine before the second-stage air expander is connected to the exhaust inlet of the air heater heat exchanger utilizing exhaust heat energy from the gas turbine before the third-stage air expander. The exhaust outlet of the air heater heat exchanger utilizing exhaust heat energy from the gas turbine before the third-stage air expander is connected to the exhaust inlet of the air heater heat exchanger utilizing exhaust heat energy from the gas turbine before the fourth-stage air expander. The exhaust outlet of the air heater heat exchanger utilizing exhaust heat energy from the gas turbine before the fourth-stage air expander is connected to the exhaust inlet of the air heater heat exchanger utilizing exhaust heat energy from the gas turbine before the fifth-stage air expander. The exhaust outlet of the air heater heat exchanger utilizing exhaust heat energy from the gas turbine before the first-stage air expander is connected to the external environment.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first-stage ORC (Organic Refrigerant Regulator) for energy release includes a first-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing the cold energy of liquefied air, a first-stage ORC expander for energy release, a first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing the heat energy of gas turbine exhaust, a first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing the heat energy of five-stage expanded air exhaust, a first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat, and a first-stage ORC working fluid pressurization pump for energy release. The ORC working fluid outlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing the cold energy of liquefied air is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid pressurization pump for energy release. The ORC working fluid outlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid pressurization pump for energy release is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat. The river water heat energy inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat is connected to a river water feed pipe for energy release. First, the outlet of the primary ORC working fluid heat exchanger utilizing river water thermal energy is connected to the external environment; the outlet of the primary ORC working fluid heat exchanger utilizing river water thermal energy is connected to the inlet of the primary ORC working fluid heat exchanger utilizing the exhaust heat energy of the five-stage expanded air; the outlet of the primary ORC working fluid heat exchanger utilizing the exhaust heat energy of the five-stage expanded air is connected to the inlet of the primary ORC working fluid heat exchanger utilizing the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine; the outlet of the primary ORC working fluid heat exchanger utilizing the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine is connected to the inlet of the primary ORC working fluid of the first-stage ORC expander in the energy release stage; and the outlet of the primary ORC working fluid of the first-stage ORC expander in the energy release stage is connected to the inlet of the primary ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy release stage, thereby realizing the circulation path of the primary ORC working fluid. The gas turbine exhaust outlet of the air heating heat exchanger that utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine in front of the five-stage air expander is connected to the gas turbine exhaust inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger that utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, and the gas turbine exhaust outlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger that utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine is connected to the external environment. The energy-releasing secondary ORC includes a secondary ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy-releasing stage, a secondary ORC working fluid pressurization pump in the energy-releasing stage, a secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing the thermal energy of river water, a secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing the thermal energy of the five-stage expansion air exhaust, and a secondary ORC expander in the energy-releasing stage. The ORC working fluid outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy-releasing stage is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the secondary ORC working fluid pressurization pump in the energy-releasing stage. The ORC working fluid outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid pressurization pump in the energy-releasing stage is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing the thermal energy of river water. The river water heating heat exchanger of the secondary ORC working fluid utilizing the thermal energy of river water... The inlet is connected to the second river water feed pipe of the energy release stage. The river water heat energy outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger that utilizes the thermal energy of the river water is connected to the external environment. The ORC working fluid outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger that utilizes the thermal energy of the river water is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger that utilizes the thermal energy of the five-stage expansion air exhaust. The ORC working fluid outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger that utilizes the thermal energy of the five-stage expansion air exhaust is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the secondary ORC expander of the energy release stage. The ORC working fluid outlet of the secondary ORC expander of the energy release stage is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the secondary ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy release stage, so as to realize the circulation path of the secondary ORC working fluid. The air outlet of the five-stage air expander is connected to the air exhaust inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger that utilizes the heat energy from the exhaust of the five-stage expanded air. The air exhaust outlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger that utilizes the heat energy from the exhaust of the five-stage expanded air is connected to the air exhaust inlet of the second-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger that utilizes the heat energy from the exhaust of the five-stage expanded air. The air exhaust outlet of the second-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger that utilizes the heat energy from the exhaust of the five-stage expanded air is connected to the external environment.

[0010] In some embodiments, the waste heat and cold utilization subsystem of the organic Rankine cycle in the energy release stage further includes a liquefied air booster pump and an air heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy before the first-stage air expander; the outlet of the liquefied air storage tank is connected to the air inlet of the liquefied air booster pump, the air outlet of the liquefied air booster pump is connected to the air inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefied heat exchanger utilizing liquefied air cold energy in the energy release stage, the air outlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefied heat exchanger utilizing liquefied air cold energy in the energy release stage is connected to the air inlet of the second-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefied heat exchanger utilizing liquefied air cold energy in the energy release stage, and the second-stage ORC working fluid coolant utilizing liquefied air cold energy in the energy release stage... The air outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the air inlet of the air-heated heat exchanger that utilizes river water heat energy before the first-stage air expander. The river water heat energy inlet of the air-heated heat exchanger that utilizes river water heat energy before the first-stage air expander is connected to a river water feed pipe for heating air during the energy release stage. The river water heat energy outlet of the air-heated heat exchanger that utilizes river water heat energy before the first-stage air expander is connected to the external environment. The air outlet of the air-heated heat exchanger that utilizes river water heat energy before the first-stage air expander is connected to the air inlet of the air-heated heat exchanger that utilizes gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the first-stage air expander. The air outlet of the air-heated heat exchanger that utilizes gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the first-stage air expander is connected to the inlet of the first-stage air expander.

[0011] In some embodiments, the air storage unit includes a liquefied air storage tank.

[0012] In some embodiments, the integrated liquefied air energy storage system further includes an LNG cold source, which includes at least one of an LNG receiving station and an LNG vaporization station, to provide for the air-cooled liquefied storage subsystem.

[0013] In some embodiments, the integrated liquefied air energy storage system further includes a gas turbine exhaust heat energy supply system, which is connected to the liquefied air heating and expansion subsystem to provide external energy to the liquefied air heating and expansion subsystem.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes the application of the integrated liquefied air energy storage system described in any of the above-mentioned claims as an energy utilization system that utilizes the cold energy of LNG and the heat energy of gas turbine exhaust.

[0015] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: This invention presents a novel liquefied air energy storage system integrating LNG cold energy, gas turbine exhaust heat energy, and coupled organic Rankine cycle (ORC). By arranging four subsystems—an air-cooled liquefaction and storage subsystem, an ORC waste heat utilization subsystem for the energy storage stage, a liquefied air heating and expansion subsystem, and an ORC waste heat and cold utilization subsystem for the energy release stage—it achieves tiered utilization of LNG cold energy. Specifically, low-temperature cold energy is used to cool the air in the air compressor room, and higher-temperature cold energy is used for ORC working fluid cooling and liquefaction, thus fully utilizing LNG cold energy. Simultaneously, this invention introduces gas turbine exhaust heat energy to increase the air temperature during the energy release stage and fully utilizes the waste heat from the five-stage expansion air, gas turbine exhaust waste heat, and liquefied air cold energy, improving the electrical output of the liquefied air energy storage system while ensuring superior system thermodynamic performance. Furthermore, this invention provides a new application scenario for liquefied air energy storage: integrating liquefied air energy storage with a gas turbine and applying it to LNG receiving terminals or gasification stations. This effectively utilizes the waste heat and cold energy in this scenario while simultaneously providing power generation and energy storage functions. In this scenario, the liquefied air storage (LNG) system can utilize LNG cold energy and gas turbine exhaust in a cascade manner, improving the air liquefaction rate and liquefaction efficiency of the LNG system. Furthermore, by replacing the gas turbine bottom cycle with an LNG energy storage system, it can fully utilize the waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust, while simultaneously improving the power output of the gas turbine bottom cycle and the electrical round-trip efficiency of the LNG system. In addition, replacing the gas turbine combined cycle system with a system integrating LNG cold energy and gas turbine exhaust heat energy allows for more efficient utilization of the gas turbine exhaust heat energy in the gas turbine combined cycle, increasing the system's electrical output. This system also simultaneously possesses power generation, energy storage, and waste cooling / heat utilization functions, expanding the comprehensive performance of traditional gas turbine combined cycles and LNG energy storage.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: (1) At present, the integrated liquefied air energy storage system with integrated high-temperature external heat sources such as solar energy has poor thermodynamic performance. This invention effectively improves the thermodynamic performance of such integrated systems by introducing LNG cold energy. (2) LNG receiving stations or gasification stations have a large amount of usable waste cooling and gas turbine exhaust has a large amount of usable waste heat. Introducing external cold sources, such as LNG cold energy from LNG receiving stations or gasification stations, can provide sufficient cooling capacity to the liquefied air energy storage system to improve the air liquefaction rate and liquefaction speed. Introducing external heat sources, such as gas turbine exhaust heat energy, can increase the air expansion temperature during the energy release stage to improve the system's electric round-trip efficiency. At the same time, the integrated liquefied air energy storage system that integrates independent liquefied air energy storage systems, gas turbines, and LNG receiving stations or gasification stations can simultaneously have the functions of energy storage, power generation, and waste cooling and waste heat utilization. Moreover, the system has superior thermodynamic performance, providing a feasible application scenario for liquefied air energy storage technology.

[0017] (3) The problem of low efficiency of large-scale LNG cold energy utilization. This invention uses large-scale LNG cold energy to cool liquefied air, which can efficiently utilize large-scale LNG cold energy and provides a reference method for efficient utilization of large-scale LNG cold energy.

[0018] (4) Large and medium-sized combined cycle gas turbines have the problem of high exhaust temperature and low thermal energy utilization efficiency. This invention uses the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine to heat high-pressure air, which can significantly improve the utilization efficiency of the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine. This invention proposes an efficient utilization method for the exhaust heat energy of large and medium-sized gas turbines.

[0019] The integrated system proposed in this invention introduces high-grade LNG cold energy during the air compression liquefaction stage and high-grade gas turbine exhaust heat energy during the air turbine power generation stage (the energy release stage of the liquefied air energy storage system replaces the steam bottom cycle of the gas-steam combined cycle). Its advantages are as follows: ① Using high-grade cold energy to cool liquefied air significantly reduces power consumption during the system's energy storage stage, thus lowering energy storage costs; ② Compared to similar integrated liquefied air energy storage systems, the liquefied air energy storage system integrating LNG cold energy, gas turbine exhaust heat energy, and ORC proposed in this invention simultaneously imparts high-grade heat energy and high-grade pressure energy to the air, achieving efficient utilization of both gas turbine exhaust heat energy and air pressure energy. The system's thermodynamic performance, such as its electric round-trip efficiency, is significantly superior to similar integrated systems; ③ Compared to the steam bottom cycle of the gas-steam combined cycle, the liquefied air energy storage system integrating LNG cold energy, gas turbine exhaust heat energy, and ORC proposed in this invention significantly increases power generation and yields higher power revenue. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated liquefied air energy storage system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure, the attached figures are labeled as follows: 100 - Integrated liquefied air energy storage system; 1-Air feed pipe; 2-Air-cooled heat exchanger one utilizing LNG cold energy before the first-stage air compressor; 3-Air-cooled heat exchanger two utilizing LNG cold energy before the first-stage air compressor; 4-First-stage air compressor; 5-Air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the second-stage air compressor; 6-Second-stage air compressor; 7-Air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the third-stage air compressor; 8-Third-stage air compressor; 9-Air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the fourth-stage air compressor; 10-Fourth-stage air compressor; 11-Air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the fifth-stage air compressor; 12-Fifth-stage air compressor; 13-LNG distributor; 14-LNG mixer one; 15-Fifth-stage air compressor 16 - Air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the LNG pressurization pump; 17 - LNG pressurization pump; 18 - LNG feed pipe; 19 - ORC pressurization pump for energy storage stage; 20 - ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger one utilizing river water heat energy for energy storage stage; 21 - ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger two utilizing river water heat energy for energy storage stage; 22 - River water feed pipe; 23 - ORC expander for energy storage stage; 24 - ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing LNG residual coolness for energy storage stage; 25 - LNG mixer two; 26 - NG heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy; 27 - User pipeline; 28 - River water feed pipeline for heating NG; 29 - Liquefied air; 30 - Liquefied air storage tank; 31-Liquefied air booster pump; 32-First-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy release stage; 33-Second-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy release stage; 34-Air heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy before the first-stage air expander; 35-River water feed pipe for heating air in the energy release stage; 36-Air heating heat exchanger utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the first-stage air expander; 37-Gas turbine exhaust feed pipe one; 38 - First-stage air expander; 39 - Air heat exchanger utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the second-stage air expander; 40 - Gas turbine exhaust feed pipe II; 41 - Second-stage air expander; 42 - Air heat exchanger utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the third-stage air expander; 43 - Third-stage air expander; 44 - Air heat exchanger utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the fourth-stage air expander; 45 - Fourth-stage air expander; 46 - Air heat exchanger utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the fifth-stage air expander. 47-Five-stage air expander; 48-First-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy; 49-First-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger utilizing five-stage expansion air exhaust heat energy; 50-Gas turbine exhaust from the outlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger utilizing five-stage expansion air exhaust heat energy; 51-River water inlet pipe for energy release stage; 52-First-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy; 53-First-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger for energy release stage. C - Working fluid pressurization pump; 54 - First-stage ORC expander for energy release stage; 55 - Second-stage river water inlet pipe for energy release stage; 56 - Second-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy; 57 - Second-stage ORC working fluid pressurization pump for energy release stage; 58 - Second-stage ORC expander for energy release stage; 59 - Second-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing five-stage expansion air exhaust heat energy; 60 - Outlet air exhaust from the second-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing five-stage expansion air exhaust heat energy. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] One objective of this invention is to provide a novel integrated liquefied air energy storage system with high thermodynamic performance to address the problems associated with the independent application of existing liquefied air energy storage systems. This energy storage system achieves the coupled and integrated application of LNG cold energy (i.e., the low-temperature cold energy released during the gasification process of liquefied natural gas), gas turbine exhaust heat energy, and ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle). It allows for the cascade utilization of LNG cold energy and gas turbine exhaust heat energy, improving the air liquefaction rate and liquefaction efficiency of the liquefied air energy storage system. Furthermore, by replacing the gas turbine bottom cycle with the liquefied air energy storage system, it can fully utilize the waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust, improving the power output of the gas turbine bottom cycle and the electrical round-trip efficiency of the liquefied air energy storage system. This liquefied air energy storage system can simultaneously possess the functions of energy storage, power generation, and waste cooling and heat utilization, exhibiting superior thermodynamic performance and providing more feasible application scenarios for liquefied air energy storage technology.

[0025] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] Definitions: LNG is an abbreviation for Liquefied Natural Gas.

[0027] LNG cold energy refers to the low-temperature cold energy released during the gasification process of liquefied natural gas.

[0028] ORC stands for Organic Rankine Cycle.

[0029] NG stands for gaseous natural gas.

[0030] Example 1 This embodiment provides a novel integrated liquefied air energy storage system 100 that integrates LNG cold energy, gas turbine exhaust heat energy, and ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) energy. The system includes an air-cooled liquefaction and storage subsystem, an organic Rankine cycle waste heat utilization subsystem for the energy storage stage, a liquefied air heating and expansion subsystem, and an organic Rankine cycle waste heat and waste cold utilization subsystem for the energy release stage. Wherein: (I) The air-cooled liquefied storage subsystem includes an LNG cold energy utilization unit, an air compression unit, and an air storage unit. The LNG cold energy utilization unit includes an LNG feed pipe 18, an LNG pressurization pump 17, an LNG distributor 13, an LNG mixer 14, air cooling heat exchangers utilizing LNG cold energy located before each stage of the air compressor, and an air cooling heat exchanger 16 utilizing LNG cold energy located before the LNG pressurization pump. The air compression unit includes a multi-stage air compressor, with the aforementioned air cooling heat exchanger located before each stage of the air compressor 4. The air storage unit includes a liquefied air storage tank 30. The air compressor in the air compression unit can have two or more stages, including but not limited to three, four, five, and seven-stage arrangements. Taking a five-stage arrangement as an example... Figure 1 As shown, the first-stage air compressor 4, the second-stage air compressor 6, the third-stage air compressor 8, the fourth-stage air compressor 10, and the fifth-stage air compressor 12 are arranged sequentially from front (left) to back (right).

[0031] like Figure 1As shown, the air cooling heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the first-stage air compressor 4, the first-stage air compressor 4, the air cooling heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the second-stage air compressor 5, the second-stage air compressor 6, the air cooling heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the third-stage air compressor 7, the third-stage air compressor 8, the air cooling heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the fourth-stage air compressor 9, the fourth-stage air compressor 10, the air cooling heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the fifth-stage air compressor 11, the fifth-stage air compressor 12, and the air cooling heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy after the fifth-stage air compressor 15 are connected in sequence. Specifically: the air feed pipe 1 is connected to the inlet of the air cooling heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the first-stage air compressor 4; the outlet of the air cooling heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the first-stage air compressor 4 is connected to the inlet of the first-stage air compressor 4; and the outlet of the first-stage air compressor 4 is connected to the air cooling heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the second-stage air compressor 15. The inlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger 5, which utilizes LNG cold energy, is connected to the air compressor. The outlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger 5, which utilizes LNG cold energy, is connected to the inlet of the air compressor 6. The outlet of the air compressor 6 is connected to the inlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger 7, which utilizes LNG cold energy, is connected to the air compressor 8. The outlet of the air compressor 8 is connected to the inlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger 9, which utilizes LNG cold energy, is connected to the air compressor 10. The outlet of the air compressor 10 is connected to the inlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger 11, which utilizes LNG cold energy, is connected to the air compressor 12. Two air-cooled heat exchangers are arranged from front to back before the LNG pressurization pump 17. These two air-cooled heat exchangers are located after the five-stage air compressor 12 and before the LNG pressurization pump 17. For distinction, the one closer to the five-stage air compressor 12 is defined as the air-cooled heat exchanger 15 utilizing LNG cold energy after the five-stage air compressor, while the one closer to the LNG pressurization pump 17 is defined as the air-cooled heat exchanger 16 utilizing LNG cold energy before the LNG pressurization pump. The outlet of the five-stage air compressor 12 is connected to the inlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger 15 utilizing LNG cold energy after the five-stage air compressor. The outlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger 15 utilizing LNG cold energy after the five-stage air compressor is connected to the inlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger 16 utilizing LNG cold energy before the LNG pressurization pump. The outlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger 16 utilizing LNG cold energy before the LNG pressurization pump is connected to the liquefied air storage tank 30 to transport the liquefied air 29 obtained after multi-stage cooling to the liquefied air storage tank 30 for storage.

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, the LNG feed pipe 18, the LNG pressurization pump 17, the LNG flow channel of the air-cooled heat exchanger 16 that utilizes the cold energy of LNG before the LNG pressurization pump, and the LNG distributor 13 are connected in sequence. The LNG outlet of the LNG distributor 13 is also connected to the LNG inlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger before each stage of the air compressor. The LNG outlets of the air-cooled heat exchangers 11 that utilize the cold energy of LNG before the second, third, fourth, and fifth stage air compressors are all connected to the LNG mixer 14 to transport LNG to the LNG mixer 14.

[0033] The air cooling heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the first-stage air compressor can be installed as a single unit, or two or more units can be installed consecutively. For example... Figure 1 As shown, two sets of air-cooled heat exchangers utilizing LNG cold energy are installed before the first-stage air compressor 4. From front to back, they are air-cooled heat exchanger 1-2 and air-cooled heat exchanger 2-3. The LNG outlets of air-cooled heat exchangers 1-2 and 2-3 are connected in series and then connected to LNG mixer 2-5. The LNG inlets of both air-cooled heat exchangers 1-2 and 2-3 are connected to LNG distributor 13.

[0034] The air-cooled heat exchangers placed before and after the compressor typically operate at atmospheric or low-to-medium pressure, with a wide operating temperature range, but generally higher than ambient temperature. For example, finned-tube air-cooled heat exchangers can achieve efficient heat dissipation. In practical applications, to ensure that the air-cooled liquefaction storage subsystem ultimately outputs qualified liquefied air 29, at least the air-cooled heat exchanger 16 utilizing LNG's cold energy before the LNG pressurization pump can be replaced with an air liquefaction heat exchanger. Air liquefaction heat exchangers can operate at high pressures (up to tens of megapascals) and extremely low temperatures. The remaining air-cooled heat exchangers in this air-cooled liquefaction storage subsystem can be selectively replaced with air liquefaction heat exchangers, for example, partially or completely.

[0035] The aforementioned air-cooled liquefaction and storage subsystem connects the LNG outlet of the LNG distributor 13 to the air cooling heat exchangers before and after the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth stage air compressors 12, greatly reducing the power consumption of the air compressors. Connecting the LNG outlet of the LNG mixer 14 to the fifth-stage compressed air liquefaction heat exchanger further reduces the air temperature. Connecting the LNG outlet of the LNG pressurization pump 17 to the fifth-stage compressed air liquefaction heat exchanger significantly improves the air liquefaction rate.

[0036] (II) The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) waste cooling utilization subsystem in the energy storage stage is mainly used to utilize the waste cold energy of LNG. It includes a river water feed pipe 22, an ORC pressurization pump 19, an ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy, an ORC expander 23, an ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing LNG waste cooling energy 24, an NG heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy 26, and a user pipeline 27, where NG is gaseous natural gas. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the ORC expander 23, the ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger 24 utilizing LNG waste cooling, the ORC pressurization pump 19, and the ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy are connected end to end to form an energy storage ORC. Specifically, the ORC working fluid outlet of the ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy is connected to the inlet of the ORC pressurization pump 19, the outlet of the ORC pressurization pump 19 is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy, the ORC working fluid outlet of the ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy is connected to the inlet of the ORC expander 23, and the outlet of the ORC expander 23 is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy.

[0037] In the aforementioned energy storage ORC, the number of ORC working fluid heating heat exchangers utilizing river water thermal energy during the energy storage phase can be one set, or two or more sets, such as... Figure 1 As shown, this is a structural arrangement with two sets of ORC working fluid heat exchangers continuously installed to utilize river water thermal energy during the energy storage stage. For differentiation, the two sets of ORC working fluid heat exchangers utilizing river water thermal energy during the energy storage stage are preferably arranged sequentially along the working fluid flow circulation direction as ORC working fluid heat exchanger one 20 and ORC working fluid heat exchanger two 21. Both ORC working fluid heat exchanger one 20 and ORC working fluid heat exchanger two 21 have river water inlet pipes 22 connected to their respective river water inlets.

[0038] like Figure 1As shown, the LNG outlet of LNG mixer 14 is connected to the LNG inlet of air-cooled heat exchanger 15, which utilizes LNG cold energy after the five-stage air compressor. The LNG outlet of air-cooled heat exchanger 15, which utilizes LNG cold energy after the five-stage air compressor, is connected to the LNG inlet of ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger 24, which utilizes LNG waste cooling in the energy storage stage. The outlet of ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger 24, which utilizes LNG waste cooling in the energy storage stage, and the LNG outlets of the two sets of air-cooled heat exchangers before the first-stage air compressor 4, which utilize LNG cold energy, are all connected to LNG mixer 25. The outlet of LNG mixer 25 is connected to the inlet of NG heating heat exchanger 26, which utilizes river water heat energy. Based on this, the LNG outlets of the air-cooled heat exchangers before each stage of the air compressor in the air-cooled liquefaction storage subsystem, as well as the LNG outlet of ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger 24, which utilizes LNG waste cooling in the energy storage stage, can be jointly recovered to LNG mixer 25. Afterward, the LNG outlet of LNG mixer 25 is then fed into NG heating heat exchanger 26, which utilizes river water heat energy. The NG heating heat exchanger 26, which utilizes the thermal energy of river water, is connected to a user pipeline 27, which serves as the outlet of the entire system and is used to supply gaseous natural gas to users.

[0039] The NG heating heat exchanger 26, which utilizes river water heat energy, is also connected to a river water feed pipe 28 for heating the NG, so as to provide river water heat energy to the NG heating heat exchanger.

[0040] Based on the above design, this invention realizes the introduction of LNG cold energy in the energy storage stage to cool the air before the inlet of each stage air compressor and to cool and liquefy the air at the outlet of the fifth-stage air compressor 12. The cascade utilization of LNG cold energy significantly reduces the power consumption of air compression. At the same time, by utilizing river water heat energy, LNG surplus cold energy and ORC, the LNG cold energy is fully utilized, the system output power is increased, and gaseous natural gas that meets the conditions for long-distance transportation can be provided.

[0041] The aforementioned organic Rankine cycle residual cold utilization subsystem in the energy storage stage connects the LNG outlet of the air cooling heat exchanger 15, which utilizes LNG cold energy after the five-stage air compressor, to the ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger in the energy storage stage, further utilizing the residual cold energy of LNG. Connecting the river water inlet pipe to the ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger in the energy storage stage, which utilizes thermal energy, increases the power output of the liquefied air energy storage system. Connecting the river water inlet pipe to the NG heating heat exchanger in the energy storage stage, which utilizes thermal energy, increases the NG temperature to meet NG transportation requirements.

[0042] (III) The liquefied air heating and expansion subsystem includes the gas turbine exhaust feed pipe 1 (37), the gas turbine exhaust feed pipe 2 (40), and a multi-stage air expander. The air expander can be configured with three or more stages, such as... Figure 1The diagram shown is an example of the arrangement of the five-stage air expander 47. The first-stage air expander 38, the second-stage air expander 41, the third-stage air expander 43, the fourth-stage air expander 45, and the fifth-stage air expander 47 are arranged sequentially from back (right) to front (left). An air heating heat exchanger utilizing the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine is installed upstream of the air inlet of any first-stage air expander 38. The air heating heat exchanger 36 (utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the first-stage air expander), the first-stage air expander 38, the air heating heat exchanger 39 (utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the second-stage air expander), the second-stage air expander 41, the air heating heat exchanger 42 (utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the third-stage air expander), the third-stage air expander 43, the air heating heat exchanger 44 (utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the fourth-stage air expander), the fourth-stage air expander 45, the air heating heat exchanger 46 (utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the fifth-stage air expander), and the fifth-stage air expander 47 are connected in sequence. A gas turbine exhaust feed pipe 37 is also connected to the air heating heat exchanger 36 (utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the first-stage air expander). The specific connection relationship is as follows: The gas turbine exhaust feed pipe 37 is connected to the inlet of the air heating heat exchanger 36, which utilizes the gas turbine exhaust heat energy, before the first-stage air expander. The air outlet of the air heating heat exchanger 36 is connected to the air inlet of the first-stage air expander 38. The air outlet of the first-stage air expander 38 is connected to the air inlet of the air heating heat exchanger 39, which utilizes the gas turbine exhaust heat energy, before the second-stage air expander. The outlet air of the air heating heat exchanger 39 is connected to the air inlet of the second-stage air expander 41. The air outlet of the second-stage air expander 41 is connected to the air inlet of the air heating heat exchanger 42, which utilizes the gas turbine exhaust heat energy, before the third-stage air expander. The air outlet of the air heating heat exchanger 42, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, is connected to the air inlet of the three-stage air expander 43. The air outlet of the three-stage air expander 43 is connected to the air inlet of the air heating heat exchanger 44, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, is connected to the air inlet of the four-stage air expander 45. The air outlet of the four-stage air expander 45 is connected to the air inlet of the air heating heat exchanger 46, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, is connected to the air inlet of the five-stage air expander 46. The air outlet of the air heating heat exchanger 46, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, is connected to the air inlet of the five-stage air expander 47.

[0043] The second gas turbine exhaust feed pipe 40 is connected to the inlet of the air heating heat exchanger 39, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, before the second-stage air expander. The gas turbine exhaust outlet of the air heating heat exchanger 39, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, before the second-stage air expander, is connected to the gas turbine exhaust inlet of the air heating heat exchanger 42, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, before the third-stage air expander. The gas turbine exhaust outlet of the air heating heat exchanger 42, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, before the third-stage air expander, is connected to the gas turbine exhaust inlet of the air heating heat exchanger 44, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, before the fourth-stage air expander. The gas turbine exhaust outlet of the air heating heat exchanger 44, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, before the fourth-stage air expander, is connected to the gas turbine exhaust inlet of the air heating heat exchanger 46, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, before the fifth-stage air expander. The gas turbine exhaust outlet of the air heating heat exchanger 36, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, before the first-stage air expander, is connected to the external environment.

[0044] The aforementioned liquefied air 29 heating and expansion subsystem initially increases the air temperature entering the inlet of the first-stage air expander 38 by connecting the river water feed pipe to the air heating heat exchanger that utilizes the river water's thermal energy before the first-stage air expander 38. It further increases the air temperature by connecting the gas turbine exhaust feed pipe 1 37 to the air heating heat exchanger 36 that utilizes the gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the first-stage air expander 38. Finally, it increases the air temperature at the inlet of the second-stage air expander 47 by connecting the second-stage gas turbine exhaust feed pipe 2 40 sequentially to the air heating heat exchangers 46 that utilize the gas turbine exhaust heat energy before the second, third, fourth, and fifth-stage air expanders 47, thus fully utilizing the gas turbine exhaust heat energy. This liquefied air 29 heating and expansion subsystem introduces and utilizes gas turbine exhaust heat energy in stages during the air expansion power output phase, significantly increasing the air expansion power output and improving the utilization efficiency of the gas turbine exhaust heat energy.

[0045] (iv) The organic Rankine cycle waste heat and cold utilization subsystem in the energy release stage includes a primary energy release ORC, a secondary energy release ORC, and an air heating heat exchanger that utilizes river water heat energy before the primary air expander 38. Among them: The first-stage ORC for energy release includes a liquefied air pressurization pump 31, a first-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger 32 utilizing the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy release stage, a first-stage ORC expander 54 in the energy release stage, a first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 48 utilizing the heat energy of gas turbine exhaust, a first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 49 utilizing the heat energy of the fifth-stage expanded air exhaust, a first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 52 utilizing the heat energy of river water, and a first-stage ORC working fluid pressurization pump 53 in the energy release stage. Specifically: such as... Figure 1As shown, in the energy release stage, the ORC outlet of the primary ORC working fluid cooling liquefied heat exchanger 32, which utilizes the cold energy of liquefied air, is connected to the ORC inlet of the primary ORC working fluid booster pump 53. The ORC outlet of the primary ORC working fluid booster pump 53 is connected to the ORC inlet of the primary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 52, which utilizes the thermal energy of river water. The river water inlet of the primary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 52, which utilizes the thermal energy of river water, is connected to the river water feed pipe 51 of the energy release stage. The river water outlet of the primary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 52, which utilizes the thermal energy of river water, is connected to the external environment. The ORC outlet of the primary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 52, which utilizes the thermal energy of river water, is connected to the fifth-stage expansion... The ORC working fluid inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger 49, which uses the heat energy of the expanded air exhaust, is connected to the ORC working fluid outlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger 49, which uses the heat energy of the five-stage expanded air exhaust, and is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger 48, which uses the heat energy of the gas turbine exhaust. The ORC working fluid outlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger 48, which uses the heat energy of the gas turbine exhaust, is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the first-stage ORC expander 54 in the energy release stage. The ORC working fluid outlet of the first-stage ORC expander 54 in the energy release stage is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger 32, which uses the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy release stage, thereby realizing the circulation path of the first-stage ORC working fluid.

[0046] The exhaust outlet of the air heating heat exchanger 46, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, is connected to the exhaust inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 48, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine. The exhaust gas from the outlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 48, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, is connected to the external environment.

[0047] In this energy release stage ORC, thermal energy, exhaust waste heat from air, and exhaust waste heat from the gas turbine are used to heat the energy release stage ORC in stages, making full use of waste heat in different temperature ranges and increasing the power output of the energy release stage.

[0048] The energy-releasing secondary ORC includes a secondary ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger 33 that utilizes the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy-releasing stage, a secondary ORC working fluid pressurization pump 57 that utilizes the heat energy of river water in the energy-releasing stage, a secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 56 that utilizes the heat energy of the five-stage expansion air exhaust gas, a secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 59 that utilizes the heat energy of the five-stage expansion air exhaust gas, and a secondary ORC expander 58 in the energy-releasing stage. Specifically: such as... Figure 1As shown, in the energy release stage, the ORC outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid cooling liquefied heat exchanger 33, which utilizes the cold energy of liquefied air, is connected to the ORC inlet of the secondary ORC working fluid booster pump 57. The ORC outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid booster pump 57 is connected to the ORC inlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 56, which utilizes the thermal energy of river water. The river water inlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 56, which utilizes the thermal energy of river water, is connected to the river water feed pipe 2 55. The river water outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 56, which utilizes the thermal energy of river water, is connected to the external environment. The ORC working fluid outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 56, which uses river water thermal energy, is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 59, which uses five-stage expansion air exhaust heat energy. The ORC working fluid outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 59, which uses five-stage expansion air exhaust heat energy, is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the secondary ORC expander 58 in the energy release stage. The ORC working fluid outlet of the secondary ORC expander 58 in the energy release stage is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the secondary ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger 33, which uses liquefied air cold energy in the energy release stage, thereby realizing the circulation path of the secondary ORC working fluid.

[0049] The air outlet of the five-stage air expander 47 is connected to the air exhaust inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger 49, which utilizes the heat energy from the exhaust of the five-stage expanded air. The air exhaust outlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger 49 is connected to the air exhaust inlet of the second-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger 59, which utilizes the heat energy from the exhaust of the five-stage expanded air. The air exhaust outlet of the second-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger 59 is connected to the external environment.

[0050] In this energy release stage ORC, the air is vaporized and heated, and the cold energy of the liquefied air is fully utilized. The above once again comprehensively utilizes the exhaust heat of the gas turbine, the waste heat of the fifth-stage expansion air exhaust, and the cold energy of the liquefied air, reducing the loss of cold energy of the liquefied air and further increasing the production capacity of the energy release stage.

[0051] At the same time, such as Figure 1 As shown, the air in the first-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger 32, which utilizes the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy release stage, the air in the second-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger 33, which also utilizes the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy release stage, the air heating heat exchanger before the first-stage air expander 38, which utilizes the heat energy of river water, and the air heating heat exchanger 36 before the first-stage air expander, which utilizes the heat energy of gas turbine exhaust, are connected in sequence. Specifically, as shown... Figure 1As shown: The outlet of the liquefied air storage tank 30 is connected to the air inlet of the liquefied air booster pump 31. The air outlet of the liquefied air booster pump 31 is connected to the air inlet of the primary ORC working fluid cooling liquefied heat exchanger 32, which utilizes the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy release stage. The air outlet of the primary ORC working fluid cooling liquefied heat exchanger 32 is connected to the air inlet of the secondary ORC working fluid cooling liquefied heat exchanger 33, which utilizes the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy release stage. The air outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid cooling liquefied heat exchanger 33 is connected to the air heated by river water heat energy before the primary air expander 38. The air inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the river water thermal energy inlet of the air-heated heat exchanger before the first-stage air expander 38, which utilizes river water thermal energy. The river water thermal energy outlet of the air-heated heat exchanger before the first-stage air expander 38 is connected to the external environment. The air outlet of the air-heated heat exchanger before the first-stage air expander 38 is connected to the air inlet of the air-heated heat exchanger 36 before the first-stage air expander, which utilizes gas turbine exhaust heat energy. The air outlet of the air-heated heat exchanger 36 before the first-stage air expander is connected to the inlet of the first-stage air expander 38. Based on this design, the linkage between the first-stage and second-stage energy-releasing ORCs is achieved, effectively increasing the energy release stage's production capacity.

[0052] The primary ORC working medium in the energy release stage is propane, while the secondary ORC working medium in the energy release stage and the ORC working medium in the energy storage stage are mixtures of ethane, propane, n-butane, and isobutane.

[0053] The organic Rankine cycle waste heat and cold utilization subsystem in the energy release stage includes a primary energy release ORC and a secondary energy release ORC. In the primary energy release ORC, the river water feed pipe 51 is connected to the primary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 52, which utilizes the heat energy of the river water, to initially increase the temperature of the primary ORC working fluid. The exhaust air after the fifth-stage expansion is connected to the primary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 49, which utilizes the heat energy of the exhaust air after the fifth-stage expansion, to further increase the temperature of the primary ORC working fluid. The exhaust gas from the gas turbine at the outlet of the air heating heat exchanger 46, which utilizes the heat energy of the exhaust gas before the fifth-stage air expander, is connected to the primary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 49, which utilizes the heat energy of the exhaust air after the fifth-stage expansion, to further increase the temperature of the primary ORC working fluid. The primary ORC working fluid is connected to the primary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 48, which utilizes the heat energy of the exhaust gas after the gas turbine, to further increase the temperature of the primary ORC working fluid. The above fully utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the air after the fifth-stage expansion, the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, and the cold energy of the liquefied air, and increases the power generation capacity of the energy release stage. In the energy-releasing secondary ORC, the outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid of the energy-releasing stage secondary ORC expander 58 is connected to the liquefied air cooling heat exchanger 33 of the secondary ORC working fluid in the energy-releasing stage, which utilizes the cold energy of liquefied air, to further utilize the cold energy of liquefied air. The river water feed pipe 55 of the energy-releasing stage is connected to the river water heating heat exchanger 56 of the secondary ORC working fluid, which utilizes the heat energy of river water, to initially increase the temperature of the secondary ORC working fluid. The air exhaust from the outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 59, which utilizes the heat energy of the fifth-stage expansion air exhaust, is connected to the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger 59, which utilizes the heat energy of the fifth-stage expansion air exhaust, to further increase the temperature of the secondary ORC working fluid. All of the above fully utilizes the residual heat energy of the fifth-stage expansion air exhaust and the residual cold energy of liquefied air, thereby increasing the power output of the system.

[0054] The aforementioned novel liquefied air energy storage system, integrating LNG cold energy, gas turbine exhaust heat energy, and coupled organic Rankine cycle (ORC), utilizes LNG cold energy in a tiered manner through four subsystems: an air-cooled liquefaction and storage subsystem, an ORC waste heat utilization subsystem for the energy storage stage, a liquefied air heating and expansion subsystem, and an ORC waste heat and cold utilization subsystem for the energy release stage. Specifically, low-temperature cold energy is used to cool the air in the air compressor room, and higher-temperature cold energy is used for ORC working fluid cooling and liquefaction, thus fully utilizing LNG cold energy. Simultaneously, this invention introduces gas turbine exhaust heat energy to increase the air temperature during the energy release stage and fully utilizes the waste heat from the five-stage expansion air, gas turbine exhaust waste heat, and liquefied air cold energy, improving the electrical output of the liquefied air energy storage system while ensuring superior system thermodynamic performance. Furthermore, this invention provides a new application scenario for liquefied air energy storage: integrating liquefied air energy storage with a gas turbine and applying it to LNG receiving terminals or gasification stations, effectively utilizing the waste heat and cold energy in this scenario while simultaneously providing power generation and energy storage functions. In this scenario, the liquefied air storage (LNG) system can utilize LNG cold energy and gas turbine exhaust in a cascade manner, improving the air liquefaction rate and liquefaction efficiency of the LNG system. Furthermore, by replacing the gas turbine bottom cycle with an LNG energy storage system, it can fully utilize the waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust, while simultaneously improving the power output of the gas turbine bottom cycle and the electrical round-trip efficiency of the LNG system. In addition, replacing the gas turbine combined cycle system with a system integrating LNG cold energy and gas turbine exhaust heat energy allows for more efficient utilization of the gas turbine exhaust heat energy in the gas turbine combined cycle, increasing the system's electrical output. This system also simultaneously possesses power generation, energy storage, and waste cooling / heat utilization functions, expanding the comprehensive performance of traditional gas turbine combined cycles and LNG energy storage.

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: (1) At present, the integrated liquefied air energy storage system with integrated high-temperature external heat sources such as solar energy has poor thermodynamic performance. This invention effectively improves the thermodynamic performance of such integrated systems by introducing LNG cold energy. (2) LNG receiving stations or gasification stations have a large amount of usable waste cooling and gas turbine exhaust has a large amount of usable waste heat. Introducing external cold sources, such as LNG cold energy from LNG receiving stations or gasification stations, can provide sufficient cooling capacity to the liquefied air energy storage system to improve the air liquefaction rate and liquefaction speed. Introducing external heat sources, such as gas turbine exhaust heat energy, can increase the air expansion temperature during the energy release stage to improve the system's electric round-trip efficiency. At the same time, the integrated liquefied air energy storage system that integrates independent liquefied air energy storage systems, gas turbines, and LNG receiving stations or gasification stations can simultaneously have the functions of energy storage, power generation, and waste cooling and waste heat utilization. Moreover, the system has superior thermodynamic performance, providing a feasible application scenario for liquefied air energy storage technology.

[0056] (3) The problem of low efficiency of large-scale LNG cold energy utilization. This invention uses large-scale LNG cold energy to cool liquefied air, which can efficiently utilize large-scale LNG cold energy and provides a reference method for efficient utilization of large-scale LNG cold energy.

[0057] (4) Large and medium-sized combined cycle gas turbines have the problem of high exhaust temperature and low thermal energy utilization efficiency. This invention uses the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine to heat high-pressure air, which can significantly improve the utilization efficiency of the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine. This invention proposes an efficient utilization method for the exhaust heat energy of large and medium-sized gas turbines.

[0058] The integrated system proposed in this invention introduces high-grade LNG cold energy during the air compression liquefaction stage and high-grade gas turbine exhaust heat energy during the air turbine power generation stage (the energy release stage of the liquefied air energy storage system replaces the steam bottom cycle of the gas-steam combined cycle). Its advantages are as follows: ① Using high-grade cold energy to cool liquefied air significantly reduces power consumption during the system's energy storage stage, thus lowering energy storage costs; ② Compared to similar integrated liquefied air energy storage systems, the liquefied air energy storage system integrating LNG cold energy, gas turbine exhaust heat energy, and ORC proposed in this invention simultaneously imparts high-grade heat energy and high-grade pressure energy to the air, achieving efficient utilization of both gas turbine exhaust heat energy and air pressure energy. The system's thermodynamic performance, such as its electric round-trip efficiency, is significantly superior to similar integrated systems; ③ Compared to the steam bottom cycle of the gas-steam combined cycle, the liquefied air energy storage system integrating LNG cold energy, gas turbine exhaust heat energy, and ORC proposed in this invention significantly increases power generation and yields higher power revenue.

[0059] Example 2 This embodiment provides a novel integrated liquefied air energy storage system 100 that integrates LNG cold energy, gas turbine exhaust heat energy, and ORC. The only difference between this system and Embodiment 1 is that at least one air compressor in the air compression unit can be replaced with a compressor unit. All other aspects are the same as in Embodiment 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0060] It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and to facilitate understanding. They are not intended to limit the scope of the invention and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed herein. Furthermore, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "one" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention's implementation.

[0061] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. An integrated liquefied air energy storage system, characterized in that, It includes an air-cooled liquefaction and storage subsystem, an organic Rankine cycle waste heat utilization subsystem for energy storage, a liquefied air heating and expansion subsystem, and an organic Rankine cycle waste heat and cold utilization subsystem for energy release, wherein: The air-cooled liquefied storage subsystem includes an LNG cold energy utilization unit, an air compression unit, and an air storage unit. The air compression unit includes a multi-stage air compressor connected in series. The LNG cold energy utilization unit includes an air-cooled heat exchanger that utilizes LNG cold energy. The air-cooled heat exchanger is connected to the front side of the air inlet of any stage of the air compressor. The LNG inlet of each air-cooled heat exchanger is used to connect to an LNG cold source. The air outlet of each air compressor is connected to the air storage unit, which is used to store the liquefied air obtained by cooling with LNG cold energy. The energy storage stage Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) waste cooling utilization subsystem can utilize the residual LNG cold energy of the air-cooled liquefaction storage subsystem. This subsystem includes an ORC pressurization pump, an ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy, an ORC expander, an ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing LNG waste cooling, an NG heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy, and user pipelines. The ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger, the ORC pressurization pump in the energy storage stage, and the ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy in the energy storage stage are connected end to end to form an energy storage ORC. The LNG outlet of each air-cooled heat exchanger in the air-cooled liquefaction storage subsystem is connected in parallel with the LNG outlet of the ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing LNG waste cooling in the energy storage stage, and then connected to the LNG inlet of the NG heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy. The LNG outlet of the NG heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy is connected to the user pipeline. The liquefied air heating and expansion subsystem includes a multi-stage air expander, and an air heating heat exchanger utilizing the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine is installed upstream of the air inlet of any stage of the air expander. The organic Rankine cycle waste heat and waste cooling utilization subsystem in the energy release stage includes a primary energy release ORC and a secondary energy release ORC. The air inlets of the primary release ORC, the secondary release ORC, and the liquefied air heating expansion subsystem are connected in series with the air outlet of the air storage unit.

2. The integrated liquefied air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air compression unit includes a first-stage air compressor, a second-stage air compressor, a third-stage air compressor, a fourth-stage air compressor, and a fifth-stage air compressor. An air cooling heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy is connected in sequence before the first-stage air compressor, the first-stage air compressor, the second-stage air compressor, the third-stage air compressor, the fourth-stage air compressor, and the fifth-stage air compressor. The LNG cold energy utilization unit also includes an LNG feed pipe, an LNG pressurization pump and an LNG distributor, wherein the LNG feed pipe is used to connect to the LNG cold source; The air outlet of the five-stage air compressor is also connected to an air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG and is located before the LNG pressurization pump. The air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG and is located before the LNG pressurization pump includes an air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG after the five-stage air compressor and an air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG before the LNG pressurization pump. The outlet of the five-stage air compressor is connected to the inlet of the air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG after the five-stage air compressor. The outlet of the air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG after the five-stage air compressor is connected to the inlet of the air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG before the LNG pressurization pump. The outlet of the air cooling heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of LNG before the LNG pressurization pump is connected to the air storage unit. The LNG feed pipe, the LNG pressurization pump, the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the LNG pressurization pump, and the LNG distributor are connected in sequence. The outlet of the LNG distributor is connected to the LNG inlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the first-stage air compressor, the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the second-stage air compressor, the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the third-stage air compressor, the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the fourth-stage air compressor, and the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy before the fifth-stage air compressor.

3. The integrated liquefied air energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Two sets of air cooling heat exchangers utilizing LNG cold energy are installed before the primary air compressor: one set of air cooling heat exchangers utilizing LNG cold energy before the primary air compressor and another set of air cooling heat exchangers utilizing LNG cold energy before the primary air compressor. The LNG inlets of both sets of air cooling heat exchangers utilizing LNG cold energy before the primary air compressor are connected to the LNG distributor. The LNG cold energy utilization unit also includes LNG mixer one, and the organic Rankine cycle waste cooling utilization subsystem in the energy storage stage also includes LNG mixer two. The LNG outlets of the air-cooled heat exchangers utilizing LNG cold energy before the second-stage air compressor, the third-stage air compressor, the fourth-stage air compressor, and the fifth-stage air compressor are all connected to the inlet of the first LNG mixer. The outlet of the first LNG mixer is connected to the LNG inlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy after the fifth-stage air compressor. The LNG outlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger utilizing LNG cold energy after the fifth-stage air compressor is connected to the LNG inlet of the ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing LNG waste cooling in the energy storage stage. The LNG outlet of the ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing LNG waste cooling in the energy storage stage is connected to the inlet of the second LNG mixer. The LNG outlets of the first and second air-cooled heat exchangers utilizing LNG cold energy before the first-stage air compressor are both connected to the inlet of the second LNG mixer. The outlet of the second LNG mixer is connected to the LNG inlet of the NG heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy. The NG heating heat exchanger that utilizes river water heat energy is also connected to a river water inlet pipe for heating NG.

4. The integrated liquefied air energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The liquefied air heating and expansion subsystem includes a primary air expander, a secondary air expander, a tertiary air expander, a quaternary air expander, and a quintupler. An air heating heat exchanger utilizing gas turbine exhaust heat energy is connected in sequence before the primary air expander, and the air inlets of the primary and secondary air expanders, the tertiary and quaternary air expanders, the quaternary and quintuplers, and the quintupler. The exhaust inlet of the air heater heat exchanger that utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine before the first-stage air expander is connected to the exhaust inlet of the gas turbine and the exhaust inlet of the air heater heat exchanger that utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine before the second-stage air expander is connected to the exhaust inlet of the gas turbine and the exhaust inlet of the gas turbine. The exhaust outlet of the air heater heat exchanger utilizing exhaust heat energy from the gas turbine before the second-stage air expander is connected to the exhaust inlet of the air heater heat exchanger utilizing exhaust heat energy from the gas turbine before the third-stage air expander. The exhaust outlet of the air heater heat exchanger utilizing exhaust heat energy from the gas turbine before the third-stage air expander is connected to the exhaust inlet of the air heater heat exchanger utilizing exhaust heat energy from the gas turbine before the fourth-stage air expander. The exhaust outlet of the air heater heat exchanger utilizing exhaust heat energy from the gas turbine before the fourth-stage air expander is connected to the exhaust inlet of the air heater heat exchanger utilizing exhaust heat energy from the gas turbine before the fifth-stage air expander. The exhaust outlet of the air heater heat exchanger utilizing exhaust heat energy from the gas turbine before the first-stage air expander is connected to the external environment.

5. The integrated liquefied air energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first-stage ORC (Organic Refrigerant) for energy release includes a first-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing the cold energy of liquefied air, a first-stage ORC expander for energy release, a first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing the heat energy of gas turbine exhaust, a first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing the heat energy of five-stage expanded air exhaust, a first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat, and a first-stage ORC working fluid pressurization pump for energy release. The ORC working fluid outlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing the cold energy of liquefied air is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid pressurization pump for energy release. The ORC working fluid outlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid pressurization pump for energy release is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat. The river water heat energy inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat is connected to a first-stage river water feed pipe for energy release. The outlet of the primary ORC working fluid heat exchanger, which utilizes river water thermal energy, is connected to the external environment. The outlet of the primary ORC working fluid heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the primary ORC working fluid heat exchanger, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the five-stage expanded air. The outlet of the primary ORC working fluid heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the primary ORC working fluid heat exchanger, which utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine. The outlet of the primary ORC working fluid heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the primary ORC working fluid expander in the energy release stage. The outlet of the primary ORC working fluid expander in the energy release stage is connected to the inlet of the primary ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger, which utilizes the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy release stage, thus realizing the circulation path of the primary ORC working fluid. The gas turbine exhaust outlet of the air heating heat exchanger that utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine in front of the five-stage air expander is connected to the gas turbine exhaust inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger that utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine, and the gas turbine exhaust outlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger that utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the gas turbine is connected to the external environment. The energy-releasing secondary ORC includes a secondary ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy-releasing stage, a secondary ORC working fluid pressurization pump in the energy-releasing stage, a secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing the thermal energy of river water, a secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing the thermal energy of the five-stage expansion air exhaust, and a secondary ORC expander in the energy-releasing stage. The ORC working fluid outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy-releasing stage is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the secondary ORC working fluid pressurization pump in the energy-releasing stage. The ORC working fluid outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid pressurization pump in the energy-releasing stage is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger utilizing the thermal energy of river water. The river water heating heat exchanger of the secondary ORC working fluid utilizing the thermal energy of river water... The inlet is connected to the second river water feed pipe of the energy release stage. The river water heat energy outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger that utilizes the thermal energy of the river water is connected to the external environment. The ORC working fluid outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger that utilizes the thermal energy of the river water is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger that utilizes the thermal energy of the five-stage expansion air exhaust. The ORC working fluid outlet of the secondary ORC working fluid heating heat exchanger that utilizes the thermal energy of the five-stage expansion air exhaust is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the secondary ORC expander of the energy release stage. The ORC working fluid outlet of the secondary ORC expander of the energy release stage is connected to the ORC working fluid inlet of the secondary ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger that utilizes the cold energy of liquefied air in the energy release stage, so as to realize the circulation path of the secondary ORC working fluid. The air outlet of the five-stage air expander is connected to the air exhaust inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger that utilizes the heat energy from the exhaust of the five-stage expanded air. The air exhaust outlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger that utilizes the heat energy from the exhaust of the five-stage expanded air is connected to the air exhaust inlet of the second-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger that utilizes the heat energy from the exhaust of the five-stage expanded air. The air exhaust outlet of the second-stage ORC working fluid heat exchanger that utilizes the heat energy from the exhaust of the five-stage expanded air is connected to the external environment.

6. The integrated liquefied air energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The organic Rankine cycle waste heat and cold utilization subsystem in the energy release stage also includes a liquefied air booster pump and an air heating heat exchanger utilizing river water heat energy before the first-stage air expander; the outlet of the liquefied air storage tank is connected to the air inlet of the liquefied air booster pump, the air outlet of the liquefied air booster pump is connected to the air inlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing liquefied air cold energy in the energy release stage, the air outlet of the first-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing liquefied air cold energy in the energy release stage is connected to the air inlet of the second-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing liquefied air cold energy in the energy release stage, and the second-stage ORC working fluid cooling liquefaction heat exchanger utilizing liquefied air cold energy in the energy release stage... The air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the air heating heat exchanger that utilizes river water thermal energy before the first-stage air expander. The river water thermal energy inlet of the air heating heat exchanger that utilizes river water thermal energy before the first-stage air expander is connected to a river water feed pipe for heating air during the energy release stage. The river water thermal energy outlet of the air heating heat exchanger that utilizes river water thermal energy before the first-stage air expander is connected to the external environment. The air outlet of the air heating heat exchanger that utilizes river water thermal energy before the first-stage air expander is connected to the air inlet of the air heating heat exchanger that utilizes gas turbine exhaust thermal energy before the first-stage air expander. The air outlet of the air heating heat exchanger that utilizes gas turbine exhaust thermal energy before the first-stage air expander is connected to the inlet of the first-stage air expander.

7. The integrated liquefied air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The air storage unit includes a liquefied air storage tank.

8. The integrated liquefied air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It also includes an LNG cooling source, which includes at least one of an LNG receiving station and an LNG vaporization station, to provide cooling for the air-cooled liquefaction storage subsystem.

9. The integrated liquefied air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It also includes a gas turbine exhaust heat energy supply system, which is connected to the liquefied air heating and expansion subsystem to provide external energy to the liquefied air heating and expansion subsystem.

10. The integrated liquefied air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used as an energy utilization system for utilizing the cold energy of LNG and the heat energy of gas turbine exhaust.

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