Furnace knot decomposition method for copper smelting sedimentation electric furnace

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for decomposing furnace knots of a copper smelting sedimentation electric furnace, which comprises the following steps: (1) daily production management: uniformly adding lump coal and river sand into the sedimentation electric furnace according to the adding amount of copper concentrate every day, adding the lump coal and the river sand to increase the generation amount of furnace slag, and maintaining the formation and decomposition of the furnace knots of the electric furnace to be in a balanced state; (2) furnace knotting treatment of the furnace bottom: when the thickness of the furnace knotting at the furnace bottom of the sedimentation electric furnace is greater than or equal to 500mm, opening a ball feeding opening in the top of the sedimentation electric furnace, adding pig iron balls or pig iron blocks or pig iron rods into the electric furnace, passing through a transverse diaphragm from the furnace top and finally settling at the furnace knotting part at the furnace bottom of the sedimentation electric furnace, and reacting with the furnace knotting to fulfill the aim of decomposing the furnace knotting; (3) furnace knotting treatment of the furnace wall: when the thickness of the furnace knotting settling the furnace wall of the electric furnace is greater than or equal to 500mm, aligning a diesel gun to the over-thick part of the furnace knotting, so that the over-thick part of the furnace knotting expands at high temperature and naturally falls off; the method can effectively improve the settling electric furnace knot decomposition rate, reduce the operation time for specially removing the knot of the electric furnace, and improve the operation efficiency of the electric furnace.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of copper smelting settling electric furnace production technology, and in particular to a method for decomposing furnace slag in a copper smelting settling electric furnace. Background Technology

[0002] The settling electric arc furnace (EAF) is one of the main pieces of equipment in copper smelting processes. In smelting production, a settling separation process is necessary to minimize metal loss. Therefore, in addition to the essential smelting furnace, a settling EAF is also required. The high-temperature molten metal in the EAF mainly originates from the mixture of matte and slag produced by the Austronesian furnace. After settling separation in the EAF, it separates into an upper layer of slag and a lower layer of matte. Because the EAF is cooled by circulating water, the high-temperature molten metal adheres to or deposits on the furnace wall, forming furnace deposits. Appropriate furnace deposits can reduce heat loss and protect the furnace lining. However, in practical production, it is difficult to maintain an ideal furnace deposit thickness. Over time, the increased thickness of the furnace deposits reduces the effective volume of the EAF, hindering efficient operation. Therefore, in actual production, when the furnace deposits become too thick, they need to be cleaned. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the problem that current settling electric furnaces (EAFs) often struggle to maintain the ideal furnace thickness during actual production operations. Excessive furnace slag thickness leads to a reduction in the effective furnace volume and hinders efficient operation. This invention provides a method for decomposing furnace slag in copper smelting EAFs. This method can effectively improve the decomposition rate of furnace slag in EAFs, reduce the time required for dedicated furnace slag removal, and improve the efficiency of EAF operations.

[0004] The present invention provides a method for decomposing furnace slag in a copper smelting settling electric furnace, comprising the following steps:

[0005] (1) Daily production management: Lump coal and river sand are added evenly to the settling electric furnace according to the amount of copper concentrate added each day. The mass ratio of copper concentrate: lump coal: river sand is 160:1.9-2.1:2.9-3.1. The addition of lump coal and river sand increases the amount of slag generated, reduces the frozen layer, and at the same time maintains the formation and decomposition of furnace slag in a balanced state. Under normal furnace conditions, there is no significant increase in furnace slag.

[0006] (2) Treatment of furnace slag at the furnace bottom:

[0007] ①When the thickness of the furnace bottom slag in the settling electric furnace is ≥400mm, the amount of lump coal and river sand added daily in step (1) is increased to 1.2-1.5 times the original amount, and the Ausmelt furnace operation room is notified to control its production process parameters.

[0008] ② When the thickness of the furnace slag at the bottom of the settling electric furnace is ≥500mm, open the ball-adding port at the top of the settling electric furnace and add pig iron balls, pig iron blocks, or pig iron rods into the furnace. The pig iron balls, pig iron blocks, or pig iron rods pass through the diaphragm from the top of the furnace and finally sink to the furnace slag at the bottom of the settling electric furnace. During this process, the pig iron balls, pig iron blocks, or pig iron rods react with the furnace slag to achieve the purpose of decomposing the furnace slag.

[0009] (3) Treatment of furnace wall sludge: When the thickness of the furnace wall sludge is ≥500mm, aim the diesel gun at the excessively thick part of the furnace wall, so that the excessively thick part of the furnace wall will expand at high temperature and fall off naturally to achieve the purpose of cleaning the furnace wall sludge.

[0010] The mass fraction of carbon in the lump coal of this invention is 86-95%, and the mass fraction of SiO2 in the river sand is 90-99%.

[0011] In this invention, the pig iron balls refer to pig iron balls with a diameter of 100mm, the pig iron blocks refer to pig iron blocks with a width and thickness ≤100mm, and the pig iron rods refer to pig iron rods with a diameter of 50mm and a length of 1000mm. Based on a furnace sinter thickness of 500mm, the amount of pig iron balls, pig iron blocks, or pig iron rods added is 320-350kg.

[0012] The following details the process principle of a copper smelting settling electric furnace sintering method according to the present invention.

[0013] (1) Daily production management: Research shows that the main component of the furnace slag in the settling electric furnace is Fe3O4. In daily production, lump coal and river sand are added to the settling electric furnace. The C in the lump coal can reduce Fe3O4 to Fe (2C+Fe→3Fe+2CO2). Fe, as a reducing agent, can also increase the dissolution of copper and be oxidized to form slag. The SiO2 in the river sand reacts with Fe3O4 to form fir olivine (Fe3O4 +SiO2→ 2FeO·SiO2). 2FeO·SiO2 is the main component of slag. Therefore, by adding the above two substances, the formation of a large amount of furnace slag is avoided from the perspective of daily production management, and the formation of an excessively thick furnace slag layer is avoided. In this step, the lump coal added is excessive because the C in the lump coal can also be consumed as fuel.

[0014] (2) Treatment of furnace slag at the bottom: When the thickness of the furnace slag at the bottom of the settling electric furnace is ≥500mm, open the ball-feeding port at the top of the settling electric furnace and add pig iron balls, pig iron blocks, or pig iron rods into the furnace. The pig iron balls, pig iron blocks, or pig iron rods pass through the diaphragm from the top of the furnace and finally sink to the furnace slag at the bottom of the settling electric furnace. During this process, the pig iron balls, pig iron blocks, or pig iron rods react with the furnace slag to achieve the purpose of decomposing the furnace slag. This step utilizes the ability of Fe to reduce Fe3O4 at high temperatures (Fe3O4 + 4Fe → 7Fe+). The process involves adding pig iron (Fe3O4) to decompose iron(II,III) oxide (the main component of the furnace slag), thereby decomposing the furnace slag. Specifically, the top of the settling electric furnace has several ball-filling holes with a diameter of 120mm. Pig iron can be added into these holes to decompose the furnace slag. In actual operation, when the thickness of the furnace slag at the bottom of the furnace is detected to be higher than 500mm through the ball-filling holes and the liquid level detection holes, pig iron will be added through the corresponding ball-filling holes to decompose the furnace slag.

[0015] When adding different forms of raw materials such as pig iron balls, pig iron blocks, and pig iron rods, pig iron blocks have the lowest cost and pig iron rods have the best effect. The types of materials to be added are: pig iron balls with a diameter of 100mm, pig iron blocks with a width and thickness of less than 100mm, and pig iron rods with a diameter of 50mm and a length of 1000mm. For furnace slag with a height of 500mm, add according to a mass of 320-350kg.

[0016] (3) Treatment of furnace wall deposits: When the thickness of the furnace deposits on the furnace wall of the settling electric furnace is ≥500mm, the diesel gun is aimed at the area where the furnace deposits are too thick, so that the area where the furnace deposits are too thick will expand at high temperature and fall off naturally to achieve the purpose of cleaning the furnace deposits; Since the settling electric furnace is a vertical furnace, the furnace deposits on the furnace wall are vertically distributed and cannot be decomposed by adding materials. Therefore, the applicant thought of using a diesel gun for treatment. In specific operation, when the thickness of the furnace deposits on the side furnace wall is observed to be ≥500mm, the diesel gun is used to spray oil at the side wall where the furnace deposits need to be cleaned. The furnace deposits on the side furnace wall will fall off automatically after the high temperature expansion caused by the combustion of diesel.

[0017] This invention utilizes basic chemical reactions to simply and efficiently solve the problem of furnace sludge formation rate. Different methods are employed to address sludge formation at the furnace bottom and walls, achieving comprehensive removal of sludge, increasing the effective volume of the electric furnace, and enhancing the settling and separation effect. The implementation of this invention allows the applicant's electric furnace to maintain a reasonable sludge thickness, ensuring a consistently high effective volume ratio within the furnace during daily operations. This reduces the time spent on dedicated sludge removal, improves furnace operating efficiency, and effectively reduces the labor intensity of employees. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To better explain the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. The following embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and do not limit the present invention in any way. The sequence numbers of the following embodiments are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0019] The process method of this invention has been officially implemented in the applicant's company since January 2024.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] This embodiment uses the reagent production operation of the applicant's No. 1 settling electric furnace from January to March 2024 as an example to explain the present invention in detail.

[0022] A method for decomposing furnace slag in a copper smelting settling electric furnace includes the following steps:

[0023] (1) Daily production management: Every day, according to the feeding amount of 160t of Australian copper concentrate, lump coal and river sand are evenly added to the settling electric furnace. The amount of lump coal added is 2t and the amount of river sand added is 3t. The addition of lump coal and river sand increases the amount of slag generated, reduces the frozen layer, and at the same time maintains the formation and decomposition of furnace slag in a balanced state. Under normal furnace conditions, there is no significant increase in furnace slag.

[0024] (2) Treatment of furnace slag at the furnace bottom:

[0025] ①When the thickness of the furnace bottom slag in the settling electric furnace is ≥400mm, the amount of lump coal added daily in step (1) is increased to 2.4t and the amount of river sand is 3.6t. The Ausmelt furnace control room is notified to control its production process parameters.

[0026] ② When the thickness of the furnace slag at the bottom of the settling electric furnace is ≥500mm, open the ball-feeding port at the top of the settling electric furnace and add 330kg of pig iron blocks into the furnace. The width and thickness of the pig iron blocks are both 80mm. The pig iron blocks pass through the diaphragm from the top of the furnace and finally sink to the furnace slag at the bottom of the settling electric furnace. During this process, the pig iron blocks react with the furnace slag to achieve the purpose of decomposing the furnace slag.

[0027] (3) Treatment of furnace wall sludge: When the thickness of the furnace wall sludge is ≥500mm, aim the diesel gun at the excessively thick part of the furnace wall, so that the excessively thick part of the furnace wall will expand at high temperature and fall off naturally to achieve the purpose of cleaning the furnace wall sludge.

[0028] Using the production process described in this embodiment, the settling electric furnace has never had to be shut down for cleaning due to excessive furnace buildup, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of employees and improves the production efficiency of the settling electric furnace.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] This embodiment uses the reagent production operation of the applicant's No. 2 settling electric furnace from February to April 2024 as an example to explain the present invention in detail.

[0031] A method for decomposing furnace slag in a copper smelting settling electric furnace includes the following steps:

[0032] (1) Daily production management: Every day, according to the feeding amount of 160t of Australian copper concentrate, lump coal and river sand are evenly added to the settling electric furnace. The amount of lump coal added is 1.9t and the amount of river sand added is 3.1t. The addition of lump coal and river sand increases the amount of slag generated, reduces the frozen layer, and at the same time maintains the formation and decomposition of furnace slag in a balanced state. Under normal furnace conditions, there is no significant increase in furnace slag.

[0033] (2) Treatment of furnace slag at the furnace bottom:

[0034] ①When the thickness of the furnace bottom slag in the settling electric furnace is ≥400mm, the amount of lump coal added daily in step (1) is increased to 2.3t, the amount of river sand is 4t, and the Ausmelt furnace operation room is notified to control its production process parameters.

[0035] ② When the thickness of the furnace slag at the bottom of the settling electric furnace is ≥500mm, open the ball-adding port at the top of the settling electric furnace and add 350kg of pig iron balls with a diameter of 95mm into the furnace. The pig iron balls pass through the diaphragm from the top of the furnace and finally sink to the furnace slag at the bottom of the settling electric furnace. During this process, the pig iron balls react with the furnace slag to achieve the purpose of decomposing the furnace slag.

[0036] (4) Treatment of furnace wall sludge: When the thickness of the furnace wall sludge is ≥500mm, aim the diesel gun at the excessively thick part of the furnace wall, so that the excessively thick part of the furnace wall will expand at high temperature and fall off naturally to achieve the purpose of cleaning the furnace wall sludge.

[0037] Using the production process described in this embodiment, the settling electric furnace has never had to be shut down for cleaning due to excessive furnace buildup, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of employees and improves the production efficiency of the settling electric furnace.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] This embodiment uses the reagent production operation of the applicant's No. 1 settling electric furnace from April to June 2024 as an example to explain the present invention in detail.

[0040] A method for decomposing furnace slag in a copper smelting settling electric furnace includes the following steps:

[0041] (1) Daily production management: Every day, according to the feeding amount of 160t of Australian copper concentrate, lump coal and river sand are evenly added to the settling electric furnace. The amount of lump coal added is 2.1t and the amount of river sand added is 2.9t. The addition of lump coal and river sand increases the amount of slag generated, reduces the frozen layer, and at the same time maintains the formation and decomposition of furnace slag in a balanced state. Under normal furnace conditions, there is no significant increase in furnace slag.

[0042] (2) Treatment of furnace slag at the furnace bottom:

[0043] ①When the thickness of the furnace bottom slag in the settling electric furnace is ≥400mm, the amount of lump coal added daily in step (1) is increased to 2.5t and the amount of river sand is 4.2t. The Ausmelt furnace control room is notified to control its production process parameters.

[0044] ② When the thickness of the furnace slag at the bottom of the settling electric furnace is ≥500mm, open the ball-feeding port at the top of the settling electric furnace and add 340kg of pig iron rods into the furnace. The pig iron rods are 50mm in diameter and 1000mm in length. The pig iron rods pass through the diaphragm from the top of the furnace and finally sink to the furnace slag at the bottom of the settling electric furnace. During this process, the pig iron rods react with the furnace slag to achieve the purpose of decomposing the furnace slag.

[0045] (5) Treatment of furnace wall sludge: When the thickness of the furnace wall sludge is ≥500mm, aim the diesel gun at the excessively thick part of the furnace wall, so that the excessively thick part of the furnace wall will expand at high temperature and fall off naturally to achieve the purpose of cleaning the furnace wall sludge.

[0046] Using the production process described in this embodiment, the settling electric furnace has never had to be shut down for cleaning due to excessive furnace buildup, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of employees and improves the production efficiency of the settling electric furnace.

[0047] Example 4

[0048] This embodiment uses the reagent production operation of the applicant's No. 2 settling electric furnace from May to July 2024 as an example to explain the present invention in detail.

[0049] A method for decomposing furnace slag in a copper smelting settling electric furnace includes the following steps:

[0050] (1) Daily production management: Every day, according to the feeding amount of 160t of Australian copper concentrate, lump coal and river sand are evenly added to the settling electric furnace. The amount of lump coal added is 1.95t and the amount of river sand added is 3.05t. The addition of lump coal and river sand increases the amount of slag generated, reduces the frozen layer, and at the same time maintains the formation and decomposition of furnace slag in a balanced state. Under normal furnace conditions, there is no significant increase in furnace slag.

[0051] (2) Treatment of furnace slag at the furnace bottom:

[0052] ①When the thickness of the furnace bottom slag in the settling electric furnace is ≥400mm, the amount of lump coal added daily in step (1) is increased to 2.2t and the amount of river sand is 3.8t. The Ausmelt furnace control room is notified to control its production process parameters.

[0053] ② When the thickness of the furnace slag at the bottom of the settling electric furnace is ≥500mm, open the ball-feeding port at the top of the settling electric furnace and add 320kg of pig iron rods into the furnace. The pig iron rods are 50mm in diameter and 1000mm in length. The pig iron rods pass through the diaphragm from the top of the furnace and finally sink to the furnace slag at the bottom of the settling electric furnace. During this process, the pig iron rods react with the furnace slag to achieve the purpose of decomposing the furnace slag.

[0054] (6) Treatment of furnace wall sludge: When the thickness of the furnace wall sludge is ≥500mm, aim the diesel gun at the excessively thick part of the furnace wall, so that the excessively thick part of the furnace wall will expand at high temperature and fall off naturally to achieve the purpose of cleaning the furnace wall sludge.

[0055] Using the production process described in this embodiment, the settling electric furnace has never had to be shut down for cleaning due to excessive furnace buildup, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of employees and improves the production efficiency of the settling electric furnace.

[0056] The above embodiments are merely specific examples exemplified to explain the present invention and do not limit the present invention in any way. Any non-substantial changes made by any person based on the above content and form that do not depart from the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above.

Claims

1. A method for decomposing furnace sinter in a copper smelting settling electric furnace, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: (1) Daily production management: Lump coal and river sand are added evenly to the settling electric furnace according to the amount of copper concentrate added each day. The mass ratio of copper concentrate: lump coal: river sand is 160:1.9-2.1:2.9-3.

1. The addition of lump coal and river sand increases the amount of slag generated, reduces the frozen layer, and at the same time maintains the formation and decomposition of furnace slag in a balanced state. Under normal furnace conditions, there is no significant increase in furnace slag. (2) Treatment of furnace slag at the furnace bottom: ①When the thickness of the furnace bottom slag in the settling electric furnace is ≥400mm, the amount of lump coal and river sand added daily in step (1) is increased to 1.2-1.5 times the original amount, and the Ausmelt furnace operation room is notified to control its production process parameters. ② When the thickness of the furnace slag at the bottom of the settling electric furnace is ≥500mm, open the ball-adding port at the top of the settling electric furnace and add pig iron balls, pig iron blocks, or pig iron rods into the furnace. The pig iron balls, pig iron blocks, or pig iron rods pass through the diaphragm from the top of the furnace and finally sink to the furnace slag at the bottom of the settling electric furnace. During this process, the pig iron balls, pig iron blocks, or pig iron rods react with the furnace slag to achieve the purpose of decomposing the furnace slag. (3) Treatment of furnace wall sludge: When the thickness of the furnace wall sludge is ≥500mm, aim the diesel gun at the excessively thick part of the furnace wall, so that the excessively thick part of the furnace wall will expand at high temperature and fall off naturally to achieve the purpose of cleaning the furnace wall sludge.

2. The method for decomposing furnace slag in a copper smelting settling electric furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass fraction of carbon in the lump coal is 86-95%, and the mass fraction of SiO2 in the river sand is 90-99%.

3. The method for decomposing furnace slag in a copper smelting settling electric furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pig iron balls refer to pig iron balls with a diameter of 100mm, the pig iron blocks refer to pig iron blocks with a width and thickness of ≤100mm, and the pig iron rods refer to pig iron rods with a diameter of 50mm and a length of 1000mm. Based on a furnace sinter thickness of 500mm, the amount of pig iron balls, pig iron blocks, or pig iron rods added is 320-350kg.