Axial simulation heat exchange test device for medium heat exchange test

Abstract

The invention discloses an axial simulation heat exchange test device for a medium heat exchange test, which belongs to the field of heat exchange test devices and comprises an inlet power transmission electrode, a pressure-bearing shell section, an outlet power transmission electrode and a pressing flange which are sequentially arranged, the pressure-bearing shell section comprises a heating core cylinder, an inlet flange and an outlet flange; a heating rod bundle is arranged in the heating core cylinder, is supported by an inlet insulating support and an outlet insulating support respectively, and is electrically connected with an inlet power transmission electrode and an outlet power transmission electrode respectively; the inlet flange and the outlet flange are respectively connected with an inlet connecting pipe and an outlet connecting pipe which are communicated with the inner cavity of the heating core cylinder; and a sensor group is arranged on the heating core cylinder. According to the invention, the heating rod arranged in the flow channel can be electrified through the power transmission structure under the condition of long-term limit test pressure, the temperature of a gas-phase medium is increased to the limit test temperature, and structural sealing, insulation and measurement of characteristic point parameters under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat transfer testing devices, and more specifically to an axial simulated heat transfer testing device for medium heat transfer testing. Background Technology

[0002] With the development and application of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor technology and supercritical power generation technology in nuclear power, axial simulated heat transfer test devices are often required to conduct simulated heat transfer tests to verify the rationality of the heat transfer element structural design. These devices supply power to the simulated heat transfer elements to generate heat, measuring the temperature and operating pressure of the heating element wall, the medium before and after inflow, and the surface of the medium flowing through the heating element. Simultaneously, they must ensure sealing and insulation functions under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. However, existing axial simulated heat transfer test devices are only suitable for simulated heating tests of liquid-phase media, not gas-phase media. Specifically, they cannot achieve sealing and insulation functions under long-term high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. Furthermore, the existing heating elements have a rectangular cross-section, which is unsuitable for simulated gas-phase media tests, limiting their applicability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an axial simulated heat transfer test device for medium heat transfer testing, so as to solve the problem that existing axial simulated heat transfer test devices are not suitable for simulated tests of gaseous media.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0005] An axial simulated heat transfer test device for medium heat transfer testing includes: an inlet electrode, a pressure-bearing shell section, an outlet electrode, and a clamping flange arranged sequentially along the fluid flow direction;

[0006] The pressure-bearing shell section includes a heating core cylinder and an inlet flange and an outlet flange located at the top and bottom of the heating core cylinder and respectively connected to the inlet electrode and the clamping flange;

[0007] The top and bottom of the inner cavity of the heating core cylinder are respectively provided with inlet insulating support and outlet insulating support. The heating core cylinder is provided with heating rod bundle, which passes through the inlet insulating support and outlet insulating support respectively. The top and bottom of the heating rod bundle are electrically connected to the inlet electrode and outlet electrode respectively.

[0008] The inlet flange and outlet flange are respectively connected to the inlet connecting pipe and the outlet connecting pipe, which communicate with the inner cavity of the heating core cylinder; the heating core cylinder is equipped with a sensor group.

[0009] Furthermore, the aforementioned imported electrode includes a mounting base and a conductive connector; the bottom end of the mounting base is connected to the imported flange, and the bottom end of the conductive connector extends from the top end of the mounting base into the inner cavity of the mounting base and is electrically connected to the heating rod bundle through a flexible conductive element; an insulating layer is provided between the inner wall of the mounting base and between the mounting base and the imported flange.

[0010] Furthermore, the aforementioned conductive connector is sealed to the inner conical surface of the mounting base. The top of the mounting base is provided with a sealing cap. The inner and outer sides of the sealing cap are sealed to the conductive connector and the mounting base respectively through sealing rings. The conductive connector is threaded to a tension nut on the side wall outside the mounting base. The tension nut is squeezed to the sealing cap to provide sealing force for the conical surface sealing.

[0011] 4. The axial simulated heat transfer test apparatus for medium heat transfer test according to claim 3, characterized in that, further, the aforementioned inlet electrode includes a first external cooling structure and a first internal cooling structure for cooling the sealing ring;

[0012] The first external cooling structure includes: a cooling ring groove disposed in the top of the mounting base, and a first external cooling inlet pipe and a first external cooling outlet pipe disposed on the top of the mounting base and connected to the cooling ring groove;

[0013] The first internal cooling structure includes: an internal cooling hole, a cooling cap, a first internal cooling inlet pipe, and a first internal cooling outlet pipe; the internal cooling hole extends from the top of the conductive connector to the interior of the conductive connector and the bottom of the internal cooling hole corresponds to the cooling ring groove; the cooling cap is disposed on the top of the conductive connector; the first internal cooling inlet pipe passes through the cooling cap and extends into the internal cooling hole; there is a gap between the side wall of the first internal cooling inlet pipe and the side wall of the internal cooling hole; there is a gap between the bottom of the first internal cooling inlet pipe and the bottom wall of the internal cooling hole; the first internal cooling outlet pipe is disposed on the cooling cap and communicates with the gap between the side wall of the first internal cooling inlet pipe and the side wall of the internal cooling hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the aforementioned cooling ring groove includes a connecting ring groove and several parallel extended ring grooves; the connecting ring groove is connected to the first external cold inlet pipe and the first external cold outlet pipe, and the extended ring grooves extend from the inner wall of the connecting ring groove toward the inner cavity of the mounting base.

[0015] Furthermore, the aforementioned outlet electrode includes an outlet conductive head and a conductive connecting plate sleeved on the outside of the outlet conductive head; the outlet conductive head is electrically connected to the conductive connecting plate, an insulating layer is provided between the outlet conductive head and the outlet flange, the clamping flange is connected to the outlet flange, restricting the outlet conductive head between the clamping flange and the outlet flange, and the heating rod bundle passes through the outlet conductive head.

[0016] Furthermore, the aforementioned outlet conductive head is provided with a second external cooling structure and a second internal cooling structure;

[0017] The second external cooling structure includes a cooling shell, a second external cooling inlet pipe, and a second external cooling outlet pipe; the cooling shell is disposed on the outside of the outlet conductive head and forms an external cooling cavity between it and the outer wall of the outlet conductive head, and the external cooling cavity is connected to the second external cooling inlet pipe and the second external cooling outlet pipe.

[0018] The second internal cooling structure includes an internal cooling cavity disposed inside the outlet conductive head, and a second internal cooling inlet pipe and a second internal cooling outlet pipe respectively connected to the internal cooling cavity.

[0019] Furthermore, the aforementioned heating rod bundle includes several parallel heating rods; each heating rod includes an inlet conductive rod, a heating section, and an outlet conductive rod arranged sequentially.

[0020] The inlet conductive rod and the outlet conductive rod are electrically connected to the inlet electrode and the outlet electrode, respectively.

[0021] The outer side of the heating section is provided with several protrusions, and the adjacent heating rods and the outermost heating rod of the heating rod bundle are supported by the protrusions; the heating section is a hollow tube, and its inner wall is provided with an inner support ceramic. The thermocouple is installed inside the inner support ceramic, and the thermocouple is connected to the inner support ceramic through a fixing frame.

[0022] Furthermore, an outer cylinder is fitted around the outer side of the heating core cylinder. The two ends of the outer cylinder are sealed to the inlet flange and the outlet flange, respectively. There is a gap between the outer cylinder and the heating core cylinder to form a vacuum chamber. The inner wall of the vacuum chamber is provided with a silver plating layer. The outer cylinder includes a corrugated section.

[0023] Furthermore, the aforementioned sensor group includes inlet and outlet temperature sensors and inlet and outlet pressure sensors, both installed on the inlet flange and outlet flange, as well as several heating section temperature sensors and several heating section pressure sensors installed on the side wall of the heating core cylinder.

[0024] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The axial simulated heat transfer test device of the present invention for medium heat transfer testing has an axial structure. Under long-term ultimate test pressure (≤20MPa), it can power heating rods arranged in the flow channel through a power transmission structure to heat the gaseous medium from an inlet temperature ≤350℃ to an outlet temperature ≤650℃, achieving structural sealing, insulation, and measurement of characteristic parameters under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Compared with existing and traditional test devices, this device is suitable for heat transfer tests of gaseous and liquid media under long-term ultimate test pressure. It effectively reduces the total heat loss caused by thermal radiation, convection, and conduction, improving the energy efficiency of the device and the reliability and accuracy of test data. It also avoids the use of traditional insulation cotton, reducing the radial dimension of the insulation structure. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of an axial simulated heat transfer test device for medium heat transfer testing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an axial simulated heat transfer test device for medium heat transfer testing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heating core cylinder provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inlet electrode provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of part A;

[0031] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of part B;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section structure of the outlet electrode provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the outlet electrode provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the heating rod bundle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-sectional structure of the heating rod provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the heating rod provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 10-Inlet electrode; 11-Mounting base; 12-Conductive connector; 13-Flexible conductive component; 14-Sealing gland; 15-Sealing ring; 16-Tightening nut; 17-First external cooling structure; 18-First internal cooling structure; 20-Pressure-bearing shell section; 21-Heating core cylinder; 22-Inlet flange; 23-Outlet flange; 24-Inlet insulating support; 25-Outlet insulating support; 26-Inlet connecting pipe; 27-Outlet connecting pipe; 28-Outer cylinder; 29-Vacuum chamber; 30-Outlet electrode; 31-Outlet conductive head; 32-Conductive connecting plate; 33-Second external cooling structure; 34-Second internal cooling structure; 40-Pressure flange; 50-Heating rod bundle; 51-Heating rod; 61-Inlet / outlet temperature sensor; 62-Inlet / outlet pressure sensor; 63-Heating section temperature sensor; 64-Heating section pressure sensor; 171-Cooling ring groove; 172-First external cooling inlet pipe; 173-First external cooling outlet pipe; 174-Connecting ring groove; 175-Extending ring groove; 181-Internal cooling hole; 182-Cooling cap; 183-First internal cooling inlet pipe; 184-First internal cooling outlet pipe; 281-Corrugated section; 331-Cooling shell; 332-Second external cooling inlet pipe; 333-Second external cooling outlet pipe; 334-External cooling cavity; 341-Internal cooling cavity; 342-Second internal cooling inlet pipe; 343-Second internal cooling outlet pipe; 511-Inlet conductive rod; 512-Heating section; 513-Outlet conductive rod; 514-Protrusion; 515-Internal support ceramic; 516-Thermocouple; 517-Fixing bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an axial simulated heat transfer test device for medium heat transfer testing, including: an inlet electrode 10, a pressure-bearing shell section 20, an outlet electrode 30, and a clamping flange 40 arranged sequentially along the fluid flow direction, i.e., the inlet electrode 10, pressure-bearing shell section 20, outlet electrode 30, and clamping flange 40 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom. For ease of description, in this embodiment, the relationship between "top" and "bottom," and the relationship between "top" and "bottom," are illustrated for example only, and do not mean that this test device can only be installed or set up in this way.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the pressure-bearing shell section 20 includes a heating core cylinder 21 and an inlet flange 22 and an outlet flange 23 disposed at the top and bottom of the heating core cylinder 21, respectively. The inlet flange 22 is bolted to the inlet electrode 10, and the outlet flange 23 is bolted to the clamping flange 40. The outlet electrode 30 is confined between the outlet flange 23 and the clamping flange 40. The inlet flange 22 and the outlet flange 23 are respectively connected to an inlet connecting pipe 26 and an outlet connecting pipe 27 that communicate with the inner cavity of the heating core cylinder 21 for the flow of gaseous medium. An outer cylinder 28 is fitted around the pressure-bearing shell section 20. The two ends of the outer cylinder 28 are sealed to the inlet flange 22 and the outlet flange 23, respectively, so that a vacuum cavity 29 is formed between the outer cylinder 28 and the heating core cylinder 21. The inner wall of the vacuum cavity 29 is provided with a silver-plated layer. At the same time, the outer cylinder 28 is provided with a corrugated section 281 to provide sufficient axial thermal expansion space.

[0041] Heating rod bundles 50 are inserted inside the heating core cylinder 21, with both ends of the heating rod bundle 50 electrically connected to the inlet electrode 10 and the outlet electrode 30, respectively. Inlet insulating supports 24 and outlet insulating supports 25 are bolted into the outlet flange 23 and the clamping flange 40, respectively, and are located at both ends of the inner cavity of the heating core cylinder 21. The heating rod bundles 50 are supported by the inlet insulating supports 24 and the outlet insulating supports 25, without obstructing the flow of the gaseous medium.

[0042] The heating core cylinder 21 is connected to a sensor group, which includes inlet and outlet temperature sensors 61 and inlet and outlet pressure sensors 62 installed on the inlet flange 22, inlet and outlet temperature sensors 61 and inlet and outlet pressure sensors 62 installed on the outlet flange 23, and several heating section temperature sensors 63 and several heating section pressure sensors 64 installed on the side wall of the heating core cylinder 21. The number and location of each sensor are determined by specific experiments. In this embodiment, both the heating section temperature sensors 63 and heating section pressure sensors 64 pass through the vacuum chamber 29. At this time, both the heating section temperature sensors 63 and heating section pressure sensors 64 are sealed to the outer cylinder 28 to ensure the vacuum level of the vacuum chamber 29.

[0043] like Figure 2 , Figures 4 to 6As shown, the inlet electrode 10 includes a mounting base 11 and a conductive connector 12, which is electrically connected to one of the electrodes of the power supply. The mounting base 11 is bolted to the inlet flange 22. The non-threaded portion of the bolt is coated with highly insulating zirconia ceramic to achieve insulation between the mounting base 11 and the inlet flange 22. Insulating layers are provided on the inner wall of the mounting base 11 and at the connection point between the mounting base 11 and the inlet flange 22. To achieve a seal between the mounting base 11 and the inlet flange 22, at least one annular segment of the insulating layer between the mounting base 11 and the inlet flange 22 is sealed. Preferably, this annular segment is located in an annular groove. The bottom end of the conductive connector 12 is located inside the mounting base 11 and is fixedly and electrically connected to the top end of the heating rod bundle 50 via a flexible conductive element 13. The portion of the conductive connector 12 located inside the mounting base 11 is sealed to the inner conical surface of the mounting base 11.

[0044] The top of the mounting base 11 is connected to a sealing cap 14. The bottom of the sealing cap 14 extends between the conductive connector 12 and the mounting base 11 and is sealed by sealing rings 15. The conductive connector 12 is threaded to the side wall outside the mounting base 11 with a tension nut 16. The tension nut 16 is pressed against the sealing cap 14 to provide sealing force for the conical sealing fit between the conductive connector 12 and the mounting base 11.

[0045] Preferably, the flexible conductive element 13 is made of copper braid.

[0046] Preferably, the sealing ring 15 is made of perfluoroether rubber. In order to reduce the temperature of the sealing ring 15 and ensure the normal operation of the sealing ring 15, the inlet electrode 10 includes a first external cooling structure 17 and a first internal cooling structure 18 for cooling the sealing ring 15.

[0047] The first external cooling structure 17 includes: a cooling ring groove 171 disposed in the top of the mounting base 11, and a first external cooling inlet pipe 172 and a first external cooling outlet pipe 173 disposed on the top of the mounting base 11 and communicating with the cooling ring groove 171. The cooling ring groove 171 corresponds to the sealing ring 15 and reduces the temperature outside the sealing ring 15 by means of a cooling medium.

[0048] To ensure the cooling effect of the first external cooling structure 17, the cooling ring groove 171 includes a connecting ring groove 174 and several parallel extended ring grooves 175. The connecting ring groove 174 is connected to the first external cooling inlet pipe 172 and the first external cooling outlet pipe 173. The extended ring grooves 175 extend from the inner wall of the connecting ring groove 174 toward the inner cavity of the mounting base 11.

[0049] The first internal cooling structure 18 includes: an internal cooling hole 181, a cooling cap 182, a first internal cooling inlet pipe 183, and a first internal cooling outlet pipe 184. The internal cooling hole 181 extends from the top of the conductive connector 12 into the interior of the conductive connector 12, and the bottom of the internal cooling hole 181 corresponds to the cooling ring groove 171. The cooling cap 182 is sealed on the top of the conductive connector 12. The first internal cooling inlet pipe 183 passes through the cooling cap 182 and extends into the internal cooling hole 181. There is a gap between the sidewall of the first internal cooling inlet pipe 183 and the sidewall of the internal cooling hole 181, and a gap between the bottom of the first internal cooling inlet pipe 183 and the bottom wall of the internal cooling hole 181. The first internal cooling outlet pipe 184 is disposed on the cooling cap 182 and communicates with the gap between the sidewall of the first internal cooling inlet pipe 183 and the sidewall of the internal cooling hole 181. The cooling medium of the first internal cooling structure 18 is used to reduce the temperature inside the sealing ring 15.

[0050] like Figure 2 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the outlet electrode 30 includes an outlet conductive head 31 and a conductive connecting plate 32 sleeved on the outside of the outlet conductive head 31. The conductive connecting plate 32 is connected to the outlet conductive head 31 by a pin and is electrically connected to the other electrode of the power supply, thus electrically connecting the conductive connecting plate 32 and the outlet conductive head 31. The conductive connecting plate 32 is located between the outlet conductive head 31 and the outlet flange 23, which are connected by bolts. The non-threaded portion of the bolt is coated with highly insulating zirconia ceramic to achieve insulation between the outlet conductive head 31 and the outlet flange 23. The heating rod bundle 50 passes through the outlet conductive head 31 and is brazed to the outlet conductive head 31.

[0051] To ensure the reliability of the connection between the heating rod bundle 50 and the outlet conductive head 31, in this embodiment, the outlet conductive head 31 is provided with a second external cooling structure 33 and a second internal cooling structure 34.

[0052] The second external cooling structure 33 includes a cooling housing 331, a second external cooling inlet pipe 332, and a second external cooling outlet pipe 333. The cooling housing 331 is disposed outside the outlet conductive head 31 and forms an external cooling cavity 334 between it and the outer wall of the outlet conductive head 31. The external cooling cavity 334 communicates with the second external cooling inlet pipe 332 and the second external cooling outlet pipe 333. The external cooling cavity 334 is generally annular and adopts a non-fully-through structure to ensure that the cooling medium has a long cooling channel in the external cooling cavity 334.

[0053] The second internal cooling structure 34 includes an internal cooling cavity 341 disposed inside the outlet conductive head 31, and a second internal cooling inlet pipe 342 and a second internal cooling outlet pipe 343 respectively connected to the internal cooling cavity 341. The internal cooling cavity 341 is generally annular and adopts a non-full-through structure to ensure that the cooling medium has a long cooling channel in the internal cooling cavity 341.

[0054] like Figure 2 , Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the heating rod bundle 50 includes several parallel heating rods 51. The inlet insulating support 24, the outlet insulating support 25, and the outlet conductive head 31 are all provided with several through holes for the heating rods 51 to pass through. The heating rod 51 includes an inlet conductive rod 511, a heating section 512, and an outlet conductive rod 513 arranged in sequence. The inlet conductive rod 511 and the outlet conductive rod 513 are electrically connected to the flexible conductive member 13 and the outlet conductive head 31, respectively. The heating section 512 is the main conductive and heating component of the heating rod 51.

[0055] An insulating sleeve is provided on the outer side of the heating section 512, and several protrusions 514 are provided on the outer side of the insulating sleeve. The protrusions 514 support the adjacent heating rods 51 and the outermost heating rod 51 of the heating rod bundle 50 and the heating core cylinder 21, ensuring the flow gap distance between the outer ring heating rods 51 and the inner wall of the heating core cylinder 21, as well as between each heating rod 51. The heating section 512 is a hollow tube, and its inner sidewall is provided with an inner support ceramic 515. A thermocouple 516 is provided inside the inner support ceramic 515, and the thermocouple 516 is connected to the inner support ceramic 515 through a fixing bracket 517.

[0056] In this embodiment, all heating rods 51 adopt a multi-layer structure from the inside out. Since the outermost heating rod 51 is supported by the protrusion 514 between it and the heating core cylinder 21, the gap between the outermost heating rod 51 and the inner wall of the heating core cylinder 21 can be effectively reduced. At this time, the cross-section of the inner cavity of the heating core cylinder 21 is non-circular, which is suitable for heating the gas medium and allows the gas medium to be successfully heated to the limit test temperature.

[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An axial simulated heat transfer test apparatus for medium heat transfer testing, characterized in that, include: The inlet electrode (10), the pressure-bearing shell section (20), the outlet electrode (30), and the clamping flange (40) are arranged sequentially along the fluid flow direction. The pressure-bearing shell section (20) includes a heating core cylinder (21) and an inlet flange (22) and an outlet flange (23) disposed at the top and bottom of the heating core cylinder (21) and respectively connected to the inlet electrode (10) and the clamping flange (40). The inner cavity of the heating core cylinder (21) is provided with an inlet insulating support (24) and an outlet insulating support (25) at the top and bottom ends, respectively. The heating core cylinder (21) is provided with a heating rod bundle (50) inside. The heating rod bundle (50) passes through the inlet insulating support (24) and the outlet insulating support (25), respectively. The top and bottom ends of the heating rod bundle (50) are electrically connected to the inlet electrode (10) and the outlet electrode (30), respectively. The inlet flange (22) and outlet flange (23) are respectively connected to an inlet connecting pipe (26) and an outlet connecting pipe (27) that communicate with the inner cavity of the heating core cylinder (21); a sensor group is provided on the heating core cylinder (21).

2. The axial simulated heat transfer test apparatus for medium heat transfer testing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet electrode (10) includes a mounting base (11) and a conductive connector (12); the bottom end of the mounting base (11) is connected to the inlet flange (22), and the bottom end of the conductive connector (12) extends from the top end of the mounting base (11) into the inner cavity of the mounting base (11) and is electrically connected to the heating rod bundle (50) through a flexible conductive element (13). An insulating layer is provided between the inner wall of the mounting base (11) and between the mounting base (11) and the inlet flange (22).

3. The axial simulated heat transfer test apparatus for medium heat transfer testing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conductive connector (12) is sealed to the inner conical surface of the mounting base (11). The top of the mounting base (11) is provided with a sealing cap (14). The inner and outer sides of the sealing cap (14) are sealed to the conductive connector (12) and the mounting base (11) respectively through sealing rings (15). The conductive connector (12) is threaded to the side wall outside the mounting base (11) with a tension nut (16). The tension nut (16) is squeezed to the sealing cap (14) to provide sealing force for the conical sealing fit.

4. The axial simulated heat transfer test apparatus for medium heat transfer testing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inlet electrode (10) includes a first external cooling structure (17) and a first internal cooling structure (18) for cooling the sealing ring (15). The first external cooling structure (17) includes: a cooling ring groove (171) disposed in the top of the mounting base (11) and a first external cooling inlet pipe (172) and a first external cooling outlet pipe (173) disposed in the top of the mounting base (11) and communicating with the cooling ring groove (171). The first internal cooling structure (18) includes: an internal cooling hole (181), a cooling cap (182), a first internal cooling inlet pipe (183), and a first internal cooling outlet pipe (184); the internal cooling hole (181) extends from the top of the conductive connector (12) to the interior of the conductive connector (12), and the bottom of the internal cooling hole (181) corresponds to the cooling ring groove (171); the cooling cap (182) is disposed on the top of the conductive connector (12); and the first internal cooling inlet pipe (183) passes through... The cooling cap (182) extends into the internal cooling hole (181). There is a gap between the side wall of the first internal cooling inlet pipe (183) and the side wall of the internal cooling hole (181). There is a gap between the bottom of the first internal cooling inlet pipe (183) and the bottom wall of the internal cooling hole (181). The first internal cooling outlet pipe (184) is disposed on the cooling cap (182) and communicates with the gap between the side wall of the first internal cooling inlet pipe (183) and the side wall of the internal cooling hole (181).

5. The axial simulated heat transfer test apparatus for medium heat transfer testing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cooling annular groove (171) includes a connecting annular groove (174) and a plurality of parallel extended annular grooves (175); the connecting annular groove (174) is connected to the first external cooling inlet pipe (172) and the first external cooling outlet pipe (173), and the extended annular grooves (175) extend from the inner wall of the connecting annular groove (174) toward the inner cavity of the mounting base (11).

6. The axial simulated heat transfer test apparatus for medium heat transfer testing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet electrode (30) includes an outlet conductive head (31) and a conductive connecting plate (32) sleeved on the outside of the outlet conductive head (31); the outlet conductive head (31) is electrically connected to the conductive connecting plate (32), an insulating layer is provided between the outlet conductive head (31) and the outlet flange (23), the clamping flange (40) is connected to the outlet flange (23) to restrict the outlet conductive head (31) between the clamping flange (40) and the outlet flange (23), and the heating rod bundle (50) passes through the outlet conductive head (31).

7. The axial simulated heat transfer test apparatus for medium heat transfer testing according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outlet conductive head (31) is provided with a second external cooling structure (33) and a second internal cooling structure (34). The second external cooling structure (33) includes a cooling shell (331), a second external cooling inlet pipe (332), and a second external cooling outlet pipe (333); the cooling shell (331) is disposed on the outside of the outlet conductive head (31) and forms an external cooling cavity (334) between it and the outer wall of the outlet conductive head (31); the external cooling cavity (334) is connected to the second external cooling inlet pipe (332) and the second external cooling outlet pipe (333); The second internal cooling structure (34) includes an internal cooling cavity (341) disposed inside the outlet conductive head (31) and a second internal cooling inlet pipe (342) and a second internal cooling outlet pipe (343) respectively connected to the internal cooling cavity (341).

8. The axial simulated heat transfer test apparatus for medium heat transfer testing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating rod bundle (50) includes a plurality of parallel heating rods (51); the heating rod (51) includes an inlet conductive rod (511), a heating section (512) and an outlet conductive rod (513) arranged in sequence. The inlet conductive rod (511) and the outlet conductive rod (513) are electrically connected to the inlet electrode (10) and the outlet electrode (30), respectively. The heating section (512) has several protrusions (514) on its outer side. The protrusions (514) support the adjacent heating rods (51) and the outermost heating rod (51) of the heating rod bundle (50) and the heating core cylinder (21). The heating section (512) is a hollow tube with an inner support ceramic (515) on its inner wall. The thermocouple (516) is provided inside the inner support ceramic (515). The thermocouple (516) is connected to the inner support ceramic (515) through a fixing frame (517).

9. The axial simulated heat transfer test apparatus for medium heat transfer testing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating core cylinder (21) is fitted with an outer cylinder (28) on its outer side. The two ends of the outer cylinder (28) are respectively sealed to the inlet flange (22) and the outlet flange (23). There is a gap between the outer cylinder (28) and the heating core cylinder (21) to form a vacuum chamber (29). The inner wall of the vacuum chamber (29) is provided with a silver plating layer. The outer cylinder (28) includes a corrugated section (281).

10. The axial simulated heat transfer test apparatus for medium heat transfer testing according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The sensor group includes inlet and outlet temperature sensors (61) and inlet and outlet pressure sensors (62) both installed on the inlet flange (22) and outlet flange (23), as well as several heating section temperature sensors (63) and several heating section pressure sensors (64) installed on the side wall of the heating core cylinder (21).

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