Soft soil foundation multi-parameter measurement auxiliary device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a soft soil foundation multi-parameter measurement auxiliary device and method, and belongs to the technical field of engineering survey, and the device comprises a soft foundation measurement vehicle, a multifunctional measurement rod assembly, a mark putting mechanism and a data recording system. The soft foundation measuring vehicle adopts a crawler chassis with low grounding specific pressure, and can safely advance on soft soil through remote control. The multifunctional measuring rod assembly can be remotely controlled to ascend and descend, and soil humidity and bearing capacity measuring tools are integrally installed. And the mark putting mechanism realizes automatic marking of the measuring points. During measurement, an operator is located in a safe area for remote control operation, and after a vehicle arrives at a measuring point, mark putting, GNSS coordinate elevation acquisition, soil humidity measurement and foundation bearing capacity measurement are sequentially and automatically completed, and all data are wirelessly transmitted and automatically recorded. According to the invention, personnel can complete multi-parameter collaborative measurement at one time with high efficiency and high precision without entering a dangerous soft soil area, so that the operation safety and efficiency are remarkably improved, and the cost is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of engineering survey, and particularly relates to a soft soil foundation multi-parameter measurement auxiliary device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in long-distance pipe gallery construction, the engineering characteristics of soft soil foundation directly affect the construction safety and structural stability, so it is necessary to comprehensively collect foundation parameters. However, there are many outstanding problems in the measurement operation:

[0003] In terms of safety risk, the bearing capacity of soft soil foundation is insufficient, when a person carrying equipment enters, the ground contact pressure is large due to the body weight concentrated on the feet, and subsidence accidents are prone to occur. At the same time, the accumulated water in the soft soil area can cover the real condition of the foundation, and the dense vegetation can hinder the progress, further increasing the difficulty of manual entry, so that manual entry into the site for measurement and marking work has great safety hazards;

[0004] In terms of measurement efficiency, the traditional method needs three operations, first using a total station to measure the elevation, then using a hygrometer to measure the water content, and finally using a penetration instrument to measure the bearing capacity. A single measurement of 1000-meter pipe gallery axis requires multiple people to cooperate, and takes 2-3 days. Repeated entry into the same area will disturb the foundation, resulting in distorted data;

[0005] In terms of device adaptability, existing measurement devices are mostly general types, without considering the characteristics of soft soil foundation. For example, after the ordinary measuring rod (i.e. centering rod) is inserted into soft soil, it is prone to tilt due to the difficulty of soft soil to provide sufficient support, resulting in an elevation measurement error of ±30mm. The electronic hygrometer has a high failure rate and poor stability in a humid environment;

[0006] Other measurement methods also have limitations. Although unmanned aerial vehicles can replace manual work to some extent to observe some areas, they are obviously insufficient in soft soil foundation measurement. In soft soil areas with dense trees, the signal is easily blocked by dense branches and leaves, resulting in a significant decrease in positioning accuracy, and it is difficult to carry multiple measurement devices for close-range and high-precision parameter measurement. For parameters such as elevation, humidity, and bearing capacity that require contact measurement, data cannot be effectively obtained, and the demand for multi-parameter measurement of soft soil foundation cannot be met.

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to focus on the multi-parameter collaborative measurement of low bearing capacity foundations such as soft soil, silt, marsh, and newly filled soil. Relying on an efficient collaborative operation system, core parameters such as terrain elevation, soil humidity, and foundation bearing capacity are safely collected to provide reliable basic data for long-distance pipe gallery construction and geological survey, and to ensure engineering safety and structural stability. A soft soil foundation multi-parameter measurement auxiliary device and method are provided to solve some of the problems mentioned in the background art or achieve better technical effects.

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the inventors, through practice and summarization, derived the technical solution of this invention. This invention provides a low-cost, easy-to-operate soft soil foundation measurement scheme. Through a simple device and standardized process, it achieves simultaneous acquisition of multiple parameters. The core advantage lies in the fact that operators can complete all positioning, setting out, and parameter measurement operations without entering the soft soil foundation. This invention discloses an auxiliary device for multi-parameter measurement of soft soil foundations, specifically comprising two parts: the auxiliary device and the measurement method.

[0009] I. Auxiliary Devices

[0010] 1. Soft Soil Measurement Vehicle: Based on a general-purpose unmanned electric load-bearing chassis, the core power system is retained, and only mechanical structure adjustments are made without software modification.

[0011] The vehicle's walking and load-bearing structure design fully considers the installation requirements of each component of the device (positioning, measuring rod, and marker placement), reserving ample space: it adopts two small rubber tracks (each track has a ground contact length of 60cm and a width of 15cm), with a total ground contact area of ​​no less than 1800cm². Combined with the overall weight of the empty vehicle (20kg) and the maximum load of 8kg, the ground contact pressure of the entire vehicle is controlled within 1.6kPa, far below the lower limit of soft soil bearing capacity, ensuring stable handling of soft soil surfaces and preventing subsidence; the track surface is designed with grip ribs to enhance adhesion on muddy roads and ensure stable movement in complex soft soil terrain. The frame is welded from 30×30mm square steel pipes, with an overall length of 120cm, width of 80cm, and height of 45cm, and a self-weight of no more than 20kg, making it easy for two people to lift and transport; the cargo bed is an open metal frame (60×40cm). The frame is divided as follows: a 20×15cm area on the left is used to fix a multi-functional measuring rod assembly (including a telescopic rod, anti-sinking base, soil moisture meter probe interface, and manual penetration instrument interface); a 30×20cm area on the right is used to place the marker delivery slide and markers; a 10×10cm space in the middle is used to install the GNSS receiver main unit; the edge of the truck bed is equipped with a 15cm high guardrail to prevent items from slipping off; the chassis ground clearance is not less than 18cm, which can reduce the scraping with ground protrusions during driving and improve the ability to pass through complex terrain.

[0012] Power and Control: The original power system of the unmanned electric chassis is retained, but its complex navigation control system is removed, leaving only remote control buttons for three basic functions: forward, reverse, and stop. An integrated multi-functional measuring rod assembly drive and control unit (including electric push rod control, tool switching control, and sensor reading receiving module (such as a Bluetooth receiver)) is integrated. Using a handheld controller, construction personnel can remotely control the vehicle's movement and perform all measurement actions from a safe area, and view measurement readings in real time via an integrated display screen or a connected GNSS handheld device / mobile app, ensuring complete personnel safety. The positioning and layout function relies on manual guidance and confirmation by the operator based on location information from the GNSS handheld device.

[0013] Emergency Control and Safety Protection: The handheld remote control features a dedicated, prominent physical emergency stop button. Pressing this button immediately cuts off vehicle power, halting all movement (movement, measuring rod raising / lowering) to handle any emergency. The system has a pre-set safety threshold (e.g., tilt angle > 10°) that triggers the onboard control unit's autonomous protection program, automatically cutting off power and applying the brakes to prevent rollover or motor burnout. If the vehicle is slightly stuck, the operator can activate the "get-out-of-trouble mode" via the remote control. In this mode, the vehicle's two tracks alternately rotate forward and backward at differential speed, simulating a "swinging" motion and using the track grip bars to stir the surrounding soil, attempting to create conditions for the vehicle to escape.

[0014] Positioning and layout components: The GNSS receiver mounted on the upper part of the vehicle body is the core positioning and elevation measurement equipment. Its matching handheld device has built-in measurement software that can automatically record coordinates and elevation.

[0015] The specific process is as follows: Pre-store coordinates -> Vehicle travels along the planned route (operator can make minor adjustments) -> Arrive at the target point (operator confirms) -> GNSS receiver / handheld record the coordinates (x, y) and elevation (h) of the point -> Trigger marker deployment -> Proceed to the next point. For example: "First, import the coordinate file generated based on the CAD drawings and stakeout points into the GNSS receiver and its accompanying handheld. The operator starts the soft-ground survey vehicle via the handheld controller (handheld). The vehicle, guided by the positioning signal provided by the GNSS receiver and the preset route, travels towards the target point under the operator's monitoring. When the GNSS receiver / handheld displays that the vehicle's position has entered the preset coordinate tolerance range (e.g., ±1m), the operator confirms the position. The GNSS handheld automatically records the point number, plane coordinates (x, y), and elevation (h), and manually triggers the marker deployment mechanism to release the corresponding numbered marker. Subsequently, the operator guides the vehicle to the next target point, repeating the above positioning, recording, and deployment process until all stakeout points are completed."

[0016] 2. Multifunctional measuring rod assembly

[0017] Functional positioning: As a vehicle-mounted measurement tool carrier, it is fixed on a soft soil surveying vehicle and used to automatically measure soil moisture and foundation bearing capacity at the measurement points.

[0018] Structure and Installation: This component is fixedly installed in the reserved area on the left side of the soft soil surveying vehicle's cargo bed. The main body consists of a 3-section aluminum alloy telescopic rod (diameter 28 / 22 / 16mm), with a total length adjustable and lockable within the range of 0.6-2.2m. Two 30cm-spaced plastic clips are located in the middle of the rod, allowing for simultaneous installation of a soil moisture meter probe and a penetrometer. The clip design allows for staggered installation of the tools vertically: the moisture meter probe is installed in the lower clip (closer to the bottom of the rod), and the penetrometer is installed in the upper clip (further from the bottom of the rod). When the measuring rod is lowered, the moisture meter probe first contacts the soil and inserts to the preset depth for measurement; after raising the measuring rod, the penetrometer is adjusted to the lower position (or the tool sequence is switched via remote control), and the measuring rod is lowered again for load-bearing capacity measurement. Tool switching can be achieved via a simple rotation or sliding mechanism controlled by remote control commands. The pole body is powder-coated for corrosion protection, and rubber sealing rings are installed at the joints of each section to prevent rainwater and mud from seeping into the interior and affecting the telescopic pole's adjustment function. A level bubble (accuracy 0.02mm / m) is installed at the top of the telescopic pole, allowing the operator to observe whether the measuring pole is vertical via remote control, ensuring that the insertion angle deviation is ≤1° and improving the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0019] Drive mechanism: Integrates a simple electric push rod or linear actuator to drive the measuring rod to perform vertical lifting and lowering movements, replacing manual hand operation.

[0020] Anti-sinking base: A removable circular iron plate (20cm in diameter, 3mm thick) at the bottom of the pole, secured with screws. Installed in extremely loose soft soil to prevent excessive sinking of the measuring pole; however, when measuring moisture or bearing capacity, the base must be removed, leaving only the conical pole head to ensure the tool can be directly inserted into the soil. The base can be retained in hard soil sections.

[0021] Equipment Fixing and Operation: The pole is fixedly installed in the designated area on the left side of the vehicle, with a pre-reserved mounting position for a GNSS receiver at the top and two 30cm-spaced plastic clips in the middle for quick installation of a pointer-type soil moisture meter probe or a manual penetrator during measurement. Measurement Operation: After the vehicle arrives at the measurement point and the marker is placed, the operator remotely controls the raising / lowering / pressing of the measuring pole to perform the measurement work via remote control commands.

[0022] Soil Moisture Sensor: Employs a digitally displayed insertion probe with a miniature Bluetooth transmitter integrated into the probe connection cable. Moisture measurement is achieved by vertically inserting the hygrometer probe into the soil to a preset depth using a control rod. The probe is coated with a 0.1mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer to enhance corrosion resistance and suitability for acidic or alkaline soft soil environments. The preset depth is adjustable via graduations on the control rod (1cm accuracy), supporting 5cm, 10cm, and 15cm depths to meet the moisture measurement needs of different soil layers. The moisture value (%) measured by the probe is transmitted in real-time via Bluetooth to the display screen integrated into the handheld controller or to a connected GNSS handheld device / mobile app.

[0023] Foundation bearing capacity tester: Employs a digital display electric penetrator with an integrated miniature Bluetooth transmitter module. Bearing capacity measurement involves controlling the measuring rod to vertically and uniformly press the penetrator into the soil until it can no longer sink. The penetrator head is made of hard alloy to reduce wear during the pressing process. The measuring rod drive mechanism has a built-in pressure sensor that automatically stops pressing when the pressure exceeds a preset value, preventing damage from excessive force. Simultaneously, a buzzer sound is emitted by the controller. The penetration depth (cm) measured by the penetrator is transmitted in real-time via Bluetooth to the display screen integrated into the handheld controller or a connected GNSS handheld device / mobile app.

[0024] 3. Signage Placement Organization

[0025] Identification Material: Orange foam blocks (10×10×5cm) are used, with numbers marked on the surface using a black marker. A passive label (10×5mm) is embedded inside the foam block, storing the measurement point number, preset coordinates, and other information. During subsequent reviews, the measurement points can be quickly identified using a card reader, preventing the numbers from becoming illegible due to foam block wear. Each block weighs ≤50g and is visible at a distance ≥50m in sunlight. Since people cannot enter the site to mark the points, this placement structure enables automatic label placement, facilitating subsequent measurement point identification.

[0026] The placement mechanism consists of a slide rail welded to the rear of the soft soil surveying vehicle, with a baffle at the top and an opening at the bottom aligned with the ground. Markers are neatly stacked inside the slide rail (up to 20 at a time). When placement is needed, workers remotely trigger the placement mechanism via a handheld controller, causing the foam blocks to slide down the slide rail to the ground. The placement mechanism has a built-in infrared counting sensor that automatically records the remaining number of markers after each placement and displays this information in real-time on the handheld controller screen, preventing missed markers due to insufficient markers. A 0.05mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene film is pasted on the inner wall of the slide rail to reduce the resistance of the foam blocks, ensuring a placement position deviation of ≤10cm and precise alignment with the measuring points, eliminating the need for manual entry into hazardous areas.

[0027] 4. Data recording tools

[0028] The GNSS handheld device has built-in measurement software that automatically records the measurement point number, coordinates (x, y), and elevation (h). The soil moisture meter probe and penetrometer transmit data in real-time to the handheld device or mobile app via Bluetooth. The software automatically associates and stores the moisture value (%) and penetration depth (cm). For backup and on-site verification, operators can manually record key data (such as measurement point number, identification number, and remarks) on custom recording paper (A4 size, waterproof printing), but electronic recording is the primary method. All electronic data can be exported to standard formats (such as .dat or .csv) for subsequent analysis.

[0029] II. Measurement Methods

[0030] Following the workflow of first setting out the layout and then measuring, the operators remained in a safe area outside the soft soil foundation zone throughout the entire process. The specific steps are as follows:

[0031] 1. Measurement Preparation Stage

[0032] Coordinate preparation: In the early stage of construction, coordinates are picked up and layout points are selected and densified based on the CAD electronic map indoors using software, coordinate data files are generated and imported into the GNSS receiver and matching handheld device.

[0033] Soft-ground surveying vehicle: Check battery, remote control function, track condition, and GNSS signal reception. Test Bluetooth transmission distance (≥50m without obstruction, ≥30m with obstruction), and install a Bluetooth signal booster if necessary.

[0034] Multifunctional measuring rod assembly: Adjust the telescopic rod length and lock it. Install the sensor according to measurement needs: First, remove the anti-sinking base, then install the soil moisture meter probe using the upper clip on the rod, and the penetrator using the lower clip. Ensure the clips are securely fastened. Turn on the sensor power and check Bluetooth pairing.

[0035] Identification: Mark the foam blocks with a marker in advance (in the order of the station number, such as "K0+010", "K0+020"), neatly stack them in the delivery chute and cover them with a baffle.

[0036] Recording tools: The GNSS handheld device has built-in measurement software that automatically records the measurement point number, coordinates (x, y), and elevation (h). The soil moisture meter probe and penetrometer transmit data in real-time to the handheld device or mobile app via Bluetooth. The software automatically associates and stores the moisture value (%) and penetration depth (cm). For backup and on-site verification, operators can manually record key data (such as measurement point number, identification number, and remarks) on customized recording paper (A4 size, waterproof printing), but electronic recording is the primary method. All electronic data can be exported to standard formats (such as .dat or .csv) for subsequent analysis.

[0037] 2. On-site measurement work

[0038] Vehicle movement, positioning, and stakeout: The operator stands in a safe area and controls the soft soil surveying vehicle using a handheld controller. The vehicle's position coordinates (horizontal and vertical, horizontal accuracy ≤0.5m) displayed in real-time on the GNSS handheld device are compared with preset coordinates for guidance. When the vehicle's position enters the preset coordinate tolerance range (e.g., ±0.5m), the operator confirms the point location. If there is water accumulation (depth > 5cm) in the measurement area, the operator uses a remote control to adjust the vehicle's position, ensuring the measuring rod avoids the waterlogged area. A dry area at the edge of the waterlogged area is selected as a substitute measurement point, and the operator notes "Original measurement point had water accumulation; adjusted to XX meters in XX direction" in the "Remarks" column of the recording paper. Simultaneously, the distance between the substitute measurement point and the original measurement point is measured to ensure a deviation ≤2m, avoiding affecting the representativeness of the data.

[0039] The marker delivery mechanism is triggered to release the marker with the corresponding number to the measuring point.

[0040] Elevation measurement: The GNSS receiver automatically measures the elevation (h) of the point when the vehicle is positioned. When the operator confirms the measurement point, the handheld device software automatically or manually records the point number, coordinates (x, y) and elevation (h).

[0041] Humidity Measurement: Using the remote control of the multi-functional measuring rod, vertically insert the installed digital humidity sensor probe into the soil at the measuring point to the specified depth (e.g., 10cm). After waiting for the reading to stabilize (approximately 5 seconds), the operator and recorder read and record the humidity value (%) via Bluetooth transmission through the handheld controller display or GNSS handheld device / APP.

[0042] Bearing capacity measurement: Using a remote-controlled multi-functional measuring rod, the installed digital penetrator is vertically and uniformly pressed into the soil at the measuring point until the resistance becomes too great to continue. The operator and recorder read and record the penetration depth (cm) via Bluetooth transmission through the handheld controller display or GNSS handheld device / APP. If a hard obstacle such as a rock is encountered during the penetration process, and the penetration depth suddenly becomes less than 3cm, the operator must note "hard obstacle below the measuring point" in the "Remarks" column of the recording paper, and select two backup measuring points within 1m of the original measuring point to repeat the measurement. The average of the two measurements is taken as the final data to ensure the reliability of the bearing capacity data.

[0043] Proceed to the next measurement point: After completing the marking, elevation recording, humidity and load-bearing capacity measurement of the current measurement point, the operator controls the vehicle to move to the next preset measurement point and repeats the above process.

[0044] 3. Data processing and analysis

[0045] Data verification: After the day's measurements are completed, verify the recorded data. Focus on verifying the rationality and consistency of GNSS elevation, Bluetooth-transmitted humidity, and penetration depth data.

[0046] Elevation Profile: First, export the GNSS handheld data in .dat format, then organize it into a "point number, y, x, h" format using Excel before importing it into CASS to plot the elevation points. Next, draw a composite line along the cross-sectional direction to generate a mileage file and set the cross-sectional parameters. Then, in CASS, select "Based on Mileage File" to draw the cross-sectional view, setting the horizontal and vertical scales and positions. After confirming, an elevation profile is generated, accurately representing the terrain undulations and providing intuitive data support for engineering design.

[0047] Humidity Zoning Map: On the utility tunnel plan, use red (>70%), yellow (30-70%), and green (<30%) markers to mark the humidity at each measuring point, dividing the area into high, medium, and low humidity zones.

[0048] Bearing capacity assessment: The grade is determined according to the penetration depth (≤5cm is "hard", 6-15cm is "medium", and >15cm is "soft"), and the grade is marked with symbols (such as "△", "○" and "□") on the recording paper.

[0049] Archiving and Preservation: Bind the record sheets and hand-drawn charts into a booklet, numbered "Measurement Record of Soft Soil Foundation for Pipe Gallery K0+000-K1+000 Section", and store it in the site file cabinet. Register when borrowing.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:

[0051] 1. Safety benefits: The operator is located in a safe area outside the soft soil zone throughout the process, avoiding the risk of human sinking; the grounding pressure of the device is ≤1.6kPa, which is far below the lower limit of the soft soil bearing capacity, eliminating the risk of vehicles sinking; all equipment is designed to be waterproof and corrosion resistant, adaptable to complex soft soil environments, and reduces the risk of personnel having to perform on-site maintenance due to equipment failure.

[0052] 2. Efficiency and benefits: It enables the one-time measurement of multiple parameters such as "positioning, marking, elevation, humidity and bearing capacity", and the measurement time of the axis of the 1000-meter soft soil foundation pipe gallery is ≤6 hours (2-3 days with traditional methods), which improves efficiency by more than 90%; there is no need to repeatedly enter the soft soil area, avoiding data distortion caused by foundation disturbance and reducing the amount of rework measurement work.

[0053] 3. Cost-effectiveness: The device is based on a general unmanned electric chassis, eliminating the need for a customized complex navigation system and reducing manufacturing costs by 60%; the device weighs ≤28kg (including load), requiring only 2 people to move it, reducing manpower input; electronic data storage and cloud backup reduce paper records and data management costs.

[0054] 4. Precision and Efficiency: After control point correction, the GNSS positioning accuracy is ≤3cm in plane and ≤3cm in elevation; the humidity meter error is within ±2%, and the penetration tester error is within ±0.5cm; the measuring rod level and pressure sensor assist in ensuring accurate measurement angle and force. Attached Figure Description

[0055] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0056] Figure 1 Left view of the soft soil surveying vehicle

[0057] Figure 2 Front view of the soft soil surveying vehicle

[0058] Figure 3 Top view of the soft soil surveying vehicle

[0059] Figure 4 3D schematic diagram of the soft soil surveying vehicle

[0060] Figure 5 Multifunctional measuring rod

[0061] Figure 6 Workflow diagram

[0062] The components include: 1. Tracks, 2. Anti-sinking base, 3. Truck bed, 4. Drop device bracket, 5. Marker drop device, 6. Power supply system, 7. GNSS receiver, 8. Antenna, 9. Multi-functional measuring rod, 10. Multi-functional measuring rod fixing bracket, 11. Guardrail, 12. Frame, 13. Power drive unit, 14. Marker, 15. GNSS centering rod, 16. Buckle, 17. Telescopic rod, 18. Handheld device, 19. Multi-functional measuring rod GNSS receiver, 20. GNSS receiver antenna, 21. Handheld device fixing bracket, 22. Pressure sensor, 23. Ground contact trigger controller, 24. Penetrator, 25. Multi-functional trigger probe. Detailed Implementation

[0063] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0064] The application principle of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] like Figures 1-6 As shown:

[0067] 1. Based on the design drawings, use drawing software (such as AutoCAD) to densify the selected measuring points along the pipe gallery axis (the spacing is determined according to the geological complexity), and generate coordinate files for all measuring points. Import the coordinate files into the surveying handbook that comes with the GNSS receiver. Ensure the battery is fully charged; test the forward, backward, and stop functions of the remote control; check that the tension of the two rubber tracks is appropriate and there is no damage, and confirm that the track grip bars are intact; confirm that the GNSS receiver can quickly and stably receive satellite signals and perform positioning after being powered on.

[0068] 2. Securely install the digital soil moisture meter probe onto the middle plastic clip of the multi-functional measuring rod assembly. Securely install the digital penetrometer onto the lower plastic clip of the measuring rod assembly. Install the anti-sinking base (round iron plate) at the bottom of the measuring rod and tighten the screws. Turn on the power to the moisture meter probe and penetrometer, and check if their built-in small display screen is working properly (if using Bluetooth transmission, check the pairing and signal with the handheld device or dedicated display).

[0069] 3. Neatly stack the pre-numbered orange foam markers (e.g., K0+000, K0+020...) into the delivery chute at the rear of the vehicle and cover them with a baffle. Check that the infrared counting sensor of the delivery mechanism is working properly; the handheld controller display should show the remaining number of markers (e.g., 20 / 20). The quantity will update automatically after delivery; replenish promptly if insufficient. Prepare a customized waterproof recording form and pen.

[0070] 4. Start the soft soil survey vehicle using the handheld remote control, and the vehicle smoothly enters the soft soil area. Observe the actual position of the vehicle and the real-time vehicle coordinates and preset target point coordinates displayed on the GNSS handheld screen. Guide the vehicle towards the target measurement point using the remote control. When the handheld screen shows that the vehicle position has entered the preset point coordinate tolerance range, confirm that the vehicle has reached the target measurement point.

[0071] 5. Upon reaching the measurement point, remotely trigger the deployment of the marker, and the corresponding numbered foam block slides down the slide to the ground next to the vehicle.

[0072] 6. The coordinates (x, y) and elevation (h) of the point have been automatically acquired during vehicle positioning. After confirming the measurement point number on the handheld device, the handheld device software automatically stores the coordinates and elevation data of the point.

[0073] 7. Lower the multi-functional measuring rod using the remote control. The soil moisture meter probe mounted on the rod is vertically inserted into the soil at the measurement point to the specified depth. After stabilizing for several seconds, the probe's built-in display (or the dedicated display / handheld Bluetooth receiver interface observed by Operator B) shows a stable humidity reading. Operator B immediately records this value manually in the "Humidity (%)" column of the recording form. Raise the measuring rod remotely to lift the humidity probe off the ground.

[0074] 8. Lower the measuring rod again using the remote control. The penetrometer mounted on the rod is then vertically and uniformly pressed into the soil near the same measuring point. During the pressing process, the operator maintains the command to press down at a constant speed until the penetrometer can no longer be pressed down due to excessive resistance. At this point, the penetrometer's built-in display shows the final penetration depth. Record the penetration depth (cm). Raise the measuring rod remotely to lift the penetrometer off the ground.

[0075] 9. Remotely drive the vehicle to the next preset measurement point. Check that all data (coordinates, elevation, humidity, penetration depth) are complete.

[0076] 10. After reaching the next measuring point, repeat the above complete process: deploy the marker block -> record the coordinate elevation -> insert the remote control measuring rod into the humidity probe to measure and record the humidity -> press the remote control multi-functional measuring rod into the penetrometer to measure and record the penetration depth -> drive to the next measuring point.

[0077] 11. This process is repeated, with the vehicle traveling along a pre-set route through the soft soil area. At each measuring point, all four tasks—"deploying markers, recording elevation, measuring humidity, and measuring bearing capacity"—are completed sequentially and in one go. Taking the measurement of the soft soil foundation section K0+200-K0+500 of a certain urban integrated utility tunnel as an example, this area consists of silty soft soil with a bearing capacity of approximately 8-12 kPa, a vegetation coverage of 60%, and localized water accumulation (5-10 cm deep). When using this device, a total of 30 measuring points were set up (spaced 10 m apart), with two operators working together. The entire measurement was completed in 4 hours, which is more than 80% more efficient than the traditional method (2-3 days). Measurement data shows that the average moisture content of the soft soil in this section is 65% (range 52%-78%), and the average penetration depth is 12cm (range 8-18cm). The section from K0+350 to K0+400 is a high-moisture soft soil area (moisture content > 75%, penetration depth > 15cm). Cement mixing piles were used to reinforce this area during subsequent construction. After testing, the bearing capacity of the foundation was increased to 180kPa, which meets the requirements for the construction of the utility tunnel.

[0078] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

[0079] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A multi-parameter measurement auxiliary device for soft soil foundations, characterized in that, include: Soft soil surveying vehicle, multi-functional surveying pole assembly, marker delivery mechanism, and data recording system; The soft soil surveying vehicle includes a frame (12), a power drive device (13), two rubber tracks (1), and a remote control system. The frame (12) is equipped with a cargo box (3). The single grounding length of each track (1) is 60cm and the width is 15cm. The grounding specific voltage of the whole vehicle is not greater than 1.6kPa. The remote control system includes a handheld controller for controlling the vehicle's movement and stopping. The multifunctional measuring rod assembly is installed on the left side of the truck bed (3) via a fixed bracket (10), including a telescopic rod (17), an electric push rod that drives the telescopic rod (17) to rise and fall vertically, and at least one buckle (16) on the rod body, the buckle (16) being used to install a soil moisture meter probe or a penetrator (24). The sign delivery mechanism includes a delivery chute (5) located at the rear of the vehicle, which is used to receive and guide the sign (14) to slide to the ground; The data recording system includes a GNSS receiver (7) and its antenna (8) mounted on the vehicle body, and a GNSS handbook (18) for recording data.

2. The multi-parameter measurement auxiliary device for soft soil foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge of the truck bed (3) is provided with a protective railing (11); the soft soil surveying vehicle also includes a power supply system (6) for supplying power to each electrical component.

3. The multi-parameter measurement auxiliary device for soft soil foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The handheld controller of the remote control system is equipped with an independent emergency stop button, and the soft foundation measurement vehicle is equipped with a side tilt angle detection module, which can automatically cut off the power and brake when the side tilt angle is greater than 10°.

4. The multi-parameter measurement auxiliary device for soft soil foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic rod (17) is a three-section aluminum alloy telescopic rod with a total length adjustable between 0.6m and 2.2m; the telescopic rod (17) has a level bubble installed at the top and an anti-sinking base (2) detachably installed at the bottom.

5. The multi-parameter measurement auxiliary device for soft soil foundation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The number of the buckles (16) is two, with a spacing of 30cm, for staggered installation of the soil moisture meter probe and the penetrator (24); the head of the penetrator (24) is made of hard alloy and is connected to a pressure sensor (22), and is equipped with a multi-functional trigger probe (25).

6. The multi-parameter measurement auxiliary device for soft soil foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The marker (14) is an orange foam block with a number marked on the surface and a passive label embedded inside; the delivery slide (5) is fixed to the rear of the vehicle by the delivery device bracket (4), and is equipped with an infrared counting sensor and has a polytetrafluoroethylene film pasted on its inner wall.

7. The multi-parameter measurement auxiliary device for soft soil foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil moisture meter probe is a digital insertion probe with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating and an integrated Bluetooth transmission module; the penetrator (24) is a digital electric penetrator with an integrated Bluetooth transmission module; the GNSS handheld device (18) is mounted on the vehicle body via a handheld device mounting bracket (21).

8. A method for multi-parameter measurement of soft soil foundation using the apparatus described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 Measurement Preparation: Import the coordinate file of the measurement point generated based on the design drawings into the GNSS handheld device (18); install the soil moisture meter probe and penetrator (24) on the buckle (16) of the multi-functional measuring rod assembly; and insert the numbered marker (14) into the delivery slide (5). S2 Remote Operation: The operator controls the soft soil surveying vehicle to travel to the vicinity of the target measurement point from a safe area using a handheld controller; S3 Positioning and Layout: When the vehicle position enters the preset coordinate tolerance range, the operator confirms the point and the GNSS handheld device (18) records the coordinates and elevation of the point; then the marker delivery mechanism is remotely triggered to release the marker with the corresponding number (14). S4 parameter measurement: Remote control of the multi-functional measuring rod assembly. First, the soil moisture meter probe is vertically inserted into the soil to the preset depth. After the probe contacts the soil, the measurement is started by the ground trigger controller (23). The data is transmitted to the handheld device via Bluetooth. Then, the penetrometer (24) is vertically pressed into the soil. The resistance is monitored by the pressure sensor (22). The data is transmitted to the handheld device via Bluetooth. S5 Repeat steps S2 to S4 until all measurement points are completed; S6 Data Processing: Export measurement data to generate elevation profile maps, humidity zoning maps, and bearing capacity assessment charts.

9. The multi-parameter measurement method for soft soil foundation according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S2, if the vehicle gets slightly stuck, the get-out-of-trouble mode is activated by the handheld controller, and the two tracks (1) are controlled to alternately rotate forward and reverse in a differential manner.

10. The method for multi-parameter measurement of soft soil foundation according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S3, if there is water depth greater than 5cm in the measuring area, the vehicle is adjusted to a dry area at the edge of the water as an alternative measuring point for measurement, and this is noted in the record. In step S4, the pressing action of the penetrator (24) is driven by the electric push rod, and the penetrating endpoint is determined by the multi-functional trigger probe (25).

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