Water-saving, recarburizing and fertilizing artificial soil and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses water-saving, recarburizing and fertilizing artificial soil and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: according to the multi-objective optimization requirement of degraded soil, aiming at the problems of single function, incomplete product quality evaluation and unstable inter-batch performance of current artificial soil, compounding high-nutrient organic compost, strong-water-storage organic compost and yellow subsoil according to a primary formula to prepare a primary screening material, and representing basic physicochemical properties, hydraulic characteristics and oxygen supply capacity; and constructing a minimum data set, preferably determining an optimal formula by using a soil quality index evaluation method, and further preparing artificial soil products on a large scale. The artificial soil prepared by the technical scheme has high organic matter and nutrient content and good moisture infiltration-storage performance, provides a multi-effect and stable-performance improved material for ecological management, and is suitable for the fields of urban landscaping land construction, mine ecological restoration, homestead reclamation and greening and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The patent belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a water-saving carbon-increasing and fertility-increasing artificial soil and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] For a long time, high-intensity human activities have caused significant adverse effects on soil quality, leading to serious degradation of soil functions. Artificial soil is a kind of improved material that simulates natural soil by compounding organic and inorganic components. Covering or replacing degraded soil with artificial soil can significantly improve the soil properties and ecological functions of the target area. Therefore, artificial soil technology has important significance in soil improvement and ecological reconstruction.

[0003] Artificial soil raw materials are diverse in origin and products are different in properties. Weiler et al. (2020) prepared artificial soil by mixing fine coal waste and municipal organic fertilizer, and found that the artificial soil prepared by mixing fine coal waste and organic compost significantly improved the planting effect of plants. When the soil organic matter content was adjusted to 5%, the stem and root growth of plants was significantly higher than that in the treatment group with 2.5% organic matter. Wang et al. (2023) improved soil properties by adding different doses of biogas residue compost, and the results showed that when the addition amount of biogas residue compost increased from 0% to 20%, the biomass of Chinese cabbage increased significantly, but when the addition amount exceeded 20%, the growth of Chinese cabbage was inhibited. Patent CN 119908286A proposes a method for synthesizing artificial soil from solid waste, which uses river silt, fly ash, etc. to prepare artificial soil, improves the fertilizer retention capacity of artificially synthesized soil, and solves the problem of uneven mixing of solid waste and added modifiers in the prior art. Patent ZL 202410972955.7 proposes a multipurpose artificial soil and its preparation method and application, which physically compounds sediments, coal gangue and pore-forming agents, plasticizers, etc. to form artificial soil by granulation. The product can be used as high-standard farmland soil improvement and field road filling material, and has the function of fixing carbon dioxide.

[0004] As a carrier of biogeochemical processes and the basis for plant growth, soil needs to have good physicochemical properties and multiple ecological functions. However, the current preparation and screening methods of artificial soil do not comprehensively evaluate the product quality, and pay too much attention to fertility or plant planting effect, while ignoring key functional categories such as soil hydraulic properties, resulting in single function of most products and limited in-situ application effect. For example, in the improvement of green land, artificial soil with only high fertility cannot improve the water infiltration, storage and retention effect of soil, leading to low utilization efficiency of irrigation water for green plants, which is not conducive to the normal growth of greening plants and increases the maintenance investment and environmental burden. Therefore, the preparation of artificial soil should focus on multi-target comprehensive evaluation to determine the optimal compounding scheme and improve the efficiency and application range of the product.

[0005] In addition, due to the heterogeneity of different batches of raw materials, especially waste raw materials, the quality of artificial soil products may also deviate even at the same ratio. However, the existing artificial soil factory production method is relatively rough, the formula lacks dynamic adjustment, and it is difficult to ensure the uniformity of product quality and the reliability of performance. Therefore, it is still necessary to optimize the preparation method of artificial soil and provide technical support for producing artificial soil with multiple functions and stable quality. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the above shortcomings, the present application provides a water-saving and carbon-increasing artificial soil and a preparation method thereof. The component materials of the artificial soil are screened under the target of multi-target synergistic regulation, the primary screening materials are prepared, the soil quality is comprehensively evaluated, and the production formula is optimally determined, thereby providing a water-saving, carbon-increasing, and fertilizing artificial soil functional material and a preparation process route for soil improvement and ecological reconstruction.

[0007] The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0008] A preparation method of a water-saving and carbon-increasing artificial soil, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1, collecting organic waste to produce a high-nutrient organic compost and a strong water storage organic compost;

[0010] S2, mixing the high-nutrient organic compost, the strong water storage organic compost, and the yellow heart soil in the primary formula to prepare a primary screening material;

[0011] S3, characterizing the basic physicochemical properties, hydraulic properties, and nutrient supply capacity of the primary screening material, and constructing a minimum data set;

[0012] S4, carrying out multi-target comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the primary screening material, and calculating a soil quality index (SQI);

[0013] S5, selecting the formula of the primary screening material with the highest SQI in S4 as the production formula, and carrying out large-scale preparation of the artificial soil.

[0014] Specifically, the organic matter content of the high-nutrient organic compost in step S1 is not less than 35%, and the total nutrient content (∑(N+P2O5+K2O) is not less than 40 g / kg. The total porosity of the strong water storage organic compost is not less than 65%, and the capillary porosity is not less than 35%.

[0015] In step S1, the production raw materials of the high-nutrient organic compost include edible fungus residues, livestock and poultry manure, and food processing materials, preferably edible fungus residues. The production raw materials of the strong water storage organic compost include wood waste and straw, preferably wood waste.

[0016] The high-nutrient organic compost and high-water-storage organic compost in step S1 are prepared using a membrane-covered aerobic composting process. The specific process includes: crushing organic waste raw materials and conditioning agents to a particle size of 0-10 mm, mixing them evenly, using wood chips with a particle size of 1-2 mm as the conditioning agent for the high-nutrient organic compost (10% by volume), and corn cobs with a particle size of 0-10 mm as the conditioning agent for the high-water-storage organic compost (10% by volume). Adjusting the moisture content of the mixture to 50%-65%, feeding it into the composting device, and covering it with a molecular membrane. After two weeks of fermentation, turning the compost pile once, followed by a second fermentation for at least two weeks, and determining the production endpoint based on the compost product testing results. The endpoint indicator for composting is that the germination index of the plant seeds in the compost product is not less than 70%, with uncoated ryegrass seeds being the preferred choice.

[0017] The primary formula in step S2 is: the volume ratio of high-nutrient organic compost, strong water-retaining organic compost and yellow core soil is 15%~35%:15%~35%:50%.

[0018] The basic physicochemical properties in step S3 include pH, electrical conductivity, Kjeldahl nitrogen content, organic matter content, available phosphorus content, and available potassium content; the hydraulic properties include permeability coefficient, total porosity, non-capillary porosity, capillary porosity, and maximum water storage capacity; and the nutrient supply capacity includes seed survival rate, aboveground fresh weight, aboveground nitrogen content, aboveground phosphorus content, and aboveground potassium content.

[0019] Specifically, total porosity, non-capillary porosity, and capillary porosity were determined using the ring cutter method. pH was determined using the electrode method, and conductivity was determined using a conductivity meter. Kjeldahl nitrogen content was determined using the sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide method. Available phosphorus content was determined using the sodium bicarbonate extraction method. Available potassium content was determined using the ammonium acetate extraction method. Permeability coefficient was determined using the variable head method. Maximum water storage capacity was determined using the simulated irrigation-balanced weighing method. Seed survival rate, aboveground fresh weight, aboveground nitrogen content, aboveground phosphorus content, and aboveground potassium content were determined through plant cultivation experiments, with ryegrass cultivation experiments being the preferred method.

[0020] Depending on the needs, soil quality categories can be added or removed, the classification of test indicators can be adjusted, and the test methods for indicators can be changed.

[0021] The procedure for constructing the minimum dataset in step S3 is as follows: The test results of the basic physicochemical properties, hydraulic characteristics, and oxygen supply capacity of the primary screening materials are standardized using the range method; principal components with eigenvalues ​​greater than 1 are selected through principal component analysis, and the indicators with factor loadings greater than 0.5 in the principal components are included in the minimum dataset as high factor loading indicators. When two or more indicators are retained in the principal component, the high factor loading indicators are determined according to the correlation between the indicators. If the indicators are significantly correlated, the indicator with the largest sum of correlation coefficients is selected as the high factor loading indicator and included in the minimum dataset.

[0022] The formula for the standardization process using the range method described above is:

[0023] Where X represents the measured value of the indicator, X max and X min These represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the measured index, respectively.

[0024] The implementation procedure for the multi-objective comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the initial screening materials in step S4 is as follows: based on the soil quality benefits of each indicator in the minimum dataset, they are divided into positive benefit indicators and negative benefit indicators, and linear scores are calculated.

[0025] Specifically, the positive benefit indicators include pH, Kjeldahl nitrogen content, organic matter content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, permeability coefficient, total porosity, non-capillary porosity, capillary porosity, maximum water storage capacity, seed survival rate, aboveground fresh weight, aboveground nitrogen content, aboveground phosphorus content, and aboveground potassium content.

[0026] The formula for calculating the linear score of the positive benefit indicator is:

[0027] Among them, S NLi X represents the linear score of evaluation index i; i X represents the measured value of evaluation index i; i，max This represents the maximum measured value of evaluation index i.

[0028] Negative impact indicators include electrical conductivity. Other negative impact indicators can be added as needed.

[0029] The formula for calculating the linear score of the negative impact indicator is as follows:

[0030] Among them, S NLi X represents the linear score of evaluation index i; i X represents the measured value of evaluation index i; i，min This represents the minimum measured value of evaluation index i.

[0031] The soil quality index (SQI) calculation in step S4 is as follows:

[0032] Among them, W i To evaluate the weight value of index i, S NLi The linear score is used to evaluate index i.

[0033] The above W iThe numerical acquisition procedure is as follows: Principal component analysis is performed on the basic physicochemical properties, hydraulic characteristics, and oxygen supply capacity test indicators in the minimum dataset to obtain the common factor variance of each indicator. The proportion of the common factor variance of indicator i to the sum of the common factor variances of all indicators in the minimum dataset is calculated, which is W. i .

[0034] The water-saving, carbon-enriching, and fertile artificial soil prepared according to the above technical solution is characterized in that: the organic matter content of the artificial soil is higher than 20%, the total porosity is greater than 50%, the capillary porosity is greater than 40%, and the permeability coefficient is greater than 5×10⁻⁶. - 3 The speed is mm / s, and the seed survival rate is not less than 85%.

[0035] This patent also claims protection for the application of the water-saving, carbon-enhancing, and fertile artificial soil in areas such as urban greening construction, mine ecological restoration, and homestead reclamation and greening.

[0036] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this technical solution are as follows:

[0037] (1) Current artificial soil products are generally characterized by high fertility, with relatively simple functions and limited application scenarios. In traditional artificial soil preparation practices, compost products are only used as a source of soil nutrients and organic matter. However, this invention fully explores and utilizes the potential of some compost products to regulate soil hydraulic properties. By preparing and compounding high-nutrient compost and strong water-retention compost, and combining the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the initial screening materials with formula optimization, an artificial soil product formula that can effectively improve soil fertility, retain water efficiently, and fix carbon is proposed is put forward. This provides a new material with multiple functions and stable performance for multi-faceted synergistic improvement of soil quality.

[0038] (2) In view of the shortcomings of the current artificial soil production process in the market, such as extensive production process, lack of comprehensive quality assessment and dynamic adjustment of formula, the present invention adds a multi-objective comprehensive evaluation of soil quality - preliminary screening and formula optimization step to the artificial soil preparation scheme. This not only helps to produce artificial soil products with multiple improvement functions, but also effectively ensures the stability and excellence of product performance, solves the hidden danger of product quality fluctuation caused by the difference in the properties of raw materials in different batches, and provides a more comprehensive and scientific preparation method for artificial soil production. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the preparation process of the water-saving, carbon-enriching, and fertile artificial soil described in this patent;

[0040] Figure 2 These are the pH and electrical conductivity of the artificial soil in the examples;

[0041] Figure 3 This refers to the organic matter content of the artificial soil in the examples;

[0042] Figure 4 This refers to the effective potassium content of the artificial soil in the examples;

[0043] Figure 5 This refers to the effective phosphorus content of the artificial soil in the examples;

[0044] Figure 6 This refers to the Kjeldahl nitrogen content of the artificial soil in the examples. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The following will clearly and completely describe the water-saving, carbon-enhancing, and fertile artificial soil and its preparation method proposed in this invention, but this does not limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0046] Example 1: Preparation of raw materials for artificial soil organic compost

[0047] The collected wood waste was crushed into sawdust of 0-10 mm. The sawdust was directly mixed with corn cob conditioner (0-10 mm particle size) at a ratio of 9:1 (v / v) for fermentation. The moisture content was adjusted to 65%, and the mixture was sent to a composting device and covered with a molecular membrane. After two weeks of fermentation, the compost was turned over and fermented again for two weeks. Testing revealed that the germination index of uncoated ryegrass seeds in the compost product was 99%, which is greater than 70%. Therefore, composting was stopped, and the product was named sawdust compost, intended as a highly water-retaining organic compost for artificial soil preparation.

[0048] The collected edible mushroom residue was mixed with 1-2 mm wood chip conditioner at a ratio of 9:1 (v / v), the moisture content was adjusted to 65%, and the mixture was placed in a composting device and covered with a molecular membrane. After two weeks of fermentation, the pile was turned over and fermented again for two weeks. Testing revealed that the germination index of uncoated ryegrass seeds in the compost product was 72.7%, greater than 70%, so composting was stopped. The product was named mushroom residue compost and used as a high-nutrient organic compost for artificial soil preparation.

[0049] The basic physicochemical properties of the above compost products are shown in Table 1. The organic matter content of mushroom residue compost is 499.41 g / kg (49.94%), which is greater than 35%; the total nutrient content (∑(N+P2O5+K2O)) is 60.16 g / kg, which is greater than 40 g / kg. All of these indicators meet the requirements for high-nutrient organic compost. The capillary porosity of sawdust compost is 46.46%, which is greater than 40%; the total porosity is 76.58%, which is greater than 65%. All of these indicators meet the requirements for strong water-retention organic compost.

[0050] Table 1 Basic Physicochemical Properties of Compost

[0051] Example 2: Preparation and Characterization of Artificial Soil Primary Screening Materials

[0052] The raw materials for preparing the initial screening material of the artificial soil included local yellow soil and mushroom compost and sawdust compost produced in Example 1, which were sieved through a 2mm sieve. The initial formulations of the artificial soil were: T1, 35% mushroom compost + 15% sawdust compost + 50% yellow soil (v / v); T2, 25% mushroom compost + 25% sawdust compost + 50% yellow soil (v / v); T3, 15% mushroom compost + 35% sawdust compost + 50% yellow soil (v / v). Pure yellow soil was used as the blank control group (CK1), and experimental soil was prepared by mixing 50% commercially available peat + 50% yellow soil (v / v) as the control group for commercially available soil amendments (CK2). After thorough mixing, the mixture was set aside.

[0053] The physicochemical properties of the initial screening materials for artificial soil were characterized, including soil permeability coefficient, total porosity, capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and the contents of organic matter, Kjeldahl nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. Total porosity, non-capillary porosity, and capillary porosity were determined using the ring cutter method. pH was determined using the electrode method, and electrical conductivity was determined using a conductivity meter. Kjeldahl nitrogen content was determined using the sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide method. Available phosphorus content was determined using the sodium bicarbonate extraction method. Available potassium content was determined using the ammonium acetate extraction method. Permeability coefficient was determined using the variable head method.

[0054] Simultaneously, the maximum water storage capacity was determined using a simulated irrigation-balanced weighing method: 1 kg of pre-screened artificial soil material was weighed and placed in a flowerpot, simulating natural irrigation conditions, until the soil was completely saturated with water. The weight was then recorded, and the maximum water storage capacity was recorded. Subsequently, a potted plant cultivation experiment was conducted, using ryegrass as the experimental plant, with 30 seeds sown in each pot. Regular maintenance was performed, and the plants were harvested after 35 days. At the end of the cultivation, the seed germination rate and plant survival rate were recorded, and the seed survival rate (= seed germination rate × plant survival rate) was calculated. The above-ground parts of the plants were harvested. After washing and drying, the plant height and fresh weight were measured. After drying, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the above-ground parts of the plant samples was analyzed. Nitrogen analysis was performed using an elemental analyzer, and phosphorus and potassium analysis was performed using nitric acid digestion.

[0055] Table 2. Hydraulic properties of primary screening materials for artificial soil.

[0056] Table 3. Indicators related to the nutrient supply capacity of primary screening materials for artificial soil.

[0057] The test results are shown in Table 1 and Figures 2-6 The results showed that the soil pH ranged from 7 to 7.5 in the T1 to T3 treatment groups, and the total porosity, capillary porosity, organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, and Kjeldahl nitrogen content were significantly increased compared with CK1, and the organic matter and nutrient content were higher than those in CK2.

[0058] As shown in Table 3, the seed survival rate of the initial screening material system was slightly higher than that of pure yellow soil and commercially available soil amendments, with the T3 treatment group reaching the highest value of 94.43%. The aboveground fresh weight increased by 323%–507% and 140%–244% compared to the pure yellow soil treatment group and the commercially available soil amendment treatment group, respectively. Compared to the unamended soil CK1, the aboveground accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the initial screening materials was significantly increased. Specifically, the aboveground nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accumulation in the T1 treatment group were 32.80 mg / g, 7.98 mg / g, and 74.15 mg / g, respectively.

[0059] Example 3: Comprehensive Quality Assessment and Optimization of Production Formula for Artificial Soil Primary Screening Materials

[0060] Using different artificial soil primary screening materials in Example 2 as the object, test index data were collected to form a total dataset, and a comprehensive quality evaluation and production formula optimization of the artificial soil primary screening materials were carried out.

[0061] The test indicators from Example 2—permeability coefficient, maximum water storage capacity, total porosity, non-capillary porosity, capillary porosity, pH, electrical conductivity, Kjeldahl nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, seed survival rate, aboveground fresh weight, aboveground nitrogen, aboveground phosphorus, and aboveground potassium—were divided into three groups: soil hydraulic properties, basic soil physicochemical properties, and soil nutrient supply capacity. The range method was used to standardize each indicator, followed by principal component analysis of the three groups.

[0062] Table 4. Loading matrices of each metric in the minimum dataset

[0063] Based on the principal component analysis results (Table 4), and following the screening principle of eigenvalues ​​greater than 1, two components were extracted from soil hydraulic properties, with a cumulative contribution rate of 88.89%. One component was extracted from each of the basic soil physicochemical properties and soil nutrient supply capacity, with cumulative contribution rates of 93.31% and 72.52% respectively. In soil hydraulic properties, within the first principal component, all indicators except permeability coefficient were high-loading factors, and the correlations among these indicators were significant. The sum of their correlation coefficients was 3.49, 3.28, 2.74, and 3.57, respectively. The maximum water storage capacity had the highest sum of correlation coefficients and was therefore selected for the minimum dataset. In the second principal component, only the permeability coefficient had a factor loading greater than 0.5, thus it was selected for the minimum dataset. In the basic soil physicochemical properties, all indicators showed significant correlations, with Kjeldahl nitrogen having the highest loading factor and the largest sum of correlation coefficients, thus it was selected for the minimum dataset. Similarly, among the soil nutrient supply capacity indicators, the aboveground fresh weight loading factor was the highest, and it was included in the minimum dataset. In summary, a minimal dataset consisting of permeability coefficient, maximum water storage capacity, Kjeldahl nitrogen, and aboveground fresh weight was used for soil quality index evaluation.

[0064] After determining the indicators for the minimum dataset, the indicators are divided into two types based on their positive or negative impact on soil quality: those with positive benefits ("the more the better") and those with negative benefits ("the fewer the better"). Electrical conductivity is a negative benefit indicator, while the others are positive benefit indicators. The linear scores of each indicator are then calculated.

[0065] The formula for calculating the linear score of the positive benefit indicator is as follows:

[0066] Among them, S NLi X represents the linear score of evaluation index i; i X represents the measured value of evaluation index i. i , max represents the maximum value of the measured value of evaluation index i.

[0067] The formula for calculating the linear score of the negative benefit indicator is as follows:

[0068] Among them, X i，min This represents the minimum measured value of evaluation index i.

[0069] After selecting the minimum dataset, principal component analysis is performed to obtain the common factor variance of each evaluation indicator in the minimum dataset. The proportion of the common factor variance of indicator i to the sum of the common factor variances of all indicators in the minimum dataset is calculated, which is W. i The calculation results show that the minimum dataset contains the most stable permeability coefficient, maximum water storage capacity, Kjeldahl nitrogen, and aboveground fresh weight (W). iThe values ​​are 0.16, 0.25, 0.36, and 0.27, respectively.

[0070] The SQI is calculated using a weighted summation model, as shown in the following formula:

[0071] In the formula, W i S represents the weight value of the indicator. NLi Let represent the score of the i-th indicator, and n represent the number of indicators in the minimum dataset.

[0072] The results showed that the SQI ranking was T2 (0.93) > T1 (0.91) > T3 (0.75) > CK2 (0.42) > CK1 (0.27), with T2 having the highest SQI value. Furthermore, T2 had an organic matter content of 256.80 g / kg (25.68%), greater than 20%; a total porosity of 56.23%, greater than 50%; a capillary porosity of 53.43%, greater than 40%; and a permeability coefficient of 1.01 × 10⁻⁶. -2 mm / s, greater than 5×10 -3 mm / s; seed survival rate 94.06%, greater than 85%. The above indicators all meet the relevant requirements for water-saving, carbon-enhancing, and fertile artificial soil. Using this product to carry out ecological restoration projects can improve soil quality, reduce energy consumption, and increase carbon emissions.

[0073] Therefore, the formula of the initial screening material T2 (25% mushroom residue compost + 25% sawdust compost + 50% yellow soil (v / v)) was selected as the preferred formula for artificial soil production, and water-saving, carbon-enhancing and fertile artificial soil was produced on a large scale using the same batch of raw materials.

Claims

1. A method for preparing water-saving, carbon-enhancing, and fertile artificial soil, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, collect organic waste to produce a high-nutrient organic compost and a highly water-retentive organic compost; S2, according to the primary formula, the high-nutrient organic compost, strong water-retaining organic compost and yellow core soil in S1 are compounded to prepare the primary screening material. In the primary formula, the volume ratio of high-nutrient organic compost, water-retentive organic compost, and yellow core soil is 15%–35%: 15%–35%: 50%. S3 characterizes the basic physicochemical properties, hydraulic characteristics, and nutrient supply capacity of the primary screening materials to construct a minimal dataset. The indicators of the basic physicochemical properties include pH, electrical conductivity, Kjeldahl nitrogen content, organic matter content, available phosphorus content, and available potassium content. The indicators of the hydraulic characteristics include permeability coefficient, total porosity, non-capillary porosity, capillary porosity, and maximum water storage capacity. The indicators of nutrient supply capacity include seed survival rate, aboveground fresh weight, aboveground nitrogen content, aboveground phosphorus content, and aboveground potassium content. S4. Conduct a multi-objective comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the initial screening materials and calculate the Soil Quality Index (SQI). The calculation formula is as follows: Among them W i S represents the weight value of evaluation index i. NLi This represents the normalized score of evaluation index i; S5. Select the formulation of the primary screening material with the highest SQI value in S4 as the production formulation to prepare artificial soil on a large scale.

2. The method for preparing water-saving, carbon-enhancing, and fertile artificial soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the organic matter content of the high-nutrient organic compost is not less than 35%, the total nutrient content (∑(N+P2O5+K2O)) is not less than 40g / kg, the total porosity of the strong water-retaining organic compost is not less than 65%, and the capillary porosity is not less than 35%.

3. The method for preparing water-saving, carbon-enhancing, and fertile artificial soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials for producing high-nutrient organic compost in step S1 include edible mushroom residue, livestock and poultry manure, and food processing materials, with edible mushroom residue being preferred; the raw materials for producing high-water-storage organic compost include wood waste and straw, with wood waste being preferred; the production process for both high-nutrient organic compost and high-water-storage organic compost is a film-covered aerobic composting process, and the endpoint of composting is determined by the germination index of plant seeds in the compost product being no less than 70%.

4. The method for preparing water-saving, carbon-enhancing, and fertile artificial soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maximum water storage capacity in step S3 was determined using a simulated irrigation-balanced weighing method; seed survival rate, aboveground fresh weight, aboveground nitrogen content, aboveground phosphorus content, and aboveground potassium content were determined using plant cultivation experiments.

5. The method for preparing water-saving, carbon-enhancing, and fertile artificial soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The procedure for constructing the minimum dataset in step S3 is as follows: the test results of the basic physicochemical properties, hydraulic characteristics and oxygen supply capacity of the initial screening materials are combined into a total dataset, and the range method is used to standardize the values. Principal component analysis was performed on the standardized data. Principal components with eigenvalues ​​greater than 1 were selected, and indicators with factor loadings greater than 0.5 in these principal components were included in the minimum dataset as high factor loading indicators. If two or more indicators were retained in the principal components, high factor loading indicators were determined based on the correlation between the indicators. If the indicators were significantly correlated, the indicator with the largest sum of correlation coefficients was selected as the high factor loading indicator and included in the minimum dataset.

6. The method for preparing water-saving, carbon-enhancing, and fertile artificial soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The implementation procedure for the multi-objective comprehensive evaluation of the initial screening material quality in step S4 is as follows: Based on the soil quality benefits of each indicator in the minimum dataset, they are divided into positive benefit indicators and negative benefit indicators, and linear scores are calculated for each. Positive benefit indicators include pH, Kjeldahl nitrogen content, organic matter content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, permeability coefficient, total porosity, non-capillary porosity, capillary porosity, maximum water storage capacity, seed survival rate, aboveground fresh weight, aboveground nitrogen content, aboveground phosphorus content, and aboveground potassium content. The formula for calculating the linear score is: Among them, S NLi X represents the linear score of evaluation index i; i X represents the measured value of evaluation index i. i，max This represents the maximum measured value of evaluation index i; The negative performance indicator is electrical conductivity, and the formula for calculating the linear score is: Among them, S NLi X represents the linear score of evaluation index i; i X represents the measured value of evaluation index i. i，min This represents the minimum measured value of evaluation index i.

7. The method for preparing water-saving, carbon-enhancing, and fertile artificial soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: W in step S4 i The numerical acquisition procedure is as follows: Based on principal component analysis, the test indicators of basic physicochemical properties, hydraulic characteristics, and oxygen supply capacity are divided into multiple principal components. The common factor variance of each evaluation indicator is calculated, and the proportion of the common factor variance of indicator i to the sum of the common factor variances of all indicators in its principal component is calculated, which is W. i Numerical value.

8. A water-saving, carbon-enriching, and fertile artificial soil prepared according to any one of claims 1-7.

9. The artificial soil for water conservation, carbon enrichment, and fertilization according to claim 8, characterized in that: Artificial soil has an organic matter content greater than 20%, total porosity greater than 50%, capillary porosity greater than 40%, and a permeability coefficient greater than 5 × 10⁻⁶. -3 The speed is mm / s, and the seed survival rate is not less than 85%.

10. The application of a water-saving, carbon-enhancing, and fertile artificial soil, characterized in that: Applications of artificial soil in urban greening construction, mine ecological restoration, and homestead reclamation and greening.

Images