Recycling economical laying hen feed formula and processing preparation method
By utilizing specialty resources such as mealworm sand and earthworm castings to replace grain raw materials, a circular economy-type egg-laying hen feed formula and processing method have been constructed, solving the problems of competition for food and resource waste between egg-laying hens and humans in egg farming, achieving nutritional balance and cost reduction, and supporting the development of green agriculture.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-14
AI Technical Summary
Current egg-laying hen feed relies on grain raw materials, leading to competition with humans for food, high costs, and inefficient utilization of agricultural waste and specialty forage resources. This results in low egg production rates and inconsistent egg quality, making it difficult to achieve large-scale and intensive development.
By using specialty forage resources such as mealworm sand, earthworm castings, leafy grass, and chicory to replace grain raw materials such as corn and soybean meal, and through scientific formula ratios and processing technology, a closed-loop cycle of 'planting-edible fungi-earthworms-mealworms-laying hen breeding' is constructed to ensure nutritional balance and reduce costs.
To achieve resource recycling, reduce feed costs, improve egg production rate and egg quality, support large-scale green development, reduce environmental pollution, and mitigate the risk of market grain price fluctuations.
Smart Images
Figure CN121845173A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of livestock and poultry feed technology, and in particular to a circular economy-type laying hen feed formula and processing method. Background Technology
[0002] Egg-laying hen farming is an important part of my country's animal husbandry industry, and eggs, as a high-quality source of protein, play a vital role in people's daily lives. With the continuous expansion of egg-laying hen farming, feed costs have become one of the core factors restricting the development of the livestock industry. Currently, the main feed for egg-laying hens in my country consists of grains such as corn and soybean meal. While this type of feed is relatively nutritionally balanced, it has two major problems: first, the demand for grains is high, competing with human food consumption and exacerbating the tight food supply; second, grain prices are greatly affected by market fluctuations, resulting in persistently high feed costs and further squeezing the profit margins of egg-laying hen farmers.
[0003] Meanwhile, my country's agricultural production and animal husbandry processes generate a large number of by-products and specialty resources that have not been efficiently utilized, resulting in resource waste and environmental pressure. For example, mealworm sand produced during mealworm farming and earthworm castings produced during earthworm farming are rich in protein, minerals, and other nutrients, making them high-quality feed ingredients. However, they are mostly discarded as waste, which not only wastes resources but may also pollute the environment. Specialty forage resources such as leafy grass and chicory are characterized by high protein, high yield, and strong adaptability, making them suitable as livestock and poultry feed, but they have not yet been widely used in laying hen feed formulations. In addition to the usable fruits, by-products such as sweet potato vines, peanut stalks, and sweet sorghum stems from crops like sweet potatoes, peanuts, and sweet sorghum also have certain nutritional value and can be used as feed ingredients. However, their multi-purpose development is currently insufficient, and their economic value has not been fully realized.
[0004] Furthermore, many free-range chickens in rural areas are still primarily fed single-grain feeds, lacking a scientifically balanced nutritional ratio. This results in low egg production rates, inconsistent egg quality, and high breeding costs, hindering large-scale and intensive development. Currently, the market lacks a formulated feed for laying hens that effectively utilizes agricultural waste and specialty forage resources, is low-cost, high-quality, nutritionally balanced, and enables the establishment of a circular agricultural model to address the problems existing in current technologies. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies in laying hen feed, which rely on grain raw materials, compete with humans for food, have high costs, and do not efficiently utilize agricultural waste and specialty forage resources. This invention provides a circular economy-oriented laying hen feed formula and processing method. The core objective of this invention is to achieve "resource recycling, significantly reduced costs, and balanced nutrition," specifically including: first, utilizing by-products of breeding such as mealworm sand and earthworm castings, as well as specialty forage resources such as leafy grass and chicory, to replace large amounts of grain raw materials such as corn and soybean meal, reducing competition with humans for food; second, ensuring balanced feed nutrition through scientific formulation and processing techniques to meet the nutritional needs of laying hens during their egg-laying period, guaranteeing egg production rate and egg quality; third, constructing a closed-loop cycle of "planting-edible fungi-earthworms-mealworms-laying hen breeding" to achieve efficient resource utilization and environmental protection; and fourth, reducing feed costs, improving the economic benefits of laying hen breeding, and promoting the large-scale and green development of the laying hen breeding industry.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A circular economy layer hen feed formula, by dry matter weight percentage, comprises the following components: 25% mealworm sand, 25% leafy grass, 5% chicory, 11% sweet sorghum grains, 10% sweet potato, 10% earthworm castings, 3% mealworm powder, 3% shell powder, 2% limestone powder, 2% peanut oil, 1% premix, and 3% peanut cake; The premix contains vitamins, trace elements, amino acids, and compound enzyme preparations required for the growth of laying hens. The compound enzyme preparation is a mixture of cellulase, phytase, and protease. The earthworm castings are made from the compost of high-protein forage grass, straw, leaves, and agricultural by-products, along with added high-protein raw materials, and are consumed by earthworms. All selected raw materials have a crude protein content of not less than that of cottonseed hulls and do not contain sawdust, soil, animal remains, or feces. The mealworm sand comes from the feces produced after feeding mealworms with wheat bran, the aforementioned compost, earthworms, and earthworm castings as the main feed ingredients.
[0007] Furthermore, the overall nutrient content of the formula on a dry basis is as follows: crude protein (CP) 18.25%, metabolizable energy (ME) 12.1 MJ / kg, crude fiber (CF) 6.080%, crude fat (EE) 4.15%, calcium (Ca) 3.28%, available phosphorus (AP) 0.48%, lysine (Lys) 0.85%, methionine (Met) 0.38%, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) 55.6%, and ash 8.2%. The content of each nutrient is within the suitable range for laying hens during their egg-laying period.
[0008] A method for processing and preparing a circular economy-type layer hen feed includes the following steps: S1: Raw material pretreatment, each component is screened, cleaned and crushed. Sweet potatoes are crushed to a particle size of 1-3mm, leafy grass and chicory are crushed to a particle size of 2-5mm, mealworm sand, earthworm castings, mealworm powder, shell powder, stone powder and peanut cake are crushed to a particle size of 0.5-2mm, and sweet sorghum grains are crushed to a particle size of 3-6mm. S2: Mix sweet potatoes and earthworm castings for maturation. Mix the crushed sweet potatoes and earthworm castings evenly according to the formula ratio, and steam them at 100℃ for 30 minutes to 1 hour to complete the maturation process. Cool to room temperature for later use. S3: Anaerobic and aerobic fermentation. Mix mealworm sand, leafy grass, chicory, and sweet sorghum grains evenly according to the formula ratio. Adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 60-65%. First, carry out anaerobic fermentation for 3-5 days, with the anaerobic fermentation temperature controlled at 28-32℃. Then, carry out aerobic fermentation for 3-4 days, with the aerobic fermentation temperature controlled at 25-28℃. During the fermentation process, turn the mixture 1-2 times a day until the mixture has no odor and turns dark brown. S4: Oyster mushroom spawn decomposition. In the mixture after fermentation in step 3, oyster mushroom spawn is evenly introduced. The temperature is controlled at 22-26℃ and the humidity at 55-60%. The mixture is cultivated for 7-10 days until the oyster mushroom mycelium has covered the entire mixture. Cultivation is stopped and no mushroom production treatment is performed. S5: Drying treatment. Break up the mixture after step 4 and use natural air drying, air drying or sun drying to reduce the moisture content of the mixture to below 30% with the help of natural forces. Avoid direct sunlight during the drying process. S6: Mixing and molding, the dried mixture from step 5 is mixed evenly with the sweet potato earthworm castings mixture, mealworm powder, and peanut cake from step 2 according to the formula ratio. Then, shell powder and stone powder are added, peanut oil is sprayed, and the mixture is stirred thoroughly until all components are evenly mixed to obtain the basic feed. S7: Finished product preparation and storage. Add the basic feed obtained in step 6 to the premix, stir evenly, and then dry. It can be made into granules or powder as needed and stored in a dry, ventilated, and cool place.
[0009] Furthermore, in step 3, during anaerobic fermentation, a sealed fermentation device is used to ensure an oxygen-free fermentation environment; during aerobic fermentation, the fermentation environment is kept well-ventilated to ensure sufficient oxygen.
[0010] Furthermore, during the oyster mushroom mycelium cultivation process in step 4, the temperature and humidity of the mixed substrate are monitored regularly.
[0011] Furthermore, in step 7, the particle size of the pelleted feed is 2-4 mm, which is suitable for laying hens.
[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Solving the problem of competition with humans for food and achieving resource recycling: The formula of this invention contains more than 70% unconventional raw materials (mealworm sand, earthworm castings, leafy grass, chicory, sweet potatoes, peanut cake, etc.), which effectively replace a large amount of grain raw materials such as corn and soybean meal, reduce the dependence of laying hen feed on grain, and alleviate the conflict with humans for food. At the same time, it makes full use of breeding by-products such as mealworm sand and earthworm castings, as well as agricultural by-products such as sweet potato vines, peanut stalks, and sweet sorghum stalks, realizing the resource utilization of agricultural waste, reducing resource waste and environmental pressure, and conforming to the concept of green agricultural development.
[0013] 2. Balanced nutrition, adapted to the laying needs of hens: This invention, through scientific formulation, ensures that the core nutrients in the feed, such as crude protein, metabolizable energy, calcium, phosphorus, and amino acids, are all within the appropriate range for laying hens during their laying period, with excellent matching and no nutritional deficiencies. At the same time, through anaerobic and aerobic fermentation and decomposition of oyster mushroom spawn, toxic and harmful components in the raw materials are degraded, the nutritional structure is optimized, and the digestibility and absorption rate of the feed are improved, which can fully meet the nutritional needs of laying hens during their laying period, ensuring stable egg production and excellent egg quality.
[0014] 3. Low cost and significant economic benefits: The raw materials in the formula of this invention are mostly by-products of breeding, agricultural by-products and special forage resources, which are widely available and low cost; at the same time, with the continuous improvement of the circular system and industrial differentiation, feed costs can be further reduced, greatly improving the economic benefits of egg-laying hen breeding.
[0015] 4. Constructing a closed-loop cycle to achieve a win-win situation for ecology and economy: The formula and processing method of this invention support a closed-loop cycle model of "planting-edible fungi-earthworms-mealworms-laying hen farming". Sweet potatoes, peanuts, leafy grasses, chicory, sweet sorghum, etc. can be planted independently. Sweet sorghum grains and stalks, sweet potatoes and sweet potato vines, peanuts and peanut stalks, etc. can be used as feed for laying hens, earthworms, and mealworms within the system, as well as raw materials for edible fungi. The excrement of earthworms and mealworms (earthworm castings, mealworm sand) can also be used as feed for laying hens, and the manure of laying hens can be used as fertilizer for crops, forming a recycling of resources. This model not only reduces the amount of sewage discharged from breeding and reduces environmental pollution, but also increases the land productivity. Combined with the high-yield characteristics of leafy grasses and other plants, it greatly improves the production capacity of the planting end of the system, achieving a win-win situation for ecological and economic benefits.
[0016] 5. Good palatability and high feed utilization: This invention improves the palatability of feed, and laying hens eat more actively; at the same time, the addition of compound enzyme preparations in the premix and the decomposition effect of oyster mushroom mycelium further improve the digestibility and absorption rate of feed. Attached Figure Description
[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the closed-loop mode of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0020] 1. Circular Economy Layer Chicken Feed Formulation The circular economy layer hen feed formula of the present invention consists of the following components by dry matter weight percentage: 25% mealworm sand, 25% leafy grass, 5% chicory, 11% sweet sorghum grains, 10% sweet potato, 10% earthworm castings, 3% mealworm powder, 3% shell powder, 2% limestone powder, 2% peanut oil, 1% premix, and 3% peanut cake.
[0021] The functions of each component are as follows: (1) Yellow mealworm sand: As one of the core unconventional raw materials, it is rich in protein, minerals and dietary fiber. It is produced by feeding yellow mealworms with bran and mushroom bran, earthworms and earthworm castings as the main feed ingredients. It realizes the resource utilization of breeding by-products, while supplementing the nutrients required for the growth of laying hens and reducing feed costs.
[0022] (2) Leafy grass: It belongs to protein feed, with high crude protein content, which can effectively supplement the protein required by laying hens during the egg-laying period. At the same time, it is rich in a variety of vitamins and minerals, which can enhance the immunity of laying hens and improve the quality of eggs. Leafy grass has high yield and strong adaptability, and can be planted on a large scale to provide a stable supply of raw materials for feed.
[0023] (3) Chicory: It is a functional feed, rich in dietary fiber and a variety of active ingredients. It can promote the peristalsis of laying hens, improve the digestion and absorption rate of feed, reduce the occurrence of intestinal diseases, improve the palatability of feed, and increase the feed intake of laying hens.
[0024] (4) Sweet sorghum grains: As an energy source, they provide sufficient energy for laying hens to produce eggs. At the same time, they adopt a two-stage fermentation process of anaerobic and aerobic fermentation, combined with the decomposition of oyster mushroom mycelium to remove harmful substances such as tannins, giving full play to the advantages of the species.
[0025] (5) Sweet potato: Rich in starch, dietary fiber and various vitamins, it can supplement the energy and nutrition required by laying hens. When used in combination with earthworm castings, after cooking, it can eliminate the digestive obstacles of sweet potato starch to laying hens. At the same time, it can disinfect and kill insects and insect eggs in earthworm castings, and improve the palatability of feed. Sweet potato planting methods are flexible, and sweet potato vines can be used as green fodder for breeding, realizing the comprehensive utilization of resources.
[0026] (6) Earthworm castings: As a high-quality organic raw material, it is rich in humus, protein and minerals. It is made from the fungal bran produced by high-protein forage grass, straw, leaves and agricultural by-products, and the fermentation of high-protein raw materials by earthworms. The crude protein content of the selected raw materials is not lower than that of cottonseed hulls, and it does not contain sawdust, soil, animal remains and feces, ensuring the safety and nutritional value of the raw materials. Earthworm castings can improve the physical properties of feed, increase the water retention and air permeability of feed, and promote the intestinal health of laying hens.
[0027] (7) Yellow mealworm powder: a high-protein raw material that supplements the high-quality protein and amino acids required by laying hens during the egg-laying period, improves the quality of eggs, and at the same time forms a synergistic effect with yellow mealworm sand, realizing the full utilization of yellow mealworm breeding by-products; yellow mealworms can be raised using fungal bran and earthworm castings, sweet potatoes, peanut straw and other raw materials in the recycling system, further improving the closed loop of the cycle.
[0028] (8) Shell powder and stone powder: As a source of calcium, they provide the calcium required for laying hens to produce eggs, increase the thickness of the eggshell, reduce the production of soft-shelled eggs and sandy-shelled eggs, and improve the quality of eggs. Shell powder and stone powder are widely available and inexpensive, which can effectively reduce the overall cost of feed.
[0029] (9) Peanut oil: As a fat source, it supplements the crude fat required by laying hens, provides energy, improves the palatability of feed, and increases the feed intake of laying hens; peanut oil comes from peanuts and works synergistically with peanut cake to achieve comprehensive utilization of peanut resources.
[0030] (10) Peanut cake: rich in protein and fat, it supplements the nutrients needed by laying hens. At the same time, peanut straw can be used as raw material for edible fungi and feed for small animals in the recycling system, realizing the recycling of peanut resources and reducing raw material costs.
[0031] (11) Premix: contains vitamins, trace elements, amino acids and compound enzyme preparations required for the growth of laying hens. The compound enzyme preparation is a compound of cellulase, phytase and protease. Vitamins and trace elements can meet the nutritional needs of laying hens during the laying period and enhance their immunity. Amino acids can supplement the essential amino acids in the feed and improve the quality of eggs. The compound enzyme preparation can promote the decomposition of crude fiber, phytic acid and protein in the feed, improve the digestibility and absorption rate of the feed and reduce nutrient waste.
[0032] The overall nutrient content of the formula on a dry basis is as follows (weighted): Table 1 Overall Nutrient Content of the Formula
[0033] As can be seen from the table above, all the core nutrients in the formula of this invention are within the appropriate range for laying hens during the egg-laying period, with excellent matching and no nutritional deficiencies. This fully meets the nutritional needs of laying hens during the egg-laying period, ensuring the egg production rate and egg quality.
[0034] The components in the formula can be substituted under the premise of nutritional composition and economic rationality. However, the replaced components are core elements in the "planting-edible fungi-earthworm-mealworm-laying hen farming" cycle system. The integrity of the closed loop should be guaranteed first to ensure the circular economy and nutritional stability of the feed.
[0035] 2. Processing and preparation methods for circular economy-type layer hen feed The processing and preparation method of the present invention, based on the above formula, utilizes the synergistic effect of multiple processes to degrade toxic and harmful components in the raw materials, optimize the nutritional structure, and improve feed palatability and digestibility. Specifically, it includes the following steps: Step 1: Raw Material Pretreatment. The mealworm sand, leafy grass, chicory, sweet sorghum grains, sweet potatoes, earthworm castings, mealworm powder, shell powder, limestone powder, peanut oil, premix, and peanut cake are screened to remove impurities (such as stones, weeds, moldy particles, etc.) to ensure the purity and safety of the raw materials. Then, according to the characteristics of each component, they are washed and crushed. Sweet potatoes are crushed to a particle size of 1-3mm to facilitate subsequent cooking and digestion by laying hens; leafy grass and chicory are crushed to a particle size of 2-5mm to retain some dietary fiber and facilitate fermentation; mealworm sand, earthworm castings, mealworm powder, shell powder, limestone powder, and peanut cake are crushed to a particle size of 0.5-2mm to ensure uniform mixing of all components and improve the nutritional uniformity of the feed; sweet sorghum grains are crushed to a particle size of 3-6mm.
[0036] Step 2: Mix and mature the sweet potatoes and earthworm castings. Place the crushed sweet potatoes and earthworm castings into a mixing device according to the formula ratio, and mix thoroughly to ensure complete mixing. Then place the mixture in a cooking device and cook at 100℃ for 30 minutes to 1 hour to complete the maturation process. The maturation process serves three purposes: first, to prevent the sweet potatoes from clumping during subsequent processing, ensuring feed uniformity; second, to eliminate the digestive obstacles of sweet potato starch for laying hens, improving the digestibility and absorption rate of sweet potatoes; and third, to disinfect and kill insects and insect eggs in the earthworm castings, ensuring feed safety while improving palatability and increasing feed intake in laying hens. After maturation, cool the mixture to room temperature for later use.
[0037] Step 3: Anaerobic and Aerobic Fermentation. Place mealworm sand, leafy grass, chicory, and sweet sorghum grains into the fermentation equipment according to the formula ratio, stir evenly, and then adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 60-65%. Too high a moisture content can easily lead to mold, while too low a moisture content will affect the fermentation effect. First, carry out anaerobic fermentation for 3-5 days, controlling the anaerobic fermentation temperature at 28-32℃. Use a sealed fermentation device to ensure an anaerobic fermentation environment, promoting the growth and reproduction of anaerobic bacteria and initially degrading toxic and harmful components in the raw materials. After anaerobic fermentation, carry out aerobic fermentation for 3-4 days, controlling the aerobic fermentation temperature at 25-28℃. Maintain good ventilation in the fermentation environment to ensure sufficient oxygen, promoting the growth and reproduction of aerobic bacteria, further degrading toxic and harmful components such as uric acid, oxalic acid, and tannins in the raw materials, and simultaneously degrading crude fiber, improving the palatability and digestibility of the feed. During the fermentation process, turn the mixture 1-2 times a day to ensure even fermentation and avoid localized mold growth, until the mixture has no odor and turns dark brown, indicating that fermentation is complete.
[0038] Step 4: Oyster Mushroom Spawn Decomposition. In the mixture fermented in Step 3, evenly inoculate with oyster mushroom spawn, ensuring even distribution. Then place the mixture in a cultivation environment, controlling the temperature at 22-26℃ and humidity at 55-60%, and cultivate for 7-10 days. Regularly monitor the temperature and humidity of the mixture and adjust environmental parameters as needed to ensure normal mycelial growth. Continue cultivation until the oyster mushroom mycelium has completely covered the mixture, then stop cultivation and do not proceed with mushroom production. The core function of this step is to utilize the decomposition ability of the oyster mushroom mycelium to further degrade crude fiber and residual toxic and harmful components in the mixture, while simultaneously breaking down large-molecule nutrients in the raw materials into smaller-molecule nutrients, thereby improving the nutritional level and digestibility of the feed.
[0039] Step 5: Drying. Remove the mixture from the cultivation equipment after Step 4, break it into a uniform, loose state, and air-dry, sun-dry, or air-dry it to reduce the moisture content of the mixture using natural forces. Avoid direct sunlight during the drying process to prevent the destruction of nutrients in the feed. Continue drying until the moisture content of the mixture is reduced to below 30% (i.e., more than 70% moisture reduction) to ensure that the feed is not prone to mold during storage and to extend its shelf life.
[0040] Step 6: Mixing and Shaping. Place the dried mixture from Step 5 into a mixing device, add the cooked sweet potato and earthworm castings mixture from Step 2, mealworm powder, and peanut cake, and mix evenly according to the formula ratio; then add shell powder and stone powder, and continue mixing to ensure even distribution of calcium source; finally, spray peanut oil and mix thoroughly until all components are evenly mixed to obtain the basic feed; the peanut oil spraying should be even to avoid excessive local oil, which would affect the palatability and preservation effect of the feed.
[0041] Step 7: Finished Product Preparation and Storage. Add the base feed obtained in Step 6 to the premix and place it in a high-speed mixer. Mix for 10-15 minutes to ensure the premix is evenly distributed in the base feed, and then dry it. Then, according to actual needs, make the evenly mixed feed into pellets or powder. The pellets should have a particle size of 2-4mm, suitable for laying hens, reducing feed waste. Store the finished feed in a dry, ventilated, and cool place, controlling the storage temperature at 5-25℃, avoiding moisture and mold. At the same time, take measures to prevent insects and rodents to ensure the quality and safety of the feed.
[0042] Example 1: Experiment on circular economy feed farming of 500 laying hens To verify the economic efficiency, palatability, and production performance of the feed of this invention, a feeding trial was conducted on 500 laying hens, as detailed below: 1. Basic Information of the Experiment (1) Experimental subjects: 500 Hy-Line Brown laying hens, 220 days old, in the laying period, healthy and free from disease, were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group (250 hens) and a control group (250 hens). There were no significant differences in the basic indicators such as body weight and egg production rate between the two groups (P>0.05) to ensure the scientific nature and fairness of the experiment.
[0043] (2) Trial period: 30 days, single cycle accurate calculation, can be continuously fed in cycles.
[0044] (3) Experimental group feed: The circular economy laying hen feed prepared by this invention was used, with a cost of RMB 0.85 / jin (500g).
[0045] (4) Control group feed: commercially available complete grain feed, the main components of which include corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, premix, etc., costing RMB 1.40 / 500g.
[0046] (5) Feeding management: The two groups of laying hens were raised together in the same house with uniform ventilation, 16 hours of light, free drinking water, and feeding at regular times and in fixed quantities. The average daily feed intake of the experimental group was 112g / bird, and the average daily feed intake of the control group was 120g / bird. Data such as feed intake, egg production, egg quality, and flock health status were recorded throughout the process.
[0047] 2. Experimental Results and Analysis (1) Feed consumption and cost accounting Core conversion standard: 1 jin = 500g, that is, 1g = 0.002 jin.
[0048] Feed cost for the experimental group (250 birds): Average daily consumption per bird is 112g = 0.224 jin (0.224 kg), total consumption per bird over 30 days is 0.224 × 30 = 6.72 jin (0.224 kg), total consumption for 250 birds is 250 × 6.72 = 1680 jin (0.72 kg), and total feed cost is 1680 × 0.85 = 1428 yuan.
[0049] Feed cost for the control group (250 birds): Average daily consumption per bird is 120g = 0.24 jin (0.24 kg), total consumption per bird over 30 days is 0.24 × 30 = 7.2 jin (0.24 kg), total consumption for 250 birds is 250 × 7.2 = 1800 jin (0.25 kg), and total feed cost is 1800 × 1.40 = 2520 yuan.
[0050] Overall cost comparison for 500 animals: Total cost of self-developed feed (experimental group × 2) = 1428 × 2 = 2856 yuan; Total cost of commercially available complete feed (control group × 2) = 2520 × 2 = 5040 yuan; Feed cost savings per cycle: 5040 - 2856 = 2184 yuan; Annual comprehensive cost savings (based on 12 cycles) = 2184 × 12 = 26208 yuan.
[0051] Analysis: The feed cost of this invention is significantly lower than that of commercially available complete grain feed. It can save 2,184 yuan per cycle for 500 laying hens, resulting in significant economic benefits and effectively reducing the cost pressure of laying hen farming.
[0052] (2) Core production performance indicators ① Egg production rate: The daily average egg production rate of the experimental group (self-developed feed) remained stable at 90% without significant fluctuations; the daily average egg production rate of the control group (commercial feed) was also 90%. The egg production rates of the two groups were completely equal, indicating that the feed of this invention can meet the nutritional needs of laying hens during the egg-laying period and will not affect the egg production performance of laying hens.
[0053] ② Egg quality: The eggshell thickness of the experimental group was 0.34-0.37mm, hard and smooth, with soft-shelled and sandy-shelled eggs accounting for less than 0.5%; the egg yolk was grade 8 on the Roche color scale, the egg white was viscous, and there was no fishy smell; the egg quality of the control group was no different from that of the experimental group, and both met the standards for high-quality commercial eggs, indicating that the feed of this invention can guarantee the quality of eggs and improve the commercial value of eggs.
[0054] ③ Health status of the chickens: The experimental group of laying hens had a good appetite, normal feces, no undigested raw material residue, high intestinal digestibility, 0% mortality rate after 30 days, and glossy feathers with no nutritional diseases. The health status of the control group was the same as that of the experimental group, with no significant difference. This indicates that the feed of the present invention has good palatability, has a positive effect on the intestinal health of laying hens, and can ensure the healthy growth of laying hens.
[0055] (3) The advantages of circular economy are reflected During the experiment, the experimental group of laying hens actively consumed feed, with an average daily feed intake 8g less than that of the control group. This indicates that the feed of the present invention has good palatability, high nutrient density, and a strong sense of satiety in laying hens, thus reducing feed waste. At the same time, the core raw materials of the feed of the present invention are all from the recycling system, which can realize independent planting / raising without additional procurement costs and is not affected by market grain price fluctuations, making raw material costs controllable. In addition, the resource utilization of agricultural waste effectively reduces the amount of pollution discharged from breeding, achieving a win-win situation for ecology and economy.
[0056] 3. Experimental Conclusions This experiment demonstrates that the circular economy-type laying hen feed of this invention is nutritionally balanced, with all core nutritional indicators matching the appropriate range for laying hens during their egg-laying period, exhibiting no nutritional deficiencies. It is palatable, has high feed utilization, and results in active feeding and good health in the hens. Egg production rate and egg quality are comparable to commercially available complete grain feeds, but feed costs are significantly reduced. A single cycle of 500 hens can save 2184 yuan, demonstrating significant benefits for large-scale farming. Furthermore, the feed formulation and processing method support a closed-loop circular agriculture system, realizing the resource utilization of agricultural waste, resulting in outstanding ecological benefits. It can be directly used for feeding laying hens during their egg-laying period and has extremely high value for widespread application.
[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A circular economy-type layer hen feed formula, characterized in that, Based on dry matter weight percentage, it includes the following components: 25% mealworm sand, 25% leafy grass, 5% chicory, 11% sweet sorghum grains, 10% sweet potato, 10% earthworm castings, 3% mealworm powder, 3% shell powder, 2% stone powder, 2% peanut oil, 1% premix, and 3% peanut cake; The premix contains vitamins, trace elements, amino acids, and compound enzyme preparations required for the growth of laying hens. The compound enzyme preparation is a mixture of cellulase, phytase, and protease. The earthworm castings are made from the compost of high-protein forage grass, straw, leaves, and agricultural by-products, along with added high-protein raw materials, and are consumed by earthworms. All selected raw materials have a crude protein content of not less than that of cottonseed hulls and do not contain sawdust, soil, animal remains, or feces. The mealworm sand comes from the feces produced after feeding mealworms with wheat bran, the aforementioned compost, earthworms, and earthworm castings as the main feed ingredients.
2. The circular economy layer hen feed formula according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overall nutrient content of the formula on a dry basis is as follows: crude protein (CP) 18.25%, metabolizable energy (ME) 12.1 MJ / kg, crude fiber (CF) 6.080%, crude fat (EE) 4.15%, calcium (Ca) 3.28%, available phosphorus (AP) 0.48%, lysine (Lys) 0.85%, methionine (Met) 0.38%, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) 55.6%, and ash 8.2%. The content of each nutrient is within the appropriate range for laying hens during their egg-laying period.
3. A method for processing and preparing circular economy layer hen feed as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Raw material pretreatment, each component is screened, cleaned and crushed. Sweet potatoes are crushed to a particle size of 1-3mm, leafy grass and chicory are crushed to a particle size of 2-5mm, mealworm sand, earthworm castings, mealworm powder, shell powder, stone powder and peanut cake are crushed to a particle size of 0.5-2mm, and sweet sorghum grains are crushed to a particle size of 3-6mm. S2: Mix sweet potatoes and earthworm castings for maturation. Mix the crushed sweet potatoes and earthworm castings evenly according to the formula ratio, and steam them at 100℃ for 30 minutes to 1 hour to complete the maturation process. Cool to room temperature for later use. S3: Anaerobic and aerobic fermentation. Mix mealworm sand, leafy grass, chicory, and sweet sorghum grains evenly according to the formula ratio. Adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 60-65%. First, carry out anaerobic fermentation for 3-5 days, with the anaerobic fermentation temperature controlled at 28-32℃. Then, carry out aerobic fermentation for 3-4 days, with the aerobic fermentation temperature controlled at 25-28℃. During the fermentation process, turn the mixture 1-2 times a day until the mixture has no odor and turns dark brown. S4: Oyster mushroom spawn decomposition. Oyster mushroom spawn is evenly introduced into the mixture after fermentation in step 3. The temperature is controlled at 22-26℃ and the humidity at 55-60%. The mixture is cultivated for 7-10 days until the oyster mushroom mycelium has covered the entire mixture. Cultivation is stopped and no mushroom production treatment is performed. S5: Drying treatment. Break up the mixture after step 4 and use natural air drying, air drying or sun drying to reduce the moisture content of the mixture to below 30% with the help of natural forces. Avoid direct sunlight during the drying process. S6: Mixing and molding, the dried mixture from step 5 is mixed evenly with the sweet potato earthworm castings mixture, mealworm powder, and peanut cake from step 2 according to the formula ratio. Then, shell powder and stone powder are added, peanut oil is sprayed, and the mixture is stirred thoroughly until all components are evenly mixed to obtain the basic feed. S7: Finished product preparation and storage. Add the basic feed obtained in step 6 to the premix, stir evenly, and then dry. It can be made into granules or powder as needed and stored in a dry, ventilated, and cool place.
4. The processing and preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 3, during anaerobic fermentation, a sealed fermentation device is used to ensure an oxygen-free fermentation environment; during aerobic fermentation, the fermentation environment is kept well-ventilated to ensure sufficient oxygen.
5. The processing and preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 4, during the cultivation of oyster mushroom mycelium, the temperature and humidity of the mixed substrate should be monitored regularly.
6. The processing and preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pelleted feed in step 7 has a particle size of 2-4 mm, which is suitable for laying hens.