Device for crushing and sorting black powder from waste lithium batteries and recovery process

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste lithium battery black powder crushing and sorting device and a recovery process in the technical field of waste lithium battery black powder recovery, and the waste lithium battery black powder crushing and sorting device comprises a feeding unit, an electrode material dissociation unit and a sorting and enriching unit which are sequentially arranged along the material flow direction, comprising an active material collection system, a metal current collector separation system and an electrode active material purification system, and inert gas protection and temperature monitoring are introduced in the core link of crushing and dissociation, so that the risk of combustion explosion is eradicated fundamentally, the chemical stability of an electrode material is guaranteed, and the service life of the electrode material is prolonged. Secondly, shearing and crushing are adopted to optimize the dissociation effect, pneumatic separation, eddy current and magnetic separation multi-stage and precise separation technologies are combined, a returned material crushing closed circuit is innovatively introduced, the black powder collection rate and the separation purity and total recovery rate of copper and aluminum metal are greatly improved, and finally, the recovery rate of the copper and aluminum metal is increased. All the units are integrated into a continuous automatic system, and maximum utilization of resources is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste lithium battery black powder recycling technology, and particularly to a waste lithium battery crushing and sorting black powder device and recycling process. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the recycling and disposal of waste power lithium batteries has become a major issue concerning resource recycling and environmental protection. The black powder in the positive and negative electrode sheets of the battery (rich in valuable metals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese) is the part with the highest recycling value, and its efficient and clean recycling is the core technology of the industry.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream process for recycling and processing waste lithium battery electrodes in the industry typically involves first soaking the batteries in an 8%-15% saline solution for 2-3 days to completely discharge the positive and negative electrodes via a short circuit. After discharge, depending on the processing scale, natural air drying or drying equipment is used to remove moisture. The discharged batteries are then conveyed by a belt conveyor to a crusher, where they are broken into 2-3 cm fragments. Some processes incorporate pyrolysis at this stage to evaporate the electrolyte and decompose the binder. The coarsely crushed material is further pulverized into less than 1 cm pieces by a hammer crusher, and then fed through a pneumatic system to a primary drum screen (usually a 120-mesh screen) for sieving, removing most of the black powder. The remaining material after removing the black powder... The mixture is passed through a linear vibrating screen, where lightweight plastic membranes are separated by vibration and airflow. The material then enters a magnetic separator, where strong magnets are used to separate ferromagnetic materials (such as steel shells and tabs). The remaining copper-aluminum mixture enters a secondary crusher, where it is crushed to less than 5 mm and then fed into a secondary drum screen (140 mesh screen) to further screen out a small amount of black powder. The remaining copper-aluminum mixture is then finely ground in a grinding mill and classified by a rotary vibrating screen. The upper layer of coarse particles is returned for re-grinding, the lower layer is fine black powder, and the middle layer is a mixture of copper and aluminum particles. Finally, the copper-aluminum particles enter a gravity separator (airflow separator), where the density difference between copper and aluminum is used to achieve efficient separation, yielding copper particles and aluminum particles respectively.

[0004] However, when processing electrode sheets, traditional crushing methods (such as hammer crushers and roller crushers) easily cause black powder to entangle and adhere with copper and aluminum foil current collectors, forming "copper-aluminum-black powder" composite particles. Physical separation is insufficient, and subsequent reliance on multi-stage screening and gravity separation makes it difficult to completely separate black powder from copper and aluminum. This results in high copper and aluminum impurity content (usually >2%) in the collected black powder. This low-purity black powder directly enters the hydrometallurgical process, which significantly increases acid consumption, generates more impurity waste, reduces metal recovery rate, and increases processing costs. At the same time, traditional processes often require multiple crushing and sorting stages, resulting in complex processes and numerous equipment. The material is repeatedly transported and processed in the long process, leading to the loss of some fine powder black powder. Therefore, improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a waste lithium battery crushing and sorting black powder device and recycling process to solve the problems mentioned in the background.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows: A waste lithium battery crushing and sorting black powder device, comprising the following components arranged sequentially along the material flow direction:

[0007] The feeding unit is used to transport the battery electrodes after they have been discharged and disassembled.

[0008] The electrode material dissociation unit is connected to the feeding unit and is used to shear and crush the battery electrode sheets under inert gas protection so that the electrode active material is peeled off from the current collector.

[0009] The sorting and enrichment unit includes an active material collection system, a metal current collector separation system, and an electrode active material purification system. The active material collection system is connected to the electrode material dissociation unit and is used to collect the electrode active material powder stripped from the current collector by pneumatic sorting. The metal current collector separation system is connected to the heavy material outlet of the active material collection system and is used to separate and enrich copper foil fragments and aluminum foil fragments respectively. The electrode active material purification system is connected to the powder outlet of the active material collection system and is used to purify the collected electrode active material powder.

[0010] Preferably, the electrode material dissociation unit is equipped with an inert gas injection interface and a temperature control sensor.

[0011] Preferably, the active material collection system includes a cyclone separator and a bag filter connected to the upper outlet of the cyclone separator. The air inlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the discharge port of the electrode material dissociation unit through a pipe. The bottom heavy material outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the metal current collector separation system. The bottom of the bag filter is provided with an active material powder outlet.

[0012] Preferably, the metal current collector separation system includes an eddy current separator and a magnetic separator arranged sequentially along the material flow direction. The feed inlet of the eddy current separator is connected to the heavy material outlet of the cyclone separator for separating aluminum particles, and the feed inlet of the magnetic separator is connected to the discharge outlet of the eddy current separator for separating iron impurities.

[0013] Preferably, a vibrating screen is installed between the eddy current separator and the magnetic separator, and the outlet of the vibrating screen is connected to the feed inlet of the electrode material dissociation unit through a return conveyor.

[0014] Preferably, the electrode active material purification system includes a pulse dust collector and a high-efficiency filter connected in sequence, with the air inlet of the pulse dust collector connected to the exhaust outlet of the bag filter.

[0015] A waste lithium battery crushing and sorting black powder recycling process based on a waste lithium battery crushing and sorting black powder device includes the following steps:

[0016] Electrode sheet pretreatment: Discharge and disassemble the waste power battery pack to obtain battery cells, and crush and sort the cells to obtain a battery electrode sheet mixture with aluminum foil as the positive current collector and copper foil as the negative current collector.

[0017] Protective dissociation: Under the protection of inert gas and the temperature controlled at 25-60℃, the battery electrode mixture is sheared and crushed to dissociate the electrode active material from the current collector, and the particle size of the dissociated material is controlled.

[0018] Active material sorting: The dissociated material is pneumatically sorted to separate and collect the electrode active material powder;

[0019] Metal separation in current collectors: The heavy materials after pneumatic separation are subjected to eddy current separation and magnetic separation to obtain aluminum particle enrichment and copper particle enrichment, respectively.

[0020] Active material purification: The collected electrode active material powder is purified by dust removal and filtration to obtain battery-grade positive electrode material precursor and / or negative electrode material precursor.

[0021] Preferably, in the protective dissociation step, the inert gas introduced is nitrogen or argon, with an oxygen concentration of less than 100 ppm, and the particle size of the crushed material is controlled between 2-20 mm.

[0022] Preferably, in the active material sorting step, the airflow velocity of the pneumatic sorting is controlled at 8-15 m / s.

[0023] Preferably, in the current collector metal separation step, after eddy current separation, the remaining material is screened, and the incompletely dissociated material with a particle size larger than a set threshold is returned to the protective dissociation step for secondary crushing.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. By integrating an inert gas protection system and a temperature control sensor into the electrode material dissociation unit, a low-temperature crushing environment with an oxygen concentration below 100 ppm is created and maintained. This effectively suppresses heat accumulation and the occurrence of chain exothermic reactions, reducing the risk of fire and explosion. At the same time, this inert atmosphere avoids changes in the oxidation state of transition metals in the positive electrode material and damage to the crystal structure, as well as structural damage to the negative electrode graphite. This allows the recovered black powder to maintain its original chemical composition and phase structure to the greatest extent. This authentic recycling is a key prerequisite for subsequent short-process regeneration into battery-grade material precursors, significantly improving the added value and techno-economic efficiency of the recycled products.

[0026] 2. In the dissociation stage, shearing crushing is used instead of impact crushing, which generates shearing and peeling forces on the electrode sheets, more effectively scraping the brittle active material layer from the tough copper and aluminum foil current collectors. At the same time, it minimizes the excessive crushing and tangling of the metal foil, creating a favorable material morphology for subsequent sorting. Secondly, in the sorting stage, the differences in density and physical properties between the active material and metal fragments are utilized. First, pneumatic separation is used to efficiently separate and collect the light black powder. Then, for the heavy material, a combination of eddy current separation and magnetic separation is used to accurately separate non-magnetic aluminum and weakly magnetic copper, and remove ferromagnetic impurities. Crucially, the system is equipped with a vibrating screen and a return conveyor, which can automatically return large-sized materials that are not completely dissociated to the crusher for secondary processing. This closed-loop design process is more compact, eliminating the loss of valuable materials due to incomplete primary crushing, thereby improving the recovery rate and purity of copper and aluminum metals, as well as the collection rate of black powder.

[0027] 3. Using the disassembled battery electrodes as the sole input, a highly integrated continuous processing system simultaneously outputs three high-purity products: electrode active material powder, enriched copper particles, and enriched aluminum particles. This not only maximizes the extraction of material value, aligning with the circular economy concept, but also significantly improves the economic benefits of single-use battery processing. In terms of environmental benefits, the system implements clean production principles from source to end. At the source, inert gas protection prevents the generation of harmful gases and the explosion of active dust. During the process, crushing and sorting are carried out in closed pipelines and equipment, effectively controlling fugitive dust emissions. At the end, a multi-stage exhaust gas purification system composed of bag filters, pulse dust collectors, and high-efficiency filters deeply purifies the airflow containing fine dust, ensuring that the final emissions meet stringent environmental standards and completely solving the dust pollution problem in the recycling industry. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the waste lithium battery crushing and sorting black powder device in one embodiment.

[0030] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the diagram.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a metal current collector separation system in one embodiment.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the waste lithium battery crushing and sorting black powder process in one embodiment.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow for recovering black powder, aluminum particle concentrate, and copper particle concentrate in one embodiment.

[0034] Figure label:

[0035] 100. Feeding unit; 200. Electrode material dissociation unit; 210. Inert gas injection interface; 220. Temperature control sensor; 300. Sorting and enrichment unit; 310. Active material collection system; 311. Cyclone separator; 312. Bag filter; 313. Active material powder outlet; 320. Metal current collector separation system; 321. Eddy current separator; 322. Magnetic separator; 323. Vibrating screen; 324. Return conveyor; 330. Electrode active material purification system; 331. Pulse dust collector; 332. High-efficiency filter. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a waste lithium battery crushing and sorting black powder device includes a feeding unit 100, an electrode material dissociation unit 200 and a sorting and enrichment unit 300 arranged sequentially along the material flow direction.

[0038] The feeding unit 100 uses a chain conveyor to continuously and stably transport the battery electrode sheets (mainly a mixture of positive and negative electrode sheets) after discharge and disassembly to the subsequent processes.

[0039] The electrode material dissociation unit 200 adopts a twin-shaft shear crusher that operates under an inert atmosphere. The upper end of the electrode material dissociation unit 200 is equipped with an inert gas injection port 210 for continuously introducing high-purity nitrogen or argon gas to ensure that the oxygen concentration in the crushing chamber is maintained below 100ppm, preventing the active material from oxidizing or burning during the crushing process. A temperature control sensor 220 is also installed on the shell of the electrode material dissociation unit 200 for real-time monitoring of the temperature in the crushing chamber. The discharge port of the electrode material dissociation unit 200 is connected to the sorting and enrichment unit 300 through a material conveying fan.

[0040] Currently, traditional lithium battery recycling processes often expose the battery to air during the crushing stage, posing significant safety risks. Battery electrodes, especially positive electrode materials containing highly active lithium compounds (such as ternary materials and lithium iron phosphate) and negative electrode graphite with high specific surface area, are prone to localized heating under the intense friction and impact of mechanical crushing. This heating can react with oxygen in the air, inducing uncontrolled thermal runaway and even leading to combustion or explosion. This not only threatens production safety but also causes oxidation loss of valuable materials.

[0041] This invention creates and maintains a low-temperature (25-60°C) decomposition environment with an oxygen concentration below 100 ppm by integrating an inert gas (such as nitrogen or argon) protection system and a temperature control sensor 220 into the electrode material dissociation unit 200. This innovation completely isolates the oxidation source from the reaction conditions, effectively suppressing heat accumulation and the occurrence of chain exothermic reactions, thereby eliminating the risk of fire and explosion. More importantly, this inert atmosphere avoids changes in the oxidation state and destruction of the crystal structure of the transition metal in the positive electrode material, and also prevents structural damage to the graphite in the negative electrode. This allows the recovered black powder to retain its original chemical composition and phase structure to the greatest extent. This authentic recycling is a key prerequisite for subsequent short-process regeneration into battery-grade material precursors (such as direct repair or gentle leaching), significantly improving the added value and techno-economic efficiency of the recycled products.

[0042] The sorting and enrichment unit 300 includes an active material collection system 310, a metal current collector separation system 320, and an electrode active material purification system 330.

[0043] The active material collection system 310 includes a primary cyclone separator 311 and a secondary bag filter 312. The air inlet of the cyclone separator 311 is connected to the discharge port of the electrode material dissociation unit 200 through a material conveying fan. The material after crushing and dissociation (including black powder, copper foil fragments, aluminum foil fragments, etc.) enters the cyclone separator 311 under the negative pressure airflow of the material conveying fan. The lighter electrode active material powder (black powder) enters the bag filter 312 from the upper outlet with the airflow for efficient collection. The bottom of the bag filter 312 is provided with an active material powder outlet 313. The heavier material (mainly copper and aluminum current collector fragments and a small amount of incompletely peeled electrode sheets) is discharged from the heavy material outlet at the bottom of the cyclone separator 311 under the action of centrifugal force.

[0044] The metal current collector separation system 320 is used to process heavy materials discharged from the cyclone separator 311. The metal current collector separation system 320 is provided with an eddy current separator 321, a vibrating screen 323 and a magnetic separator 322 in sequence along the material flow direction.

[0045] The feed inlet of the eddy current separator 321 is connected to the heavy material outlet of the cyclone separator 311 via a screw feeder, using the eddy current effect to separate non-magnetic aluminum foil fragments. The remaining material after separation by the eddy current separator 321 (mainly copper foil fragments and a small amount of iron impurities that may be mixed in) is conveyed to the vibrating screen 323 for screening via a chain conveyor. The oversize material of the vibrating screen 323 (e.g., incompletely dissociated electrode material with a particle size greater than 10mm) is returned to the feed inlet of the electrode material dissociation unit 200 via the return conveyor 324 for secondary crushing to improve the dissociation rate and recovery rate. The undersize material of the vibrating screen 323 (mainly copper particles) enters the magnetic separator 322 to remove any ferromagnetic impurities that may be mixed in (such as battery casing fragments, screws, etc.), ultimately obtaining a high-purity copper particle concentrate.

[0046] It should be further explained that by increasing the rotational speed of the magnetic roller in the eddy current separator 321, the frequency of the alternating magnetic field is increased. According to the principle of eddy currents, this will cause the more conductive aluminum metal to generate a stronger repulsive force, thereby separating it more clearly from the less conductive copper or non-metallic materials, thus improving the enrichment rate of aluminum metal.

[0047] The electrode active material purification system 330 includes a pulse dust collector 331 and a high-efficiency filter 332. The inlet of the pulse dust collector 331 is connected to the purified exhaust gas outlet of the bag dust collector 312 for deep purification of dust-laden exhaust gas. The high-efficiency filter 332 (such as a HEPA filter) is connected to the outlet of the pulse dust collector 331 for final filtration of the gas to ensure that emissions meet standards. The electrode active material powder collected from the active material powder outlet 313 of the bag dust collector 312 and the ash hopper of the pulse dust collector 331 is the pre-enriched product.

[0048] In the dissociation stage, shearing crushing instead of impact crushing is used, which generates shearing and peeling forces on the electrode sheets, more effectively scraping the brittle active material layer from the tough copper and aluminum foil current collectors. At the same time, it minimizes the excessive crushing and tangling of the metal foil, creating a favorable material morphology for subsequent sorting. Secondly, in the sorting stage, the differences in density and physical properties between the active material and metal fragments are utilized. Lightweight black powder is first efficiently separated and collected by pneumatic separation with optimized air velocity (8-15 m / s). Subsequently, for heavy materials, a combination of eddy current separation and magnetic separation is used to accurately separate non-magnetic aluminum and weakly magnetic copper, and remove ferromagnetic impurities. Crucially, the system is equipped with a vibrating screen 323 and a return conveyor 324, which can automatically return large-sized materials that are not completely dissociated to the crusher for secondary processing. This closed-loop design process is more compact, eliminating the loss of valuable materials due to incomplete primary crushing, thereby improving the recovery rate and purity of copper and aluminum metals, as well as the collection rate of black powder.

[0049] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the present invention also provides a waste lithium battery crushing and sorting black powder recycling process based on a waste lithium battery crushing and sorting black powder device, including the following steps:

[0050] Step S410, electrode pretreatment: Discharge and disassemble the waste power battery pack to obtain battery cells, and crush and sort the cells to obtain a battery electrode mixture with aluminum foil as the positive current collector and copper foil as the negative current collector.

[0051] Step S420, Protective dissociation: Under the protection of inert gas and temperature control at 25-60℃, the battery electrode mixture is sheared and crushed to dissociate the electrode active material from the current collector, and the particle size of the dissociated material is controlled.

[0052] Specifically, the battery electrode mixture is fed into the electrode material dissociation unit 200 through the feeding unit 100. Nitrogen or argon is continuously introduced through the inert gas injection interface 210 to create an inert atmosphere (oxygen concentration <100ppm) in the crushing chamber. The crusher is started and the electrode is sheared and crushed at a temperature of 25-60℃ (monitored by the temperature control sensor 220). The crushing intensity and time are controlled to effectively peel the electrode active materials (such as ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate, graphite, etc.) from the aluminum foil or copper foil current collector, and the particle size of the dissociated material is controlled within the range of 2-20mm.

[0053] Step S430, Active material sorting: The dissociated material is pneumatically sorted to separate and collect the electrode active material powder.

[0054] Specifically, the dissociated material is drawn into the active material collection system 310 under negative pressure. In the pipeline, the airflow speed is maintained at 8-15 m / s by controlling the frequency of the material conveying fan. At this airflow speed, the less dense electrode active material powder is carried by the airflow into the cyclone separator 311 and the bag filter 312, and is finally collected from the active material powder outlet 313, while the denser current collector metal fragments are discharged from the bottom of the cyclone separator 311.

[0055] Step S440, Metal separation of current collector: The heavy material after pneumatic separation is subjected to eddy current separation and magnetic separation to obtain aluminum particle concentrate and copper particle concentrate, respectively.

[0056] Specifically, the heavy material discharged from the cyclone separator 311 enters the metal current collector separation system 320. First, it passes through the eddy current separator 321 to separate the aluminum foil fragments. The remaining material is screened by the vibrating screen 323. The incompletely separated material with a particle size larger than the set threshold (e.g., 10 mm) is returned to step S420 for secondary crushing via the return conveyor 324. The undersize material enters the magnetic separator 322, where iron impurities are removed by the difference in magnetic properties, and finally, a copper particle enrichment with high purity is obtained.

[0057] Step S450, Active material purification: The collected electrode active material powder is purified by dust removal and filtration to obtain battery-grade positive electrode material precursor and / or negative electrode material precursor.

[0058] Specifically, the electrode active material powder collected from the bag filter 312 and the fine dust collected from the pulse dust collector 331 are combined and then enter the subsequent electrode active material purification system 330 (which may include subsequent fine classification, acid leaching, impurity removal, regeneration and other processes, not fully shown in the figure). The dust-laden gas generated in the process is purified by the pulse dust collector 331 and the high-efficiency filter 332 in sequence and then discharged in compliance with standards. Finally, after purification and refinement, battery-grade positive electrode material precursors (such as nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide) and / or negative electrode material precursors (such as recycled graphite) can be obtained.

[0059] This waste lithium battery crushing, sorting, and black powder recycling process uses pneumatic separation to directly collect light black powder, and then uses eddy current separation to precisely separate non-magnetic copper and aluminum. This physical combination of sorting is more efficient, yielding black powder with higher purity (which can be used directly as a precursor) and more thoroughly separated copper and aluminum particles. The process is also highly integrated, with incompletely separated coarse material returned to the crusher through a return material recycling system, forming a closed loop. This ensures that the active material is completely stripped from the current collector, significantly improving the black powder recovery rate.

[0060] The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for crushing and sorting black powder from waste lithium batteries, characterized in that, Including those arranged sequentially along the material flow direction: The feeding unit (100) is used to transport the battery electrodes after discharge and disassembly; The electrode material dissociation unit (200) is connected to the feeding unit (100) and is used to shear and break the battery electrode under inert gas protection so that the electrode active material is peeled off from the current collector. The sorting and enrichment unit (300) includes an active material collection system (310), a metal current collector separation system (320), and an electrode active material purification system (330). The active material collection system (310) is connected to the electrode material dissociation unit (200). The active material collection system (310) is used to collect the electrode active material powder stripped from the current collector by pneumatic sorting. The metal current collector separation system (320) is connected to the heavy material outlet of the active material collection system (310). The metal current collector separation system (320) is used to separate and enrich copper foil fragments and aluminum foil fragments respectively. The electrode active material purification system (330) is connected to the powder outlet of the active material collection system (310) and is used to purify the collected electrode active material powder.

2. The waste lithium battery crushing and sorting black powder device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrode material dissociation unit (200) is equipped with an inert gas injection port (210) and a temperature control sensor (220).

3. The waste lithium battery crushing and sorting black powder device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The active material collection system (310) includes a cyclone separator (311) and a bag filter (312) connected to the upper outlet of the cyclone separator (311). The air inlet of the cyclone separator (311) is connected to the discharge port of the electrode material separation unit (200) through a pipe. The bottom heavy material outlet of the cyclone separator (311) is connected to the metal current collector separation system (320). The bottom of the bag filter (312) is provided with an active material powder outlet (313).

4. The waste lithium battery crushing and sorting black powder device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The metal current collector separation system (320) includes an eddy current separator (321) and a magnetic separator (322) arranged sequentially along the material flow direction. The feed inlet of the eddy current separator (321) is connected to the heavy material outlet of the cyclone separator (311) for separating aluminum particles. The feed inlet of the magnetic separator (322) is connected to the discharge outlet of the eddy current separator (321) for separating iron impurities.

5. The waste lithium battery crushing and sorting black powder device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A vibrating screen (323) is provided between the eddy current separator (321) and the magnetic separator (322). The oversize outlet of the vibrating screen (323) is connected to the feed inlet of the electrode material dissociation unit (200) through the return conveyor (324).

6. The waste lithium battery crushing and sorting black powder device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The electrode active material purification system (330) includes a pulse dust collector (331) and a high-efficiency filter (332) connected in sequence. The air inlet of the pulse dust collector (331) is connected to the exhaust outlet of the bag filter (312).

7. A waste lithium battery crushing, sorting, and black powder recycling process based on the apparatus of any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Electrode sheet pretreatment: Discharge and disassemble the waste power battery pack to obtain battery cells, and crush and sort the cells to obtain a battery electrode sheet mixture with aluminum foil as the positive current collector and copper foil as the negative current collector. Protective dissociation: Under the protection of inert gas and the temperature controlled at 25-60℃, the battery electrode mixture is sheared and crushed to dissociate the electrode active material from the current collector, and the particle size of the dissociated material is controlled. Active material sorting: The dissociated material is pneumatically sorted to separate and collect the electrode active material powder; Metal separation in current collectors: The heavy materials after pneumatic separation are subjected to eddy current separation and magnetic separation to obtain aluminum particle enrichment and copper particle enrichment, respectively. Active material purification: The collected electrode active material powder is purified by dust removal and filtration to obtain battery-grade positive electrode material precursor and / or negative electrode material precursor.

8. The recycling process according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the protective dissociation step, the inert gas introduced is nitrogen or argon, with an oxygen concentration of less than 100 ppm, and the particle size of the crushed material is controlled between 2-20 mm.

9. The recycling process according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the active material sorting step, the airflow velocity for pneumatic sorting is controlled at 8-15 m / s.

10. The recycling process according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the current collector metal separation step, after eddy current separation, the remaining material is screened, and the incompletely dissociated material with a particle size larger than the set threshold is returned to the protective dissociation step for secondary crushing.

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