High-performance aluminum alloy sheet prepared by melt impact method, preparation device and method

Abstract

The invention mainly relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation, in particular to a high-performance aluminum alloy sheet prepared through a melt impact method and a preparation device and method.The high-performance aluminum alloy sheet comprises a conveying device, an injection device, water-cooling rollers and a screw-down mechanism, the water-cooling rollers and the screw-down mechanism are arranged on a rolling mill rack, the water-cooling rollers are two symmetrically-arranged rollers, and a forming die is arranged above a rolling seam; the pressing mechanism is used for adjusting the horizontal distance between the two rollers, the spraying device is used for spraying molten aluminum alloy in the conveying device into the forming die, the spraying device does reciprocating linear scanning motion in the axis direction of the water-cooling rollers, and the forming die is of a symmetrical hollow structure and communicates with a rolling seam. The symmetry axis of the hollow structure coincides with the center line of the rolling seam; comprising a dummy ingot device which is arranged at the bottom of the hollow structure and separates the hollow structure from a rolling seam. According to the method, the industrial problems of macrosegregation, structure uniformity, overlong process, overlarge early-stage investment and the like of the high-performance aluminum alloy in the large-size cast ingot can be solved, and the final product is high in quality, stable in performance and wide in application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention mainly relates to the field of aluminum alloy preparation technology, specifically a high-performance aluminum alloy thin plate, preparation device and method prepared by melt impact method. Background Technology

[0002] In the modern industrial sector, high-end industries such as automobile manufacturing and aerospace have placed increasingly stringent demands on the performance of materials. High-performance aluminum alloy sheets, with their excellent strength, toughness, and lightweight characteristics, have become an indispensable key material in these fields, and their production and manufacturing technology level directly affects the development quality and competitiveness of related industries. Currently, the mainstream production process for high-performance aluminum alloy thin sheets in the industry is a multi-stage, long-flow process, involving semi-continuous casting, ingot sawing, milling, ingot heating, hot rolling, cold rolling, and heat treatment. This process requires a series of large-scale, high-precision equipment. However, this production model has several inherent drawbacks: First, the processes are complex and lengthy, requiring multiple conversion steps from casting to final heat treatment, increasing the difficulty of production control and potentially affecting product quality stability due to process connection issues. Second, it requires a large footprint; the deployment of numerous large equipment units necessitates extensive factory space, placing high demands on production site selection and planning. Third, the initial investment is substantial, and subsequent operating costs, such as equipment maintenance and energy consumption, remain high, hindering the overall improvement of production efficiency and cost optimization in the industry. Meanwhile, the aerospace field has much higher performance requirements for aluminum alloy materials than ordinary industrial fields. They not only need excellent mechanical properties but also must meet the requirements for corrosion resistance, dimensional stability, and high purity under extreme environments. Current aerospace-grade aluminum alloy sheets are mostly produced using traditional long-process technologies, which have the following problems: the lengthy process increases the risk of alloy element segregation, affecting the uniformity of material properties; multiple process transitions easily introduce oxide inclusions, reducing material purity and failing to meet the low-defect requirements of aerospace-grade materials; and materials produced by traditional processes have coarse grains, making it difficult to balance strength and corrosion resistance.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new production method with a short-process production mode to prepare high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates, as well as a preparation device and method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application employs the following technical solution: A device for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method includes a conveying device (1), a spraying device (2), and a water-cooled roll (5) and a pressing mechanism (6) arranged on a rolling mill stand (7). The water-cooled roll (5) includes two symmetrically arranged rolls and a forming mold (3) is arranged above the roll gap. The forming mold (3) is a symmetrical hollow structure and is connected to the roll gap. The axis of symmetry of the hollow structure coincides with the center line of the roll gap. The thermal conductivity of the material used to prepare the forming mold (3) is ≤15W / m. K; Furthermore, the pressing mechanism (6) is used to adjust the horizontal distance between the two rollers; Furthermore, one end of the conveying device (1) is connected to other equipment, and the other end is connected to the spraying device (2). The spraying device (2) is provided with several uniformly distributed nozzles for spraying the molten aluminum alloy in the conveying device (1) into the forming mold (3). The spraying device (2) performs a reciprocating linear scanning motion along the axial direction of the water-cooled roll (5) according to a preset cycle, so that the liquid surface in the forming mold (3) is intermittently impacted by liquid. Furthermore, it also includes a spool-drawing device (4), which is located at the bottom of the hollow structure and separates the hollow structure from the rolling gap. Its bottom end abuts against the outer wall of the water-cooled roll (5). When the water-cooled roll (5) moves, it drives the spool-drawing device (4) to move downward in the vertical direction.

[0005] Furthermore, it also includes several sets of guide devices (8) arranged along the center line of the roll gap. The guide device (8) includes two symmetrically arranged rollers. The horizontal distance between the two rollers is equal to the width of the roll gap. It is used to guide the aluminum alloy sheet, correct its posture, and maintain its flatness.

[0006] Furthermore, one end of the conveying device (1) is connected to other equipment, namely a booster pump (91), which conveys molten aluminum alloy to the conveying device (1). The other end of the booster pump (91) is connected in sequence to a filter box (92), a degassing box (93), a heat preservation furnace (94), and an aluminum melting furnace (95) via a flow channel for pretreatment of aluminum alloy raw materials.

[0007] Furthermore, the water-cooled roll (5) is provided with a cooling water channel inside. The inlet and outlet of the channel are connected to an external cooling water circulation system. The cooling water flows along the channel and directly contacts the inner wall of the water-cooled roll (5) for heat conduction.

[0008] Furthermore, several nozzles of the spraying device (2) can be controlled independently or in groups to achieve flow rate regulation of the molten aluminum alloy.

[0009] A method for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method includes the following steps: Step 100, aluminum alloy raw material pretreatment: aluminum alloy raw material is placed into the aluminum melting furnace (95) according to a preset ratio for melting treatment, and then passed through the heat preservation furnace (94), degassing box (93), and filter box (92) in sequence for refining, degassing and purification treatment to obtain molten aluminum alloy; Step 200, directional conveying, the molten aluminum alloy is conveyed to the conveying device (1) through the lifting pump (91), and then conveyed to the spraying device (2) under the action of a protective atmosphere; Step 300, melt impact forming, the spraying device (2) performs a reciprocating linear scanning motion along the axial direction of the water-cooled roll (5) according to a preset cycle, spraying the molten aluminum alloy into the forming mold (3), and forming dynamic impact crystallization by contacting the upper surface of the ingot-drawing device (4). After a preset time, the molten aluminum alloy in contact with the upper surface cools into a solidified state. Step 400, synchronous rolling: start the water-cooled roll (5), pull the ingot-drawing device (4) downward, and when the water-cooled roll (5) contacts the aluminum billet, start the pressing mechanism (6), adjust the horizontal distance of the water-cooled roll, and at the same time adjust the rotation speed of the water-cooled roll (5) to perform pressing treatment and generate aluminum alloy sheet; Step 500, guiding and finishing: the aluminum alloy sheet passes through the guiding device (8) for guidance and posture correction.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 300, the preset time is ≤30s, the preset impact speed of the molten aluminum alloy must meet the kinetic energy requirements for breaking the initial dendritic structure, and multi-point synchronous self-impact is achieved through the nozzle of the spraying device (2).

[0011] Furthermore, in step 400, during the pressing process, the distance between the two rolls is adjusted to the thickness of the aluminum alloy sheet.

[0012] Further, in step 400, the distance between the center line of the two rolls in the water-cooled roll (5) and the molten aluminum alloy liquid surface in the forming mold (3) is H and H≤400mm.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: This application mainly prepares thin plates through raw material pretreatment, directional conveying, melt impact, composite molding, synchronous rolling, and guided finishing processes. It combines the layered deposition principle of liquid metal 3D printing with the synchronous rolling method to transform the overall solidification in the traditional long-process technology into layered solidification. Through layer-by-layer stacking, the process of solidifying molten aluminum alloy is transformed into continuous micro-units. At the same time, the subsequent melt impact can also produce an intermittent impact effect on the melt of the previous layer. The layer-by-layer stacking of layered deposition and the reciprocating scanning impact of the jetting device 2 form a synergy, which can effectively avoid the problems of poor solidification rate and component segregation in the traditional long-process technology.

[0014] Furthermore, compared to traditional long-process technology, the method in this application shortens the production cycle and improves production efficiency. At the same time, it can avoid the risks of oxidation and inclusion caused by the conversion between multiple processes in traditional long-process technology, thereby improving product quality.

[0015] In summary, by combining the melt impact method with water-cooled rolls, a short-process, high-performance, and low-energy-consumption production of aluminum alloy sheets from the molten state to the finished product has been achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the apparatus for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates in this application; Appendix Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged view of the apparatus for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates in this application; Appendix Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the apparatus and other equipment used in this application for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates; Appendix Figure 4 This is a metallographic image of the aluminum alloy sheet prepared in Example 1 of this application; Appendix Figure 5 This is a metallographic image of the aluminum alloy sheet prepared in Example 2 of this application; Appendix Figure 6 This is a metallographic image of the aluminum alloy sheet prepared in Example 3 of this application.

[0017] The following are the reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Conveying device; 2. Spraying device; 3. Forming mold; 4. Ingot drawing device; 5. Water-cooled roll; 6. Pressing mechanism; 7. Rolling mill stand; 8. Guiding device; 91. Lifting pump; 92. Filter box; 93. Degassing box; 94. Holding furnace; 95. Aluminum melting furnace. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present application will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of this application, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to this application, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by this application.

[0019] Combined with appendix Figure 1 An apparatus for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy sheets using a melt impact method includes a conveying device 1, an injection device 2, and water-cooled rolls 5 and a pressing mechanism 6 mounted on a rolling mill stand 7. The water-cooled rolls 5 consist of two symmetrically arranged rolls with a forming die 3 positioned above the roll gap. The pressing mechanism 6 adjusts the horizontal distance between the two rolls. One end of the conveying device 1 is connected to other equipment, and the other end is connected to the injection device 2. The injection device 2 injects molten aluminum alloy from the conveying device 1 into the forming die 3. The injection device 2 performs a reciprocating linear scanning motion along the axial direction of the water-cooled rolls 5 at a preset cycle, intermittently impacting the liquid surface within the forming die 3. The forming die 3 has a symmetrical hollow structure and is connected to the roll gap; the axis of symmetry of the hollow structure coincides with the centerline of the roll gap.

[0020] Specifically, the thermal conductivity of the material used to prepare the forming mold 3 is ≤15W / m. K.

[0021] Specifically, the spraying device 2 is equipped with several uniformly distributed nozzles, through which molten aluminum alloy is uniformly sprayed into the forming mold 3. Compared with a single nozzle design, it can not only achieve multi-point synchronous self-impact to refine grains, but also avoid local overheating through multi-point synchronous cooling. At the same time, the several nozzles can be controlled independently or in groups to adjust the flow rate of molten aluminum alloy to adapt to aluminum alloy sheets of different thicknesses.

[0022] It also includes a trolley device 4, which is located at the bottom of the hollow structure. The outer circumferential wall of the trolley device 4 abuts against the inner wall of the hollow structure, separating the hollow structure from the rolling gap and sealing the lower opening of the hollow structure. In the initial production state, the molten aluminum alloy is in contact with it to prevent leakage. The bottom end of the trolley device 4 abuts against the outer wall of the water-cooled roll 5. When the water-cooled roll 5 moves, it drives the trolley device 4 to move downwards in the vertical direction.

[0023] The water-cooled roll 5 has a cooling water channel inside. The inlet and outlet of the channel are connected to the external cooling water circulation system. When the water-cooled roll 5 moves, the cooling water flows along the channel and directly contacts the inner wall of the water-cooled roll 5 for heat conduction. It absorbs the heat absorbed by the high-temperature aluminum billet in contact with the outer surface of the water-cooled roll 5, thereby promoting the solidification of the molten aluminum alloy.

[0024] It also includes several sets of guide devices 8 arranged along the center line of the roll gap. Each guide device 8 includes two symmetrically arranged rollers, and the horizontal distance between the two rollers is equal to the width of the roll gap. The guide devices 8 ensure that the aluminum alloy sheet moves along a preset path, preventing the sheet from shifting or bending. Simultaneously, the clamping force of the guide devices 8 provides continuous support to the aluminum alloy sheet, maintaining its flatness.

[0025] One end of the conveying device 1 is connected to other equipment, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 3 As shown, the other equipment is a lift pump 91, which transports molten aluminum alloy to the conveying device 1. The other end of the lift pump 91 is connected in sequence to a filter box 92, a degassing box 93, a heat preservation furnace 94, and an aluminum melting furnace 95 via a flow channel, which are used for the pretreatment of aluminum alloy raw materials.

[0026] In existing technologies, a horizontal casting method is often used, where molten aluminum alloy is atomized and deposited, then solidified in a two-roll mill, followed by subsequent processing using ingot casting or other methods. In the apparatus for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy sheets described in this application, when the aluminum alloy is in a semi-solidified state, a vertical orientation aligned with the direction of gravity is adopted. Under the combined effect of gravity and the kinetic energy generated by the molten impact, the gaps between the molten aluminum alloy particles are reduced, avoiding defects. Furthermore, when the spraying device 2 uniformly sprays the molten aluminum alloy into the forming mold 3 through several nozzles, the spraying device 2 performs a reciprocating spraying motion in the horizontal direction, which intermittently impacts the solidified layer, improving the uniformity of the final sheet.

[0027] Based on the above-described apparatus for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates, a method for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method includes the following steps: A method for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method includes the following steps: Step 100, aluminum alloy raw material pretreatment: aluminum alloy raw material is placed into the aluminum melting furnace 95 according to a preset ratio for melting treatment, and then passed through the holding furnace 94, degassing box 93 and filter box 92 in sequence for refining, degassing and purification treatment to obtain molten aluminum alloy. In some preferred embodiments of this application, the aluminum alloy raw material may be any one of 3003 aluminum alloy, 5754 aluminum alloy, 6016 aluminum alloy, or other grades of aluminum alloy.

[0028] Step 200: The molten aluminum alloy is conveyed to the conveying device 1 through the lifting pump 91, and then conveyed to the spraying device 2 under the action of a protective atmosphere, wherein the protective atmosphere is a gas that does not react with the high-temperature molten aluminum alloy, such as helium, nitrogen, or argon.

[0029] Step 300: The spraying device 2 performs a reciprocating linear scanning motion along the axial direction of the water-cooled roll 5 at a preset cycle, spraying molten aluminum alloy into the forming mold 3 at a preset impact speed, and contacting the upper surface of the ingot-drawing device 4. The molten aluminum alloy and the ingot-drawing device 4 engage and begin to solidify. During the spraying process, the molten aluminum alloy and the upper surface of the ingot-drawing device 4 form dynamic impact crystallization, using impact kinetic energy to break the initially formed dendritic structure, while simultaneously achieving directional forming with the constraint of the forming mold cavity. After a preset time, the molten aluminum alloy in contact with the upper surface cools to a solidified state, wherein the preset time is ≤30s. Step 400: Start the water-cooled rolling roll 5 and pull the ingot-drawing device 4 downward. After the water-cooled rolling roll 5 contacts the aluminum billet, start the pressing mechanism 6 and adjust the horizontal distance of the water-cooled rolling roll 5 to 2-10mm. Increase the contact area between the water-cooled rolling roll 5 and the aluminum billet and adjust the thickness of the aluminum billet. At the same time, adjust the rotation speed of the water-cooled rolling roll 5 to balance the cooling state with the aluminum billet and perform the pressing process to generate an aluminum alloy sheet. It is important to note that the distance H between the center line of the two water-cooled rolls 5 and the surface of the molten aluminum alloy in the forming die 3 is ≤ 400 mm. The molten aluminum alloy in the forming die 3 is in a semi-solid state; although not fully solidified, it possesses a certain degree of stability. Controlling H ≤ 400 mm allows the aluminum billet to contact the water-cooled rolls 5 while maintaining good plasticity. The pressure from the water-cooled rolls 5 breaks down the dendritic structure inside the aluminum billet, promoting grain refinement. Simultaneously, the semi-solidified aluminum billet also possesses a certain degree of fluidity, which can fill internal voids and improve density. If H > 400 mm, the upper surface of the aluminum billet is exposed to air for an extended period, resulting in a large temperature difference between the surface and the interior. The upper part may solidify prematurely, forming a hard shell, while the interior remains in a semi-solid state. When the water-cooled rolls 5 roll, the stress difference between the hard shell and the semi-solidified state causes surface cracks or delamination, leading to a decrease in the performance of the final aluminum alloy sheet.

[0030] Step 500: The aluminum alloy sheet passes through the guide device 8 for guidance and posture correction.

[0031] This application primarily prepares thin plates through a process involving raw material pretreatment, directional conveying, melt impact, composite molding, synchronous rolling, and guided finishing. It combines the layered deposition principle of liquid metal 3D printing with synchronous rolling, transforming the overall solidification of traditional long-process technologies into layered solidification. Through layer-by-layer stacking, the solidification process of molten aluminum alloy is transformed into continuous micro-units. Simultaneously, subsequent melt impacts also intermittently impact the previous layer. The layer-by-layer stacking of the layered deposition, combined with the reciprocating scanning impact of the jetting device 2, creates a synergistic effect. Each layer of melt participates in the forming process as a deposition layer and also acts as an impactor on the next layer, forming a cumulative effect. Ultimately, a uniform fine-grained structure is obtained, effectively avoiding the problems of poor solidification rate and component segregation inherent in traditional long-process technologies. Furthermore, compared to traditional long-process technologies, the method in this application shortens the production cycle and increases production efficiency. It also avoids the risks of oxidation and inclusions caused by the transitions between multiple steps in traditional long-process technologies, improving product quality. The flow rate, impact speed, and movement speed of the jetting device 2 can be adjusted in real time, making it more adaptable.

[0032] A high-performance aluminum alloy sheet material prepared by the above method uses 3003 aluminum alloy, 5754 aluminum alloy, and 6016 aluminum alloy as aluminum alloy raw materials. Through the synergistic effect of melt impact and synchronous rolling, the grain size of the final high-performance aluminum alloy sheet material is refined to ≤40μm, and the salt spray corrosion resistance time is ≥1000h, making it suitable for the extreme service environment of aerospace equipment.

[0033] Example 1 Based on the above-described apparatus for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates, a method for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method includes the following steps: Step 100: Pre-treatment of aluminum alloy raw materials. 3003 aluminum alloy is placed into the aluminum melting furnace 95 for melting treatment, and then successively passed through the holding furnace 94, degassing box 93 and filter box 92 for refining, degassing and purification treatment to obtain molten aluminum alloy. Step 200: The molten aluminum alloy is conveyed to the conveying device 1 through the lifting pump 91, and then conveyed to the spraying device 2 under the action of a protective atmosphere, wherein the protective atmosphere is nitrogen. Step 300: The spraying device 2 sprays molten aluminum alloy into the forming mold 3 and into contact with the upper surface of the ingot-drawing device 4. After 10 seconds, the molten aluminum alloy in contact with the upper surface cools into a solidified state. Step 400: Start the water-cooled rolling roll 5 and pull the ingot-drawing device 4 downward. After the water-cooled rolling roll 5 contacts the aluminum billet, start the pressing mechanism 6, adjust the horizontal distance of the water-cooled rolling roll 5 to 5mm, increase the contact area between the water-cooled rolling roll 5 and the aluminum billet, and adjust the thickness of the aluminum billet. At the same time, adjust the rotation speed of the water-cooled rolling roll 5 to 1.7m / min to balance the cooling state with the aluminum billet, and perform the pressing process to generate an aluminum alloy sheet. Step 500: The aluminum alloy sheet passes through the guide device 8 for guidance and posture correction.

[0034] Appendix Figure 4 The metallographic image of the aluminum alloy sheet obtained in this embodiment shows that the grain size in the final aluminum alloy sheet is relatively uniform, the grain distribution in each region is relatively uniform, and there is no obvious segregation or delamination.

[0035] Example 2 Based on the above-described apparatus for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates, a method for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method includes the following steps: Step 100, aluminum alloy raw material pretreatment: 5754 aluminum alloy is placed into the aluminum melting furnace 95 for melting treatment, and then successively passed through the holding furnace 94, degassing box 93 and filter box 92 for refining, degassing and purification treatment to obtain molten aluminum alloy. Step 200: Molten aluminum alloy is conveyed to the conveying device 1 via the lifting pump 91, and then conveyed to the spraying device 2 under the action of a protective atmosphere, wherein the protective atmosphere is argon. Step 300: The spraying device 2 sprays molten aluminum alloy into the forming mold 3 and into contact with the upper surface of the ingot-drawing device 4. After 12 seconds, the molten aluminum alloy in contact with the upper surface cools into a solidified state. Step 400: Start the water-cooled rolling roll 5 and pull the ingot-drawing device 4 downward. After the water-cooled rolling roll 5 contacts the aluminum billet, start the pressing mechanism 6, adjust the horizontal distance of the water-cooled rolling roll 5 to 4mm, increase the contact area between the water-cooled rolling roll 5 and the aluminum billet, and adjust the thickness of the aluminum billet. At the same time, adjust the rotation speed of the water-cooled rolling roll 5 to 1.8m / min to balance the cooling state with the aluminum billet, and perform the pressing process to generate an aluminum alloy sheet. Step 500: The aluminum alloy sheet passes through the guide device 8 for guidance and posture correction.

[0036] Appendix Figure 5 The metallographic image of the aluminum alloy sheet obtained in this embodiment shows that the grain size in the final aluminum alloy sheet is relatively uniform, the grain distribution in each region is relatively uniform, and there is no obvious segregation or delamination.

[0037] Example 3 Based on the above-described apparatus for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates, a method for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method includes the following steps: Step 100, aluminum alloy raw material pretreatment: 6016 aluminum alloy is placed into the aluminum melting furnace 95 for melting treatment, and then successively passed through the holding furnace 94, degassing box 93 and filter box 92 for refining, degassing and purification treatment to obtain molten aluminum alloy. Step 200: Molten aluminum alloy is conveyed to the conveying device 1 via the lifting pump 91, and then conveyed to the spraying device 2 under the action of a protective atmosphere, wherein the protective atmosphere is argon. Step 300: The spraying device 2 sprays molten aluminum alloy into the forming mold 3 and into contact with the upper surface of the ingot-drawing device 4. After 12 seconds, the molten aluminum alloy in contact with the upper surface cools into a solidified state. Step 400: Start the water-cooled rolling roll 5 and pull the ingot-drawing device 4 downward. After the water-cooled rolling roll 5 contacts the aluminum billet, start the pressing mechanism 6, adjust the horizontal distance of the water-cooled rolling roll 5 to 6mm, increase the contact area between the water-cooled rolling roll 5 and the aluminum billet, and adjust the thickness of the aluminum billet. At the same time, adjust the rotation speed of the water-cooled rolling roll 5 to 1.5m / min to balance the cooling state with the aluminum billet, and perform the pressing process to generate an aluminum alloy sheet. Step 500: The aluminum alloy sheet passes through the guide device 8 for guidance and posture correction.

[0038] Appendix Figure 6 The metallographic image of the aluminum alloy sheet obtained in this embodiment shows that the grain size in the final aluminum alloy sheet is relatively uniform, the grain distribution in each region is relatively uniform, and there is no obvious segregation or delamination.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An apparatus for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method, characterized in that: The device includes a conveying device (1), a spraying device (2), and a water-cooled roll (5) and a pressing mechanism (6) mounted on the mill stand (7). The water-cooled roll (5) includes two symmetrically arranged rolls and a forming mold (3) is provided above the roll gap. The forming mold (3) is a symmetrical hollow structure and is connected to the roll gap. The axis of symmetry of the hollow structure coincides with the center line of the roll gap. The thermal conductivity of the material used to prepare the forming mold (3) is ≤15W / m. K; The pressing mechanism (6) is used to adjust the horizontal distance between the two rolls; One end of the conveying device (1) is connected to other equipment, and the other end is connected to the spraying device (2). The spraying device (2) is provided with several uniformly distributed nozzles for spraying the molten aluminum alloy in the conveying device (1) into the forming mold (3). The spraying device (2) performs a reciprocating linear scanning motion along the axial direction of the water-cooled roll (5) according to a preset cycle, so that the liquid surface in the forming mold (3) is intermittently impacted by liquid. It also includes a spool-drawing device (4), which is located at the bottom of the hollow structure and separates the hollow structure from the rolling gap. Its bottom end abuts against the outer wall of the water-cooled roll (5). When the water-cooled roll (5) moves, it drives the spool-drawing device (4) to move downward in the vertical direction.

2. The apparatus for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes several sets of guide devices (8) arranged along the center line of the roll gap. The guide device (8) includes two symmetrically arranged rollers. The horizontal distance between the two rollers is equal to the width of the roll gap. It is used to guide the aluminum alloy sheet, correct its posture and maintain its flatness.

3. The apparatus for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the conveying device (1) is connected to other equipment, namely a booster pump (91), which conveys molten aluminum alloy to the conveying device (1) through the booster pump (91). The other end of the booster pump (91) is connected in sequence to a filter box (92), a degassing box (93), a heat preservation furnace (94), and an aluminum melting furnace (95) through a flow channel for pretreatment of aluminum alloy raw materials.

4. The apparatus for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-cooled roll (5) is provided with a cooling water channel inside. The inlet and outlet of the channel are connected to the external cooling water circulation system. The cooling water flows along the channel and directly contacts the inner wall of the water-cooled roll (5) for heat conduction.

5. The apparatus for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzles of the spraying device (2) can be controlled independently or in groups to achieve flow rate regulation of molten aluminum alloy.

6. A method for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method, based on the apparatus for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 100, aluminum alloy raw material pretreatment: aluminum alloy raw material is placed into the aluminum melting furnace (95) according to a preset ratio for melting treatment, and then passed through the heat preservation furnace (94), degassing box (93), and filter box (92) in sequence for refining, degassing and purification treatment to obtain molten aluminum alloy; Step 200, directional conveying, the molten aluminum alloy is conveyed to the conveying device (1) through the lifting pump (91), and then conveyed to the spraying device (2) under the action of a protective atmosphere; Step 300, melt impact forming, the spraying device (2) performs a reciprocating linear scanning motion along the axial direction of the water-cooled roll (5) according to a preset cycle, spraying the molten aluminum alloy into the forming mold (3), and forming dynamic impact crystallization by contacting the upper surface of the ingot-drawing device (4). After a preset time, the molten aluminum alloy in contact with the upper surface cools into a solidified state. Step 400, synchronous rolling: start the water-cooled roll (5), pull the ingot-drawing device (4) downward, and when the water-cooled roll (5) contacts the aluminum billet, start the pressing mechanism (6), adjust the horizontal distance of the water-cooled roll, and at the same time adjust the rotation speed of the water-cooled roll (5) to perform pressing treatment and generate aluminum alloy sheet; Step 500, guiding and finishing: the aluminum alloy sheet passes through the guiding device (8) for guidance and posture correction.

7. The method for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 300, the preset time is ≤30s, the preset impact speed of the molten aluminum alloy must meet the kinetic energy requirements for breaking the initial dendritic structure, and multi-point synchronous self-impact is achieved through the nozzle of the spray device (2).

8. The method for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 400, during the pressing process, the distance between the two rolls is adjusted to the thickness of the aluminum alloy sheet.

9. The method for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy thin plates by melt impact method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 400, the distance between the center line of the two rolls in the water-cooled roll (5) and the molten aluminum alloy surface in the forming mold (3) is H and H≤400mm.

10. A high-performance aluminum alloy sheet material prepared by the method of preparing high-performance aluminum alloy sheet by melt impact method according to any one of claims 6-9.

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