Increased octane number compositions, methods of using same, and kits comprising same

Abstract

An improved octane number combination is provided that includes methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), an antioxidant having small steric hindrance, and a fluid carrier comprising an aliphatic fluid as the remainder of the composition. Also provided is a method of increasing octane number comprising introducing the octane number increasing composition of the invention into a fuel supply such that the octane number increasing composition of the invention has sufficient time to mix into the fuel supply to increase octane number and increase combustion efficiency, and using the fuel supply.

Description

[0001] Related applications This application is a non-provisional application and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 706,063, filed October 11, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to compositions for increasing octane number, and more specifically, to compositions for increasing octane number that have better stability and a superior manufacturing process. Background Technology

[0003] Methylcyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is a versatile fuel additive used in gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, and turbine oil. This additive increases octane rating, prevents knocking, and enhances combustion efficiency. Specifically, it improves combustion efficiency by minimizing emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons.

[0004] MMT is photosensitive and decomposes within minutes of exposure to ambient light, breaking down into manganese oxide and carbonates. Current solutions designed to slow MMT photodegradation have limited effectiveness for several reasons, including high cost, environmental hazards, and toxicity. Another drawback is the requirement for complex chemical formulations containing key, hard-to-obtain ingredients. Furthermore, the production of existing solutions often requires specialized equipment. Therefore, current solutions fail to address the rapid degradation of MMT from the perspectives of efficient manufacturing and ease of use.

[0005] One known approach in the art involves adding a photosensitive dye, such as p-dimethylaminoazobenzene, to MMT to limit the light absorption of the MMT-containing solution. This photosensitive dye stabilization method suffers from the aforementioned cost issues and environmental and human health hazards. Another known approach in the art involves covering the mixing tank and production line with a light-shielding material. This method is also costly and inefficient from a production perspective because it requires a significant capital investment in the specialized materials used to cover the mixing tank and production line.

[0006] Therefore, there is still a need for compositions that improve octane rating with better production efficiency and ease of use. Additionally, there is a need for methods of using these compositions that improve production efficiency and ease of use, as well as for complete sets of materials containing these compositions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] A composition for increasing octane number is provided, comprising 0.1%-19.9% ​​by weight of methylcyclopentadiene manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). A sterically hindered antioxidant also comprises 0.1%-19.9% ​​by weight, and the ratio of the sterically hindered antioxidant to MMT is at least 0.1-10:1. The fluid carrier comprises an aromatic fluid, which constitutes the remainder of the composition.

[0008] A method for increasing octane rating is also provided, the method comprising introducing the octane-enhancing composition of the present invention into a fuel supply, allowing sufficient time for the octane-enhancing composition of the present invention to mix into the fuel supply to increase octane rating and improve combustion efficiency, and using the fuel supply. Attached Figure Description

[0009] The subject matter considered to be inventive is clearly specified and asserted in the claims of the concluding section of this specification.

[0010] This patent or application document contains at least one color drawing. Upon request and payment of the necessary fees, the Patent Office will provide a copy of the published version of this patent or patent application containing these color drawings / photographs.

[0011] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a set of images taken over a period of time of adjacent transparent bottles containing the composition of the present invention and the comparative composition, showing the better stability of the composition of the present invention; Figure 2A These are photographs of the compositions of the present invention prepared according to the formulation; and Figure 2B This is a photograph of the composition of the present invention four weeks after it was prepared according to the formula. Detailed Implementation

[0012] This invention is practical as a composition for increasing octane number, which is more efficient to manufacture and easier to use. This invention is also practical as a method of using the composition for increasing octane number, which is more efficient to manufacture and easier to use.

[0013] The octane-enhancing compositions of the present invention offer greater efficiency and ease of use in production. These compositions are stable and minimize light exposure, thus reducing MMT decomposition rates without requiring specialized production equipment or hard-to-obtain chemicals. The octane-enhancing compositions of the present invention achieve superior stability with fewer critical components compared to existing solutions, improving efficiency from both a production and cost perspective. Furthermore, the octane-enhancing compositions of the present invention pose less harm to the environment and human health compared to existing solutions.

[0014] Existing technologies typically employ sterically hindered phenolic antioxidants to achieve photostability. Some existing sterically hindered phenolic antioxidants contain bulky alkyl groups, such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol, which have tert-butyl groups at both ortho positions of the hydroxyl group. The bulky tert-butyl groups stabilize phenoxy radicals through steric hindrance. Conversely, it should be understood that the antioxidants in the compositions of the present invention, despite having low steric hindrance, still achieve enhanced photostability, thereby reducing the decomposition rate of MMT. Through non-limiting examples, it should be understood that the sterically hindered antioxidants in the embodiments of the compositions according to the present invention have a hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl group at at least one ortho position of the hydroxyl group, and when both ortho positions are C1-C6 alkyl groups, the C1-C6 alkyl group is neither a tert-alkyl nor a cyclic alkyl group.

[0015] It should be understood that whenever a numerical range is provided, the range is intended not only to include the endpoints of the range, but also explicitly includes the intermediate values ​​within the range, which vary with the last significant digit of the range. For example, the recorded range from 1 to 4 includes 1-2, 1-3, 2-4, 3-4, and 1-4.

[0016] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in the description of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0017] Unless otherwise expressly indicated or implied by the context, the following terms shall have the meanings defined herein.

[0018] As used in this specification and the appended claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” also include the plural forms, and “or” should be understood to have an inclusive meaning.

[0019] As used in this article, “and / or” refers to and covers any and all possible combinations of one or more of the relevant listed items, as well as situations where no combination is made when interpreted as “or”.

[0020] The terminology used herein is intended to include both its singular and plural forms, and thus includes one or more of the terms.

[0021] References to “one embodiment,” “another embodiment,” “a particular embodiment,” etc., in this specification (if any) mean that a particular element (e.g., feature, structure, and / or characteristic) described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment described herein and may or may not be present in other embodiments. Furthermore, it should be understood that these described aspects may be combined in any suitable manner.

[0022] One of the octane-enhancing compositions of the present invention comprises 0.1%-19.9% ​​by weight of methylcyclopentadiene manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), 0.1%-19.9% ​​by weight of a sterically hindered antioxidant, and a fluid carrier comprising an aliphatic fluid, whether or not containing optional additives, the fluid carrier constituting the remainder of the composition.

[0023] Aliphatic fluids suitable for use in this invention include, but are not limited to, dearomatic aliphatic fluids (CAS 64742-47-8); toluene; xylene; white spirit; and polar solvents (such as esters and alcohols), including, for example, mixtures of hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, decanol, and isotrigine alcohol; and any combination thereof. By weight, the fluid carrier phase constitutes the majority portion of the compositions of this invention, and its amount is limited only by the solubility of other components therein and their compatibility with engine fuels (in which the compositions of this invention are added).

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, the sterically hindered antioxidant is butylated phenol (2-ethylhexanol), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), or any combination thereof. The sterically hindered antioxidant accounts for 0.1%-19.9% ​​of the total weight. In some embodiments of the present invention, the molar ratio of the sterically hindered antioxidant to MMT is between 0.1 and 10:1.

[0025] It should be understood that, in some embodiments, additional antioxidants are present in the compositions of the present invention. Exemplary second antioxidants that may be used in embodiments of the present invention include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), di-tert-butylhydroquinone, di-tert-pentylhydroquinone, methylhydroquinone, p-methoxyphenol, tetra[methylene-3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-[3,5-bis(tert-butyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionamide, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3H-benzofuran-2-one, dilauryl thiodipropionate, dimyristyl thiodipropionate, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, and any combination thereof. According to embodiments of the composition of the present invention, the typical amount of the second antioxidant added is 0% to 12% of the total weight.

[0026] In some embodiments of the invention, the sterically hindrance-free antioxidant is simply butylated phenol containing a 2-ethylhexanol group. In other embodiments of the invention, the butylated phenol containing a 2-ethylhexanol group has an ethylhexanol group at the para-position of the hydroxyl group. In other embodiments of the invention, the butylated phenol containing a 2-ethylhexanol group has an ethylhexanol group at the meta-position of the hydroxyl group, or exists as a mixture of para- and meta-isomers of the hydroxyl group.

[0027] In other embodiments, the compositions of the present invention include a fuel cleaner. The fuel cleaner is exemplary at least one of polyisobutyleneamine (PIBA), polyetheramine (PEA), a Mannich reaction product, or any combination thereof. The fuel cleaner comprises 0%-70% of the total weight.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the composition further includes at least one of a lubricant, a corrosion inhibitor, or any combination thereof.

[0029] In other embodiments, corrosion inhibitors that may be used include C6-C12 carboxylic acids, with isononanoic acid as an example; organically modified zinc aluminum molybdenum phosphate hydrates; zinc-5-nitroisophthalate; calcium borosilicate; zinc benzoate; alkaline earth metal phosphates; zinc barium phosphate; zinc phosphate; benzotriazole; toluenetriazole; or any combination thereof. If present, the corrosion inhibitor constitutes 0%-5% of the total weight of the compositions of the present invention.

[0030] Table 1 shows the main components of one embodiment of the composition of the present invention.

[0031]

[0032] Innovative methods for increasing octane rating are also provided, comprising introducing the composition of the invention into a fuel supply, providing sufficient time for the composition of the invention to blend into the fuel supply to increase octane rating and improve combustion efficiency, and using the fuel supply. In embodiments of the invention, the fuel supply is at least one of leaded gasoline, unleaded gasoline, ethanol-containing gasoline, aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuel, fuel oil, jet fuel, diesel, biodiesel, turbine oil, kerosene, diesel, high-speed diesel fuel, or any combination thereof. As used herein, "leaded" in the context of gasoline refers to organolead compounds, such as the representative tetraethyl lead.

[0033] This disclosure will now be described with reference to the following embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, parts, percentages, and ratios are based on weight.

[0034] Example Example 1 Prepare a solution comprising 2% by weight of methylcyclopentadiene manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) and 1% by weight of butylated phenol containing 2-ethylhexanol in a dearomatic aliphatic fluid.

[0035] Comparative Example The 2-ethylhexanol-containing butylated phenol in the solution of Example 1 was replaced with a similar amount of dearomatic aliphatic fluid.

[0036] Example 2 The solutions of Example 1 and the comparative example were placed in adjacent bottles and photographed together at predetermined time intervals. These photographs are shown in Figure 2 from 0 to 255 minutes. Example 1 remained visibly unchanged, while the comparative example showed a visibly darkening of color in less than 60 minutes. The solution prepared according to Example 1... Figure 2A It is shown again in the middle, and as follows Figure 2B As shown, it remained unchanged after more than four weeks.

[0037] Example 3 The composition of Example 1 was modified by replacing the butylated phenol containing 2-ethylhexanol with 0.5% butylated hydroxytoluene by weight, and the amount of dearomatic aliphatic fluid was increased accordingly. The resulting composition exhibited similar stability properties to that of Example 2.

[0038] Examples 4 and 5 The composition of Example 1 was modified to include 1% by weight of polyisobutyleneamine (PIBA) or polyetheramine, and the amount of dearomatic aliphatic fluid was reduced accordingly. The resulting composition exhibited similar stability properties to that of Example 2.

[0039] Example 6 The composition of Example 1 was modified by replacing the dearomatic aliphatic fluid with a similar amount of xylene. The resulting composition exhibited similar stability properties to that of Example 2.

[0040] Example 7 The composition of Example 1 was modified to contain only 0.1% by weight of butylated phenol containing 2-ethylhexanol, and the content of the dearomatic aliphatic fluid was increased accordingly. The resulting composition exhibited similar stability properties to that of Example 2.

[0041] Example 8 The composition of Example 7 was modified to contain 1% by weight of 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), and the content of the dearomatic aliphatic fluid was reduced accordingly. The resulting composition exhibited similar stability properties to that of Example 2.

[0042] Example 9 According to US Patent US9694532B2, the composition of Example 1 was placed in a bottle and stored at standard temperature and pressure for 2 months, then added to a fuel supply of 85-octane fuel at an addition amount of 0.1% of the total fuel weight. The fuel was supplied to a four-cylinder internal combustion engine. When using the octane-enhancing composition, different types of gasoline with initial RON / MON can effectively increase the octane rating by 1-4 units.

[0043] Although specific embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, alterations, improvements, and substantially equivalents that may not be currently foreseen by the applicant or other persons skilled in the art may arise. Therefore, the claims filed with this application and their subsequent amendments are intended to cover all such alternatives, modifications, alterations, improvements, and substantially equivalents. It should also be understood that the exemplary embodiments are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the embodiments in any way. Rather, the foregoing detailed description is intended to provide a convenient guide for those skilled in the art to implement the exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that various changes can be made to aspects of functionality and configuration without departing from the scope defined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.

[0044] Any patent documents and publications mentioned in this specification embody the general level of skill in the field to which this invention pertains. All such documents and publications are incorporated herein by reference as if each were individually and expressly designated as incorporated herein by reference.

Claims

1. A composition for increasing octane number, comprising: Methylcyclopentadiene manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) accounts for 0.1%-19.9% ​​of the total weight; An antioxidant with low steric hindrance accounts for 0.1%-19.9% ​​of the total weight, and the ratio of the antioxidant with low steric hindrance to the MMT is at least 0.1-10:

1. and A fluid carrier, including an aliphatic fluid, is the remainder of the composition.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, The antioxidant with a small spatial location is butylated phenol containing 2-ethylhexanol, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), or any combination thereof.

3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, The sterically hindrance-free antioxidant is only butylated phenol containing 2-ethylhexanol groups, which has hydroxyl and 2-ethylhexanol groups.

4. The composition according to claim 3, wherein, The butylated phenol containing 2-ethylhexanol has the ethylhexanol group at the para position of the hydroxyl group.

5. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the 2-ethylhexanol-containing butylated phenol has the ethylhexanol group at the meta position of the hydroxyl group, or exists as a mixture of para and meta isomers of the hydroxyl group.

6. The composition according to claim 1 further comprises a fuel cleaner, said fuel cleaner being at least one of polyisobutyleneamine (PIBA), polyetheramine (PEA), Mannich reaction product, or any combination thereof.

7. The composition according to claim 1 further comprises at least one of a lubricant and a corrosion inhibitor, or any combination thereof.

8. A method for increasing octane number, comprising: Introduce the composition of claim 1 into the fuel supply; This allows sufficient time for the composition of claim 1 to be incorporated into the fuel supply to increase the octane rating and improve combustion efficiency; and The fuel supply is then combusted.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The fuel supply is at least one of leaded gasoline, unleaded gasoline, ethanol-containing gasoline, aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuel, fuel oil, jet fuel, diesel, biodiesel, turbine oil, kerosene, diesel, and high-speed diesel fuel, or any combination thereof.

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