Electrochemical reaction device and method for measuring torque of fastener thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrochemical reaction device and a torque measuring method of a fastener thereof. The electrochemical reaction device comprises an anode assembly, a membrane electrode assembly and a cathode assembly which are sequentially stacked, the anode assembly comprises an anode end plate, an anode collector plate, an anode gasket and an anode diffusion layer, the anode end plate abuts against the anode collector plate, and the anode gasket is arranged around the anode diffusion layer; the anode assembly comprises an anode end plate, an anode collector plate, a cathode gasket and a cathode diffusion layer, the anode diffusion layer is located between the anode collector plate and the membrane electrode assembly, the cathode assembly comprises a cathode end plate, a cathode collector plate, a cathode gasket and a cathode diffusion layer, the cathode end plate abuts against the cathode collector plate, the cathode gasket is arranged around the cathode diffusion layer, and the cathode diffusion layer is located between the cathode collector plate and the membrane electrode assembly. Therefore, modular assembly of the electrochemical reaction device can be realized, and the assembly efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of reaction device technology, and in particular to an electrochemical reaction device and a method for measuring the torque of its fasteners. Background Technology

[0002] Among related technologies, water electrolysis for hydrogen production enables the spatial and temporal transfer of energy and the production of clean fuels; electrocatalytic reduction of small molecules such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen can synthesize high-value-added chemicals such as ammonia and methanol, achieving carbon and nitrogen recycling. All of these technical routes are completed in electrochemical reactors. Furthermore, to improve reaction efficiency, product selectivity, and simplify downstream product separation, storage, and transportation processes, these electrochemical reactions are typically carried out under high-pressure conditions. However, current high-pressure resistant electrochemical reactors are complex to assemble, have low assembly efficiency, and are not conducive to adjusting the anode or cathode structure for different experimental conditions during the experimental phase. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a method for measuring the torque of an electrochemical reaction device and its fasteners, enabling modular assembly of the electrochemical reaction device, improving assembly efficiency, and at least partially solving the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this application, an anode assembly, a membrane electrode assembly, and a cathode assembly are stacked sequentially. The anode assembly includes an anode end plate, an anode current collector, an anode gasket, and an anode diffusion layer. The anode end plate abuts against the anode current collector. The anode gasket is disposed around the anode diffusion layer, and the anode diffusion layer is located between the anode current collector and the membrane electrode assembly. The cathode assembly includes a cathode end plate, a cathode current collector, a cathode gasket, and a cathode diffusion layer. The cathode end plate abuts against the cathode current collector. The cathode gasket is disposed around the cathode diffusion layer, and the cathode diffusion layer is located between the cathode current collector and the membrane electrode assembly.

[0005] Optionally, the anode diffusion layer is configured as at least two layers, which are stacked sequentially. Each anode diffusion layer is provided with a first diffusion hole. Along the direction from the anode assembly to the cathode assembly, at least two anode diffusion layers have a decreasing porosity trend. The number of anode pads is the same as the number of anode diffusion layers, and at least two anode pads are stacked sequentially.

[0006] Optionally, the anode manifold has a flow channel on the side facing the anode pad, and the flow channel includes at least one of a serpentine flow channel, a double serpentine flow channel, and a parallel serpentine flow channel.

[0007] Optionally, the anode collector plate has a through hole on the side facing the anode end plate that communicates with the flow channel. The anode end plate has a first opening that communicates with the through hole. The anode end plate has a first sealing groove on the side facing the anode collector plate. The first sealing groove is circumferentially disposed in the first opening. A first sealing element is disposed in the first sealing groove. The first sealing element abuts against the anode end plate to seal the connection interface between the anode end plate and the anode collector plate.

[0008] Optionally, the first opening interval is set to at least two, and the first opening is configured to be sealed by a first sealing element, for selecting the location and number of the first openings to be used based on reaction requirements.

[0009] Optionally, the anode current collector is provided with a first mounting hole on its periphery, the first mounting hole extending radially along the anode current collector, the first mounting hole being configured to mount a first heating element.

[0010] Optionally, the cathode diffusion layer is configured as at least two layers, which are stacked sequentially. Each cathode diffusion layer is provided with a second diffusion hole. Along the direction from the anode assembly to the cathode assembly, the at least two cathode diffusion layers have a porosity increasing trend. The number of cathode pads is the same as the number of cathode diffusion layers, and the at least two cathode pads are stacked sequentially.

[0011] Optionally, the cathode current collector is provided with a second opening, and the cathode current collector is provided with a second sealing groove on the side facing the cathode gasket. The second sealing groove is circumferentially disposed in the second opening, wherein a second sealing element is provided in the second sealing groove, and the second sealing element abuts against the cathode end plate to seal the connection interface between the cathode current collector and the cathode end plate.

[0012] Optionally, the male end plate and the female end plate are connected by fasteners, wherein the preload of the fasteners on the male end plate and the female end plate is F1, and the female end plate is provided with a third opening, which communicates with the second opening, wherein the third opening is used to discharge high-pressure gas, and the pressure of the high-pressure gas is F2, satisfying: F1 > F2.

[0013] Optionally, the installation torque of the fastener is T, which satisfies: T=1000*k*F1*D, where k is the torque coefficient and D is the major diameter of the thread of the fastener.

[0014] Optionally, the third opening interval is set to at least two, and the third opening is configured to be sealed by a third sealing element, for selecting the use location and number of the third openings based on reaction requirements.

[0015] Optionally, the cathode current collector is provided with a second mounting hole on its periphery, the second mounting hole extending radially along the cathode current collector, the second mounting hole being configured to mount a second heating element.

[0016] Optionally, the anode end plate has a first positioning hole on the side facing the anode current collector, the cathode end plate has a second positioning hole on the side facing the cathode current collector, the anode current collector has a first positioning notch, the anode gasket has a second positioning notch, the cathode gasket has a third positioning notch, and the cathode current collector has a fourth positioning notch. The first positioning hole and the second positioning hole are configured to accommodate the opposite ends of the positioning element, and the positioning element engages with the first positioning notch, the second positioning notch, the third positioning notch, and the fourth positioning notch.

[0017] Optionally, the membrane electrode assembly includes a catalytic layer having a noble metal on it, the noble metal loading being M, satisfying: 0.1 mgPt / cm²≤M≤0.5 mgPt / cm².

[0018] Optionally, the anode assembly, membrane electrode assembly, and cathode assembly are each configured with at least two types, and one of each is selected for use in the electrochemical reaction device.

[0019] According to a second aspect of this application, a method for measuring the torque of a fastener applied to an electrochemical reaction device as described above is provided, comprising: Pressure-sensitive paper is used instead of the membrane electrode assembly; The fasteners are installed on the anode assembly and the cathode assembly with a preset torque value; Observe the color change of each area of ​​the pressure-sensitive paper to obtain the stress situation in each area; Based on the stress conditions and in conjunction with the preset relationship, the actual torque value and quantity of the fasteners are determined.

[0020] Optionally, the preset relationship includes: T=1000*k*F1*D; n*F1=0.018*P*S, where T is the actual torque value of the fastener, k is the torque coefficient, D is the major diameter of the thread of the fastener, F1 is the preload of the fastener on the anode end plate and the cathode end plate, n is the number of fasteners, P is the high-pressure gas pressure, and S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the anode current collector or the cathode current collector.

[0021] In the electrochemical reaction device of this application embodiment, the electrochemical reaction device is formed by sequentially stacking an anode assembly, a membrane electrode assembly, and a cathode assembly. The anode assembly consists of an anode end plate, an anode current collector, an anode pad, and an anode diffusion layer. The anode end plate, anode current collector, and anode pad are stacked sequentially, and the anode diffusion layer is embedded in the hollow area of ​​the anode pad, so that the anode pad is surrounded by the anode diffusion layer, thereby achieving modular assembly of the anode assembly. The cathode assembly consists of a cathode end plate, a cathode current collector, a cathode pad, and a cathode diffusion layer. The cathode end plate, cathode current collector, and cathode pad are stacked sequentially, and the cathode diffusion layer is embedded in the hollow area of ​​the cathode pad, so that the cathode pad is surrounded by the cathode diffusion layer, thereby achieving modular assembly of the cathode assembly. By enabling modular assembly of both the anode and cathode assemblies, the electrochemical reaction device can be modularly assembled, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the electrochemical reaction device.

[0022] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrochemical reaction device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the electrochemical reaction apparatus provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anode current collector provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cathode current collector provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a voltage-time curve of the electrochemical reaction device provided in the exemplary embodiment of this application used for electrochemical hydrogen compression stability testing; Figure 6 This is a voltage-time curve of the electrochemical reaction device provided in the exemplary embodiment of this application during the stability test of nitrogen-hydrogen mixture separation in ammonia-to-hydrogen production.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Anode assembly; 11. Anode end plate; 12. Anode manifold; 13. Anode gasket; 14. Anode diffusion layer; 15. Flow channel; 16. First opening; 17. First sealing groove; 18. First mounting hole; 19. First positioning hole; 110. First positioning notch; 111. Second positioning notch; 2. Cathode assembly; 21. Cathode end plate; 22. Cathode current collector; 23. Cathode gasket; 24. Cathode diffusion layer; 25. Second opening; 26. Third opening; 27. Second mounting hole; 28. Third positioning notch; 29. ​​Fourth positioning notch; 210. Second sealing groove; 3. Membrane electrode assembly; 4. Fasteners; 5. Insulating components. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0027] The global energy system is currently undergoing a green and low-carbon transformation. To achieve the "dual carbon" goal, building a new power system dominated by renewable energy is the core path. Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power are characterized by significant intermittency and volatility, posing a significant challenge to the stable operation of the power grid and resulting in substantial curtailment of wind and solar power. Therefore, developing efficient and large-scale energy storage and conversion technologies has become a crucial link in solving the problem of renewable energy grid integration and consumption, and in improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0028] Among related technologies, water electrolysis for hydrogen production enables the spatial and temporal transfer of energy and the production of clean fuels; electrocatalytic reduction of small molecules such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen can synthesize high-value-added chemicals such as ammonia and methanol, achieving carbon and nitrogen recycling. All of these technical routes are completed in electrochemical reactors. Furthermore, to improve reaction efficiency, product selectivity, and simplify downstream product separation, storage, and transportation processes, these electrochemical reactions are typically carried out under high-pressure conditions.

[0029] High-pressure electrochemical reactors not only help researchers accurately investigate catalyst activity, reaction mechanisms, mass transfer processes, and device durability under near-realistic operating conditions, but also improve efficiency and economy under high-pressure operation. For example, in the process of producing hydrogen through water electrolysis, low-pressure electrochemical reactors produce hydrogen at pressures below 3 MPa, while high-pressure electrochemical reactors can produce hydrogen at pressures exceeding 35 MPa, significantly reducing energy consumption and equipment costs. Compared to the method of recompressing low-pressure hydrogen to form high-pressure hydrogen, this method offers significant energy-saving advantages.

[0030] However, due to the mass transfer resistance of the gas phase in the diffusion layer, current high-pressure electrochemical reactors have low operating efficiency under high pressure differential and high current density.

[0031] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, according to the first aspect of this application, with reference to Figures 1 to 6 This application provides an electrochemical reaction device. The electrochemical reaction device includes an anode assembly 1, a membrane electrode assembly 3, and a cathode assembly 2 stacked sequentially. The anode assembly 1 includes an anode end plate 11, an anode current collector 12, an anode gasket 13, and an anode diffusion layer 14. The anode end plate 11 abuts against the anode current collector 12. The anode gasket 13 is disposed around the anode diffusion layer 14, and the anode diffusion layer 14 is located between the anode current collector 12 and the membrane electrode assembly 3. The cathode assembly 2 includes a cathode end plate 21, a cathode current collector 22, a cathode gasket 23, and a cathode diffusion layer 24. The cathode end plate 21 abuts against the cathode current collector 22. The cathode gasket 23 is disposed around the cathode diffusion layer 24, and the cathode diffusion layer 24 is located between the cathode current collector 22 and the membrane electrode assembly 3.

[0032] In this embodiment, an electrochemical reaction device is formed by sequentially stacking an anode assembly 1, a membrane electrode assembly 3, and a cathode assembly 2. The anode assembly 1 is configured as an anode end plate 11, an anode current collector 12, an anode pad 13, and an anode diffusion layer 14. The anode end plate 11, the anode current collector 12, and the anode pad 13 are stacked sequentially, and the anode diffusion layer 14 is embedded in the hollow area of ​​the anode pad 13, so that the anode pad 13 is surrounded by the anode diffusion layer 14, thereby achieving modular assembly of the anode assembly 1. The cathode assembly 2 is configured as a cathode end plate 21, a cathode current collector 22, a cathode pad 23, and a cathode diffusion layer 24. The cathode end plate 21, the cathode current collector 22, and the cathode pad 23 are stacked sequentially, and the cathode diffusion layer 24 is embedded in the hollow area of ​​the cathode pad 23, so that the cathode pad 23 is surrounded by the cathode diffusion layer 24, thereby achieving modular assembly of the cathode assembly 2. By enabling modular assembly of both the anode assembly 1 and the cathode assembly 2, the electrochemical reaction device can be modularly assembled, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the electrochemical reaction device.

[0033] In some embodiments, at least two anode diffusion layers 14 are provided and stacked sequentially, each anode diffusion layer 14 having a first diffusion hole, wherein, along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2, at least two anode diffusion layers 14 have a decreasing porosity trend, wherein the number of anode pads 13 is the same as the number of anode diffusion layers 14, and at least two anode pads 13 are stacked sequentially.

[0034] In this embodiment, having at least two anode diffusion layers 14 with decreasing porosity can make the gas or liquid distribution more uniform and the stress more uniform, thereby optimizing the gas phase transport and proton conduction path on the anode side, reducing the mass transfer resistance on the anode side, and ensuring that the electrochemical reaction device can still operate efficiently under high pressure differential and high current density.

[0035] Understandably, the electrochemical reaction device can be used for various high-voltage electrochemical reaction tests such as water electrolysis, carbon dioxide reduction, and nitrogen reduction. The anode assembly 1 can be connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, the cathode assembly 2 can be connected to the negative terminal, and the membrane electrode assembly 3 can serve as a catalyst layer. The first diffusion hole can be used for gas or liquid diffusion, allowing gas or liquid entering the electrochemical reaction device through the first opening 16 to diffuse through the first diffusion hole. Furthermore, due to the decreasing porosity of at least two anode diffusion layers 14, the gas phase transport and proton conduction paths on the anode side are optimized, reducing the mass transfer resistance on the anode side and ensuring efficient operation of the electrochemical reaction device under high voltage differential and high current density.

[0036] In some embodiments, each anode diffusion layer 14 is provided with a plurality of first diffusion holes, and the porosity of at least two anode diffusion layers 14 decreases in a gradient along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2. For example, the porosity of at least two anode diffusion layers 14 decreases linearly along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2.

[0037] In some embodiments, along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2, the number of first diffusion holes on at least two anode diffusion layers 14 decreases, so that at least two anode diffusion layers 14 have a decreasing porosity trend.

[0038] In some embodiments, along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2, the pore size of the first diffusion holes on at least two anode diffusion layers 14 decreases, so that at least two anode diffusion layers 14 have a decreasing porosity trend.

[0039] In some embodiments, along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2, the number of first diffusion holes on at least two anode diffusion layers 14 decreases, and the pore size of the first diffusion holes decreases, so that at least two anode diffusion layers 14 have a decreasing porosity trend.

[0040] In some embodiments, for the first diffusion hole on the same anode diffusion layer 14, the diameter of the first diffusion hole remains unchanged along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2. Alternatively, the diameter of the first diffusion hole decreases along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2.

[0041] In some embodiments, the first diffusion hole is configured as a circular hole, a square hole, an elliptical hole, or a through-hole structure of any shape, to ensure that gas or liquid can pass through the first diffusion hole.

[0042] In some embodiments, the thickness of the anode end plate 11 may be greater than the thickness of the anode current collector 12, and the diameter of the anode end plate 11 may be greater than the diameter of the anode current collector 12. The thickness of the anode gasket 13 may be less than the thickness of the anode current collector 12, and the diameter of the anode gasket 13 may be adapted to the diameter of the anode current collector 12.

[0043] The anode gasket 13 and the anode diffusion layer 14 can form an anode sealing structure. The number of anode gaskets 13 is the same as the number of anode diffusion layers 14. The anode diffusion layer 14 is embedded in the central hollow area of ​​the anode gasket 13, thereby forming a multi-layer anode sealing structure to ensure sealing reliability.

[0044] The anode end plate 11 can be used to provide uniform mechanical clamping force to ensure good contact of the remaining components, and the anode current collector 12 is used for uniform distribution and transmission of the reaction gas, as well as efficient collection and discharge of current.

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the anode manifold 12 is provided with a flow channel 15 on the side facing the anode pad 13. The flow channel 15 includes at least one of a serpentine flow channel, a double serpentine flow channel, and a parallel serpentine flow channel.

[0046] It is understandable that by setting the flow channel 15 for gas or liquid to flow within the flow channel 15, setting the flow channel 15 as a serpentine flow channel, a double serpentine flow channel, or a parallel serpentine flow channel can reduce the processing difficulty of the flow channel 15 and facilitate the manufacturing of the anode manifold 12.

[0047] In some embodiments, the flow channel 15 is a serpentine flow channel, a double serpentine flow channel, or a parallel serpentine flow channel.

[0048] In some embodiments, the anode collector plate 12 has a through hole on the side facing the anode end plate 11 that communicates with the flow channel 15. The anode end plate 11 is provided with a first opening 16 that communicates with the through hole. The anode end plate 11 is provided with a first sealing groove 17 on the side facing the anode collector plate 12. The first sealing groove 17 is circumferentially disposed around the first opening 16. A first sealing element is provided in the first sealing groove 17. The first sealing element abuts against the anode end plate 11 to seal the connection interface between the anode end plate 11 and the anode collector plate 12.

[0049] Understandably, the first opening 16 serves as the inlet and outlet for gas or liquid. Gas or liquid enters the anode end plate 11 through the first opening 16 and flows into the flow channel 15 through the through hole, thus flowing along the flow channel 15 and entering the anode diffusion layer 14. By providing a first sealing groove 17 on the anode end plate 11, making the first sealing groove 17 circumferentially disposed around the first opening 16, and after the first sealing element is installed in the first sealing groove 17, the connection interface between the anode end plate 11 and the anode current collector 12 can be sealed to prevent gas or liquid leakage at the location of the first opening 16.

[0050] In some embodiments, the first sealing groove 17 is an O-ring, and the first sealing element is an O-ring.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the first openings 16 are spaced at least two apart, and the first openings 16 are configured to be sealed by a first sealing element, for selecting the location and number of the first openings 16 to be used based on reaction requirements.

[0052] It is understandable that by setting at least two first openings 16, and by sealing the first openings 16 through the first sealing element, the location and number of first openings 16 can be selected based on different electrochemical reaction conditions, thereby improving the applicability of the electrochemical reaction device, achieving multiple uses in one device, avoiding the need to repeatedly purchase electrochemical reaction devices for different research purposes, reducing R&D investment, broadening application scenarios, and improving the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction device.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, a first mounting hole 18 is provided on the periphery of the anode current collector 12. The first mounting hole 18 extends radially along the anode current collector 12 and is configured to mount a first heating element.

[0054] It is understandable that after the first heating element is installed in the first mounting hole 18, the anode current collector 12 is heated by the first heating element, thereby realizing an electrochemical reaction at a high temperature. For example, the anode current collector 12 can be heated to 150°C by the first heating element, thereby realizing an electrochemical reaction at a high temperature of 150°C.

[0055] In some embodiments, the first heating element is a heating rod.

[0056] In some embodiments, at least two first mounting holes 18 are provided and are equidistantly spaced along the circumferential direction on the periphery of the anode current collector 12.

[0057] In some embodiments, at least two cathode diffusion layers 24 are provided and stacked sequentially. Each cathode diffusion layer 24 is provided with a second diffusion hole. Along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2, at least two cathode diffusion layers 24 have a porosity increasing trend. The number of cathode pads 23 is the same as the number of cathode diffusion layers 24, and at least two cathode pads 23 are stacked sequentially.

[0058] Understandably, having at least two cathode diffusion layers 24 with increasing porosity can make the gas or liquid distribution more uniform and the stress more uniform, thereby optimizing the gas phase transport and proton conduction paths on the cathode side, reducing the mass transfer resistance on the cathode side, and ensuring that the electrochemical reactor can still operate efficiently under high pressure differential and high current density.

[0059] In some embodiments, each cathode diffusion layer 24 is provided with a plurality of second diffusion holes, and the porosity of at least two cathode diffusion layers 24 increases in a gradient along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2. For example, the porosity of at least two cathode diffusion layers 24 increases linearly along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2.

[0060] In some embodiments, along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2, the number of second diffusion holes on at least two cathode diffusion layers 24 increases, so that at least two cathode diffusion layers 24 have a trend of increasing porosity.

[0061] In some embodiments, along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2, the pore size of the second diffusion holes on at least two cathode diffusion layers 24 increases, so that the at least two cathode diffusion layers 24 have a trend of increasing porosity.

[0062] In some embodiments, along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2, the number of second diffusion holes on at least two cathode diffusion layers 24 increases, and the pore size of the second diffusion holes increases, so that at least two cathode diffusion layers 24 have a trend of increasing porosity.

[0063] In some embodiments, for the second diffusion hole on the same cathode diffusion layer 24, the diameter of the second diffusion hole remains unchanged along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2. Alternatively, the diameter of the second diffusion hole increases along the direction from the anode assembly 1 to the cathode assembly 2.

[0064] In some embodiments, the second diffusion hole is configured as a circular hole, a square hole, an elliptical hole, or a through-hole structure of any shape, to ensure that gas or liquid can pass through the second diffusion hole.

[0065] In some embodiments, the thickness of the cathode end plate 21 may be greater than the thickness of the cathode current collector 22, and the diameter of the cathode end plate 21 may be greater than the diameter of the cathode current collector 22. The thickness of the cathode gasket 23 may be less than the thickness of the cathode current collector 22, and the diameter of the cathode gasket 23 may be adapted to the diameter of the cathode current collector 22.

[0066] The cathode gasket 23 and the cathode diffusion layer 24 can form a cathode sealing structure. The number of cathode gaskets 23 is the same as the number of cathode diffusion layers 24. The cathode diffusion layer 24 is embedded in the hollow area in the middle of the cathode gasket 23, thereby forming a multi-layer cathode sealing structure to ensure sealing reliability.

[0067] In some embodiments, an insulating element 5 is also provided between the cathode end plate 21 and the cathode current collector.

[0068] In some embodiments, the anode end plate 11, anode current collector 12, cathode end plate 21, and cathode current collector 22 are all made of titanium alloy or stainless steel. This enables the electrochemical reaction device to adapt to high pressure differential testing and wide temperature range testing, stably supporting pressure differentials up to 60 MPa, allowing electrochemical reaction testing at pressure differentials from 0.1 MPa to 50 MPa, and at a wide temperature range from -40°C to 150°C. Under various reaction environments such as high temperature, low temperature, and high pressure, none of the plates deform, ensuring reliable operation of the electrochemical reaction device within a range from ultra-low to high temperatures. For example, the electrochemical reaction device can provide a reliable testing platform for research such as electrochemical synthesis and hydrogen compression under high pressure and variable temperature conditions, overcoming the limitations of existing electrochemical reaction devices in terms of pressure resistance and temperature adaptability.

[0069] It should be noted that the temperature of the electrochemical reaction can be raised to 150℃ using the first and second heating elements to achieve electrochemical reactions under high-temperature conditions. Alternatively, the electrochemical reaction apparatus can be placed inside a temperature-controlled chamber, and the ambient temperature can be adjusted to -40℃ to achieve electrochemical reactions under low-temperature conditions.

[0070] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the cathode current collector 22 is provided with a second opening 25, and the cathode current collector 22 is provided with a second sealing groove 210 on the side facing the cathode gasket 23. The second sealing groove 210 is circumferentially disposed in the second opening 25. The second sealing groove 210 is provided with a second sealing element, which abuts against the cathode end plate 21 to seal the connection interface between the cathode current collector 22 and the cathode end plate 21.

[0071] Understandably, by circumferentially positioning the second sealing groove 210 around the second opening 25, and with the second seal installed in the second sealing groove 210, the connection interface between the cathode current collector 22 and the cathode end plate 21 can be sealed, thus preventing gas or liquid leakage at the location of the second opening 25. By concentrating the sealing pressure on the second seal, the sealing reliability and mechanical strength of the cathode side under ultra-high pressure environments are significantly improved. Specifically, the second sealing groove 210 is an O-ring, and the second seal is an O-ring.

[0072] In this embodiment, only the second opening 25 is provided on the cathode current collector 22 to allow gas to flow. The cathode current collector 22 does not have a flow channel 15. Only the second opening 25 is retained, and the complex flow channel 15 is no longer processed, which greatly reduces the processing difficulty of the cathode current collector 22.

[0073] In some embodiments, the male end plate 11 and the female end plate 21 are connected by a fastener 4, wherein the preload force of the fastener 4 on the male end plate 11 and the female end plate 21 is F1, and the female end plate 21 is provided with a third opening 26, which communicates with the second opening 25. The third opening 26 is used to discharge high-pressure gas, and the pressure of the high-pressure gas is F2, satisfying: F1 > F2.

[0074] It is understandable that the preload of fastener 4 on the anode plate 11 and cathode plate 21 is greater than the pressure of the high-pressure gas on the cathode side to ensure that the high-pressure gas does not leak. It is known that when the preload of fastener 4 on the anode plate 11 and cathode plate 21 is less than or equal to the pressure of the high-pressure gas on the cathode side, the high-pressure gas will leak.

[0075] The third opening 26 is used to discharge high-pressure gas. For example, when the electrochemical reaction device is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, the third opening 26 can be used to discharge high-purity, high-pressure hydrogen gas.

[0076] In some embodiments, the installation torque of the fastener 4 is T, which satisfies: T=1000*k*F1*D, where k is the torque coefficient and D is the major diameter of the thread of the fastener 4.

[0077] Understandably, the preload force F1 of fastener 4 on the anode plate 11 and cathode plate 21 can be selected based on the pressure of the high-pressure gas. Then, the installation torque of fastener 4 can be calculated based on the torque coefficient and the major diameter of the thread of fastener 4 to ensure that the high-pressure gas does not leak after fastener 4 is installed on the anode plate 11 and cathode plate 21, and to avoid damage to the membrane electrode assembly 3 due to excessive torque.

[0078] Since the torque of fastener 4 directly affects the performance of the electrochemical reaction device, excessive torque will damage the membrane electrode assembly 3, causing high-pressure gas to leak at the location of the membrane electrode assembly 3. Insufficient torque will result in excessive contact resistance, leading to a deterioration in the performance of the electrochemical reaction device. Furthermore, insufficient torque will also result in insufficient pre-tightening force of fastener 4 on the anode end plate 11 and cathode end plate 21, causing high-pressure gas leakage. In this embodiment, the installation torque is calculated to ensure that it is at an appropriate level, so that all components fit tightly together.

[0079] The unit of torque T is N*m (Newton-meter), the unit of preload F1 is N, and the unit of the major diameter of the thread of fastener 4 is mm (millimeters).

[0080] Fastener 4 has an external thread, which has a thread body and a thread groove located between the thread body. The major diameter of the thread of fastener 4 refers to the outer diameter of the thread body.

[0081] In some embodiments, the third opening 26 is spaced at least two times, and the third opening 26 is configured to be sealed by a third sealing element, for selecting the location and number of the third opening 26 to be used based on reaction requirements.

[0082] It is understandable that by setting the interval of the third opening 26 to at least two, and by sealing the third opening 26 through the second sealing element, the location and number of the third opening 26 can be selected based on different electrochemical reaction conditions, thereby improving the applicability of the electrochemical reaction device, realizing multiple uses of one device, avoiding the need to repeatedly purchase electrochemical reaction devices for different research purposes, reducing R&D investment, broadening application scenarios, and improving the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction device.

[0083] In some embodiments, a second mounting hole 27 is provided on the periphery of the cathode current collector 22. The second mounting hole 27 extends radially along the cathode current collector 22 and is configured to mount a second heating element.

[0084] It is understandable that after the second heating element is installed in the second mounting hole 27, the cathode current collector 22 is heated by the second heating element, thereby realizing an electrochemical reaction at a high temperature. For example, the cathode current collector 22 can be heated to 150°C by the second heating element, thereby realizing an electrochemical reaction at a high temperature of 150°C.

[0085] In some embodiments, the second heating element is a heating rod.

[0086] In some embodiments, at least two second mounting holes 27 are provided and are equidistantly spaced along the circumferential direction on the periphery of the cathode current collector 22.

[0087] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the anode end plate 11 is provided with a first positioning hole 19 on the side facing the anode current collector 12, the cathode end plate 21 is provided with a second positioning hole on the side facing the cathode current collector 22, the anode current collector 12 is provided with a first positioning notch 110, the anode gasket 13 is provided with a second positioning notch 111, the cathode gasket 23 is provided with a third positioning notch 28, and the cathode current collector 22 is provided with a fourth positioning notch 29. The first positioning hole 19 and the second positioning hole are configured to accommodate the opposite ends of the positioning element, and the positioning element is engaged with the first positioning notch 110, the second positioning notch 111, the third positioning notch 28 and the fourth positioning notch 29.

[0088] Understandably, by using positioning components in conjunction with the first positioning hole 19, the first positioning notch 110, the second positioning notch 111, the third positioning notch 28, the fourth positioning notch 29, and the second positioning hole, along with fasteners 4, modular assembly of the electrochemical reaction device can be achieved. This enables rapid assembly, disassembly, and maintenance in a "building block" style, greatly simplifying the assembly process. Furthermore, it allows for the rapid replacement of the anode end plate 11, anode current collector 12, anode diffusion layer 14, anode gasket 13, membrane electrode assembly 3, cathode gasket 23, cathode diffusion layer 24, cathode current collector 22, and cathode end plate 21, thus flexibly changing the electrochemical device according to experimental conditions, significantly improving research efficiency and equipment usability. Moreover, the positioning mechanism avoids alignment difficulties during assembly, greatly improving assembly efficiency.

[0089] In some embodiments, at least two first positioning holes 19 are provided at intervals on the side of the anode end plate 11 facing the anode current collector 12, and the at least two first positioning holes 19 are provided circumferentially. For example, four positioning holes are provided on the side of the anode end plate 11 facing the anode current collector 12, and the four positioning holes are provided at 90° intervals circumferentially. The number and position of the first positioning notch 110 on the anode current collector 12, the second positioning notch 111 on the anode gasket 13, the third positioning notch 28 on the cathode gasket 23, the fourth positioning notch 29 on the cathode current collector 22, and the second positioning holes on the cathode end plate 21 correspond one-to-one with the number and position of the first positioning holes 19 on the anode end plate 11.

[0090] The positioning component is a positioning rod. The four positioning rods are used in conjunction with various holes and notches to achieve the pre-assembly of the electrochemical reaction device. The bolts and other fasteners are used to achieve the tight compression of the electrochemical reaction device.

[0091] In some embodiments, the first positioning hole 19 and the second positioning hole are both set as circular blind holes, and the first positioning notch 110, the second positioning notch 111, the third positioning notch 28 and the fourth positioning notch 29 are all semi-circular notches.

[0092] In some embodiments, a first positioning notch 110 is disposed on the outer periphery of the anode current collector 12; a second positioning notch 111 is disposed on the outer periphery of the anode pad 13; a third positioning notch 28 is disposed on the outer periphery of the cathode pad 23; and a fourth positioning notch 29 is disposed on the outer periphery of the cathode current collector 22.

[0093] In some embodiments, the membrane electrode assembly 3 includes a catalyst layer having a noble metal loaded on it, the noble metal being M, which satisfies: 0.1 mgPt / cm²≤M≤0.5 mgPt / cm² (milligrams of platinum per square centimeter).

[0094] It is understandable that the loading of precious metals is set in the range of 0.1 mgPt / cm² to 0.5 mgPt / cm² to ensure the conductivity of membrane electrode assembly 3 and to avoid the membrane electrode assembly 3 affecting mass transfer.

[0095] If the noble metal loading of membrane electrode assembly 3 is less than 0.1 mgPt / cm², the conductivity of membrane electrode assembly 3 will be insufficient to meet the requirements of electrochemical reactions, and the amount of active material in membrane electrode assembly 3 will be low, affecting mass transfer. If the noble metal loading of membrane electrode assembly 3 is greater than 0.5 mgPt / cm², the conductivity of membrane electrode assembly 3 will be high, affecting mass transfer.

[0096] In some embodiments, the noble metal loading on the membrane electrode assembly 3 is set to 0.1 mgPt / cm², 0.2 mgPt / cm², 0.3 mgPt / cm², 0.4 mgPt / cm², 0.5 mgPt / cm², or any value between the two.

[0097] In some embodiments, the active area of ​​the membrane electrode assembly 3 can be set to 4 cm². The membrane electrode assembly 3 can be based on a Nafion 212 proton exchange membrane, using 60 wt% platinum-carbon catalyst, D2020 (20 wt%) ionomer, and 60 wt% PTFE emulsion as the hydrophobic agent for the anode catalyst layer. The catalyst layer is formed by a blade coating hot-press transfer process, and the noble metal loading on both the anode and cathode sides is controlled at 0.3 mgPt / cm².

[0098] In some embodiments, the anode assembly 1, the membrane electrode assembly 3, and the cathode assembly 2 are each configured as at least two types, and each is selected for use in the electrochemical reaction device.

[0099] It is understandable that by setting at least two types of anode assembly 1, membrane electrode assembly 3, and cathode assembly 2, and selecting one of each for application in the electrochemical reaction device, different anode assembly 1, membrane electrode assembly 3, and cathode assembly 2 can be selected according to different electrochemical reaction requirements. This improves the versatility of the electrochemical reaction device, making it flexible for various high-voltage electrochemical reactions such as water electrolysis for hydrogen production, electrochemical hydrogen compression, carbon dioxide reduction, and nitrogen reduction, thus meeting the broad needs of cutting-edge scientific research.

[0100] like Figure 5 As shown, under room temperature conditions, low-pressure hydrogen with 100% RH humidity was used as the anode inlet gas for electrochemical hydrogen compression stability testing. The system operated continuously for 100 hours at a cathode pressure of 20 MPa (hydrogen inlet pressure 0.1 MPa, hydrogen outlet pressure 20 MPa, current density 1 A / cm²). 2 (amperes per square centimeter)), demonstrating excellent stability, verifying the sealing performance and structural design reliability of the electrochemical reaction device.

[0101] like Figure 6 As shown, a 100-hour stability test was conducted on a nitrogen-hydrogen mixture containing 75 vol% hydrogen at room temperature for ammonia-to-hydrogen separation (the ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen in the mixture was 3:1, the pressure at the inlet of the mixture was 0.1 MPa, the outlet was pure hydrogen, the pressure at the hydrogen outlet was 1 MPa, and the current density was 1 A / cm²). 2 This confirms the separation and purification capabilities of the electrochemical reaction device.

[0102] During the 60 MPa cathode pressure test, the electrochemical reaction device remained structurally intact with no leakage, fully meeting the requirements for extreme operating conditions.

[0103] The above experimental results fully demonstrate the excellent performance of this electrochemical reaction device in high-pressure operation and gas separation, and provide a reliable testing platform for the research and development of electrochemical hydrogen pump materials.

[0104] According to a second aspect of this application, a method for measuring the torque of a fastener 4 applied to an electrochemical reaction apparatus as described in the foregoing embodiments is provided. The method includes: Pressure-sensitive paper is used to replace the membrane electrode assembly 3.

[0105] Fastener 4 is installed on anode assembly 1 and cathode assembly 2 with a preset torque value.

[0106] Observe the color change of different areas of the pressure-sensitive paper to obtain the stress situation in each area.

[0107] Based on the stress conditions and in conjunction with the preset relationship, the actual torque value and quantity of fastener 4 are determined.

[0108] Understandably, by replacing the membrane electrode assembly 3 with pressure-sensitive paper, fasteners 4 are installed on the anode assembly 1 and cathode assembly 2 with a preset torque value. By observing the color change of the pressure-sensitive paper, the stress situation in each area can be obtained, thus qualitatively and quantitatively simulating the stress distribution and magnitude of the membrane electrode assembly 3. After obtaining this stress situation, the optimal number and optimal actual torque value of fasteners 4 can be determined by adjusting the thickness of the anode end plate 11 and / or the cathode end plate 21, as well as adjusting the thickness and ratio of the anode end plate 11 and / or the cathode end plate 21, the anode current collector 12 and / or the cathode current collector 22, and the membrane electrode assembly 3, and according to the preset relationship.

[0109] In some embodiments, the preset relationship includes: T=1000*k*F1*D; n*F1=0.018*P*S, where T is the actual torque value of the fastener 4, k is the torque coefficient, D is the major diameter of the thread of the fastener 4, F1 is the preload of the fastener 4 on the anode end plate 11 and the cathode end plate 21, n is the number of fasteners 4, P is the high-pressure gas pressure, and S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the anode current collector 12 or the cathode current collector 22.

[0110] Understandably, by observing the color change in different areas of the pressure-sensitive paper, a reasonable value for F1 can be obtained. Based on the values ​​of F1, k, and D, and combined with T=1000*k*F1*D, the actual torque value of fastener 4 can be calculated. Based on the values ​​of F1, P, and S, and combined with n*F1=0.018*P*S, the number of fasteners 4 can be calculated. Therefore, the number and torque value of fasteners 4 can be scientifically determined, thereby applying sufficient preload to prevent gas leakage and avoid damage to the membrane electrode assembly 3 due to excessive or uneven pressure.

[0111] In some embodiments, a plurality of fasteners 4 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference.

[0112] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0113] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0114] The embodiments, implementation methods, and related technical features of this application can be combined and substituted for each other without conflict.

[0115] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. An electrochemical reaction device, characterized in that, The assembly includes an anode assembly (1), a membrane electrode assembly (3), and a cathode assembly (2) stacked in sequence. The anode assembly (1) includes an anode end plate (11), an anode current collector (12), an anode gasket (13), and an anode diffusion layer (14). The anode end plate (11) abuts against the anode current collector (12). The anode gasket (13) is disposed around the anode diffusion layer (14), and the anode diffusion layer (14) is located between the anode current collector (12) and the membrane electrode assembly (3). The cathode assembly (2) includes a cathode end plate (21), a cathode current collector (22), a cathode gasket (23), and a cathode diffusion layer (24). The cathode end plate (21) abuts against the cathode current collector (22). The cathode gasket (23) is disposed around the cathode diffusion layer (24), and the cathode diffusion layer (24) is located between the cathode current collector (22) and the membrane electrode assembly (3).

2. The electrochemical reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anode diffusion layer (14) is configured as at least two and stacked sequentially. Each anode diffusion layer (14) is provided with a first diffusion hole. Along the direction from the anode assembly (1) to the cathode assembly (2), at least two anode diffusion layers (14) have a decreasing porosity trend. The number of anode pads (13) is the same as the number of anode diffusion layers (14), and at least two anode pads (13) are stacked sequentially.

3. The electrochemical reaction apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The anode manifold (12) has a flow channel (15) on the side facing the anode pad (13), and the flow channel (15) includes at least one of a serpentine flow channel, a double serpentine flow channel, and a parallel serpentine flow channel.

4. The electrochemical reaction apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The anode collector plate (12) has a through hole on the side facing the anode end plate (11) that communicates with the flow channel (15). The anode end plate (11) is provided with a first opening (16) that communicates with the through hole. The anode end plate (11) is provided with a first sealing groove (17) on the side facing the anode collector plate (12). The first sealing groove (17) is circumferentially disposed around the first opening (16). A first sealing element is provided in the first sealing groove (17). The first sealing element abuts against the anode end plate (11) to seal the connection interface between the anode end plate (11) and the anode collector plate (12).

5. The electrochemical reaction apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first opening (16) is spaced at least two apart, and the first opening (16) is configured to be sealed by a first plug, for selecting the location and number of the first opening (16) to be used based on reaction requirements.

6. The electrochemical reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anode current collector (12) has a first mounting hole (18) on its periphery. The first mounting hole (18) extends radially along the anode current collector (12) and is configured to mount a first heating element.

7. The electrochemical reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The cathode diffusion layer (24) is configured as at least two and stacked sequentially. Each cathode diffusion layer (24) is provided with a second diffusion hole. Along the direction from the anode assembly (1) to the cathode assembly (2), at least two cathode diffusion layers (24) have a porosity increasing trend. The number of cathode pads (23) is the same as the number of cathode diffusion layers (24), and at least two cathode pads (23) are stacked sequentially.

8. The electrochemical reaction apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cathode current collector (22) is provided with a second opening (25), and the cathode current collector (22) is provided with a second sealing groove (210) on the side facing the cathode gasket (23). The second sealing groove (210) is arranged around the second opening (25). The second sealing groove (210) is provided with a second sealing element, which abuts against the cathode end plate (21) to seal the connection interface between the cathode current collector (22) and the cathode end plate (21).

9. The electrochemical reaction apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The anode plate (11) and the cathode plate (21) are connected by a fastener (4), wherein the preload of the fastener (4) on the anode plate (11) and the cathode plate (21) is F1, and the cathode plate (21) is provided with a third opening (26), which is connected to the second opening (25). The third opening (26) is used to discharge high-pressure gas, and the pressure of the high-pressure gas is F2, satisfying: F1 > F2.

10. The electrochemical reaction apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The installation torque of the fastener (4) is T, which satisfies: T=1000*k*F1*D, where k is the torque coefficient and D is the major diameter of the thread of the fastener (4).

11. The electrochemical reaction apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The third opening (26) is spaced at least two apart, and the third opening (26) is configured to be sealed by a third sealing element for selecting the location and number of the third opening (26) based on reaction requirements.

12. The electrochemical reaction apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cathode current collector (22) has a second mounting hole (27) on its periphery. The second mounting hole (27) extends radially along the cathode current collector (22) and is configured to mount a second heating element.

13. The electrochemical reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The anode end plate (11) is provided with a first positioning hole (19) on the side facing the anode current collector (12), the cathode end plate (21) is provided with a second positioning hole on the side facing the cathode current collector (22), the anode current collector (12) is provided with a first positioning notch (110), the anode gasket (13) is provided with a second positioning notch (111), the cathode gasket (23) is provided with a third positioning notch (28), and the cathode current collector (22) is provided with a fourth positioning notch (29). The first positioning hole (19) and the second positioning hole are configured to accommodate the opposite ends of the positioning element, and the positioning element is engaged with the first positioning notch (110), the second positioning notch (111), the third positioning notch (28), and the fourth positioning notch (29).

14. The electrochemical reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The membrane electrode assembly (3) includes a catalytic layer, on which a noble metal is disposed, and the loading of the noble metal is M, satisfying: 0.1 mgPt / cm²≤M≤0.5 mgPt / cm².

15. The electrochemical reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, The anode assembly (1), membrane electrode assembly (3) and cathode assembly (2) are each configured with at least two types, and each is selected for use in the electrochemical reaction device.

16. A method for measuring the torque of a fastener (4) used in an electrochemical reaction apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, include: Pressure-sensitive paper is used instead of the membrane electrode assembly (3); The fastener (4) is installed on the anode assembly (1) and the cathode assembly (2) with a preset torque value. Observe the color change of each area of ​​the pressure-sensitive paper to obtain the stress situation in each area; Based on the stress conditions and in conjunction with the preset relationship, the actual torque value and quantity of the fastener (4) are determined.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The preset relationship includes: T=1000*k*F1*D; n*F1=0.018*P*S, where T is the actual torque value of the fastener (4), k is the torque coefficient, D is the major diameter of the thread of the fastener (4), F1 is the preload of the fastener (4) on the anode end plate (11) and the cathode end plate (21), n ​​is the number of fasteners (4), P is the high pressure gas pressure, and S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the anode current collector (12) or the cathode current collector (22).

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