Deflagration and detonation resistant pipeline flame arrester special for hydrogen

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen pipeline fire retardance, and particularly discloses a deflagration and detonation resisting type pipeline flame arrester special for hydrogen, which comprises a shell assembly, a flame arrester assembly and a deflagration and detonation resisting assembly, a cavity is formed in the shell assembly and communicates with the interior of the hydrogen pipeline. The fire retardant elements are sequentially arranged in the cavity in the preset flowing direction of hydrogen in the cavity; each fire-retardant element comprises a flame blocking structure and a flame dispersing structure which are arranged in a mutual overlapping manner; the frame body is arranged in the cavity and is connected with the shell assembly; all the fire retardant elements are clamped between the two frame bodies; the frame body comprises a plurality of supporting ribs, and the supporting ribs correspond to the fire retardant elements in the preset flowing direction. A plurality of hole bodies communicated with the cavity are defined by supporting ribs in the frame body; the multi-stage fire-retardant component has the advantages that the multi-stage fire-retardant component and the support frame are cooperatively arranged, so that the impact load is dispersed and transmitted, and the ventilation capacity and the structural stability are considered while the fire-retardant effect is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen pipeline flame arrestor technology, and more specifically, to a hydrogen-specific explosion-proof and detonation-type pipeline flame arrestor. Background Technology

[0002] Existing pipeline flame arresters typically employ an inlet and outlet shell assembly connected to a flange to form a channel structure, with flame-arresting elements installed within the channel to achieve flame quenching and backfire prevention. However, the aforementioned existing technologies still have significant shortcomings under conditions where hydrogen deflagration and detonation coexist: In the case of detonation, the flame propagation speed can reach supersonic speed and the pressure shock wave intensity is high. When the flame arrestor needs to withstand transient high pressure while ensuring the air flow, the existing spoke-shaped or simple linear support frame has a small contact area with the flame arrestor. Under the action of strong pressure wave, the flame arrestor is prone to deformation, local stress concentration or even breakdown, thus causing flame arrestor failure. The fire-retardant capability of a single corrugated plate flame arrestor is closely related to its gap size and thickness. To meet the requirements of detonation fire arrest, it is often necessary to increase the total thickness of the flame arrestor or adopt a structure with extremely small wave height. However, the extremely small wave height is limited by the processing level. Simply increasing the number of flame arrestor layers or the total thickness will lead to problems such as increased structural volume, increased flow resistance, and decreased ventilation, making it difficult to balance fire resistance and ventilation.

[0003] To address these issues, a hydrogen-specific explosion-proof, detonation-type pipeline flame arrester is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a hydrogen-specific deflagration and detonation-resistant pipeline flame arrestor to solve or improve the above-mentioned technical problems in hydrogen pipeline flame arrestors, which cannot effectively cope with deflagration and detonation conditions at the same time. Due to the existing support frame structure and single flame arrestor element design, the flame arrestor element is prone to deformation and failure under high pressure wave action, and it is difficult to balance flame arrestability and air flow.

[0005] In view of this, the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen-specific explosion-proof and detonation-type pipeline flame arrester.

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a hydrogen-specific explosion-proof and detonation-type pipeline flame arrester, comprising: a housing assembly for connecting a hydrogen pipeline; a cavity formed inside the housing assembly and the cavity communicating with the interior of the hydrogen pipeline; a plurality of flame-arresting elements arranged sequentially in the cavity along a predetermined flow direction of hydrogen within the cavity; each flame-arresting element including a flame-blocking structure and a flame-dispersing structure superimposed on each other; a frame disposed in the cavity and connected to the housing assembly; all the flame-arresting elements clamped between two frames; the frame including a plurality of supporting ribs corresponding to the flame-arresting elements along the predetermined flow direction; a plurality of holes communicating with the cavity formed by the supporting ribs in the frame; wherein the number and distribution of the holes are determined according to the total thickness of all flame-arresting elements along the predetermined flow direction.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows: By installing a frame inside the cavity and clamping all flame-arresting elements between two frames, and setting multiple support ribs on the frame with the support ribs corresponding to the flame-arresting elements along a preset flow direction, and forming multiple holes connecting the cavities by the support ribs, a continuous support and constraint boundary for the flame-arresting elements is established from the structural path. This allows the flame-arresting elements to distribute the load more evenly when subjected to impact, and transmit it to the shell assembly through the support ribs and frame, making it less likely for highly concentrated local stress points to form on the flame-arresting elements themselves. This reduces the risk of deformation and puncture of the flame-arresting elements, and improves the structural stability and clamping stability of the flame-arresting elements under transient high-pressure impact. In turn, the flame-arresting reliability of the flame arrester is improved under conditions of simultaneous deflagration and detonation.

[0008] By sequentially arranging multiple flame-arresting elements along a predetermined flow direction within the cavity, and superimposing flame-blocking and flame-dispersing structures within each flame-arresting element, a multi-level action path is created for flame propagation along the flow direction. Furthermore, a continuous coordination of dispersion and blocking is achieved within each single-stage flame-arresting element. This transforms the flame-arresting process from a single-structure, single-stage interception to a multi-stage, superimposed, continuous suppression. The flame-arresting effect no longer relies solely on increasing the thickness of a single flame-arresting plate, but rather on the sequential arrangement of multiple flame-arresting elements and the superimposed coordination of the two types of structures within each element to effectively control flame propagation. The gradual weakening of the flame arrestor provides a structural basis for reducing the extreme size requirements of a single flame arrestor structure while meeting the flame arrestor requirements. This proprietary technology further limits the number and distribution of the orifices based on the total thickness of all flame arrestor elements along the preset flow direction. This ensures that the orifices formed by the support ribs provide support constraints to maintain the connectivity and conduction conditions of the cavity, and coordinates the configuration of the conduction path with the overall thickness of the flame arrestor elements. This enhances the ability to guarantee ventilation at the structural level, alleviates the problem of reduced ventilation caused by the layout of the flame arrestor structure, and thus helps to achieve a more controllable balance between flame arrestor performance and ventilation.

[0009] Additional aspects and advantages of embodiments of the invention will become apparent in the following description or may be learned by practice of embodiments of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0010] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flame blocking structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the flame dispersion structure of the present invention.

[0011] in, Figures 1-4 The correspondence between the reference numerals and component names in the attached drawings is as follows: 1. Housing assembly, 101. Cavity, 102. Port connection shell, 1021. Through port, 2. Flame arrestor element, 3. Frame, 301. Support rib, 302. Hole, 4. Center bolt fastener, 5. Sleeve, 6. Side bolt fastener. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0013] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0014] Please see Figures 1-4 The following describes a hydrogen-specific explosion-proof and detonation-type pipeline flame arrester according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0015] An embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention provides a hydrogen-specific explosion-proof, detonation-type pipeline flame arrester. In some embodiments of the present invention, such as... Figures 1-4 As shown, this hydrogen-specific explosion-proof, detonation-type pipeline flame arrester includes: The housing assembly 1 is used to connect to the hydrogen pipeline; a cavity 101 is formed inside the housing assembly 1, and the cavity 101 communicates with the interior of the hydrogen pipeline.

[0016] Multiple flame arresting elements 2 are arranged sequentially in the cavity 101 along the preset flow direction of hydrogen gas; each flame arresting element 2 includes a flame blocking structure and a flame dispersing structure that are stacked on top of each other.

[0017] The frame 3 is disposed in the cavity 101 and connected to the shell assembly 1; all fire-arresting elements 2 are clamped between the two frames 3; the frame 3 includes a plurality of support ribs 301, the support ribs 301 corresponding to the fire-arresting elements 2 along a preset flow direction; the frame 3 is surrounded by the support ribs 301 to form a plurality of holes 302 that connect to the cavity 101.

[0018] The number and distribution of the orifices 302 are set according to the total thickness of all fire-arresting elements 2 along the preset flow direction.

[0019] This invention provides a hydrogen-specific explosion-proof and detonation-type pipeline flame arrester. The housing assembly 1 is used to establish a connection with the hydrogen pipeline, allowing the flame arrester to be connected as a segment of the pipeline transport path and form a continuous flow together with the pipeline. The cavity 101 formed inside the housing assembly 1 provides a controllable containment space and flow channel for the flow of hydrogen inside the flame arrester. Since the cavity 101 is connected to the inside of the hydrogen pipeline, the hydrogen will not be interrupted after entering the housing assembly 1, but will continue to pass through the cavity 101. Structurally, this ensures that the functional components inside the flame arrester are located in the actual flow channel of the hydrogen and are directly related to the hydrogen flow path. As a result, when a flame appears in the pipeline and spreads along the medium channel, the flame will also enter the cavity 101 and interact with the flame arresting element 2 within the cavity 101.

[0020] Multiple flame-arresting elements 2 are sequentially arranged in the cavity 101 along a preset flow direction of hydrogen gas. This ensures that during normal hydrogen transport, the hydrogen gas flows through each flame-arresting element 2 in the same direction, creating a predictable flow. Similarly, when flame propagates into the cavity 101, it contacts multiple flame-arresting elements 2 sequentially along the preset flow direction, creating a continuous, multi-stage effect. Each flame-arresting element 2 includes a flame-blocking structure and a flame-dispersing structure stacked on top of each other. This gives each individual flame-arresting element 2 two distinct functions. The flame-dispersing structure disperses the flame propagation pattern entering the flame-arresting element 2, changing the flame's relatively concentrated or continuous propagation state into a more dispersed state to reduce the risk of flame spread. The flame propagation continuity is enhanced and the contact coverage with subsequent structures is expanded. The flame blocking structure is used to block the continued propagation of the flame along the preset flow direction, based on the influence of the flame dispersion structure on the flame propagation pattern. This makes the flame more restricted in its propagation when passing through the path corresponding to the blocking structure and more difficult to maintain a continuous propagation state. As a result, a superimposed process from dispersion to blocking is formed inside the same flame arrestor element 2. Since multiple flame arrestor elements 2 are arranged sequentially along the preset flow direction, the flame will repeatedly experience the superimposed effects of dispersion and blocking of multiple flame arrestor elements 2 in the cavity 101. This expands the flame arresting process from a single action to the accumulation of multiple actions, thereby enhancing the reliability of the flame arrester in suppressing flame propagation under pipeline conditions.

[0021] The frame 3 is disposed in the cavity 101 and connected to the shell assembly 1, so that the frame 3 can form a stable support and positioning foundation within the space of the cavity 101 defined by the shell assembly 1. All the flame-arresting elements 2 are clamped between two of the frame 3, so that the axial position and relative arrangement of the flame-arresting elements 2 in the cavity 101 can be fixed and maintained, avoiding the positional drift of the flame-arresting elements 2 under the action of airflow or flame propagation disturbance, which would disrupt the sequential arrangement. The clamping relationship allows the force borne by the flame-arresting elements 2 during operation to be transmitted through the frame 3 and borne by the shell assembly 1, so that the flame-arresting elements 2 are more likely to remain stable in the stacked structure. The frame 3 includes multiple support ribs 301, which correspond to the flame-arresting elements 2 along the preset flow direction, so that the support ribs 301 and the flame-arresting elements 2 form a corresponding support relationship in the flow direction. Thus, after the flame-arresting elements 2 are clamped in the cavity 101, they can obtain structural support and constraint in the flow direction, reducing the possibility of local instability of the flame-arresting elements 2 under the action of force or disturbance in the flow direction.

[0022] The frame 3 is surrounded by support ribs 301 to form multiple holes 302 that connect the cavities 101. This ensures that the support ribs 301 provide support and constraint without dividing the cavities 101 into unconnected spaces. Instead, the holes 302 provide a continuous conductive channel for hydrogen gas within the cavities 101, allowing the hydrogen gas to pass through the area of ​​the frame 3 along a preset flow direction and continue into the corresponding area of ​​the subsequent flame arrestor element 2. This achieves a balance between structural support requirements and flow requirements. Furthermore, the number and distribution of the orifices 302 are set according to the total thickness of all flame-arresting elements 2 along the preset flow direction, so that the orifices 302 can match the overall layout strength of the flame-arresting elements 2 in the preset flow direction. When the total thickness of the flame-arresting elements 2 increases, the corresponding setting of the number and distribution of the orifices 302 allows the conduction path provided by the frame 3 to be rationally configured in space, so that hydrogen can still maintain the necessary connectivity and passage conditions in the frame 3 area when passing through the overall path formed by multiple flame-arresting elements 2. Specifically, this is achieved through the following steps: Step 1: Calculate the total thickness. Calculate the total thickness of the flame arrestor element 2 along the preset flow direction using Ltotal=Σ(i=1..n)Li.

[0023] Step 2: Calculate the target conductivity η. Use the linear matching form: η(Ltotal) = η0 + k·(Ltotal - L0) / L0; and apply a cutoff: η = min(ηmax, max(ηmin, η(Ltotal))). This rule means that as Ltotal increases, a larger total flow cross-sectional area of ​​the orifice 302 is allowed to maintain the necessary connectivity and flow conditions.

[0024] Step 3: Calculate the target total flow cross-sectional area of ​​orifice 302. Calculate the target total flow cross-sectional area of ​​orifice 302 using Aopen = η·Aeff.

[0025] Step 4: Calculate the number N of 302 holes.

[0026] (1) Equal area pore 302: N=ceil(Aopen / a), where ceil(·) is the rounding function.

[0027] (2) Multi-specification hole body 302: Under the candidate hole body 302 specification set {aj}, select the number and specification combination of hole bodies 302 to minimize |Aopen-Σ(j=1..N)aj| and simultaneously satisfy the structural layout and strength constraints.

[0028] Step 5: Calculate the distribution pattern of pore 302.

[0029] Wherein, total thickness: Ltotal = Σ(i=1..n)Li, where Li is the thickness of the i-th fire-arresting element 2 along the preset flow direction, and n is the number of fire-arresting elements 2. Effective cross-sectional area: Aeff, which is the effective area in the cross-section of the frame 3 that can be used to install the orifice 302, that is, the area after deducting the area occupied by the frame 3 entity and the supporting rib 301 entity. Target conductivity: η, which is the ratio of the total flow cross-sectional area Aopen of the orifice 302 to Aeff, that is, η = Aopen / Aeff. Reference parameters: L0 is the reference total thickness, η0 is the reference conductivity, k is the thickness matching conductivity coefficient; ηmin and ηmax are the lower limit and upper limit of conductivity. Orifice 302 parameters: when the orifice 302 has uniform size, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​a single orifice 302 is denoted as a; when there are multiple specifications of orifice 302, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the j-th orifice 302 is denoted as aj.

[0030] Specifically, the holes 302 are divided into inner and outer rings, with radii r1 and r2 respectively. The number of holes 302 is allocated according to their perimeter proportions: N1 = ceil(N·r1 / (r1+r2)), N2 = N - N1. The central angle of the m-th hole 302 in the inner ring is θ1m = 2π·m / N1; the central angle of the m-th hole 302 in the outer ring is θ2m = 2π·m / N2 + Δθ, where Δθ can be taken as π / N2 to achieve misalignment of the inner and outer rings. This rule can improve the radial coverage of the holes 302 and reduce the accumulation of conductive paths in local areas.

[0031] In summary, by connecting the housing assembly 1 to the hydrogen pipeline and forming a cavity 101 inside the housing assembly 1, the flame arrester can serve as a continuous channel in the pipeline delivery path, providing a stable installation boundary and operating space. By sequentially arranging multiple flame-arresting elements 2 along a predetermined flow direction within the cavity 101, once the flame enters the cavity 101, it will inevitably undergo a multi-stage action process, thus expanding the flame-arresting process from a single action to a cumulative path of multiple superimposed actions. Furthermore, by superimposing flame dispersion and flame blocking structures within each flame-arresting element 2, a continuous combination of dispersion and blocking can be formed within a single flame-arresting element 2, thereby enhancing the suppression effect on flame propagation at the structural level. By setting a frame connected to the housing assembly 1 within the cavity 101... 3. All flame arresting elements 2 are clamped between two frames 3 to fix and maintain the axial position and arrangement of the flame arresting elements 2. Multiple support ribs 301 on the frame 3 provide corresponding support for the flame arresting elements 2 along the preset flow direction, making it easier for the flame arresting elements 2 to maintain structural stability when subjected to flow disturbances or impacts. Finally, the support ribs 301 enclose and form multiple holes 302 for connecting cavities 101. The number and distribution of the holes 302 are set according to the total thickness of the flame arresting elements 2 along the preset flow direction, so that the support constraints and the conduction channels are coordinated within the same structure. This ensures that the flame arresting elements 2 can function and maintain the communication and passage conditions within the cavities 101, thereby improving the overall stability and applicability of the flame arrester under pipeline conditions.

[0032] In any of the above embodiments, the flame dispersion structure includes a slit structure formed by weaving flexible linear bodies, and the slit structure has multiple slits formed between the flexible linear bodies for hydrogen to pass through.

[0033] In this embodiment, the flame dispersion structure includes a slit structure formed by weaving flexible linear bodies, so that the flame dispersion structure is clearly defined in terms of its construction morphology as a continuous structure formed by weaving linear materials. Thus, the structure as a whole has both the forming stability brought about by the interweaving of linear bodies and the spatial spacing characteristics determined by the relative positions between the weaving intersections and the linear bodies. As a result, the structure is not a barrier formed by a single solid wall, but a passable spatial network formed by a large number of interwoven skeletons.

[0034] When hydrogen flows into the flame dispersion structure, it is not completely blocked. Instead, it is guided within the woven structure to pass through multiple tiny pathways enclosed by linear bodies, resulting in a multi-path flow and multi-point passage. This not only ensures the flame dispersion structure has basic conductivity under pipeline conditions but also spatially decomposes the airflow into multiple parallel local flow units, thus establishing the fundamental conditions for dispersing the flow pattern at the structural level.

[0035] Specifically, the flexible strip can be made of quartz fiber yarn or annealed pure nickel wire.

[0036] Furthermore, the slit structure comprises multiple slits for hydrogen gas passage formed between flexible linear bodies. The aforementioned definition clarifies that the key interface of this woven structure originates from the spatial gaps between the linear bodies, rather than from the physical obstruction of the linear bodies themselves. These multiple hydrogen-passing slits are numerous and spatially dispersed, inevitably distributing hydrogen gas across multiple slits and guiding it along different paths. This transforms what might have been a concentrated or continuous flow into a dispersed, parallel flow across multiple slits. This passage method, provided by multiple slits, means that the flow path per unit cross-section is no longer concentrated in a few channels but distributed across multiple microchannels. This spatially increases the contact interface between the fluid and the structure, causing the fluid to continuously interact with the woven skeleton formed by the flexible linear bodies at multiple points and undergo multiple turns during its passage. This continuously disturbs the fluid flow within the slit structure, dividing it into multiple refined streams within several local channels. Thus, the structural mechanism achieves the effect of dispersing the propagation pattern entering the flame dispersion structure. That is, by parallel conduction and multi-path diversion of multiple gaps, the action interface corresponding to the propagation process is decomposed into multiple local interfaces, so that the subsequent structure can play a role under more uniform and dispersed action conditions when facing the propagation state after being processed by the gap structure.

[0037] In any of the above embodiments, the flame blocking structure includes a corrugated plate flame arrestor, and the thickness of the slit structure along the preset flow direction is set according to the size structure of the corrugated plate flame arrestor.

[0038] In this embodiment, the flame blocking structure includes a corrugated plate flame arrestor. The above definition clarifies that the core load-bearing component of the flame blocking structure is a corrugated plate flame arrestor, thus giving the flame blocking structure a tortuous passage path and multiple turning boundaries formed by the geometric contour of the corrugated plate. This causes the medium entering the area to no longer pass through a straight channel in a single pass, but is forced to undergo continuous path changes along the structural contour of the corrugated plate, and repeatedly contact the surface of the flame arrestor at multiple local locations. This results in stronger structural constraints on flame propagation within the area, limiting it to the propagation path defined by the corrugated plate structure, and making it difficult for the flame to continuously advance along the preset flow direction in a continuous and stable form.

[0039] Furthermore, the thickness of the slit structure along the preset flow direction is set according to the size structure of the corrugated plate flame arrestor. The above limitation establishes a size matching relationship between the flame dispersion structure and the flame blocking structure in the flow direction, so that the thickness of the slit structure is not arbitrarily selected as an isolated parameter, but is set accordingly with reference to the size structure of the corrugated plate flame arrestor. This allows the slit structure and the corrugated plate flame arrestor to form a coordinated thickness combination relationship in the preset flow direction after being superimposed, and makes it easier to maintain the relative proportion and relative position of the two within the same flame arrestor element 2.

[0040] This ensures that the flow conditions experienced by hydrogen and flame when they pass through the slotted structure and enter the corrugated flame arrestor plate are stably connected with the structural boundary, avoiding significant flow abrupt changes or structural boundary discontinuities at the superimposed interface due to the mismatch between the thickness of the slotted structure and the size of the corrugated flame arrestor plate, which would affect the flame propagation restriction effect of the blocking structure. Because there is a predetermined correlation between the thickness of the slit structure and the size of the corrugated plate flame arrestor, this correlation allows the slit structure thickness to be adjusted accordingly when different sizes of corrugated plate flame arrestors are used. This ensures that the flame dispersion structure and the flame blocking structure maintain a relatively consistent superposition relationship and action path at different structural scales. This makes the continuous action from dispersion to blocking within the flame arrestor element 2 controllable and consistent even when the structural scale changes. It also makes the flame arrestor element 2 form a more stable overall thickness boundary in the preset flow direction, thus providing a basic condition for the inter-level consistency when multiple flame arrestor elements 2 are arranged sequentially along the preset flow direction. This allows the flame to continuously enter the stable action zone formed by the slit structure and the corrugated plate flame arrestor when it comes into contact with each level of flame arrestor element 2, and to be continuously subjected to blocking constraints within this stable action zone.

[0041] In any of the above embodiments, a gap is formed between the slit structure and the corrugated plate flame arrestor plate located in the same flame arrestor element 2, and a mating surface is formed between the slit structure and the corrugated plate flame arrestor plate located in different flame arrestor elements 2; by setting the gap, when hydrogen gas produces deflagration and detonation, the slit structure formed by the flexible linear body can fluctuate within a small range to absorb part of the impact, which is beneficial to the overall structural stability.

[0042] In this embodiment, a gap is formed between the slit structure and the corrugated plate flame arrestor plate located in the same flame arrestor element 2. This arrangement first clarifies the structural relationship: the flame dispersion structure and the flame blocking structure inside the same flame arrestor element 2 are not directly pressed together in a completely rigid fit. Instead, a spatial boundary is reserved between them to allow for relative displacement or morphological changes. This allows the slit structure to retain a certain degree of freedom when superimposed on the corrugated plate flame arrestor plate side, rather than being completely constrained into an undeformable fixed layer. When hydrogen is in a normal transport state within the cavity 101, this gap does not disrupt the basic conduction mechanism of multiple slits formed between flexible linear bodies in the slit structure for hydrogen passage. Instead, it ensures that the slit structure maintains its woven skeleton shape, providing a buffer space that can accommodate minor morphological changes. This allows the slit structure to maintain a more stable spatial distribution between superimposed layers and reduces the risk of local collapse or excessive compaction of the slit structure due to clamping pre-tightening or local compression.

[0043] A mating surface is formed between the slotted structure and the corrugated plate flame arrestor plate of different flame arrestor elements 2. This arrangement introduces an interface state that is distinct from the aforementioned gap in the inter-level relationship between flame arrestor elements 2. That is, the adjacent stacked layers of different flame arrestor elements 2 form a more direct surface contact boundary through the mating surface, so that a more continuous support and force transmission path can be established between the slotted structure of one flame arrestor element 2 and the corrugated plate flame arrestor plate of the adjacent flame arrestor element 2. Thus, when multiple flame arrestor elements 2 are arranged sequentially along the preset flow direction, a stable stacking boundary can be formed between levels, and the possibility of loosening or misalignment of the flame arrestor elements 2 in axial arrangement can be reduced. The mating surface makes it easier to maintain the positional consistency of the interface between adjacent flame arrestor elements 2, so that the flame arrestor elements 2 at each level form a more stable axial combination structure under the overall clamping condition.

[0044] By setting gaps, a small-scale fluctuation can be achieved in the slit structure formed by flexible linear bodies during hydrogen deflagration and detonation. This mechanism is based on the structural characteristic of the slit structure itself, which is formed by flexible linear bodies; that is, the slit structure is not a completely rigid entity, but rather a woven skeleton with a certain degree of deformability formed by interwoven linear bodies. When deflagration or detonation causes a transient impact within the cavity 101, the impact will disturb the flame arrestor element 2 along the preset flow direction and its related directions. If the slit structure and the corrugated flame arrestor plate are completely rigidly fitted, the slit structure lacks space for shape release when impacted, making it easier to transmit the impact in a more concentrated manner to local interlacing points or local contact areas, thereby increasing the risk of localized stress concentration and abrupt structural changes. After a gap is formed between the slotted structure and the corrugated fire arrestor plate, this gap serves as a reserved space for shape changes. When the slotted structure is subjected to impact, it can generate a small range of displacement and fluctuation within the gap range. That is, the slotted structure can make limited shape adjustments using the space provided by the gap without leaving its superposition position. As a result, the impact is no longer directly applied to the contact interface between the slotted structure and the corrugated fire arrestor plate in a rigid collision manner. Instead, the small range of fluctuation of the slotted structure absorbs part of the transient impact through shape changes and transmits it to other support paths in the circumferential or oriented directions in a more dispersed manner.

[0045] To absorb some of the impact and facilitate overall structural stability, the aforementioned effects are manifested as follows: the gaps allow the slit structure to have buffering capacity under deflagration and detonation impacts, thereby reducing the peak transmission of impact loads at the superimposed interface and reducing the risk of structural instability caused by localized stress concentration. Because there are inter-stage support boundaries formed by the mating surfaces between different flame arrestor elements 2, the flame arrestor elements 2 as a whole can still maintain stable stacking and continuous force transmission. This makes it easier for the impact force to be distributed among multiple flame arrestor elements 2 and multiple interfaces in the overall structure, thus forming a combination relationship at the structural level where the internal gaps of the same flame arrestor element 2 provide buffering, and the mating surfaces between different flame arrestor elements 2 provide stable support. This allows the flame arrestor elements 2 to have both localized fluctuation release space and maintain overall stacking stability under deflagration and detonation conditions, thereby helping the flame arrester maintain the structural state of the flame arrestor elements 2 under high-intensity transient impact environments.

[0046] In any of the above embodiments, at least one contact surface is located upstream of the gap along the preset flow direction; this allows the gap structure to move away from the contact surface through the gap during deflagration and detonation to adapt to the movement direction of deflagration and detonation.

[0047] In this embodiment, along the preset flow direction, at least one contact surface is located upstream of the gap. The above arrangement first clarifies the relative order of the contact surface and the gap in the preset flow direction in terms of structural arrangement. That is, the contact surface is preferentially formed at the upstream position defined by the preset flow direction of hydrogen, while the gap is formed at its downstream position. This results in relatively rigid surface contact boundaries and relatively releaseable spatial boundaries on the same action path. Moreover, this relative positional relationship does not exist randomly, but through the combination of upstream contact and downstream gap, the flame arrestor element 2 presents an interface gradient of "first stable constraint, then allow micro-motion release" in the flow direction. This allows the interface response inside the flame arrestor element 2 to occur in this gradient order when a disturbance propagating along the preset flow direction occurs in the cavity 101, rather than being subjected to or released indiscriminately at all interfaces.

[0048] This allows the gap structure to move away from the bonding surface through the gap during deflagration or detonation. This mechanism is based on the fact that the gap structure is woven from flexible linear bodies and possesses certain deformability and displacement characteristics. During deflagration or detonation, the effects within the cavity 101 often manifest as disturbances and impacts propagating along a predetermined flow direction. Under these disturbances and impacts, each layer within the flame-arresting element 2 will experience a force tendency along the predetermined flow direction. If the bonding surface is located upstream, it acts as a relatively rigid surface contact boundary, providing initial positioning and support for the gap structure upstream. This prevents disordered warping or detachment of the gap structure on the upstream side when subjected to impact, thus maintaining a stable assembly relationship between the gap structure and adjacent structures. When the impact continues to be transmitted to the gap area on the downstream side along the preset flow direction, the spatial boundary provided by the gap becomes the channel for the gap structure to release morphological changes or generate displacement. This allows the gap structure to move downstream through the gap while maintaining the constraint of the bonding surface on the upstream side. In other words, the gap structure can generate relative movement along the direction from the bonding surface to the gap, thereby achieving a continuous transition from upstream stable constraint to downstream spatial release. This prevents the impact from being completely rigidly blocked at the bonding surface, but allows part of the impact to be absorbed in the form of displacement and fluctuation through the gap and dispersed inside the structure.

[0049] By placing the bonding surface on the upstream side of the gap, the main motion trend of the gap structure under deflagration and detonation states is aligned with the preset flow direction. That is, in the impact propagation direction, the gap structure tends to be supported by the bonding surface on the upstream side and release in a controlled manner to the gap area on the downstream side. This makes the displacement direction of the gap structure match the action direction under deflagration and detonation states, avoiding reverse pressure on the gap structure under impact or compression and accumulation on the side without release space. As a result, the gap structure can undergo small-range movement in a more compliant manner when subjected to impact, and the transient impact is transformed into a controllable structural response.

[0050] Specifically, the thickness of the slit structure along the preset flow direction is set by the following formula: in, The diameter of the vent where the corrugated plate flame arrestor is located; The inner diameter of the corrugated plate flame arrestor plate; The thickness of the metal plate of the corrugated flame arrestor plate; Pi; The thickness of the metal mesh.

[0051] In any of the above embodiments, the flexible linear body of the slit structure has at least two layers along the preset flow direction to form a tortuous hydrogen conduction slit, thus achieving a balance between hydrogen conduction and flame arrest.

[0052] The flexible linear bodies in adjacent layers are arranged alternately.

[0053] In this embodiment, along the preset flow direction, the flexible linear body of the slit structure has at least two layers. The above limitation first clarifies at the structural composition level that the slit structure is not a single plane woven from a single layer of flexible linear body, but a multi-layer structure composed of at least two layers of linear body superimposed. This makes the slit structure have a perceptible thickness boundary in the preset flow direction, and makes hydrogen gas no longer pass through a single layer only once when passing through the slit structure, but needs to complete the passage process in the space area formed by the multiple layers of linear body. Because at least two flexible linear bodies are spatially superimposed, and the relative positions of each linear body determine the distribution of gaps formed between the linear bodies, the multi-layer structure causes the gaps for hydrogen to pass through within the gap structure to be continuously distributed in multiple layers in the predetermined flow direction, forming a passage path that continues layer by layer from the upstream layer to the downstream layer. After entering the gap structure, the hydrogen will be diverted in the gap formed by the first linear body, and then correspond and connect with the gap formed by the second linear body as it continues to move forward. This changes the hydrogen passage path from a straight state of a single layer of gaps to a continuous passage state of repeated connections between multiple layers of gaps.

[0054] The aforementioned mechanism creates a tortuous hydrogen flow channel. This mechanism stems from the fact that the gaps formed by the superposition of at least two layers of flexible linear bodies are not necessarily perfectly aligned in space. Instead, they are misaligned due to the combined influence of the interlacing positions and spacing of the linear bodies. When hydrogen flows along a predetermined direction, it is decomposed into multiple localized streams within the first layer of gaps. As these streams continue to flow along the predetermined direction, they need to enter the corresponding gap region in the second layer. Because of the misalignment between the gaps, the hydrogen undergoes localized detours and path adjustments during the interlayer connection process. This results in a tortuous path that is no longer a straight line but rather a series of localized deflections and gap connections. Consequently, hydrogen flow at the structural level presents a combination of multi-path diversion and multiple turning points. This tortuous conduction path, on the one hand, extends the actual passage path of hydrogen within the slot structure while ensuring its passage, and increases the interface between hydrogen and the flexible linear body. This allows hydrogen to be continuously guided and disturbed by the linear framework during its passage, rather than passing through rapidly in a single direction, thus achieving controllable diversion and stable passage conditions in the conduction dimension. On the other hand, it also makes it less likely that a single, continuous large channel will form within the passage space of the slot structure, and instead tends to be composed of multiple local channels, thereby making the spatial distribution of the conduction slots more uniform and dispersed.

[0055] The above effect can be understood as balancing hydrogen conduction and flame arrest: the tortuous conducting gaps formed by at least two layers of flexible linear bodies ensure that the gap structure will not weaken the hydrogen passage conditions due to excessive sealing, nor will the action path be too short and unable to effectively intervene in the propagation process due to the existence of too straight channels. Because the tortuous conductive gaps require hydrogen to pass through multiple layers of gaps with continuous connections and multiple path changes, multiple gaps are retained at the conductive level to maintain overall connectivity. At the structural level, the tortuous path decomposes the interface corresponding to the propagation process into multiple continuous action segments, making the propagation pattern entering the gap structure easier to disperse and confine within the passage boundary defined by multiple linear bodies. This allows the gap structure to meet both the basic requirement for hydrogen passage and the structural requirement for suppressing the propagation process under the same structural form. The tortuous conductive path formed by multiple linear bodies creates a satisfactory structural balance between the two. As a flame dispersion structure, the gap structure can enhance the dispersion and restriction of the propagation process without disrupting the continuity of conductivity, thus achieving a balance between hydrogen conduction and flame arrest.

[0056] In any of the above embodiments, the gap structure of adjacent flame arrestor elements 2 has an assembly angle to allow for layer-by-layer disintegration at different positions and in different directions during flameout, which is beneficial for flameout prevention and detonation.

[0057] In this embodiment, the gap structure of adjacent flame arresting elements 2 has an assembly angle. The above limitation first clarifies in terms of structural assembly relationship that the gap structures of adjacent flame arresting elements 2 are not superimposed and arranged in a completely unidirectional and co-positional manner. Instead, the assembly angle makes the gap structures of adjacent flame arresting elements 2 form an intentional angular difference in spatial orientation. This makes the gap structures of adjacent layers present different orientations in the cross-section of cavity 101, and makes the multiple gaps formed between flexible linear bodies for hydrogen to pass through no longer repeat in the same direction between adjacent flame arresting elements 2. Instead, directional and positional misalignment occurs between adjacent layers. The aforementioned misalignment means that when hydrogen passes through adjacent flame arrestor elements 2 in sequence along the preset flow direction, the diversion path formed in the previous stage of the gap structure and the diversion path that can continue to pass through in the next stage of the gap structure are no longer directly connected in a one-to-one correspondence. Instead, the path needs to be adjusted and redistributed before entering the next stage of the gap structure. This results in the conduction process being a passage state that changes direction layer by layer between adjacent flame arrestor elements 2, and forming more obvious multi-level tortuosity and multi-level dispersion at the structural level.

[0058] The assembly angle allows the gap structure of adjacent flame arrestor elements 2 to provide multiple dispersed interfaces with different orientations in space. When the propagation state enters the first slot structure along the preset flow direction, its propagation pattern is decomposed into multiple local passage units under the action of the slot distribution and linear skeleton of the structure. When the aforementioned local passage units continue to enter the next slot structure, since the next slot structure has an assembly angle relative to the previous one, the main orientation and spatial position of its slots change. Therefore, the local passage units formed in the previous structure will not continue to advance along the original direction when entering the next structure. Instead, they will be forced to redistribute under the new orientation boundary, that is, they will reselect passable slots at different positions and re-form local passage paths in different directions. As a result, the dispersion corresponding to the propagation process does not only occur at a single level, but continues to repeat and unfold layer by layer between adjacent levels at different positions and in different directions. Each layer of slot structure will once again disperse and reorganize the propagation distribution already formed in the previous layer, thus forming a layer-by-layer disintegration dispersion process as a whole. This makes it more difficult for the propagation state to maintain a stable concentrated advancement path and more difficult to form a consistent passage channel between the layers of structure.

[0059] The benefits of preventing deflagration and detonation are manifested in the following ways: the assembly angle allows for a more thorough spatial dispersion process and greater hierarchical continuity. This means that propagation disturbances entering the flame arrestor element 2 region along the predetermined flow direction during deflagration or detonation will continuously encounter gap structures with different orientations as they pass through multiple flame arrestor elements 2, and will continuously undergo a redistribution process caused by positional and directional misalignments. This further disperses the propagation pattern at each level and gradually weakens its continuity. Because of the assembly angle between adjacent flame arrestor elements 2, relatively straight paths that may exist in the previous level are more difficult to maintain alignment in the subsequent level, thus reducing the possibility of forming a continuous path along the same direction and making the propagation process more likely to be confined to a tortuous path composed of multiple deflections and redistributions.

[0060] In any of the above embodiments, the housing assembly 1 includes: The port connection shell 102 is used to connect to the hydrogen pipeline; the port connection pipe has a through-hole 1021, which corresponds to the part of the flame arresting element 2 along the preset flow direction, so that when an impact occurs, the impact flow does not directly act on the entire flame arresting element 2, but on the middle part, and under the action of the larger space cavity 101, the flexible gap structure generates lateral buffering and suppression.

[0061] In this embodiment, the housing assembly 1 includes a port connection shell 102 for connecting to a hydrogen pipeline. This arrangement allows the flame arrester to form a clearly defined interface with the hydrogen pipeline, enabling hydrogen to enter the housing assembly 1 through the port connection shell 102 during pipeline transportation and further into the cavity 101 formed within the housing assembly 1. The port connection shell 102, as a connection point, also provides a relatively defined inlet boundary for hydrogen to enter the flame arrester, giving the flow into the cavity 101 a more defined initial cross-section and direction, thus providing a basis for defining the subsequent preset flow direction.

[0062] An opening 1021 is formed inside the port connecting pipe, and the opening 1021 corresponds to a portion of the flame arrestor element 2 along a preset flow direction. This arrangement further defines the inlet's conductive cross-section as a local area corresponding to the opening 1021, causing the flow entering the cavity 101 to first pass through the opening 1021 before entering the area where the flame arrestor element 2 is located. Therefore, the incoming flow facing the flame arrestor element 2 in the preset flow direction is not necessarily a uniform impact covering its entire cross-section, but rather an incoming flow path formed by a relatively concentrated passage area defined by the opening 1021. Consequently, when an impact occurs, the impact flow does not directly act on the entire flame arrestor element 2, but rather on the central portion.

[0063] The presence of the opening 1021 spatially constrains the range of the impact flow, making the main action area of ​​the impact flow more concentrated in the corresponding area of ​​the center of the flame arresting element 2, while the circumferential or outer areas of the flame arresting element 2 do not bear the same degree of direct impact. Thus, at the structural level, the degree of synchronous impact of the impact flow on the overall cross-section of the flame arresting element 2 is reduced, and the flame arresting element 2 is more likely to form an action distribution and buffering cooperation with the cavity 101 space through the circumferential area when it is impacted.

[0064] Furthermore, under the action of the larger space cavity 101, the flexible slit structure generates lateral buffering and suppression. The above-mentioned working principle is manifested as follows: when the impact flow enters the cavity 101 through the opening 1021, the cavity 101, as a relatively larger space, provides the space conditions for the impact flow to expand laterally and redistribute the flow. This allows the impact flow to generate a certain lateral flow component in the cavity 101 as it moves forward, and to diffuse into the surrounding area in space. As a result, the impact effect is no longer directly applied to the flame arrestor element 2 in a concentrated axial manner, but rather forms a certain degree of spatial dispersion in the space of the cavity 101.

[0065] The flexible slotted structure, formed by weaving flexible linear bodies and possessing small-range fluctuations and shape adjustments, can generate a lateral buffering response under the spatial conditions provided by the cavity 101 when the impact flow interacts with the slotted structure in the central region. That is, while maintaining the slot distribution for hydrogen gas passage, the slotted structure can transform part of the impact from axial concentration into a more dispersed lateral release through local fluctuations and local displacements. This allows the impact energy to be distributed and weakened in a more controllable manner within the structure, thereby achieving buffering and suppression of the impact.

[0066] Because the inlet 1021 concentrates the main impact zone in the middle, and the cavity 101 space and flexible slot structure provide conditions for lateral buffering, a synergistic relationship is formed as a whole, consisting of the limitation of the effective range of the inlet inlet 1021, the expansion conditions of the cavity 101 space, and the buffering response of the flexible slot structure. This makes it less likely for the impact flow to be loaded in a rigid full-section manner when entering the area of ​​the flame arrestor element 2, but rather it tends to be suppressed under the combination of local action and lateral buffering.

[0067] In any of the above embodiments, the centers of the two frames 3 are connected by a central bolt fastener 4, and the central bolt fastener 4 passes through the fire-arresting element 2.

[0068] The flame arresting element 2 corresponds to the opening 1021 along the preset flow direction so as to stabilize the part of the flame arresting element 2 that is concentrated in the center when an impact occurs.

[0069] In this embodiment, the two frames 3 are connected at their centers by a central bolt fastener 4. This arrangement allows the two frames 3 located within the cavity 101 to form a clear central connection point in their structure. As a result, the two frames 3 no longer rely solely on circumferential support or edge fit to maintain their relative positions. Instead, a stable axial constraint and overall positioning relationship are established through the central fastening relationship. This allows the frames 3 to form a more direct force transmission path in the central region when subjected to flow or impact, and to maintain the relative distance and relative posture stability between the two frames 3. Furthermore, the central bolt fastener 4 penetrates the flame arrestor element 2, so that when the flame arrestor element 2 is clamped between the two frames 3, its central area is penetrated by the central bolt fastener 4, and the central bolt fastener 4 and the two frames 3 together form a clamping constraint. This makes the stacking arrangement of the flame arrestor element 2 in the preset flow direction not only restricted by the frames 3 at the ends or outer edges, but also achieves through-type positioning and fastening at the center. This makes it less likely for the flame arrestor element 2 to slip or misalign in the axial direction, and allows the flame arrestor element 2 to directly transfer the load at the center to the two frames 3 through the central bolt fastener 4 when it is impacted, and then be borne by the frames 3 and the shell assembly 1.

[0070] The flame arresting element 2 corresponds to the port 1021 along the preset flow direction. The above arrangement establishes a correspondence between the arrangement position of the flame arresting element 2 and the port 1021 in the port connecting pipe in the preset flow direction, so that the incoming flow path from the port 1021 can directly act on the corresponding area of ​​the flame arresting element 2 after entering the cavity 101, and make the impact flow more inclined to act on the corresponding middle part of the flame arresting element 2 when it is generated.

[0071] The impact zone defined by the through-hole 1021 and the central fastening constraint formed by the central bolt fastener 4 are spatially aligned. That is, the central region where the impact flow primarily acts corresponds precisely to the central region where the central bolt fastener 4 penetrates and tightens. This ensures that the flame arrestor element 2 has the strongest structural constraint and the most direct force transmission channel at the location most prone to concentrated stress. This allows the impact load to be rapidly introduced into the central bolt fastener 4 and transmitted to the two frames 3, rather than expanding into uncontrollable local deformation or displacement within the flame arrestor element 2 itself. Since the two frames 3 are connected at the center, the overall clamping structure forms a stable skeleton in the central region. Therefore, when the impact is concentrated at the center of the flame arrestor element 2, this concentrated stress area can maintain its positional stability under the combined action of the central bolt fastener 4 and the frame 3, and maintain the arrangement of the flame arrestor element 2 in the predetermined flow direction.

[0072] Furthermore, the central bolt fastener 4 penetrates both the flame blocking structure and the flame dispersing structure.

[0073] Specifically, the housing assembly 1 also includes a sleeve 5, with both ends of the pipe respectively connected to and communicating with the port connection housing 102. The inner wall of the pipe and the inner wall of the port connection housing 102 near the sleeve 5 together form the cavity 101. Specifically, the port of the sleeve 5 is fixed to the port connecting shell 102 by crimping, and the edge of the port connecting shell 102 extends outward. The two port connecting shells 102 are fixed by drilling holes in the extended edge to install the edge bolt fastener 6 and to apply a pressing force to the sleeve 5 to achieve sealing.

[0074] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0075] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen-specific deflagration flame arrester of the detonation type, characterized in that, include: A housing assembly for connecting a hydrogen pipeline; the housing assembly has an interior cavity that communicates with the interior of the hydrogen pipeline; Multiple flame-arresting elements are arranged sequentially in the cavity along a predetermined flow direction of hydrogen gas; each flame-arresting element includes a flame-blocking structure and a flame-dispersing structure that are stacked on top of each other. A frame is disposed in the cavity and connected to the housing assembly; all the flame-arresting elements are clamped between two frames; the frame includes a plurality of support ribs, the support ribs corresponding to the flame-arresting elements along the preset flow direction; the frame is formed by the support ribs to form a plurality of holes communicating with the cavity; The number and distribution of the holes are set according to the total thickness of all fire-arresting elements along the preset flow direction.

2. The hydrogen-specific deflagration flame arrestor of claim 1, wherein, The flame dispersion structure includes a slit structure formed by weaving flexible linear bodies, and the slit structure contains multiple slits between the flexible linear bodies for hydrogen to pass through.

3. The hydrogen-specific deflagration-to-detonation transition pipe arrester according to claim 2, characterized in that The flame-blocking structure includes a corrugated plate flame arrestor, and the thickness of the slit structure along the preset flow direction is set according to the size structure of the corrugated plate flame arrestor.

4. The hydrogen-specific deflagration-to-detonation transition pipe arrester according to claim 3, characterized in that A gap is formed between the slit structure and the corrugated plate flame arrestor plate located in the same flame arrestor element, and a mating surface is formed between the slit structure and the corrugated plate flame arrestor plate located in different flame arrestor elements.

5. The hydrogen-specific deflagration-to-detonation transition pipe arrester according to claim 4, characterized in that Along the preset flow direction, at least one of the contact surfaces is located on the upstream side of the gap.

6. The hydrogen-specific deflagration-to-detonation transition pipe arrester according to claim 3, characterized by The thickness of the slit structure along the preset flow direction is set by the following formula: Among them, the The diameter of the vent where the corrugated plate flame arrestor is located; The inner diameter of the corrugated plate flame arrestor; The thickness of the metal plate of the corrugated flame arrestor plate; Pi; The thickness of the metal mesh is given.

7. The hydrogen-specific deflagration-to-detonation transition pipe arrester according to claim 2, characterized by Along the predetermined flow direction, the flexible linear body of the slit structure consists of at least two layers; The flexible linear bodies in adjacent layers are arranged alternately.

8. The hydrogen-specific deflagration-to-detonation transition pipe arrester according to claim 7, characterized in that The gap structure between adjacent flame-retardant elements has an assembly angle.

9. The hydrogen-specific deflagration-to-detonation transition pipe arrester of claim 4, wherein, The housing assembly includes: A port connection shell is used to connect to a hydrogen pipeline; a port connection tube has an opening formed inside, and the opening corresponds to the portion of the flame arrestor element along the preset flow direction.

10. The hydrogen-specific deflagration-to-detonation transition pipe arrester according to claim 9, characterized in that The two frames are connected at their centers by a central bolt fastener, which passes through the fire-arresting element. The flame-arresting element corresponds to the opening along the preset flow direction.

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