Ribbed profile, tubular element and component

Abstract

A tubular element is used for manufacturing a component. The tubular element comprises a part A and a part B or comprises a part A, a part B and a part C, the part A comprises a pipe or a ribbed profile, the part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, and the part C is selected from a combined volume compensation device, an independent pressure supply device and an auxiliary bearing device. A composite member comprising at least one tubular element and a profile, preferably comprising a parallel member, a composite member and a generic composite member. The component is a beam or a column. A combined volume compensation device comprises a supporting device and a pressure supply device and can be used for providing pressure for a fluid-solid conversion material. A ribbed profile may be used as an A portion of a tubular element.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of architecture, bridges, underground engineering, water conservancy, and machinery, and specifically to composite structures and their manufacturing methods. Background Technology

[0002] The concrete in a steel-concrete composite structure shrinks, which can cause separation between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel tube, affecting their coordinated work and consequently impacting the mechanical properties of the composite structure.

[0003] In existing literature, there are two main categories of methods to solve this problem. The first category involves altering the shrinkage characteristics of concrete materials to minimize shrinkage or to allow the material to expand. This type of method is not suitable for high-strength or ultra-high-strength concrete. This type of method is irrelevant to this invention and will not be discussed further.

[0004] The second method involves sealing both ends of the steel pipe after concrete is filled into it, and then applying pressure to the concrete. The most representative method is to place a pressure-maintaining device, such as an airbag, inside the sealed steel pipe concrete, and apply pre-pressure to the concrete. The advantage of this device is that when the concrete is in a flowable state, if shrinkage occurs, the pressure-maintaining device can expand, filling the space created by shrinkage in the steel pipe cavity, thus keeping the reduction in concrete compressive stress within the required range. Even after the concrete has solidified, compressive stress can still exist between the outer surface of the pressure-maintaining device and the concrete. However, the disadvantage of this structure is that the airbag, etc., can become a weak point in the concrete, potentially affecting the overall load-bearing capacity of the concrete-filled steel tube column. Summary of the Invention

[0005] I. Technical problems to be solved

[0006] During the setting and hardening process, cement undergoes chemical shrinkage, meaning its absolute volume after hydration is less than the sum of the volumes of water and other components involved in hydration before hydration. In concrete-filled steel tube structures, the volume shrinkage of the concrete inside the steel tube often leads to insufficient contact between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel tube, or even separation, preventing the steel tube and concrete from working together effectively. High-strength concrete, ultra-high-strength concrete, and reactive powder concrete, due to their higher cement and reactive admixture content, experience even greater volume shrinkage during hardening, making this incompatibility with the steel tube even more pronounced.

[0007] The strength of cement paste is related to the porosity within it; fewer porosity results in higher strength. During the cement setting and hardening process, allowing the cement to shrink or be compressed helps reduce porosity in the cement paste, thus increasing its strength. The strength of cement mortar and concrete is related to the strength of the cement paste within them; the higher the strength of the cement paste, the higher the strength of the corresponding material.

[0008] The matrix material of reactive powder concrete is a mixture of cement, silica fume, quartz powder and water. Although the composition of its hydration products is different from that of traditional cement stone, its strength is still related to the porosity content. The lower the porosity, the higher the strength.

[0009] The axial strength of cement stone, cement mortar, concrete, and reactive powder concrete is related to its lateral compressive stress; the greater the lateral compressive stress, the higher the strength.

[0010] Let's take a concrete-filled steel tube column as an example to illustrate the problem to be solved. Assume that both ends of the steel tube in the concrete-filled steel tube are closed, and a pressure-maintaining device is placed inside the tube cavity, which is then filled with concrete. While the concrete is still in a flowable stage, it begins to experience artificially applied prestress.

[0011] (1) The first set of technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to improve the uniaxial strength and triaxial strength of concrete in steel-concrete composite columns, thereby improving the overall bearing capacity of steel-concrete composite columns.

[0012] (2) The second set of technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to find a pressure maintaining method and a pressure maintaining device to achieve the following two objectives:

[0013] a. When the concrete is in a flowable state, maintain the compressive stress of the concrete in the steel pipe basically stable, or allow it to vary within the required range;

[0014] b. After the concrete reaches or is close to its final strength, when the steel-concrete composite is subjected to axial loading, the pressure maintaining device can provide sufficient radial resistance to prevent the surrounding concrete from bulging into the area occupied by the pressure maintaining device, thus avoiding a reduction in the axial bearing capacity of the surrounding concrete due to bulging. II. Summary of the Invention

[0016] (I) Combined volume compensation device 1

[0017] A combined volume compensation device, comprising support device and Pressure supply device ;in,

[0018] (1) Corresponding to the supporting device, there exists an internal region of the supporting device and a peripheral region of the supporting device, the internal region being... The main area is surrounded or enclosed by the supporting device, and the outer area surrounds or encloses the supporting device.

[0019] There are one or more connecting channels between the inner region and the outer region;

[0020] (2) All or part of the pressure supply device is located within the internal area of ​​the support device. The outer surface of the pressure supply device can be in contact with it The medium provides pressure.

[0021] Furthermore, the support device includes a type I support device, and the selection range of the type I support device includes... bring Hole shell or Open shell;

[0022] The range of options for the perforated housing includes: Perforated enclosed housing , Open shell with holes ; Enclosed shell It is a shell that surrounds a closed cavity; Open shell The characteristic is that the cavity surrounded by the shell is not closed;

[0023] The Perforated enclosed housing One of the production methods is in Enclosed shell The upper machining hole; the Open shell with holes The method of obtaining it is in Open shell Machine holes in the upper part, or divide the perforated closed shell;

[0024] Preferably, the Open shell It is a pipe, and at least one end of the pipe hole is not sealed;

[0025] Preferably, the Shell containing closed cavities The selection range includes:

[0026] (1) Spherical shells, ellipsoidal shells, and other shells with typical geometries containing closed cavities;

[0027] (2) A shell containing a closed cavity, consisting of a tube and one or more local typical shells;

[0028] (3) A shell containing a closed cavity, consisting of several shells with typical geometric shapes;

[0029] (4) A shell containing a closed cavity, consisting of one or more shells with typical geometries and one or more local typical shells;

[0030] The Shell with typical geometry It is a shell described mathematically using common equations; a typical local shell is a part of a shell with a typical geometry;

[0031] Preferably, the Shell with typical geometry The selection range includes spherical shells, ellipsoidal shells, conical shells, elliptical conical shells, pyramidal shells, cylindrical shells, frustum shells, truncated cone shells, frustum-shaped shells, elliptical cross-section frustum shells, saddle-shaped shells, and other typical geometries.

[0032] Furthermore, the aforementioned Perforated housing It is a pipe, and has one of the following characteristics:

[0033] (1) Neither end of the pipe hole is sealed, and there are holes in the pipe wall;

[0034] (2) One end of the pipe hole is sealed, and there is a hole in the pipe wall;

[0035] (3) Both ends of the pipe hole are sealed, and there are holes in the pipe wall;

[0036] Preferably, the axis of the pipe is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the pipe is a curve.

[0037] Furthermore, the support device includes a type II support device; the type II support device is characterized in that the connection channel between the inner region and the outer region of the support device includes a gap or a slit.

[0038] Furthermore, the Type II support device is a spiral ribbon; the selection range of the spiral ribbon includes a single type of coiled spiral ribbon or multiple types of coiled spiral ribbons;

[0039] The single type of spiral band is characterized in that the cross-section of each turn's surrounding area is the same; the multiple types of spiral bands are characterized in that at least two adjacent spiral bands have the following characteristics: the cross-sectional shape and / or size of the respective surrounding areas of these two spiral bands are different.

[0040] Preferably, in the single type of spiral band, at least two adjacent spiral bands have the following characteristics: there is a gap between them along the axial direction; preferably, the projections of at least two spiral bands along the axial direction are completely overlapping, or at least a portion of the projections are not overlapping.

[0041] Preferably, among the various spiral bands, at least two adjacent spiral bands have the following characteristics: there is an overlapping portion along the length direction between the two adjacent spiral bands, and there is a gap between the outer surface of one spiral band and the inner surface of the other spiral band in the overlapping portion.

[0042] Preferably, in the plurality of spiral bands, a gap exists along the length direction between two adjacent spiral bands;

[0043] Preferably, the axis of the region surrounded by the single or multiple spiral bands is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the region surrounded by the single or multiple spiral bands is a curve.

[0044] Preferably, the single or multiple spiral strips have multiple points connected to one or more strip-shaped fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between the turns of the spiral strip.

[0045] Furthermore, the Type II support device is a spiral wire; the selection range of the spiral wire includes a single type of coiled spiral wire and multiple types of coiled spiral wire;

[0046] The single type of spiral wire is characterized in that the cross-section of each turn of the spiral wire is the same; the multiple types of spiral wire are characterized in that at least two turns of the spiral wire have different cross-sections.

[0047] Preferably, in one of the single-type spiral wires, there is a gap between at least two adjacent spiral wires; preferably, in one of the single-type spiral wires, there is no gap between at least two adjacent spiral wires.

[0048] Preferably, in one of the plurality of spiral wires, the cross-section of the region around each turn of the spiral wire is different;

[0049] Preferably, the axis of the region around which the spiral wire surrounds is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the region around which the spiral wire surrounds is a curve.

[0050] Preferably, the spiral wire has multiple points connected to one or more strip-shaped fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between the turns of the spiral wire.

[0051] Furthermore, the Type II support device is a short pipe assembly; the selection range of the short pipe assembly includes single-section short pipe assembly and multi-section short pipe assembly.

[0052] The Single-section short pipe assembly The characteristic is that all the short tubes in a group and device have the same cross-sectional shape and size;

[0053] The multi-section short tube assembly is characterized in that at least two adjacent short tubes have different cross-sectional shapes and / or different cross-sectional dimensions.

[0054] Furthermore, the short tube assembly has one of the following three characteristics: A, B, and C; or it has characteristics A and C; or it has characteristics B and C:

[0055] (a) The aforementioned characteristic A is,

[0056] The short pipe assembly is the single-section short pipe assembly, and has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0057] (1) There are at least two such adjacent short tubes with a gap between the planes containing their adjacent end faces;

[0058] (2) There are at least two such adjacent short tubes with no gap between their adjacent end faces;

[0059] (3) The length of the group and device is greater than or equal to the total length of all the short tubes;

[0060] (4) There are at least two such adjacent short tubes whose projections along the axial direction are completely overlapping, or whose projections are partially non-overlapping.

[0061] (ii) Feature B is,

[0062] The short tube assembly is the Multi-section short pipe combination device And has at least one of the following characteristics,

[0063] (1) There are at least two adjacent short tubes such that a section of one tube is inserted into the hole of the other tube;

[0064] (2) At least in Multi-section short pipe combination device One end has a thick tube and a thin tube. One end of the thick tube is sealed with a sealing device. A section of the thin tube is inserted into the hole of the thick tube. There are gaps between the end of the thin tube and the sealing device of the thick tube, as well as between the outer surface of the thin tube wall and the inner surface of the thick tube.

[0065] (3) At least two adjacent short pipes, A and B, have the following characteristics: a) The cross-sectional size and / or shape of short pipes A and B are different; b) Due to the limitation of the cross-section of the short pipes, short pipe A cannot be inserted into the hole of short pipe B, and short pipe B cannot be inserted into the hole of short pipe A; c) If the adjacent end faces of short pipes A and B are made to be in close contact, then a portion of the hole of short pipe A and / or the hole of short pipe B is exposed on the adjacent end faces; d) The planes containing the adjacent end faces of short pipes A and B are in close contact or there is a gap between them.

[0066] (iii) The aforementioned feature is that the axis of the short tube has at least one of the following characteristics.

[0067] (1) At least one short tube has its axis extended in the bore of an adjacent short tube;

[0068] (2) At least two of the short tube axes coincide with the same straight line;

[0069] (3) The line connecting the axes of the short pipes is a broken line, and at least two adjacent short pipe axes are tangent to the same curve;

[0070] (4) There are connections between the short tubes to ensure that they maintain a fixed relative position.

[0071] Furthermore, the Type II support device is a shell segment assembly; the selection range of the shell segment assembly and device includes... Complete assembly of shell segmentation components or Incomplete assembly of shell components In the housing segment assembly and device, there are at least two such adjacent housing segments with a gap between them;

[0072] The shell segment is a component obtained by dividing a shell. The shape and size of the shell segments assembled together are approximately the same as the shell before division. The complete assembly of shell segments includes all the segments of a shell, while the incomplete assembly of shell segments only includes a portion of the segments of a shell.

[0073] Preferably, the housing has a closed cavity before being divided; preferably, there is a connection between the housing segments to ensure a fixed relative position between them; preferably, the housing segments have holes on their shells.

[0074] Furthermore, the support device includes a Type III support device;

[0075] The Type III support device comprises two parts, A and B. Part A has holes and / or gaps, and there are internal and external regions corresponding to Part A. Part B is located in the external region of Part A, and at least one continuous area in Part B faces the holes and / or gaps of Part A.

[0076] Furthermore, part A and part B are respectively device a and device b;

[0077] The device a is completely surrounded by the device b, or at least a portion of the device a is surrounded by the device b;

[0078] The selection range of the device a includes: a closed shell with holes a11, an open shell with holes a12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall a2, a single type of spiral band a31, multiple types of spiral bands a32, a single type of spiral wire a41, multiple types of spiral wires a42, a combination device of short pipes with a single cross-section a51, a combination device of short pipes with multiple cross-sections b52, a complete combination device of shell segmentation components a61, and a non-complete combination device of shell segmentation components a62;

[0079] The range of possible devices b includes: a closed shell with holes b11, an open shell with holes b12, a pipe with holes and / or gaps in the pipe wall b2, a single type of spiral strip b31, multiple types of spiral strips b32, a single type of spiral wire b41, multiple types of spiral wire b42, a combination device of short pipes with a single cross-section b51, a combination device of short pipes with multiple cross-sections b52, a complete combination device of shell segmentation components b61, and a non-complete combination device of shell segmentation components b62.

[0080] Furthermore,

[0081] In the single-section short tube assembly device a51, the inner contour line of the cross-section of the short tube is a corrugated closed curve, or a trapezoidal waveform closed curve, or a sawtooth closed curve;

[0082] In the multi-section short tube assembly b52, at least one short tube has a cross-sectional inner contour line that is a corrugated closed curve, a trapezoidal waveform closed curve, or a sawtooth closed curve.

[0083] Furthermore, part A and part B are respectively device c and device d.

[0084] The range of options for the device c includes: a closed shell with holes a11, an open shell with holes a12, and a pipe with holes in the pipe wall a2;

[0085] The selection range of the device d includes: a tube d1 with longitudinal slits, a long strip-shaped shield d22, a block-shaped shield d3, and a non-closed annular shield d4.

[0086] Preferably, when the device c is a closed shell a11 with holes or an open shell a12 with holes, the device d is a long strip-shaped shield d21 or a block-shaped shield d3;

[0087] Preferably, when the device c is a pipe a2 with holes in the pipe wall, the device d is a pipe d1 with a longitudinal slit, or a straight strip-shaped shield d22, or a block-shaped shield d3, or a non-closed annular shield d4;

[0088] Preferably, the holes on the wall of the perforated pipe c2 face the seamless area in the inner wall of the pipe d1 with longitudinal slits, or face the non-perforated area on the inner surface of the straight, elongated shield d22, or face the block shield d3, or face the seamless area on the inner surface of the non-closed annular shield d4.

[0089] Furthermore, at least one elongated obstruction d22 has a longitudinal cross-sectional profile containing a curve;

[0090] Preferably, the contour line is wavy, trapezoidal, or sawtooth.

[0091] Furthermore, the support device includes a type IV support device, which includes device e and device f;

[0092] The device e is a perforated shell, and its selection range includes a perforated closed shell a11, a perforated open shell a12, and a pipe a2 with perforated walls;

[0093] The device f is a connection channel extension device.

[0094] Furthermore, the connection channel extension device includes thin tubes f1, each of which is connected to the device e. The orifice of each thin tube f1 is directly opposite a hole in the device e, allowing the flowable medium to pass through the hole in the device e and the orifice of the thin tube f1.

[0095] Furthermore, the connecting channel extension device includes several pairs of thin plates f2, with a gap between each pair of thin plates, and one or more holes of the device e are located in the gap, which is an extension of the connecting channel.

[0096] Furthermore, it must possess at least one of the following three characteristics:

[0097] (1) Among several pairs of thin plates f2, at least one pair of thin plates is parallel to or approximately parallel to the axis of the tube;

[0098] (2) Among the several pairs of thin plates f2, at least one pair of thin plates is perpendicular to the axis of the tube;

[0099] (3) Among a plurality of pairs of thin plates f2, there is at least one pair of such spiral thin plates, the spiral thin plates surrounding the device e, the distance between the two spiral thin plates being constant or varying within a certain range, and a plurality of holes on the device e being located in the gap of the same pair of spiral thin plates.

[0100] Furthermore, in the Type III or Type IV support device, the connecting channel between the inner region and the outer region of the support device contains a curved section or a turning point.

[0101] Furthermore, the support device includes a V-shaped support device; the selection range of the V-shaped support device includes... Spin Infeed screw device and Ring support device ;

[0102] The Screw-type screw assembly The spiral device includes Spiral Helix and Spiral gap region; The Spiral The helix has the following characteristics: when moving along the outer boundary line of the helix, the point of movement also displaces in the axial direction of the helix; there is a gap between adjacent rings of the helix, and the area corresponding to the gap is the... Spiral gap region; The Spiral gap region It is a connection Spiral assembly Connecting passages between the internal and external areas;

[0103] The Ring support device Including several Ring-shaped plate and the gap region between the ring-shaped plates, the gap region being referred to as Annular gap areaEach annular plate has holes, and at least two adjacent annular plates have holes with the same shape and size, with the geometric center of the hole cross-section located on the same straight line or the same curve; the annular gap region is a connecting channel connecting the inner and outer regions of the annular support device.

[0104] Furthermore, the V-shaped support device has at least one of the following two features (A and B):

[0105] (1) The characteristic A is,

[0106] The V-shaped support device is made by folding a long strip of material multiple times. The long strip of material has regularly distributed holes. After folding, the geometric centers of the holes are on the same straight line or on the same regular curve.

[0107] Preferably, the regular curve is an arched curve;

[0108] Preferably, the hole is circular, elliptical, polygonal, or a rounded polygon;

[0109] (2) The characteristic B mentioned above is,

[0110] A protective device is provided on the outside of the bladder-type pressure supply device in the inner area of ​​the V-shaped support device to prevent damage to the bladder caused by the bladder-type pressure supply device squeezing into the gap of the support device.

[0111] Preferably, the protective device is selected from thin-walled protective devices, single-wire protective devices, and metal mesh protective devices.

[0112] Furthermore, the support device includes a type VI support device;

[0113] The type VI support device includes device g and device h; device g is completely surrounded by device h, or at least a portion of device g is surrounded by device h.

[0114] The range of possible devices g includes: a closed shell with holes a11, an open shell with holes a12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall a2, a single type of spiral ribbon a31, multiple types of spiral ribbons a32, a single type of spiral wire a41, multiple types of spiral wires a42, a combination device of short pipes with a single cross-section a51, a combination device of short pipes with multiple cross-sections a52, a complete combination device of shell segmentation components a61, and a non-complete combination device of shell segmentation components a62.

[0115] The device h has the following characteristic: in cross-section, the device h can change the area it encloses.

[0116] Furthermore, the device h is a constant perimeter device or a variable perimeter device;

[0117] The Constant perimeter device It is a thin-walled tube with the following characteristics: at least two points on the outer boundary line of the thin-walled tube on the cross-section have different curvatures; when the cross-section becomes circular, the area enclosed by the thin-walled tube increases; and the circumference of the tube wall remains almost unchanged during the process of the cross-section becoming circular.

[0118] The Variable perimeter device The feature is that the device in cross-section can change its enclosed area by changing its perimeter;

[0119] Preferably, the variable perimeter device is a cylinder made of thin-walled material, and the thin-walled material of the cylinder has overlapping portions in cross-section, and the overlapping portions of thin-walled material can slide relative to each other.

[0120] Furthermore, the support device includes a type VII support device;

[0121] The Type VII support device includes an involute spiral body with a spiral cross-section. The spiral body has a stable shape, and there are gaps between each turn. These gaps can be used as connecting channels between the inner and outer regions of the spiral body.

[0122] Furthermore, the involute helix has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0123] (1) At least one spiral in the involute spiral has the following characteristics: the ratio of the circumference of the spiral to the minimum thickness of the spiral is less than 100, or less than 50, or less than 30, or less than 10.

[0124] (2) At least two adjacent spirals in the spiral have the following characteristics: there is a connecting device between the two spirals;

[0125] When the two adjacent rings are subjected to force, the connecting device can prevent relative movement between the two adjacent rings or reduce the relative movement between the two adjacent rings.

[0126] (3) There are uneven regions on the surface of the spiral body, which are used to increase the adhesion and shear strength between the solid fluid-solid conversion material in contact with it and the surface of the spiral body.

[0127] (4) Adhesive-enhancing pores exist on the surface of the spiral, which are used to increase the adhesion and shear strength between the solid fluid-solid conversion material and the spiral surface;

[0128] (5) In each turn of the spiral, at least one channel hole exists on at least one turn;

[0129] The channel holes are holes on the spiral body, and the size and shape of the holes are suitable for fluid-solid conversion materials in a flowable state to pass through them; the channel holes serve as part of the connecting channel between the inner region and the outer region of the spiral body.

[0130] (6) The materials used to make the spiral are selected from steel plates, iron plates, and fiber-reinforced composite materials;

[0131] (7) The spiral is formed by rolling a sheet material. Before rolling, there are regularly distributed holes on the sheet material. After rolling, these holes are used as connecting channels or part of connecting channels for the support device.

[0132] (8) At least one spiral has the following characteristics: at least one channel hole on this spiral faces a non-porous area on one or both sides of an adjacent spiral, or / and at least one channel hole on this spiral faces a channel hole on one or both sides of an adjacent spiral.

[0133] (9) At least one turn of the spiral has at least one curved region and / or at least one thickened region in the longitudinal section, the curved region and the thickened region each increasing the bending stiffness of the turn of the spiral, the bending stiffness resisting bending moments including bending moments generated by normal stresses appearing in the longitudinal section.

[0134] Furthermore, the selection range of the pressure supply device includes pressurization devices, energy storage devices, and pressurized energy storage devices;

[0135] (1) The pressurizing device is capable of changing and / or maintaining the pressure between its outer surface and the medium in contact with it;

[0136] (2) The energy storage device has the following characteristics.

[0137] When the pressure on the outer surface of the energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device decreases and the energy storage device absorbs energy; or / and when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device increases and the energy storage device releases energy.

[0138] (3) The pressurized energy storage device has the following characteristics A and B.

[0139] The characteristic A is,

[0140] Pressurized energy storage devices are capable of altering and / or maintaining the pressure between their outer surface and the medium in contact with it;

[0141] The characteristic B is,

[0142] Under the condition that other influencing factors remain unchanged, when the pressure on the outer surface of the pressurized energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the device decreases and the pressurized energy storage device absorbs energy; or / and when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the device increases and the pressurized energy storage device releases energy.

[0143] Furthermore:

[0144] (1) The selection range of the pressurization device includes pressurization airbag, pressurization gas-liquid bag, pressurization liquid bag, and self-expanding device;

[0145] (2) The selection range of the energy storage device includes airbags, gas-liquid airbags, energy storage liquid airbags, solid elastomer energy storage devices, and elastic shell energy storage devices. Combined energy storage device ;

[0146] The Combined energy storage device The device is characterized in that it includes a material E with a large elastic deformation and a material S with a large stiffness. The apparent volume deformation of the energy storage device causes shear elastic deformation of material E. A portion of the energy absorbed during the apparent volume deformation will be converted into elastic energy absorbed by material E during the shear deformation. A portion of the energy released during the apparent volume deformation will come from the elastic energy released by material E during the shear deformation.

[0147] (3) The selection range of the pressurized energy storage device includes pressurized airbag, pressurized gas-liquid bag, pressurized energy storage liquid bag, and self-expanding device;

[0148] Preferably, the self-expanding device is a type A self-expanding device; preferably, the type A self-expanding device is a type A1 self-expanding device; preferably, the type A1 self-expanding device is a type A1a or / and type A1b self-expanding device.

[0149] Preferably, the self-expanding device is a type B self-expanding device.

[0150] Furthermore,

[0151] The selection range of airbags used as pressurization devices, energy storage devices, and pressurized energy storage devices includes ordinary airbags, upper limit airbags, lower limit airbags, and dual limit airbags.

[0152] The selection range of the gas-liquid bladder used as a pressurization device, energy storage device, and pressurized energy storage device includes ordinary gas-liquid bladder, upper limit gas-liquid bladder, lower limit gas-liquid bladder, and dual limit gas-liquid bladder.

[0153] The selection range of the liquid bladder used as a pressurizing device, energy storage device, and pressurized energy storage device includes ordinary liquid bladder, upper limit liquid bladder, lower limit liquid bladder, and dual limit liquid bladder; preferably, the liquid bladder is provided with a pipeline connected to a hydraulic source; preferably, the liquid bladder is provided with a pipeline connected to a hydraulic source and an accumulator.

[0154] Furthermore, when the combined volume compensation device works in conjunction with the fluid-solid conversion material, it has the following characteristics I and II;

[0155] (a) The characteristic I is,

[0156] When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state, the connecting channel is suitable for the fluid-solid conversion material to flow through it;

[0157] (ii) The characteristic II is,

[0158] When fluid-solid conversion materials are in a solid state, they have the following properties:

[0159] There exists at least one region P, in which a support device exists; if the following conditions A and / or B are met, the support device and the fluid-solid conversion material form a composite shell; the composite shell is capable of withstanding the pressure transmitted from the surrounding external medium.

[0160] (1) Condition A is,

[0161] The support device is surrounded or enclosed by a fluid-solid conversion material, which has solidified and is bonded to the support device.

[0162] (2) Condition B is,

[0163] The connection channel between the inner and outer regions of the support device is filled with a fluid-solid conversion material that has become solid and is bonded to the support device.

[0164] The fluid-solid conversion material exists in two states: a flowable state and a solid state, and can transition from a flowable state to a solid state.

[0165] Furthermore, the support device, the pressure supply device, and the fluid-solid conversion material have at least one of the following characteristics:

[0166] (1) The apparent bulk modulus of elasticity and apparent bulk deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are much lower than the bulk modulus of elasticity and bulk deformation modulus of the fluid-solid conversion material at any stage. Any stage refers to any stage in the process of the material changing from a flowable state to a solid state with final strength.

[0167] (2) After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies and reaches the design strength, the apparent volumetric elastic modulus and apparent volumetric deformation modulus of the composite shell composed of the fluid-solid conversion material and the support device are much higher than the apparent volumetric elastic modulus and apparent volumetric deformation modulus of the pressure supply device at the same time.

[0168] (3) After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies and reaches the design strength, the composite shell composed of the fluid-solid conversion material and the support device can withstand the maximum pressure exerted by the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure provided by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone at the same time.

[0169] (4) After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies and reaches the design strength, the outer surface of the continuous area of ​​the support device can withstand the maximum pressure applied by the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure provided by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone at the same time.

[0170] (5) After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies and reaches the design strength, the apparent stiffness of the continuous area of ​​the support device is much higher than the apparent stiffness of the pressure supply device at the same time.

[0171] The continuous area refers to the portion without holes and / or gaps.

[0172] (ii) Pressurization devices utilizing osmotic pressure

[0173] A pressurization device utilizing osmotic pressure, comprising a container P, a cavity Q, and a semi-permeable membrane, has the following characteristics: (one)

[0175] (1) A zero-concentration or non-zero-concentration solution exists in the container P, and a non-zero-concentration solution exists in the cavity Q;

[0176] (2) The solvent of the solution in the container P can and can only enter the cavity Q through the semipermeable membrane;

[0177] (3) The osmotic pressure of the solution in cavity Q is greater than zero for at least a certain period of time; (two)

[0179] The cavity Q has at least one of the following two characteristics.

[0180] (1) In the outer shell surrounding the cavity Q, at least a portion of the outer shell has a structure and / or material suitable for the volume of the cavity Q to increase or / or decrease;

[0181] (2) There is a cavity R connected to the cavity Q; in the shell surrounding the cavity R, at least a portion of the shell structure and / or material is adapted to increase or decrease the volume of the cavity R.

[0182] Furthermore, it possesses the following characteristic A and / or characteristic B,

[0183] (1) The feature A is,

[0184] If the volume of cavity Q expands or contracts, the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the shell surrounding cavity Q will also expand or contract accordingly; or,

[0185] If the volume of cavity Q expands or contracts, the space occupied by the shell surrounding cavity Q will expand or contract accordingly.

[0186] (2) Feature B is,

[0187] If the volume of cavity R expands or contracts, the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the shell surrounding cavity R will also expand or contract accordingly; or,

[0188] If the volume of cavity R expands or contracts, the space occupied by the shell surrounding cavity R will expand or contract accordingly.

[0189] Furthermore, it must possess at least the following characteristics A and / or B:

[0190] (1) The feature A is,

[0191] In containers P and Q, the solvents can be selected from water and organic liquid solvents; the solutes can be solid solutes and / or liquid solutes.

[0192] Preferably, the solute comprises one of the following two: (i) a salt and / or an acid, and (ii) a base and / or an acid;

[0193] Preferably, the liquid solute includes alcohol;

[0194] (2) Feature B is,

[0195] (i) The solvent in cavity Q is the same solvent as the solvent in cavity P, or at least a portion of the solvent components are the same; or / and,

[0196] (ii) The composition of the solute in cavity Q is the same as that of the solute in cavity P, or at least part of it is different.

[0197] Furthermore,

[0198] (1) In the cavity Q and / or the cavity R, there is an undissolved solid solute; or / and,

[0199] (2) There is a solute storage tank connected to the container Q by a pipeline, and the solute storage tank contains undissolved solid solute and / or liquid solute.

[0200] Furthermore, a solvent supply pipeline is provided and connected to container P; and,

[0201] (i) When the liquid in container P is a 0-concentration solution.

[0202] In the container, the outlet of the solvent supply pipeline is either above or below the solution surface;

[0203] (ii) When the liquid in container P is a solution containing a solute.

[0204] (1) The inlet of the pipeline is higher than the solution surface and does not come into contact with the solution to prevent the solute from diffusing into the solvent in the pipeline; or,

[0205] (2) Install a solute isolation device near the pipe opening to prevent the solute from diffusing into the solvent in the pipeline;

[0206] Preferably, the solute isolation device is a check valve or a semi-permeable membrane.

[0207] Furthermore, there exist pressure electrical control systems with the following characteristics:

[0208] (1) The solution in container P is a non-zero concentration solution;

[0209] (2) A solvent supply pipeline is installed in container P;

[0210] (3) The system includes a pressure sensor installed in the cavity Q, an electric valve installed on the solvent supply pipeline, and a main control device, wherein the pressure sensor and the electric valve are respectively connected to the main control device through wires;

[0211] When the fluid pressure in cavity Q is less than the first preset value p1, the pressure sensor transmits the pressure signal to the main control device. The main control device sends an opening signal to the electric valve through the wire. After receiving the signal, the electric valve enters the opening state, and the solvent flows into container P.

[0212] When the fluid pressure in cavity Q is greater than the second preset value p2, after the main control device receives the pressure signal from the pressure sensor, it sends a closing signal to the electric valve. After receiving the signal, the electric valve enters the closed state, and the solvent cannot flow into container P.

[0213] Among them, the second preset value p2 is greater than or equal to the first preset value p1.

[0214] Furthermore, there is a hydraulic control system, including a pressure transmission line and a hydraulic valve; one end of the pressure transmission line is located in the cavity Q or R, and the other end is connected to the hydraulic valve;

[0215] When the pressure in cavity Q or R measured by the pressure transmission line is lower than the first preset value p1, the hydraulic valve is in the open state, and the fluid in the solvent supply line flows into container P.

[0216] When the pressure in the pressure transmission line is higher than the second preset value p2, the hydraulic valve is in the closed state, and the fluid in the solvent supply line cannot flow into the container P;

[0217] Wherein, the second preset value p2 is greater than or equal to the first preset value p1.

[0218] Furthermore, a water level control valve is also installed on the solvent supply pipeline to ensure that the liquid level of the solution is lower than the outlet of the solvent supply pipeline;

[0219] When the water level in container P is lower than the preset value, the water level control valve is in the open state, allowing the solvent to flow through the valve; when the water level in container P is higher than the preset value, the water level control valve is in the closed state, preventing the solvent from flowing through the valve.

[0220] The water level control valve and the hydraulic valve are connected in series. When both valves are open, the solvent flows into the cavity P. When one valve is closed, the solvent cannot flow into the cavity P.

[0221] The water level control valve and the electric valve are connected in series. When both valves are open, the solvent flows into the cavity P. When one valve is closed, the solvent cannot flow into the cavity P.

[0222] Furthermore,

[0223] (1) For at least a certain period of time, the solution concentration in cavity Q is higher than or equal to the solution concentration in cavity R;

[0224] (2) There is a check valve between cavity Q and cavity R. The solution in cavity Q can enter cavity R, but the solution in cavity R cannot enter cavity Q.

[0225] (III) Liquid Absorption, Expansion, and Pressurization Device

[0226] A liquid absorption, expansion, and pressurization device includes an expansion material and a liquid guiding channel; wherein,

[0227] (1) The expansion material is capable of absorbing liquid and expanding, or / and is capable of reacting with liquid and expanding;

[0228] (2) The liquid can move along the liquid guiding channel and can enter and leave the liquid guiding channel.

[0229] Furthermore, the expansion device also includes a sealing device that encloses the expansion material and the medium and / or device in which the liquid channel is located.

[0230] Furthermore, the expanding material includes a solid expanding material and / or a liquid expanding material, and the solid expanding material has at least one of the following forms: blocky solid, filamentous solid, granular solid, or a mixture of filamentous solid and granular solid.

[0231] Furthermore, it must possess at least one of the following two characteristics, A and B.

[0232] (a) Feature A is,

[0233] At least a portion of the expanded material exists in the form of a blocky solid, and the blocky solid has at least one of the following two properties:

[0234] (1) If the bulk of the expanding material absorbs the liquid and maintains a constant apparent volume, then the permeability coefficient of the expanding material decreases with time, at least for a certain period of time.

[0235] (2) The expansion material block is subjected to hydrostatic pressure greater than a predetermined value; if the expansion material absorbs liquid, the apparent volume of the expansion material increases with time for at least a certain period of time, or / and the permeability coefficient of the expansion material decreases with time for at least a certain period of time.

[0236] (ii) Feature B is,

[0237] At least a portion of the expanded material exists in a filamentous or / and granular form; a spatial region is filled with filamentous expanded material and / or granular expanded material, the filamentous expanded material and / or granular expanded material constituting... loose material with many pores medium ;

[0238] The loose, porous medium has at least one of the following two characteristics.

[0239] (1) If the bulk porous medium absorbs liquid and maintains a constant apparent volume, then the permeability coefficient of the medium decreases with time, at least for a certain period of time.

[0240] (2) If the bulk porous medium is subjected to a hydrostatic pressure greater than a predetermined value and the medium absorbs liquid, then the apparent volume of the medium increases with time for at least a certain period of time, or / and the permeability coefficient of the medium decreases with time for at least a certain period of time.

[0241] in,

[0242] The hydrostatic pressure on the porous media is the effective hydrostatic pressure, which is the total hydrostatic pressure acting on the porous media minus the fluid pressure therein.

[0243] The apparent volume of the granular porous medium has one of the following three characteristics.

[0244] (i) When the bulk porous medium consists only of filamentous expandable material, the apparent volume of the bulk porous medium is the sum of the following: the sum of the volumes of all the filamentous expandable material and the volume of the voids between the filamentous material.

[0245] (ii) When the bulk porous medium consists only of particulate expanded material, the apparent volume of the bulk porous medium is the sum of the following: the sum of the volumes of all the expanded material particles and the volume of the voids between the particles.

[0246] (iii) When the bulk porous medium includes filamentous expanding material and / or granular expanding material, the apparent volume of the bulk porous medium is the sum of the following: the sum of the volumes of all filamentous objects of the filamentous expanding material, the sum of the volumes of all particles of the granular expanding material, the voids between filamentous expanding materials, the voids between granular expanding materials, and the voids between filamentous and granular expanding materials.

[0247] Before contact with the liquid, the porosity of the expanding porous medium is less than a predetermined value.

[0248] Furthermore, the expanding material includes organic expanding materials and / or inorganic expanding materials;

[0249] The range of organic expansion materials includes water-absorbing resins, water-absorbing rubbers, polyurethane grouting liquids, and compressed wood.

[0250] The range of inorganic expandable materials includes illite, montmorillonite, bentonite, and calcium oxide.

[0251] Furthermore, the expanded material includes at least one of the following:

[0252] (1) a single type of expanding material particles, (2) a mixture of multiple expanding material particles, (3) a mixture of expanding material particles of the same composition and filamentous objects, (4) a mixture of particles of one or more expanding materials and filamentous objects of other types of materials, (5) a block pressed with particles of one or more expanding materials, (6) a block pressed with a mixture of particles of the same expanding material and filamentous objects, (7) a block pressed after mixing particles of at least one expanding material with particles of at least one non-expanding material and / or filamentous objects, (8) a block pressed with filamentous objects of one or more expanding materials, (9) a solid block obtained after mixing particles of at least one expanding material and / or filamentous objects with a solidifiable material.

[0253] in,

[0254] (i) The pressing refers to the extrusion of granular or / and filamentous materials into shape using a mold;

[0255] (ii) When the solidifiable material is mixed with the expandable material particles and / or filamentous objects, the solidifiable material is in a flowable state; when the solidifiable material mixed with the expandable material particles solidifies into a solid at a certain time after the mixing is completed, the solid solidifiable material has water absorption and / or permeability.

[0256] Preferably, the particles of the expanded material have at least one of the following characteristics: (1) the individual particles in the material are distinguishable to the naked eye; (2) the particle size of the individual particles in the material is so small that it cannot be distinguished to the naked eye.

[0257] Furthermore, the expanding material is a liquid expanding material, and has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0258] (1) The liquid expansion material is located in the internal voids of the solid particles or / and the voids between the particles;

[0259] (2) The liquid expansion material is located in the internal voids of the filamentous material or / and in the voids between the filamentous materials;

[0260] (3) The liquid expansion material is located in the voids of the mixture of solid particles and filamentous materials, and the voids include at least one of the following: voids inside the particles, voids inside the filamentous materials, voids between particles, voids between filamentous materials, and voids between particles and filamentous materials.

[0261] Furthermore, the liquid expansion material is a polyurethane grout, and has the following characteristics:

[0262] (1) The process of supplying water to the polyurethane grouting fluid includes several time periods, and the water supply dosage in each time period is controlled within the required range; or,

[0263] (2) In the expansion device, the area containing polyurethane grout is isolated into several areas, and water is supplied to each area containing polyurethane grout according to the designed area sequence and dosage.

[0264] Preferably, each of the areas is supplied with water via a separate fluid channel.

[0265] Furthermore, the fluid guiding channel has at least one of the following five characteristics:

[0266] (i) At least one of the liquid guiding channels is provided by a one-dimensional liquid guiding medium.

[0267] The One-dimensional liquid-conducting mediumThe features are that (1) the length of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is much larger than the diameter of the smallest covering circle of its cross-section, and (2) the liquid is able to move along the length direction inside or / and on the surface of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium.

[0268] (ii) At least one of the liquid guiding channels is provided by a two-dimensional liquid guiding medium.

[0269] The Two-dimensional liquid guiding medium The features are that (1) the length and width of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium are much greater than its thickness, and (2) the liquid can move in at least one direction inside or / and on the surface of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium.

[0270] (iii) At least one of the liquid guiding channels is provided by a three-dimensional liquid guiding medium.

[0271] The three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is a porous, permeable three-dimensional medium in which the liquid can flow in at least one direction within the three-dimensional medium.

[0272] (iv) At least one of the liquid guiding channels is provided by a seepage conduit.

[0273] The seepage conduit has the following characteristics: (1) liquid can flow in the pipe hole, the length of which is equal to the length of the conduit; (2) liquid can seep out from and / or seep into the pipe wall.

[0274] (v) At least one of the liquid guiding channels includes a hole in the expandable material block, or / and a gap between adjacent surfaces of adjacent expandable material blocks.

[0275] Furthermore, it must possess at least one of the following three characteristics: A, B, and C:

[0276] (a) Feature A is,

[0277] The liquid-conducting channel is provided by a one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, which has at least one of the following characteristics.

[0278] (1) The liquid can flow in and out from the end of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium;

[0279] (2) The liquid can enter the interior of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium from the side, or / and flow out of the side of the medium from the interior of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium;

[0280] (3) At least two segments, a and b, in the entire length of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium have the following characteristics: the liquid can flow into the medium from the side of segment a and then flow out from the side of segment b.

[0281] (ii) Feature B is,

[0282] The liquid-conducting channel is provided by a two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, which has at least one of the following characteristics.

[0283] (1) The medium is capable of flowing inside the medium along the length direction, or / and flowing on the surface of the medium along the length direction;

[0284] (2) The liquid is capable of flowing inside the medium along the width direction, or / and flowing on the surface of the medium along the width direction;

[0285] (3) The medium is capable of flowing inside the medium along the thickness direction, or / and flowing on the surface of the medium along the thickness direction;

[0286] (4) The liquid can flow into and out of the medium from an end face perpendicular to the length direction;

[0287] (5) The liquid can flow into and out of the medium from at least one surface perpendicular to the thickness direction.

[0288] (6) The liquid can flow into and out of the medium from a side perpendicular to the width direction;

[0289] (7) On at least one surface perpendicular to the thickness direction, there are at least two regions, A and B, from which the liquid can flow in and out;

[0290] (8) On two surfaces A and B perpendicular to the thickness direction, there is at least region A on surface A and region B on surface B, and the liquid can flow in from region A and flow out from region B;

[0291] (9) There is at least one region A on at least one surface perpendicular to the thickness direction, and at least one region B on a side surface perpendicular to the width direction, wherein the liquid can flow in from region A and out from region B; or / and, the liquid can flow in from region B and out from region A;

[0292] (iii) The aforementioned features are,

[0293] The liquid-conducting channel is provided by a three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, which has at least one of the following characteristics.

[0294] (1) The liquid is able to flow in two or three directions within the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium.

[0295] (2) The liquid is able to flow along the surface of the medium;

[0296] (3) The liquid can flow into and out of the medium from the surface of the medium;

[0297] (4) At least two regions, A and B, exist on the surface of the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, and the liquid can flow into the medium from region A and out from region B; preferably, regions A and B are located at both ends of the medium; preferably, region A is located at one end of the medium and region B is located on the side of the medium; preferably, both regions A and B are located on the side of the medium.

[0298] Furthermore, it must possess at least one of the following three characteristics: A, B, and C:

[0299] (a) Feature A is,

[0300] The liquid guiding channel is provided by a one-dimensional liquid guiding medium, and the selection range of the one-dimensional liquid guiding medium includes: soft fibers, hard fibers and needle-shaped liquid guiding materials;

[0301] in,

[0302] (1) The soft fiber and the hard fiber each exist in at least one of the following forms: a single fiber, a fiber bundle, and a thread spun from the fiber;

[0303] The fiber bundle is a group of multiple fibers arranged side by side, not spun into yarn; in the fiber bundle, and in the yarn spun from the fibers, the liquid channel includes the gap between individual fibers.

[0304] Preferably, the range of soft fibers includes plant fibers, chemical fibers, and animal hair;

[0305] Preferably, the range of hard fibers includes metal fibers, glass fibers, basalt fibers, and carbon fibers;

[0306] (2) The needle-shaped liquid guiding material is a needle-shaped material made of a porous material;

[0307] Preferably, the pores are parallel to or approximately parallel to the length direction of the fiber; preferably, the pores have an outlet on the side of the fiber; preferably, the needle-shaped liquid-conducting material is made of natural material; preferably, the natural material is wood or straw from herbaceous plants or asbestos;

[0308] Preferably, the diameter of the needle-like material is less than 0.1 mm, or between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, or between 0.5 and 1.0 mm, or between 1.0 and 2.0 mm, or greater than 2.0 mm; preferably, the ratio of the length of the needle-like material to its minimum transverse dimension is 1.5 to 5, or 5 to 10, or 10 to 50, or 50 to 100, or greater than 100.

[0309] (ii) Feature B is,

[0310] The liquid-conducting channel is provided by a two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, which is a thin-film liquid-conducting material; the selection range of the thin-film material includes... Fiber thin film material , Porous thin-layer materials , Sandwich-type thin-layer materials and Double-layer thin-walled material material;

[0311] (1) The fiber thin-layer material is a thin-layer material made of fibers, with gaps between the fibers, in which liquid can flow; the fiber thin-layer material has one, two or more layers; the fibers include soft fibers and / or hard fibers;

[0312] (2) The characteristic of the porous thin-layer material is that the thin-layer material has only one layer, and there are a large number of interconnected pores in the material within the thickness of this layer, through which liquid can flow.

[0313] (3) The sandwich-type thin-layer material includes two outer layers and one middle layer; the elastic modulus, tensile strength and compressive strength of the materials used in the two outer layers are greater than predetermined values, and at least one of the thin-layer materials has small pores distributed in a certain pattern; the middle layer contains a large number of voids, and liquid can flow in the middle layer;

[0314] Preferably, the two outer layers are made of thin sheet metal; preferably, the middle layer is made of hard solid particles, hard fibers, or hard fiber mesh.

[0315] (4) The double-layer thin-walled material is characterized in that the material includes two thin-walled materials, the elastic modulus, tensile strength and compressive strength of the two outer materials are greater than predetermined values, at least one of the thin-walled materials has holes distributed in a certain pattern, at least one of the thin-walled materials has a protruding part, and the protruding part protrudes towards the other thin-walled material.

[0316] Preferably, the outer layer material is a thin sheet of low-carbon steel;

[0317] (iii) Feature C is,

[0318] The liquid guiding channel is provided by a three-dimensional liquid guiding medium. The selection range of the three-dimensional liquid guiding medium includes all-fiber three-dimensional medium, shaped particle three-dimensional medium, loose particle three-dimensional medium, loose particle device, shaped fiber particle three-dimensional medium, loose fiber particle three-dimensional medium, and loose fiber particle device.

[0319] in,

[0320] (1) The all-fiber three-dimensional medium includes a number of continuous fibers and / or a number of short fibers;

[0321] (2) The shaped particle three-dimensional medium includes solid particles with connections between them; the medium has a stable shape and is permeable in any direction;

[0322] (3) The three-dimensional medium of the granular particles includes a large number of solid particles, and the liquid can flow in the gaps between the solid particles, and the solid particles can move between each other.

[0323] (4) The granular device includes granular particles and a shaping device, wherein the shaping device is used to determine the shape of the area occupied by the granular particles;

[0324] (5) The three-dimensional medium of the shaped fiber particles includes fibers and solid particles, and there are connections between the particles and between the fibers and particles; the medium has a stable shape and is permeable in any direction;

[0325] (6) The three-dimensional medium of the granular fiber particles includes numerous fibers and solid particles, and the liquid can flow in the gaps between the solid particles, and the solid particles and the particles and fibers can move together.

[0326] (7) The bulk fiber particle device includes fibers, bulk particles and a shaping device, wherein the shaping device is used to determine the shape of the area occupied by the fibers and bulk particles.

[0327] Furthermore,

[0328] (1) In item (a),

[0329] The plant fiber is selected from cotton fiber and yarn spun from cotton fiber, and wood fiber and yarn spun from wood fiber.

[0330] The range of chemical fibers includes chemical fiber monofilaments, chemical fiber bundles, and yarns spun from chemical fibers.

[0331] The animal hair includes individual animal hairs and yarns spun from animal hairs;

[0332] The rigid fiber includes chemical fibers obtained by drawing or spinning, and the diameter of the minimum covering circle of the cross-section of a single chemical fiber is between 0.02 and 0.08 mm, or between 0.08 and 2 mm, or greater than 2 mm.

[0333] At least within a certain range, the side of a single rigid fiber has a groove; when the rigid fiber comes into contact with a solid particle, if the diameter of the solid particle is greater than η times the width of the groove, the groove is not easily occupied by the particle, and the groove becomes a liquid guiding channel, wherein η>1.5; preferably, the single rigid fiber is a hollow fiber, and the pores of the fiber serve as a liquid guiding channel.

[0334] The yarn spun from the fibers includes branched fibers; the branched fibers include trunk fibers and branched fibers, the branched fibers being fine fibers connected to the trunk fibers; the liquid can move along the trunk fibers and then along the branched fibers, eventually reaching a larger area; preferably, the branched fibers are single fibers; preferably, the branched fibers are fine yarns spun from multiple single fibers, the gaps between the single fibers being liquid-conducting channels;

[0335] (2) In item (ii),

[0336] (i) The fiber thin film material includes at least one of the following: fiber fabric and non-woven fiber thin film material;

[0337] The fiber fabric is produced by weaving; the nonwoven fiber thin film material is produced by methods other than weaving.

[0338] The fibers used to make the fiber thin film material include at least one of the following: chemical fibers, plant fibers, animal hair fibers, inorganic non-metallic fibers, metal fibers, and carbon fibers; the fibers include single fibers, fiber bundles, or yarns spun from multiple fibers.

[0339] Preferably, the plant fiber includes cotton fiber, wood fiber, and grass fiber; preferably, the inorganic non-metallic fiber includes glass fiber, basalt fiber, and asbestos fiber.

[0340] Preferably, the nonwoven fiber thin film material includes at least one of the following: nonwoven fabric, paper, and metal felt; preferably, the paper is filter paper.

[0341] (ii) The selection range of the porous thin-layer material includes porous metal sheets, porous polymer sheets, and porous animal leather; preferably, the leather is cowhide, sheepskin, or pigskin;

[0342] (3) In item (iii),

[0343] The all-fiber three-dimensional medium includes at least one of the following four items.

[0344] (i) A continuous bundle of fibers arranged in parallel, with fluid channels including gaps between the continuous fibers;

[0345] Preferably, using Flexible thin-layer materials Wrap the continuous fiber bundle or bind the bundle with fibers;

[0346] (ii) A medium composed of short fibers, the gaps between the short fibers are liquid channels;

[0347] Preferably, using Flexible thin-layer materials Encapsulate the short fibers;

[0348] Preferably, the short fibers are compressed together; preferably, the short fibers are bonded together, with adhesive droplets spread between the fibers, creating gaps between them.

[0349] (iii) The three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is made of fibers woven together;

[0350] (iv) The three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is a geometric shape made of fiber cloth or fiber mesh;

[0351] (3) In item (iii),

[0352] The upper limit of the particle size is 1-10 μm, or 10-70 μm, or 70-600 μm, or 600-1000 μm, or 1-2.5 mm, or 2.5-5 mm, or 5-10 mm, or greater than 10 mm.

[0353] The ratio of the lower limit to the upper limit of the particle size is less than 0.00001, or 0.00001 to 0.0001, or 0.0001 to 0.001, or 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.01 to 0.1, or 0.1 to 0.9, or 0.9 to 1.0.

[0354] Furthermore, it must possess at least one of the following five characteristics:

[0355] (1) When liquid enters the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, the permeability of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium does not decrease significantly with time, or the permeability coefficient is still higher than the predetermined value.

[0356] (2) After the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium encounters liquid, the internal void size and shape do not change or the change is within a certain range; when the liquid flows through the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium at the same speed, the resistance encountered by the liquid does not increase significantly with time, or the resistance is less than a preset value.

[0357] (3) After the liquid enters the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, the permeability inside the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium does not decrease significantly with time, or the permeability coefficient is still higher than the predetermined value.

[0358] (4) After the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium encounters liquid, the internal void size and shape do not change or the change is within a certain range; when the liquid flows through the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium at the same speed, the resistance encountered by the liquid does not increase significantly with time, or the resistance is less than a preset value.

[0359] (5) After the liquid enters the interior of the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, the permeability coefficient inside the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium does not decrease significantly with time, or the permeability coefficient is still higher than the predetermined value.

[0360] Furthermore, it must possess at least one of the following two characteristics:

[0361] (a) Feature A is,

[0362] The device has at least one of the following characteristics.

[0363] (1) At least one end of at least one one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium has the following characteristics: the end face and / or the nearby side face of the one end is in contact with the particulate medium, and liquid in the voids of the particulate medium can enter the channel of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium through the end face and / or the nearby side face, or liquid in the channel of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium can flow out of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium through the end face and / or the nearby side face and enter the voids of the particulate medium.

[0364] (2) At least one segment of a one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium has the following characteristics: the segment of the medium is in contact with the particulate medium, and the liquid in the voids of the particulate medium can enter the channel of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium through the side of the segment of the medium, or the liquid in the channel of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium can flow out of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium through the side of the segment of the medium and enter the voids of the particulate medium.

[0365] (3) At least one end of at least one two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium has the following characteristics: the end face and / or nearby side face of the end is in contact with the particulate medium, and liquid in the voids of the particulate medium can enter the channel of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, or liquid in the channel of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium can flow out of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium and enter the voids of the particulate medium.

[0366] (4) At least one surface region of at least one two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium has the following characteristics: the surface region is in contact with the particulate medium, and liquid in the voids of the particulate medium can pass through the surface region into the channel of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, or liquid in the channel of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium can pass through the surface region out of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium and enter the voids of the particulate medium.

[0367] (5) At least one surface region of at least one three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium has the following characteristics: the surface region is in contact with the particulate medium, and liquid in the voids of the particulate medium can pass through the surface region into the channel of the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, or liquid in the channel of the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium can pass through the surface region out of the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium and enter the voids of the particulate medium.

[0368] (ii) Feature B is,

[0369] The device has at least one of the following characteristics.

[0370] (1) At least one end of at least one one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium has the following characteristics: the end face and / or the nearby side face of the one end are in contact with the expansion material, and liquid in the channel of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium can flow out of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium through the end face and / or the nearby side face and enter the expansion material.

[0371] (2) At least a portion of the side of at least a segment of at least one one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is in contact with the expansion material, and the liquid in the liquid-conducting medium can enter the expansion material through the portion of the side of the segment of medium;

[0372] (3) At least one end of at least one two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium has the following characteristics: the end face and / or nearby side face of the end face are in contact with the expansion material, and liquid in the channel of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium can flow out of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium through the end face and / or nearby side face and enter the expansion material.

[0373] (4) At least one surface region of at least one two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium has the following characteristics: the surface region is in contact with the expanding material, and the liquid in the channel of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium can flow out of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium through the surface region and enter the voids of the particulate medium.

[0374] (5) At least one surface of at least one seepage channel is in contact with the expansion material, and liquid in the seepage channel can seep out of the surface area and into the expansion material;

[0375] (6) At least one surface of at least one seepage conduit is in contact with particulate medium, which is in contact with expansion material, and liquid in the seepage conduit can seep out of the surface into the voids of the particulate medium and then into the expansion material.

[0376] Furthermore, it must possess at least one of the following three characteristics: A, B, and C:

[0377] (a) Feature A is,

[0378] The device contains a single-stage liquid guiding channel; the single-stage liquid guiding channel has one of the following characteristics:

[0379] (1) Each single-stage liquid guiding channel is composed of a liquid guiding channel segment, which is provided by a liquid guiding medium or a liquid guiding device;

[0380] (2) Each single-stage liquid guiding channel includes at least two liquid guiding channels. Any two adjacent liquid guiding channels are connected in series. Each liquid guiding channel is provided by a liquid guiding medium or a liquid guiding device.

[0381] (ii) Feature B is,

[0382] The device contains two-stage liquid guiding channels, each of which includes a main channel and a secondary channel; the liquid first enters the main channel, and then directly enters the expansion material from the main channel, or / and then enters the expansion material from the main channel through the secondary channel.

[0383] (iii) Feature C is,

[0384] The device contains three levels of liquid guiding channels, each of which includes a main channel, a secondary channel, and a tertiary channel.

[0385] The liquid first enters the main channel; then directly enters the expansion material from the main channel, or / and enters the secondary channel from the main channel; then enters the expansion material from the secondary channel, or / and enters the expansion material from the secondary channel through a third-level channel.

[0386] Furthermore, it must possess at least one of the following three characteristics:

[0387] (1) In item (a),

[0388] Each single-stage liquid guiding channel includes at least one of the following: a channel provided by a one-dimensional liquid guiding medium, a channel provided by a two-dimensional liquid guiding medium, a channel provided by a three-dimensional liquid guiding medium, a seepage pipe, a hole in a bulk expansion material, or a gap between adjacent blocks.

[0389] (2) In item (ii),

[0390] The main channel exists at least inside and / or on the surface of one of the following objects: a branched main fiber, a two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, a three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, and a seepage channel;

[0391] The secondary channel exists at least inside and / or on the surface of one of the following objects: branched fibers with forked fibers, one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, and three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium;

[0392] (3) In item (iii),

[0393] The main channel exists at least inside and / or on the surface of one of the following objects: a two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, a three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, and a seepage channel;

[0394] The secondary channel exists at least inside and / or on the surface of one of the following objects: a one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, a two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, or a three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium;

[0395] The third-level channel is provided by a one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium or by branched fibers with forked fibers.

[0396] Furthermore, it must possess at least one of the following characteristics:

[0397] (1) In the medium in which the single-stage liquid guiding channel is located, at least a portion of the side surface and / or at least one end surface of at least one medium is in contact with solid particles, and liquid in the gaps between the solid particles flows into the single-stage liquid guiding channel.

[0398] (2) In a two- or three-stage liquid guiding channel, at least a portion of the side surface and / or at least one end face of the medium in at least one main channel is in contact with solid particles, and liquid in the gaps between the solid particles flows into the main channel;

[0399] (3) In the device where the single-stage liquid guiding channel is located, at least a portion of the side or / and at least one end face of at least one device is in contact with solid particles, and liquid in the gaps between the solid particles flows into the single-stage liquid guiding channel.

[0400] (4) In a two- or three-stage liquid guiding channel, at least a portion of the side or / and at least one end face of the device containing at least one main channel is in contact with solid particles, and liquid in the gaps between the solid particles flows into the main channel;

[0401] (5) The medium or device in which at least one secondary channel with two or three-stage liquid guiding channels is located has the following characteristics: at least one end face and / or nearby side face of the secondary channel is in contact with particulate medium, and liquid in the voids of the particulate medium enters the secondary channel.

[0402] Furthermore, in the expansion device, the types of liquid flow paths include at least one of the following: type A, type B, type C, type D, and type E.

[0403] (iv) Modular volume compensation device 2. Manufacturing method and pressure supply method

[0404] A combined volume compensation device, comprising a support device and a pressure supply device, characterized in that:

[0405] (1) The support device is any of the support devices described above;

[0406] (2) The pressure supply device is any of the pressure-pressurizing devices that utilize osmotic pressure as described above, or any of the liquid absorption expansion pressure-pressurizing devices as described above.

[0407] A method for manufacturing a combined volume compensation device, characterized in that the combined volume compensation device manufactured is any of the combined volume compensation devices described above.

[0408] A method for applying pressure to the surrounding medium using a combined volume compensation device, characterized in that...

[0409] (1) The combined volume compensation device is any of the combined volume compensation devices described above;

[0410] (2) In the process of using the combined volume compensation device to provide pressure, in addition to using the support device and the pressure supply device, a fluid-solid conversion material is also required.

[0411] The fluid-solid transition material is a material that can transition from a fluid state to a solid state;

[0412] (3) The spatial relationship between the support device, the pressure supply device and the fluid-solid conversion material of the combined volume compensation device has the following characteristics.

[0413] A fluid-solid transition material, or / and, is present in at least a portion of the gap between the inner wall of the support device and the outer surface of the pressure supply device.

[0414] At least a portion of the external surrounding space of the support structure contains fluid-solid conversion material;

[0415] (4) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state

[0416] a. If the pressure exerted by the external medium on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support device increases, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the cavity surrounded by the support device through the connecting channel, squeezing the pressure supply device in the cavity and reducing the apparent volume of the pressure supply device; if the pressure exerted by the external medium on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support device and / or in the connecting channel decreases, the apparent volume of the pressure supply device in the cavity increases, pushing the fluid-solid conversion material to flow outside the support device.

[0417] or / and,

[0418] b. When the apparent volume of the pressure supply device increases, the pressure supply device squeezes the fluid-solid conversion material in the internal area of ​​the support device and flows out of the support device through the connecting channel; when the apparent volume of the pressure supply device decreases, if the fluid-solid conversion material around the outside of the support device is subjected to the pressure of the external medium, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the internal area of ​​the support device through the connecting channel.

[0419] (5) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state

[0420] The fluid-solid conversion material is bonded together with the support device to form a composite shell, which can resist the pressure of the external medium.

[0421] (V) Ribbed Profiles

[0422] A ribbed profile includes a tube and longitudinal ribs; at least one section of the tube has at least one longitudinal rib along its length; the longitudinal rib protrudes from the tube wall in cross-section; the tube is referred to as... core pipe .

[0423] Furthermore,

[0424] At least one of the longitudinal ribs is an inwardly extending longitudinal rib, or / and at least one of the longitudinal ribs is Extending longitudinal ribs The inner longitudinal rib is located within the bore of the core tube, and the outer longitudinal rib is located on the outer side of the outer surface of the core tube wall.

[0425] Furthermore, the spatial relationship between at least one extended longitudinal rib and the entire profile in the cross-section has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0426] (1) There is a straight segment in the boundary line of the extended longitudinal rib with the following characteristics: the entire cross section of the profile is located on the same side of the straight line where the straight segment is located; the straight segment in the boundary line of the extended longitudinal rib with the above characteristics is called the straight outer boundary of the profile.

[0427] (2) There is a convex curved segment in the boundary line of the extended longitudinal rib that has one of the following two characteristics, a and b.

[0428] a. There exists at least one straight line L1 that is tangent to the convex curve segment, and all cross sections of the profile are located on the same side of the straight line L1;

[0429] b. Select any straight line L2 that is tangent to the convex curve segment, and all cross sections of the profile are located on the same side of the straight line L2;

[0430] The characteristic of the convex curve segment is that the convex direction of the curve segment is away from the location of the profile;

[0431] (3) There is a convex curve segment in the boundary line of the extended longitudinal rib with the following characteristics: there is at least one regular curve that coincides with the convex curve segment, and the entire cross section of the profile is located on the same side of the regular curve; or / and, there is at least one regular geometric figure whose outline coincides with the convex curve segment, and the entire cross section of the profile is located in the region of the regular geometric figure.

[0432] Preferably, the convex curve segment is an arc, and the regular geometric shape whose outline coincides with the convex curve segment is a circular region; preferably, the convex curve segment is a curve on an ellipse, and the regular geometric shape whose outline coincides with the convex curve segment is an elliptical region; preferably, the convex curve segment is a parabola, and the regular geometric shape whose outline coincides with the inner and outer curve segments is a graphic region containing a parabola.

[0433] (4) There is an inwardly convex curve segment in the boundary line of the longitudinal rib, and the entire cross section of the profile is on the same side of the straight line that coincides with the two endpoints of the inwardly convex curve segment.

[0434] The characteristic of the convex curve segment is that the curve segment convexes towards the location of the profile;

[0435] (5) There is an inwardly convex curve segment in the boundary line of the longitudinal rib, and at least one regular curve that coincides with the outwardly convex curve segment, and the entire cross section of the profile is located on the same side of the regular curve; or / and, there is at least one regular geometric figure whose outline coincides with the inwardly convex curve segment, and the entire cross section of the profile is located outside the regular geometric figure; preferably, the inwardly convex curve segment is a circular arc; preferably, the inwardly convex curve segment is a curve on an ellipse; preferably, the inwardly convex curve segment is a parabola;

[0436] in,

[0437] The statement that the entire cross section of the profile is on the same side of a certain straight line or curve means that the cross section cannot appear on both sides of the straight line or curve at the same time, but the cross section is allowed to have overlapping parts with the straight line or curve.

[0438] Furthermore,

[0439] (i) At least within a certain section of the profile, there are at least two extended longitudinal ribs on the cross-section, wherein the spatial relationship between the two extended longitudinal ribs, labeled as longitudinal rib 1 and longitudinal rib 2, has at least one of the following three characteristics.

[0440] (1) There exists a straight line L that overlaps with both longitudinal rib 1 and longitudinal rib 2, and the cross-section of the profile is on the same side of the straight line L.

[0441] (2) Both extended longitudinal ribs 1 and 2 have straight outer boundaries. These two straight outer boundaries do not overlap, but they both coincide with the same straight line; or,

[0442] (3) The boundary lines of the extended longitudinal rib 1 and the extended longitudinal rib 2 each contain a curve segment. There is no overlap between the two curve segments, but they both coincide with the same regular curve, and the longitudinal rib 1 and the longitudinal rib 2 are both on the same side of the regular curve.

[0443] Preferably, both curved segments coincide with the outer contour of the circle, and the profile is either entirely inside or entirely outside the circle.

[0444] Preferably, both curved segments coincide with the outer contour of the ellipse, and the profile is either entirely inside or entirely outside the ellipse.

[0445] (ii) At least within a certain section of the profile, at least three extended longitudinal ribs appear on the cross-section, wherein the spatial relationship between the three extended longitudinal ribs, labeled as longitudinal rib 1, longitudinal rib 2, and longitudinal rib 3, has the following characteristics.

[0446] (1) Each of the boundary lines of longitudinal rib 1, longitudinal rib 2 and longitudinal rib 3 contains a straight line segment with the following characteristics: there is no overlap between any two of the three straight line segments, but all three straight line segments coincide with the same straight line.

[0447] (2) The boundary lines of longitudinal rib 1, longitudinal rib 2 and longitudinal rib 3 each contain a curve segment with the following characteristics: there is no overlap between any two curve segments among the three curve segments, but the three curve segments coincide with the same regular curve, and longitudinal rib 1, longitudinal rib 2 and longitudinal rib 3 are on the same side of the regular curve.

[0448] Preferably, all three curve segments coincide with the outer contour of the circle, and the profile is either entirely inside or entirely outside the circle.

[0449] Preferably, all three curve segments coincide with the outer contour of the ellipse, and the profile is either entirely inside or entirely outside the ellipse.

[0450] Preferably, all three curve segments coincide with the parabola, and all the profiles are located on the same side of the parabola.

[0451] Furthermore, at least two extended longitudinal ribs appear on the cross-section, wherein the boundary lines of the two longitudinal ribs, labeled longitudinal rib 1 and longitudinal rib 2, respectively contain straight line segments L1 and L2, and the entire cross-section of the profile is located on the same side of the line containing the straight line segment L1, and the entire cross-section of the profile is located on the same side of the line containing the straight line segment L2; and,

[0452] The spatial relationship between line segments L1 and L2 has the following characteristics.

[0453] (1) The extension of line segment L1 is perpendicular to the extension of line segment L2; or,

[0454] (2) The extension of line segment L1 is parallel to the extension of line segment L2; or,

[0455] (3) There is an angle between the extension of line segment L1 and the extension of line segment L2.

[0456] Furthermore, at least one strip-shaped region exists on at least one cross-section of at least one of the longitudinal ribs, the strip-shaped region having the following feature A and / or feature B:

[0457] (a) Feature A is,

[0458] A region A can be divided within the strip-shaped region, and at least one rectangular region R can be constructed corresponding to region A. Regions A and R have the following characteristics.

[0459] (i) The length of the rectangular region R is greater than its width;

[0460] (ii) No part of region A appears outside the rectangular region R;

[0461] (iii) The region A has two non-adjacent boundary lines denoted as line segments L1 and L2, and the rectangular region R has two short boundary lines denoted as line segments L3 and L4. Line segments L1 and L3 have at least one length overlap, and line segments L2 and L4 have at least one length overlap.

[0462] (iv) Region A does not contain any part of other strip regions, nor does it contain the part where the strip region containing Region A intersects with other regions;

[0463] (ii) Feature B is,

[0464] Two boundary lines, L1 and L2, can be found on the boundary of the strip-shaped region, located on opposite sides of the region. The boundary lines L1 and L2 possess at least one of the following characteristics.

[0465] (1) The lengths of boundary line L1 and boundary line L2 are both greater than the diameter of any circle that is between line segments L1 and L2 and is tangent to both L1 and L2.

[0466] (2) The lengths of boundary line L1 and boundary line L2 are both greater than the width of the smallest convex quadrilateral that can accommodate the area between boundary lines L1 and L2.

[0467] (3) The lengths of boundary line L1 and boundary line L2 are each greater than the width of the region between the outer envelopes of L1 and L2; L1 and L2 are located between their outer envelopes;

[0468] (4) The lengths of boundary line L1 and boundary line L2 are both greater than the distance from any point on L1 to L2;

[0469] (5) The lengths of boundary line L1 and boundary line L2 are both greater than the distance from any point on L2 to L1;

[0470] The distance between a point P and a line segment L means that among all points on line segment L, there can always be a point Q with the following characteristics: the distance between point Q and point P is less than or equal to the distance between any point on line segment L and point P. The distance between point P and point Q is the distance between point P and line segment L. The selection range of line segment L includes straight lines, curves, and line segments composed of straight lines and curves.

[0471] Furthermore, at least one longitudinal rib has two or more strip regions on at least one cross section, wherein at least two adjacent strip regions A and B have one of the following characteristics.

[0472] (1) The end of strip region A intersects with the end of strip region B; two adjacent strip regions using this combination are called L-shaped strip regions;

[0473] (2) The end of strip region A intersects with the long boundary of strip region B, and the intersection is located between the two ends of region B; two adjacent strip regions using this combination are called pan-T-shaped strip regions.

[0474] Furthermore,

[0475] At least one length of the longitudinal rib is a pan-L-shaped longitudinal rib, or / and at least one length of the longitudinal rib is a pan-T-shaped longitudinal rib;

[0476] The characteristic of the L-shaped longitudinal rib is that, in cross-section, a longitudinal rib contains only two strip regions, and these strip regions are L-shaped strip regions.

[0477] The characteristic of the L-shaped longitudinal rib is that, in cross-section, each longitudinal rib contains only two strip regions, which are L-shaped strip regions.

[0478] Furthermore,

[0479] The aforementioned L-shaped strip region is a standard L-shaped strip region; the characteristic of the standard L-shaped strip region is that the axis or long boundary line of strip region A is perpendicular to the axis or long boundary line of strip region B;

[0480] The aforementioned T-shaped strip region is a standard T-shaped strip region; the standard T-shaped strip region is characterized in that the axis or long boundary line of strip region A is perpendicular to the axis or long boundary line of strip region B;

[0481] The aforementioned L-shaped longitudinal rib is a standard L-shaped longitudinal rib; the standard L-shaped longitudinal rib is characterized in that, in the cross-section, the axis or long boundary line of strip region A is perpendicular to the axis or long boundary line of strip region B.

[0482] The aforementioned T-shaped longitudinal rib is a standard T-shaped longitudinal rib; the standard T-shaped longitudinal rib is characterized in that, on the cross-section, the axis or long boundary line of strip region A is perpendicular to the axis or long boundary line of strip region B.

[0483] Furthermore, the profile has at least one of the following characteristics on at least one section of its cross-section:

[0484] (1) At least one of the aforementioned L-shaped longitudinal ribs is an extended longitudinal rib, and there is a straight line segment in its boundary line, which is the straight outer boundary of the profile.

[0485] (2) At least one of the aforementioned T-shaped longitudinal ribs is an extended longitudinal rib, and there is a straight line segment in its boundary line, which is the straight outer boundary of the profile.

[0486] (3) At least one of the standard L-shaped longitudinal ribs is an extended longitudinal rib, and there is a straight line segment in its boundary line, which is the straight outer boundary of the profile;

[0487] (4) At least one of the standard T-shaped longitudinal ribs is an extended longitudinal rib, and there is a straight line segment in its boundary line, which is the straight outer boundary of the profile;

[0488] Furthermore, at least two longitudinal ribs on the cross-section of at least one section of the profile have at least one of the following two characteristics:

[0489] (a) Feature A is,

[0490] In cross-section, each of the two longitudinal ribs has an end strip-shaped region, and the spatial relationship between the two end strip-shaped regions has at least one of the following three characteristics.

[0491] (1) In cross-section, the axes of the two end strip regions are each straight lines, and the included angle between the two axes is between 15° and 120°.

[0492] (2) In the cross section, the axes of the two end strip regions are curve L1 and curve L2, respectively, and the angle between the tangent of at least one end of curve L1 and the tangent of at least one end of curve L2 is between 15° and 120°.

[0493] (3) In cross-section, the axis of one of the end strip regions is a straight line L3, and the axis of the other end strip region is a curve L4, wherein the angle between the straight line L3 and the tangent at at least one end of the curve L4 is between 15° and 120°.

[0494] (ii) Feature B is,

[0495] It has at least one of the following two characteristics,

[0496] (1) At least one outwardly extending positive L-shaped longitudinal rib and an adjacent outwardly extending reverse L-shaped longitudinal rib have the following characteristics: the angle between the axis of symmetry or long boundary of the root strip area of ​​one longitudinal rib and the axis of symmetry or long boundary line of the root strip area of ​​the other longitudinal rib is between 15° and 90°; in the boundary line of the end strip area of ​​the two longitudinal ribs, there is a straight line segment that is the straight outer boundary of the profile and coincides with the same straight line.

[0497] (2) At least two extended T-shaped longitudinal ribs have the following characteristics: the angle between the axis of symmetry or long boundary of the root strip area of ​​one longitudinal rib and the axis of symmetry or long boundary of the root strip area of ​​the other longitudinal rib is between 15° and 90°; in the boundary line of the end strip area of ​​the two longitudinal ribs, there is a straight line segment that is the straight outer boundary of the profile and coincides with the same straight line.

[0498] in,

[0499] The characteristic of the root strip-shaped region is that one end of the strip-shaped region on the cross-section is connected to... core pipe Outer surface junction;

[0500] The terminal strip region has the following characteristics.

[0501] (1) When a longitudinal rib on the cross-section is a strip-shaped region, the strip-shaped region is the end strip-shaped region;

[0502] (2) When a longitudinal rib in the cross-section contains at least two strip-shaped regions, the end strip-shaped region has one of the following two characteristics.

[0503] (i) In cross-section, one end of the terminal strip region intersects with the core tube or with another strip region, and the other end does not intersect with any region;

[0504] (ii) In cross-section, the two ends of the terminal strip region do not intersect with any region, and the terminal strip region only intersects with another strip region or the core tube on one side.

[0505] Furthermore, at least one region P in the cross-section is connected to two or more extended longitudinal ribs, and the spatial relationship between said region and the profile has one of the following characteristics:

[0506] (1) There is a straight line segment in the boundary line of the region P with the following characteristics: the entire cross section of the profile is located on the same side of the straight line segment; the straight line segment in the boundary line of the extended longitudinal rib with the above characteristics is called the straight outer boundary of the profile.

[0507] (2) There is a convex curve segment in the boundary line of the region P with the following characteristics: at least one straight line L is tangent to the convex curve segment, and all the cross sections of the profile are on the same side of the straight line L.

[0508] (3) There is a convex curve segment in the boundary line of the region P with the following characteristics: if any straight line L is selected that is tangent to the convex curve segment, the entire cross section of the profile is on the same side of the straight line L.

[0509] The characteristic of the convex curve segment is that the convex direction of the curve segment is away from the location of the profile;

[0510] (4) There is a convex curve segment in the boundary line of the region P with the following characteristics: there is at least one regular geometric figure whose outline coincides with the convex curve segment, and the entire cross section of the profile is located in the region of the regular geometric figure.

[0511] Preferably, the convex curve segment is an arc, and the regular geometric shape whose outline coincides with the convex curve segment is a circular region; preferably, the convex curve segment is a curve on an ellipse, and the regular geometric shape whose outline coincides with the convex curve segment is an elliptical region; preferably, the convex curve segment is a parabola, and the regular geometric shape whose outline coincides with the convex curve segment is a region containing a parabola.

[0512] (5) There is an inwardly convex curve segment in the boundary line of the region P, and the entire cross section of the profile is on the same side of the straight line that coincides with the two endpoints of the inwardly convex curve segment.

[0513] The characteristic of the convex curve segment is that the curve segment convexes towards the location of the profile;

[0514] (6) There is an inwardly convex curve segment in the boundary line of the region P, and there is at least one regular geometric figure whose outline coincides with the outwardly convex curve segment, and the entire cross section of the profile is located outside the regular geometric figure.

[0515] Preferably, the convex curve segment is a circular arc; preferably, the convex curve segment is a curve on an ellipse; preferably, the convex curve segment is a parabola.

[0516] Furthermore, the profile is

[0517] The profile includes at least two core tubes, A and B, which are located on the outer side of each other; there is at least one connecting longitudinal rib between core tubes A and B; the connecting longitudinal rib connects core tubes A and B together, and the connecting longitudinal rib is an outward extending longitudinal rib for both core tubes A and B.

[0518] Furthermore, it must possess at least one of the following two characteristics:

[0519] (1) There are at least two connecting longitudinal ribs between the core tube A and B, and only one connecting longitudinal rib or no connecting longitudinal rib appears on any cross section of the profile;

[0520] Preferably, the projections of the two connecting longitudinal ribs along the axial direction of the profile overlap or do not overlap;

[0521] (2) At least two connecting longitudinal ribs appear simultaneously on the cross section of at least one section of the profile along its entire length.

[0522] Preferably, at least one end of each of the two connecting longitudinal ribs is located on the same cross-section.

[0523] Furthermore,

[0524] The profile includes an inner tube and an outer tube, with at least one longitudinal rib between the inner tube and the outer tube. In cross-section, one end of the longitudinal rib is connected to the inner tube, and the other end of the longitudinal rib is connected to the outer tube. The longitudinal rib is an outward longitudinal rib of the inner tube and also an inward longitudinal rib of the outer tube.

[0525] Furthermore, it must possess at least one of the following two characteristics:

[0526] (1) The feature A is,

[0527] The range of possible cross-sections for the outer tube includes,

[0528] Circles, ovals, polygons, rounded polygons, figures enclosed by multiple curves, and convex figures enclosed by straight lines and curves;

[0529] (2) Feature B is,

[0530] The range of possible cross-sections for the outer tube includes,

[0531] Circles, ovals, polygons, rounded polygons, figures enclosed by multiple curves, and convex figures enclosed by straight lines and curves.

[0532] Furthermore, at least one region on at least one of the longitudinal ribs has the following characteristics: when welding is performed in the region, the temperature of the core tube of the profile is lower than a predetermined temperature value; when the temperature after being raised is lower than the predetermined value, the strength of the core tube material is still higher than the predetermined strength value after the temperature is reduced.

[0533] Furthermore, at least one of the longitudinal ribs is used for connection;

[0534] Preferably, the connection is between two ribbed profiles; preferably, the connection is between the ribbed profile and other steel structures; preferably, the connection is between the ribbed profile and concrete.

[0535] (vi) Tubular components

[0536] A tubular component comprising part A and part B;

[0537] (i) Part A surrounds a cavity, and Part B fills the cavity;

[0538] (ii) Part B includes fluid-solid conversion materials, which are materials that can change from a flowable state to a solid state;

[0539] (iii) Part A includes (1) ribbed profiles and / or unribbed tubing, and (2) sealing device and / or sealing assembly device;

[0540] The ribbed profile is any of the ribbed profiles described above, and the unribbed tube is a tube without ribs.

[0541] The sealing device is used to seal the pipe hole at the end of the profile or / and the pipe hole at the end of the pipe; the sealing assembly device can seal the pipe hole and can be connected or assembled with other devices.

[0542] Furthermore,

[0543] The nominal strength of the equivalent short column of the tubular element is 50-80 MPa, or 80-100 MPa, or 100-150 MPa, or 150-200 MPa, or 200-250 MPa, or 250-300 MPa, or 300-350 MPa, or 350-400 MPa, or greater than 400 MPa;

[0544] The equivalent short column Nominal strength Equal to, using Equivalent short column The measured maximum axial compressive load is divided by the cross-sectional area of ​​the equivalent short column;

[0545] The equivalent short column of the tubular element consists of a core tube of a profile and its internal filling material, and satisfies a length-to-diameter ratio between 2 and 4; the diameter includes the cross-sectional area of ​​the equivalent short column. Minimum Covering Circle diameter and / or Maximum coverage round The diameter;

[0546] The smallest covering circle S1 of a planar figure Q is the circle with the smallest diameter in set C1; the set C1 is a circle with the following characteristics, in which no part of the planar figure Q appears outside the circle; the largest covered circle S2 of a planar figure Q is the circle with the largest diameter in set C2; the set C2 is a circle with the following characteristics, in which no part of the circle appears outside the planar figure Q2.

[0547] Furthermore, at least during a certain period of time, at least one of the following eight items (a to h) exists in at least one cavity filled with material B.

[0548] a. One or more combined volume compensation devices;

[0549] b. Remnants of one or more combined volume compensation devices;

[0550] c. At least one blank area where no device or material exists, which was previously occupied by the combined volume compensation device;

[0551] d. One or more independent pressure supply devices,

[0552] e. Remnants of one or more independent pressurization devices;

[0553] f. At least one blank area, in which no device or material exists, which was previously occupied by the independent pressure supply device;

[0554] g. At least one blank area filled with a device or material, which was previously occupied by the independent pressure supply device;

[0555] h. One or more auxiliary load-bearing devices;

[0556] (ii) Among them,

[0557] (1) The combined volume compensation device is any of the combined volume compensation devices described above;

[0558] (2) The independent pressure supply device is a pressure supply device used alone, without any supporting device; the independent pressure supply device is any of the pressure supply devices described above; or any of the pressure supply devices that utilize osmotic pressure as described above; or any of the liquid absorption expansion pressure supply devices as described above.

[0559] (3) The auxiliary bearing device is used to share the axial load borne by the tubular component;

[0560] Preferably, the auxiliary load-bearing device is a structural steel or a solid block or / and device with higher compressive strength than the material in part B.

[0561] (4) The remnants of the combined volume compensation device are a part, several parts or all of the device, but the device has lost its function;

[0562] (5) The remnant of the independent pressure supply device is a part, several parts or all of the device, but it has lost the function of the pressure supply device.

[0563] Furthermore, the cavity in the profile contains M types of material B, namely B1, B2…B i B i+1 ...B M The materials each occupy different spatial regions; M is greater than or equal to 1.

[0564] Furthermore, in the cavity of the profile, the material of portion B has at least one of the following characteristics I to III:

[0565] (i) Feature I is that the material in part B has at least one of the following features A and B:

[0566] (1) The feature A is,

[0567] There exists at least one m and one n, where 1≤m≤M, 1≤n≤M, M≥2, and m≠n, and there exists at least one time period corresponding to m and n; within this time period, there exists a relationship with B. m Compared to other materials, B n The material has relatively high fluidity;

[0568] (2) Feature B is,

[0569] There exists at least one m and one n, where 1≤m≤M, 1≤n≤M, M≥2, and m≠n, corresponding to the B. m and B n The material has the following properties:

[0570] (i) the B n The end of the flowable state of the material is later than or equal to B. m The end of the flowable state of the material is earlier than B. m The moment when the inflection point of material volume shrinkage occurs; or,

[0571] (ii) The B n The material's flowability ends later than or equal to B. m The moment when the material volume shrinkage inflection point occurs;

[0572] (ii) Feature II is that there exists at least one k, 1≤k≤M, corresponding to B kThe material must possess at least one of the following characteristics: A, B, or C.

[0573] (1) The feature A is,

[0574] Within the cavity enclosed by part A, there exists at least one region Q1, and region Q1 is entirely contained within part B. k The material occupies; when B k When the material is in a flowable state, during one or more time periods, or throughout the entire process, B in region Q1 k The material has the following characteristics,

[0575] a. B in region Q1 k The material is subjected to compressive stress higher than normal pressure, or / and,

[0576] b. B in region Q1 k The material's temperature is higher than room temperature;

[0577] (2) Characteristic B is,

[0578] Within the cavity enclosed by part A, there exists at least one region Q2, and region Q2 is entirely contained within part B. k The material occupies; in the B k During the solidification process of a material transitioning from a flowable state to a solid state, within one, several, or the entire timeframe, the B in region Q2... k The material has the following properties:

[0579] a. B in region Q2 k The material contains compressive stress, pre-compressive stress, or residual pre-compressive stress, and / or,

[0580] b. B in region Q2 k The material's temperature is higher than room temperature;

[0581] (3) Characteristic C is,

[0582] Within the cavity enclosed by part A, there exists at least one region Q3, and region Q3 is entirely contained within part B. k The material occupies; when the B mentioned k After the material solidifies, it exhibits the following characteristics during one or more time periods:

[0583] a. B in region Q3 k The material contains compressive stress, pre-compressive stress, or residual pre-compressive stress, or / and,

[0584] b. B in region Q3 k The material's temperature is higher than room temperature;

[0585] (iii) Feature III is,

[0586] There exist at least one i and one j, where 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤M, M≥2, and i≠j, corresponding to B. i Materials and B j Adjacent materials; the relationship between them has one of the following characteristics,

[0587] (1) The B i Material facing B j Any boundary surface on one side of the material only contacts the isolation device and not the B. j Material contact;

[0588] (2) In the B i Material facing B j On the boundary surface of one side of the material, a portion of B i The material boundary surface only contacts the isolation device, not B. j Material contact; and part of B i Materials and B j Materials in direct contact;

[0589] (3) The B i Material facing B j The material is on one side with B j Materials are in direct contact.

[0590] Preferably, the isolation device is a thin-sheet iron cylinder, B i The material is located inside the cylinder, B j The material is located on the outside of the cylinder; preferably, the upper and lower ends of the cylinder are sealed, with a feed inlet at the upper end. i No boundary surface of the material is in contact with B j Materials are in direct contact; preferably, the upper end of the cylinder is not sealed. i The upper part of the material is with B j The upper end of the material is in direct contact.

[0591] Furthermore, in region Q3, the B k The material must undergo at least one of the following temperature histories during the curing process:

[0592] (1) The temperature ranges from 20 to 90℃ for a certain period of time;

[0593] (2) The temperature is between 90 and 97°C for a certain period of time;

[0594] (3) The temperature ranges from 97 to 250℃ for a certain period of time;

[0595] (4) The temperature is between 250 and 300℃ for a certain period of time;

[0596] (5) When the temperature is between 250 and 300℃ for a certain period of time, B k The hydrostatic pressure on the material is higher than a preset value to prevent high temperature from causing B. k Material strength is reduced;

[0597] (6) When the temperature is between 300 and 400℃ for a certain period of time, B k The hydrostatic pressure on the material is higher than a preset value to prevent high temperature from causing B. k Material strength decreases, or the material bursts or cracks.

[0598] Furthermore,

[0599] Part A includes a trunk tube and an end sealing device, wherein the sealing device seals the tube holes at both ends of the trunk tube, and the tube holes at both ends that are sealed become the cavity.

[0600] The trunk tube is the part of the tube that occupies the largest proportion of the length in section A, and the sealing device is a device that seals both ends of the trunk tube;

[0601] Preferably, the torso tube is a tube containing only one cavity; preferably, the torso tube is a tube containing two or more cavities.

[0602] Furthermore, at least one section of the torso tube has no longitudinal ribs, or / and at least one section of the torso tube has longitudinal ribs, throughout the entire length of the torso tube.

[0603] Furthermore, the torso tube has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0604] (1) There are uneven areas at least in some areas of the outer surface of the tube wall of the trunk tube, or / and at least in some areas of the surface of the longitudinal ribs.

[0605] (2) Studs are provided in at least certain areas of the outer surface of the tube wall of the trunk tube, or / and at least certain areas of the surface of the longitudinal ribs;

[0606] (3) Small holes and / or large holes shall be provided in at least some areas of the longitudinal ribs;

[0607] (4) At least some areas of the longitudinal ribs are provided with notches;

[0608] The above features can increase the bonding performance between tubular components and fluid-solid conversion materials.

[0609] Furthermore, a simple sealing device or a sealing assembly device is provided at each end of the trunk tube;

[0610] The simple sealing device is only used to seal the end of the trunk tube;

[0611] The sealing assembly device has two functions: (1) sealing the end of the trunk tube; (2) connecting the ends of two tubular components and assembling the two tubular components together. After assembly, the axes of the two tubular components overlap or are parallel to each other, or there is a certain angle between the axes of the two basic components.

[0612] Furthermore, it must possess at least one of the following characteristics:

[0613] (1) In the simple plugging device, a type I plugging method, a type II plugging method, or a type III plugging method is adopted;

[0614] (2) In the sealing assembly device, one end adopts a type I, type II, or type III sealing method; the other end adopts a type P, type Q, or type R assembly connection device.

[0615] (3) In the sealing assembly device, one end is sealed by welding, and the other end is assembled by a P-type, Q-type, or R-type assembly connection device.

[0616] Preferably, a type I sealing method is combined with a type P assembly connection device, or a type II sealing method is combined with a type Q assembly connection device, or a type III sealing method is combined with a type R assembly connection device, or a type I sealing method is combined with a type Q assembly connection device, or a type II sealing method is combined with a type P assembly connection device.

[0617] in,

[0618] (1) The characteristics of the type I plugging method are: the plugging device includes a transition tube and a plugging cap; the transition tube has a round hole with internal threads or external threads on the outer wall of the tube, one end of the transition tube is connected to the end of the trunk tube, and the round hole of the transition tube is connected to the cavity of the trunk tube; the plugging cap is connected to the transition tube by threads.

[0619] (2) The characteristic of the type II sealing method is that the device used includes a transition pipe and a sealing cap. One end of the transition pipe is connected to the end of part A, and the other end of the pipe wall is provided with a number of bolt holes with internal threads. The sealing cap is connected to the transition pipe by bolts, and the bolts are screwed into the bolt holes of the transition pipe.

[0620] (3) The type III sealing method is that a flange is welded to the end of the body tube of the tubular component, and the sealing plate is connected to the flange with bolts.

[0621] (4) The characteristic of P-type assembly connection is that the adjacent ends of the two tubular components that need to be longitudinally connected have Group Install connector The assembly connection ends all have external threads, and two assembly connection ends are connected together by a sleeve with internal threads.

[0622] (5) The Q-type assembly connection device is characterized in that: the ends of the two tubular components that need to be connected together have assembly connection ends, the assembly connection ends have bolt holes, and the two assembly connection ends are connected together by bolts.

[0623] (6) The R-type assembly connection device is characterized by having a flange welded to the end of the body tube of the tubular component, the sealing plate being bolted to the flange, the bolt holes of the sealing plate having countersunk holes, and the same bolt being used to connect the end of another tubular component after connecting the flange and the sealing plate.

[0624] (vii) Manufacturing method of tubular components

[0625] A method for manufacturing a tubular component, characterized by the following features:

[0626] (a) The method includes the following steps.

[0627] (1) Obtain part A with a cavity.

[0628] (2) Fill the cavity with material B;

[0629] The material in part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, which is in a flowable state during the filling process.

[0630] (ii) Wherein, part A includes,

[0631] (1) Ribbed profiles and / or unribbed tubes

[0632] (2) A sealing device and / or a sealing assembly device;

[0633] The ribbed profile is any of the ribbed profiles described above, and the unribbed tube is a tube;

[0634] The sealing device is used to seal the pipe hole at the end of the profile or the pipe end; the sealing assembly device can seal the pipe hole and can be connected or assembled with other devices.

[0635] Furthermore,

[0636] In step (2), at least one of the following three devices is placed in the cavity: a combined volume compensation device, an independent pressure supply device, and an auxiliary bearing device.

[0637] in,

[0638] (1) The combined volume compensation device is any of the combined volume compensation devices described above;

[0639] (2) The independent pressure supply device is a pressure supply device used alone, without any supporting device; the independent pressure supply device is any of the pressure supply devices described above; or any of the pressure supply devices that utilize osmotic pressure as described above; or any of the liquid absorption expansion pressure supply devices as described above.

[0640] (3) The auxiliary bearing device is used to share the axial load borne by the tubular component.

[0641] Furthermore, after step (2) is completed, or at some point after step (2) is completed, at least one of the following two items must also be completed:

[0642] (1) During at least one time period, control the pressure of part B material in at least one region of the cavity to make the pressure higher than normal pressure;

[0643] (2) During at least one time period, control the temperature of part B material in at least one region of the cavity to be higher than normal temperature.

[0644] Furthermore, the cavity in the profile contains M types of material B, namely B1, B2…B i B i+1 ...B M The materials each occupy different spatial regions; M is greater than or equal to 1.

[0645] Furthermore, in the cavity of the profile, the material of portion B has at least the following characteristic I or characteristic II:

[0646] (i) Feature I is that the material in part B has at least one of the following features A and B:

[0647] (1) The feature A is,

[0648] There exists at least one m and one n, where 1≤m≤M, 1≤n≤M, M≥2, and m≠n, and there exists at least one time period corresponding to m and n; within this time period, there exists a relationship with B. m B i Compared to other materials, B n The material has relatively high fluidity;

[0649] (2) Feature B is,

[0650] There exists at least one m and one n, where 1≤m≤M, 1≤n≤M, M≥2, and m≠n, corresponding to the B. m B i and B n The material has the following properties:

[0651] (i) the B nThe end of the flowable state of the material is later than or equal to B. m The end of the flowable state of the material is earlier than B. m The moment when the inflection point of material volume shrinkage occurs; or,

[0652] (ii) The B n The material's flowability ends later than or equal to B. m The moment when the material volume shrinkage inflection point occurs.

[0653] (ii) Feature II is that there exists at least one k, 1≤k≤M, corresponding to B k B i The material must possess at least one of the following characteristics: A, B, or C.

[0654] (i) The feature A is,

[0655] Within the cavity enclosed by part A, there exists at least one region Q1, and region Q1 is entirely contained within part B. k The material occupies; when B k When material B1 is in a flowable state, within one or more time periods, or throughout the entire process, the amount of B in region Q1... k B i The material has the following characteristics,

[0656] a. B in region Q1 k The material is subjected to compressive stress higher than normal pressure, or / and,

[0657] b. B in region Q1 k B i The material's temperature is higher than room temperature;

[0658] (ii) Feature B is,

[0659] Within the cavity enclosed by part A, there exists at least one region Q2, and region Q2 is entirely contained within part B. k The material occupies; in the B k During the solidification process of a material transitioning from a flowable state to a solid state, within one, several, or the entire timeframe, the B in region Q2... k The material has the following properties:

[0660] a. B in region Q2 k The material contains compressive stress, pre-compressive stress, or residual pre-compressive stress, or / and,

[0661] b. B in region Q2 k B i The material's temperature is higher than room temperature;

[0662] (iii) Characteristic C is,

[0663] Within the cavity enclosed by part A, there exists at least one region Q3, and region Q3 is entirely contained within part B. k The material occupies; when the B mentioned k After the material solidifies, it has the following properties:

[0664] a. B in region Q3 k The material contains compressive stress, pre-compressive stress, or residual pre-compressive stress, or / and,

[0665] b. B in region Q3 k B i The material's temperature is higher than room temperature.

[0666] (viii) Composite components

[0667] A sort of Composite components The characteristic is that at least one section of the member contains at least one tubular element along its entire length; the tubular element is any of the tubular elements described above, or a tubular element manufactured using any of the methods described above.

[0668] Furthermore, at least one of the following two items also exists in the cross-section of the said component segment:

[0669] (1) Cross-section of the solid device,

[0670] The solid device is capable of withstanding loads;

[0671] (2) The cross-section of the space occupied by the fluid-solid conversion material.

[0672] Furthermore, the segment member has at least one of the following two characteristics:

[0673] (1) The solid device includes profiles and / or sub-components; the sub-component is a component, which is a component when it exists independently;

[0674] (2) The fluid-solid conversion material is selected from cement-based materials, solidifiable polymer materials, mixtures of solidifiable polymer materials and solid particles, and cement-based materials containing polymer materials; the cement-based materials contain cement that participates in hydration.

[0675] Furthermore, the segment member has at least one of the following three characteristics:

[0676] (1) The selection range of the profiles includes: sheet metal, H-shaped cross-section profiles, T-shaped cross-section profiles, L-shaped cross-section profiles, U-shaped cross-section profiles, cross-shaped cross-section profiles, grid-shaped cross-section profiles, corner-missing grid-shaped cross-section profiles, and pipes;

[0677] Preferably, the pipe is selected from polygonal pipes, rounded polygonal pipes, and pipes whose outer contour contains straight lines and / or curves;

[0678] Preferably, the profile is a steel section;

[0679] (2) The sub-components are selected from steel structure components, reinforced concrete components, and composite structure components;

[0680] (3) The cement-based material is selected from cement mortar, concrete, and reactive powder concrete.

[0681] Furthermore, it must possess at least one of the following three characteristics: A, B, and C:

[0682] (a) Feature A is that the component is a parallel component;

[0683] The parallel component is characterized in that at least one segment of the component along its entire length has one of the following characteristics:

[0684] (1) There are two or more tubular elements in the cross-section;

[0685] (2) There are one or more tubular elements and one or more solid devices in the cross-section.

[0686] (ii) Feature B is that the component is a composite component;

[0687] The composite component is characterized in that at least one segment of the component along its entire length has the following characteristics.

[0688] The cross-section contains at least one tubular element and at least one fluid-solid conversion material;

[0689] (iii) Feature C is that the component is a general composite component;

[0690] The composite component is characterized in that at least one segment of the component along its entire length has the following characteristics.

[0691] The cross-section contains at least one tubular element, at least one solid device, and at least one fluid-solid conversion material.

[0692] Furthermore, it must possess at least one of the following three characteristics: A, B, and C:

[0693] (a) Feature A is,

[0694] The parallel component has at least one of the following two characteristics.

[0695] (1) There is a connection between at least one tubular element and at least one other tubular element;

[0696] (2) There is a connection between at least one tubular element and at least one solid device;

[0697] (ii) Feature B is,

[0698] In the composite component, at least a portion of the surface of at least one tubular element is in contact with the fluid-solid conversion material;

[0699] (iii) Feature C is,

[0700] The generalized composite component has at least one of the following characteristics.

[0701] (1) At least one tubular element is connected to at least one other tubular element;

[0702] (2) There is a connection between at least one tubular component and at least one profile;

[0703] (3) There is a connection between at least one tubular component and at least one sub-component;

[0704] (4) At least a portion of the surface of at least one tubular element is in contact with the fluid-solid conversion material;

[0705] (5) There is at least one such tubular element, which is surrounded by a fluid-solid conversion material in cross-section;

[0706] (6) There is at least one such tubular element, which is surrounded by a fluid-solid conversion material in cross-section; and the tubular element is not connected to any other tubular element or to any solid device, regardless of the connecting effect of the fluid-solid conversion material.

[0707] in,

[0708] The connection includes direct connection and / or indirect connection; if two objects A and B are connected, the direct connection is characterized in that after the connection, the two objects A and B are in direct contact, or the distance between them is zero, or the distance between them is very small; the indirect connection is characterized in that after the connection, the distance between the two objects A and B is much greater than the distance of the direct connection.

[0709] Preferably, the specific method of connecting the two objects includes at least one of the following: welding, bolting, riveting, rivet bolting, and adhesive bonding; preferably, the welding includes at least one of the following: continuous weld, intermittent weld, and plugging weld.

[0710] Furthermore, in the parallel components, any tubular element has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0711] (1) The tubular element is connected to at least one other tubular element, the connection being a direct connection and / or an indirect connection;

[0712] (2) The tubular element is connected to at least one profile, and the connection is a direct connection or / and an indirect connection;

[0713] (3) The tubular element is connected to at least one sub-component, and the connection is a direct connection or / and an indirect connection.

[0714] Furthermore, in the parallel components,

[0715] (1) The parallel component is a column, and is called a parallel column;

[0716] The parallel column comprises tubular elements, profiles and / or sub-components; and has at least one of the following characteristics: (i) adjacent tubular elements are directly connected; (ii) adjacent profiles are directly connected; (iii) adjacent sub-components are directly connected; (iv) a tubular element is directly connected to an adjacent profile; (v) a tubular element is directly connected to an adjacent sub-component.

[0717] (2) The parallel component is a beam, and is called a parallel beam;

[0718] The parallel beam includes (i) tubular elements, (ii) profiles and / or sub-components; at least one such tubular element has at least a portion of its cross-section located in the compression zone of the beam.

[0719] Preferably, the tubular element is directly connected to the profile, or / and the tubular element is directly connected to the sub-component;

[0720] (3) The parallel component is a lattice column.

[0721] The lattice column includes column members and tie members. At least one column member is selected as a tubular element. The connection between the column members shall use an intermediate medium, which is the tie member. The connection between the column members is an indirect connection.

[0722] Preferably, the tubular element has longitudinal ribs, and the lacing material in the lattice column is connected to the longitudinal ribs;

[0723] (4) The parallel component is a truss.

[0724] In the truss, at least one compression chord is a tubular element, and / or at least one compression web member is a tubular element; the connection between the upper and lower chords is achieved through an intermediate medium, which is a web member, and the connection between the upper and lower chords is an indirect connection.

[0725] Furthermore, at least two tubular elements, labeled tubular element A and tubular element B, possess at least one of the following characteristics:

[0726] (1) There is a connection between the end of tubular component A and the end of tubular component B;

[0727] Preferably, the end of tubular component A and the end of tubular component B are respectively connected to the same device;

[0728] (2) There is a connection between the longitudinal ribs of tubular component A and the longitudinal ribs of tubular component B.

[0729] Preferably, at least one connecting plate has the following feature: the connecting plate is connected to both the longitudinal rib of tubular component A and the longitudinal rib of tubular component B.

[0730] (3) There is a connection between the core tube of tubular component A and the longitudinal rib of tubular component B;

[0731] Preferably, there is at least one transverse rib that is connected to the core tube of tubular component A and to the longitudinal rib of tubular component B; the transverse rib is a plate whose surface is perpendicular to the axis of the core tube.

[0732] Preferably, there is at least one stiffening rib, which is connected to the core tube of tubular component A and to the longitudinal rib of tubular component B; the stiffening rib is a plate, the surface of which is parallel to the axis of the core tube.

[0733] (4) There is a connection between the core tube of tubular component A and the core tube of tubular component B;

[0734] Preferably, there is at least one such transverse rib, which is connected to both the core tube of tubular component A and the core tube of tubular component B;

[0735] Preferably, there is at least one stiffening rib, which is connected to both the core tube of tubular component A and the core tube of tubular component B;

[0736] (5) At least one end of tubular element A is connected to the longitudinal rib of tubular element B, and the connection is located between the two ends of tubular element B.

[0737] (6) At least one end of tubular component A is connected to the core tube of tubular component B, and the connection is located between the two ends of tubular component B.

[0738] Furthermore, it must possess at least one of the following two characteristics:

[0739] (i) The feature A is that the composite component is a composite column, and the composite column is a type A composite column or a type B composite column;

[0740] (1) The characteristic of the type A composite column is that at least one section of the column along its entire length has at least one of the following characteristics.

[0741] (i) In cross-section, at least one region surrounded by a plurality of tubular elements is filled with a fluid-solid conversion material;

[0742] (ii) At least one region surrounded by the tubular component and the profile is filled with a fluid-solid conversion material;

[0743] (iii) At least one region surrounded by the tubular element and the sub-component is filled with a fluid-solid conversion material;

[0744] (2) The characteristic of the type B composite column is that at least one section of the column along its entire length has at least one of the following characteristics.

[0745] (i) At least one of the tubular elements is not laterally connected to other tubular elements;

[0746] (i) At least one of the tubular elements is not laterally connected to the solid device;

[0747] (ii) At least one tubular element in the cross-section is surrounded by fluid-solid conversion material.

[0748] (ii) Feature B is that the composite component is a composite beam.

[0749] The composite beam comprises tubular components, a fluid-structure conversion material, and a tension element; it has the following characteristics:

[0750] (1) There is at least one such tubular element, and at least a portion of the tubular element is located in the compression zone of the composite beam in cross-section;

[0751] (2) A tension element exists in the tension zone of the composite beam, and a fluid-solid conversion material exists in the area outside the tubular element and the tension element; the tension element is a material or device capable of withstanding tensile force.

[0752] Preferably, the tension element is a steel bar, steel strand, carbon fiber reinforcement, glass fiber reinforcement, or basalt fiber reinforcement;

[0753] Preferably, the fluid-solid conversion material is a cement-based material; preferably, the cement-based material is selected from concrete, reactive powder concrete, mortar, fiber concrete, fiber reactive powder concrete, and fiber mortar.

[0754] Furthermore,

[0755] (i) The aforementioned composite component is a beam, referred to as a composite beam;

[0756] The characteristic of the generalized composite beam is that at least one segment of the beam along its entire length has at least one of the following two characteristics:

[0757] (1) The feature A is,

[0758] The compression zone of a beam in its cross-section must have at least one of the following three characteristics.

[0759] (i) There is at least one such tubular element, at least a portion of which is located in the compression zone of the beam;

[0760] (ii) There is at least one such profile, at least a portion of which is located in the compression zone of the beam;

[0761] (iii) There is at least one such sub-member, at least a portion of which is located in the compression zone of the beam;

[0762] (2) Feature B is,

[0763] The tension zone of a beam in its cross-section must have at least one of the following four characteristics.

[0764] (i) There is at least one such tubular element, at least a portion of which is located in the tension zone of the beam;

[0765] (ii) There is at least one such profile, at least a portion of which is located in the tension zone of the beam;

[0766] (iii) There is at least one such sub-member, at least a portion of which is located in the tension zone of the beam;

[0767] (iv) At least one tension element is located in the tension zone of the beam; the tension element is a device or material capable of bearing tensile force, used to share the tensile force in the tension zone of the beam;

[0768] Preferably, the tension element is selected from steel bars, steel strands, carbon fiber bars, basalt fiber bars, and glass fiber bars;

[0769] (ii) The aforementioned composite component is a column, referred to as a composite column;

[0770] The composite column is a pressure-bearing component, and the tubular element shares the axial pressure of the component.

[0771] Furthermore,

[0772] At least one section of the composite member or the general composite member has at least one blank area on its cross-section, in which no material is filled.

[0773] Furthermore,

[0774] In parallel columns, composite columns, and generalized composite columns, tubular elements share the axial load of the columns.

[0775] Furthermore, the pressure-bearing member has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0776] (1) The axis of the compression member includes at least a straight line segment.

[0777] (2) The axis of the compression member includes at least a curve.

[0778] Preferably, the curve is an arched curve. Attached Figure Description

[0779] Figure 1 Cross-section of Type I support device

[0780] Figure 2 Longitudinal sectional view of the end-openable Type I support device, containing a long strip-shaped bladder-like pressure supply device.

[0781] Figure 3 Longitudinal sectional view of the type I support device with openable ends, showing a distributed short cylindrical bladder-like pressure supply device in the internal area.

[0782] Figure 4 Longitudinal section view of the docking type I support device, containing a long strip-shaped bladder-like pressure supply device.

[0783] Figure 5 Longitudinal sectional view of the docking type I support device, showing multiple small spherical energy storage devices in the internal area.

[0784] Figure 6 Longitudinal section of spiral belt type II support device

[0785] Figure 7 Top view of spiral belt type II support device

[0786] Figure 8 Longitudinal section of spiral wire type II support device

[0787] Figure 9 Longitudinal section of short pipe combined type II support device

[0788] Figure 10 Cross-sectional view of short pipe combined type II support device

[0789] Figure 11Longitudinal section of short-tube combined type III support device

[0790] Figure 12 Cross-sectional view of short pipe combined type III support device

[0791] Figure 13 The horizontal d-section of the Type III support device, with the tube d1 having a longitudinal slit.

[0792] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the combined volume compensation device and fluid-solid conversion material working together.

[0793] Figure 15 Longitudinal section of long tube type III support device

[0794] Figure 16 Cross-sectional view of the long tube type III support device, section AA

[0795] Figure 17 Cross-sectional view of the long tube type III support device, section BB

[0796] Figure 18 Longitudinal section of Type III support device with combined long and short pipes

[0797] Figure 19 Cross-sectional view of the Type III support device with combined long and short pipes, section AA

[0798] Figure 20 Cross-sectional view of the Type III support device with combined long and short pipes, section BB

[0799] Figure 21 The Type III support device includes a long, narrow obstruction, shown in the longitudinal section.

[0800] Figure 22 The Type III support device includes a long, narrow obstruction, as shown in the test diagram.

[0801] Figure 23 The Type III support device includes a long, narrow shield, as shown in the cross-sectional view.

[0802] Figure 24 The Type III support device includes a corrugated short tube, longitudinal section view.

[0803] Figure 25 The Type III support device includes a corrugated short tube, cross-sectional view.

[0804] Figure 26 The Type IV support device includes a connecting channel extension pipe, cross-sectional view.

[0805] Figure 27 The Type IV support device includes a connecting channel extension pipe, longitudinal section view.

[0806] Figure 28 The Type IV support device includes a connecting channel extension plate, cross-sectional view.

[0807] Figure 29 The Type IV support device includes a connecting channel extension plate, longitudinal section view.

[0808] Figure 30 V-shaped support device is Rotary screw device ,

[0809] Figure 31 A thin-walled protective device is fitted over the bladder-type pressure supply device.

[0810] Figure 32 A V-shaped Ring support device It is made by repeatedly folding a perforated strip of material, cross-sectional view.

[0811] Figure 33 A V-shaped Ring support device It is made by repeatedly folding a perforated strip of material, longitudinal section view.

[0812] Figure 34 A V-shaped Ring support device It is assembled from ring-shaped plates with circular holes, cross-sectional view.

[0813] Figure 35 A V-shaped Ring support device It is assembled from ring-shaped plates with circular holes, longitudinal section view.

[0814] Figure 36 A type VI support device with a constant perimeter device;

[0815] Figure 37 A type VI support device, wherein the variable circumference device is a cylinder made of thin sheet metal rolled up.

[0816] Figure 38 A type VII support device, wherein the support device is an involute spiral.

[0817] Figure 39 It is the cross-sectional shape of the brittle shell;

[0818] Figure 40 Schematic diagram of a self-expanding device for a chemical reaction;

[0819] Figure 41 Schematic diagram of a self-expanding device for a chemical reaction;

[0820] Figure 42 The cross-sectional shape of the support in the lower limit bladder;

[0821] Figure 43 The lower limit cyst is compressed to the lower limit;

[0822] Figure 44 The wall of the lower limit sac is fully expanded;

[0823] Figure 45 The combined energy storage device has an elliptical outer contour.

[0824] Figure 46 Combined energy storage device, with a curved quadrilateral outer contour.

[0825] Figure 47 An integrated pressurization device utilizing osmotic pressure, without a pressure control system.

[0826] Figure 48 An integrated pressurization device utilizing osmotic pressure, with a hydraulically driven pressure control system. Figure 49 Hydraulically driven valve, closed state

[0827] Figure 50 Hydraulically driven valve, in open state

[0828] Figure 51 The pressure source in the osmotic pressure separation pressurization device is equipped with an electrically powered pressure control system.

[0829] Figure 52 Solute storage tank

[0830] Figure 53 The pressure source in the osmotic pressure separation pressurization device is used in conjunction with a solute storage tank, and features a hydraulically driven pressure control system. Figure 54 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the A1 type liquid guiding method, cross-sectional view.

[0831] Figure 55 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the A1 type liquid guiding method, longitudinal section view.

[0832] Figure 56 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the Type A1 liquid guiding method and is wrapped with a construction sleeve. (Cross-sectional view)

[0833] Figure 57 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the A2 type liquid guiding method, cross-sectional diagram.

[0834] Figure 58 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the A2 type liquid guiding method, longitudinal section view.

[0835] Figure 59 Thin-layer material with overlapping folds

[0836] Figure 60 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts a T-shaped liquid guiding method, cross-sectional view.

[0837] Figure 61The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts a T-type liquid guiding method, longitudinal section view.

[0838] Figure 62 The liquid absorption, expansion, and pressurization device adopts a T-shaped liquid guiding method (multiple narrow strips), cross-sectional view.

[0839] Figure 63 The liquid absorption, expansion, and pressurization device adopts a T-shaped liquid guiding method (multiple narrow strips or repeated folds), longitudinal sectional view.

[0840] Figure 64 The liquid absorption, expansion, and pressurization device adopts a T-shaped liquid guiding method (repeated folding), longitudinal sectional view.

[0841] Figure 65 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the A1 type liquid guiding method, cross-sectional view.

[0842] Figure 66 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the A1 type liquid guiding method, longitudinal section view.

[0843] Figure 67 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C1 type liquid guiding method, cross-sectional view.

[0844] Figure 68 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C1 type liquid guiding method, longitudinal section view.

[0845] Figure 69 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C1 type liquid guiding method, with localized application in Datong.

[0846] Figure 70 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C3 type liquid guiding method, cross-sectional diagram.

[0847] Figure 71 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C3 type liquid guiding method, longitudinal section view.

[0848] Figure 72 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C3 type liquid guiding method, cross-sectional diagram.

[0849] Figure 73 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C2 type liquid guiding method, cross-sectional view.

[0850] Figure 74 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C2 type liquid guiding method, longitudinal section view.

[0851] Figure 75 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts a T-type liquid guiding method and a four-leaf shaped outer shell. (Cross-sectional view)

[0852] Figure 76 Schematic diagram of the outer boundary of the longitudinal ribs and the outer boundary of the profile.

[0853] Figure 77Unribbed tubing and profiles with I-shaped longitudinal ribs cross sections

[0854] Figure 78 Profile cross-section with standard T-shaped longitudinal ribs

[0855] Figure 79 Profile cross-section with standard I-type and T-type longitudinal ribs

[0856] Figure 80 Profile cross-section with standard L-shaped longitudinal ribs

[0857] Figure 81 Profile cross-section with multiple longitudinal ribs

[0858] Figure 82 sleeve profile

[0859] Figure 83 Type I sealing method, longitudinal section diagram

[0860] Figure 84 Type I sealing method, cross-sectional view

[0861] Figure 85 The P-type assembly connection device is welded onto the torso tube, longitudinal section view.

[0862] Figure 86 The P-type assembly connection device is welded onto the torso tube; longitudinal sectional view of the assembly method.

[0863] Figure 87 Type I sealing method - Type P assembly connection device, longitudinal section view

[0864] Figure 88 Type I sealing method - Type P assembly connection device, longitudinal section view of assembly method

[0865] Figure 89 Type II sealing method, longitudinal section view

[0866] Figure 90 Type II sealing method, cross-sectional view of the transition pipe

[0867] Figure 91 Type II sealing method, longitudinal section of the sealing cap

[0868] Figure 92 Type II sealing method, cross-sectional view of the sealing cap

[0869] Figure 93 Q-type assembly and connection device, longitudinal section view

[0870] Figure 94 Q-type assembly connection device, cross-sectional view

[0871] Figure 95 Q-type assembly connection device, cross-sectional view

[0872] Figure 96 Type II sealing method - Q-type assembly connection device, longitudinal section view

[0873] Figure 97 Type II sealing method - Q-type assembly connection device, assembly method longitudinal section diagram

[0874] Figure 98 Type III sealing method, longitudinal section diagram

[0875] Figure 99 Type III sealing method - R-type assembly connection device, assembly method longitudinal section diagram

[0876] Figure 100 Type III sealing method - R-type assembly connection device, partial enlarged view of assembly method

[0877] Figure 101 A longitudinal sectional view of a tubular component with a type I plugging method and a type P assembly connection, Example 6.1

[0878] Figure 102 A cross-sectional view of a tubular component with a type I plugging method and a type P assembly connection, Example 6.1

[0879] Figure 103 A partially enlarged view of a tubular component with a type I plugging method and a type P assembly connection, Example 6.1

[0880] Figure 104 The tubular component uses Type III sealing method, longitudinal section view, Example 6.2

[0881] Figure 105 The tubular component uses Type III sealing method, cross-sectional view, Example 6.2.

[0882] Figure 106 The tubular component uses Type III sealing method; see enlarged view in Example 6.2.

[0883] Figure 107 The tubular component uses a type I sealing method, longitudinal section view, Example 6.3

[0884] Figure 108 The tubular component uses a type I sealing method, cross-sectional view, Example 6.3.

[0885] Figure 109 The tubular component uses a Type I sealing method, with localized similarities, as shown in Example 6.3.

[0886] Figure 110 The tubular component uses a Type II sealing method, longitudinal section view, Example 6.4

[0887] Figure 111The tubular component adopts the type-II plugging method, cross-sectional view, Example 6.4

[0888] Figure 112 Schematic diagram of parallel columns C1 - C6

[0889] Figure 113 Schematic diagram of parallel columns C7 - C12

[0890] Figure 114 Schematic diagram of parallel columns C12 - C18

[0891] Figure 115 Schematic diagram of parallel columns C19 - C24

[0892] Figure 116 Schematic diagram of parallel columns C25a, C25b, C26

[0893] Figure 117 Schematic diagram of parallel columns C27 - C31

[0894] Figure 118 Schematic diagram of parallel columns C32, C33

[0895] Figure 119 Schematic diagram of parallel beams B1 - B8

[0896] Figure 120 Schematic diagram of parallel beams B9 - B13

[0897] Figure 121 Schematic diagram of type-A composite columns Z1 - Z6

[0898] Figure 122 Schematic diagram of type-A composite columns Z7 - Z9

[0899] Figure 123 Type-B composite columns F1 - F5

[0900] Figure 124 Annular type-B composite column F6

[0901] Figure 125 "Rectangle with a vertical bar in the middle" type-B composite column F7

[0902] Figure 126 Composite beam G1

[0903] Figure 127 Composite beam G2

[0904] Figure 128 Composite beam G3

[0905] Figure 129 Composite beam G4

[0906] Figure 130 Composite beam G5

[0907] Figure 131 Tubular elements are used for reinforcing composite structural components, including composite columns and solid columns, H1 to H3.

[0908] Figure 132 Tubular elements are used for reinforcing composite structural components, including general composite columns and ring columns, K1 to K4.

[0909] Figure 133 Tubular elements are used for reinforcement of composite structural components, including general composite columns, columns with multiple empty white areas, K5~K7.

[0910] Figure 134 Tubular elements are used for reinforcement of composite structural members, general composite beams, K8 and K9. Detailed Implementation

[0911] 1. Combined volume compensation device and its method for providing pressure to the surrounding medium

[0912] 1.1. Combined volume compensation device

[0913] A combined volume compensation device, comprising support device and Pressure supply device ;in,

[0914] (1) Corresponding to the support device, there is an inner region of the support device and an outer region of the support device, the inner region is surrounded or enclosed by the support device, and the outer region surrounds or encloses the support device.

[0915] There is a connecting passage between the inner region and the outer region;

[0916] (2) All or part of the pressure supply device is located in the internal area of ​​the support device, and the outer surface of the pressure supply device can provide pressure to the medium in contact with it.

[0917] The range of support devices to be selected includes, but is not limited to, Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV, Type V, Type VI, and Type VII support devices.

[0918] The support device is made of a solid material with a certain strength. Preferably, the materials used to make the support device include metallic materials, inorganic non-metallic materials, polymeric materials, and fiber composite materials; preferably, the metallic materials are selected from steel, cast iron, and aluminum; preferably, the fiber-reinforced composite materials are selected from fiber-reinforced metal composite materials, fiber-reinforced non-metallic materials, and mixtures of fiber-reinforced polymeric materials and solid particles.

[0919] 《1.2.》 Type I support device

[0920] The selection range of the Type I support device includes: Perforated housing , Open shell .

[0921] Preferably, the range of options for the perforated housing includes... Perforated enclosed housing , Open shell with holes . Enclosed shell It is a shell that surrounds a closed cavity; Open shell The characteristic is that the cavity surrounded by the shell is not closed. Sealed with holes case One of the production methods is in Enclosed shell The upper machining hole; the Open shell with holes The method of obtaining it is in Open shell body Machine holes or divide the perforated closed shell.

[0922] Preferably, the Enclosed shell The selection range includes:

[0923] (1) Spherical shells, ellipsoidal shells, and other shells with typical geometries containing closed cavities;

[0924] (2) A shell containing a closed cavity, consisting of a tube and one or more local typical shells;

[0925] (3) A shell containing a closed cavity, consisting of several shells with typical geometric shapes;

[0926] (4) Composed of one or more Shell with typical geometry and one or more Typical local shell A shell consisting of a closed cavity.

[0927] The one Typical local shell It is part of a shell with a typical geometry. The... Typical Geometric shell The selection range includes: spherical shells, ellipsoidal shells, conical shells, elliptical conical shells, pyramidal shells, cylindrical shells, frustum-shaped shells, frustum-shaped shells, elliptical cross-section frustum-shaped shells, saddle-shaped shells, and other typical geometries.

[0928] Preferably, the Perforated housing It is a pipe with holes in its wall and has one of the following characteristics:

[0929] (1) Neither end of the pipe hole was sealed;

[0930] (2) One end of the pipe hole was sealed;

[0931] (3) Both ends of the pipe hole were sealed.

[0932] Preferably, the Open shell It is a pipe, and at least one end of the pipe hole is not sealed.

[0933] Preferably, the axis of the tube is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the tube is a curve; preferably, at least two of the cross-sections of the tube have different or the same dimensions.

[0934] Preferably, the housing and the tube are convex.

[0935] Preferably, the Perforated housing It includes several components, which are assembled together to form the... Perforated housing .

[0936] by Figures 1-5 The illustrated device serves as an example to illustrate a combined volume compensation device employing a type I support. These figures are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute a limitation on the invention.

[0937] Figure 1 Can be regarded as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 Cross-sectional view, Figure 1 The support device and Figure 5 The supporting device in the middle is the same device. Figure 1 respectively with Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 The combination represents the following four cases.

[0938] (1) In Figure 1 , Figure 2 In the assembly, the support device 32 includes a steel pipe 3201 and an end-sealing device 3203. The steel pipe 3201 has holes 3202 in its wall, one end of the pipe is a convex shell, and the other end has internal threads that connect to the externally threaded sealing device 3203. The sealing device has holes to allow the pipe 3101 to pass through. A bladder-type pressure supply device 31 is installed in the cavity 331 of the support device 32 and connected to an external fluid pressurization device via the pipe 3101. During installation, the bladder-type pressure supply device 31 is inserted into the steel pipe 3201 from the end with the sealing device 3203, and then the sealing device 3203 is screwed on. In the above-described support device, the cavity 331 is the internal area of ​​the support device, and the holes 3202 in the pipe wall are connecting channels.

[0939] (2) In Figure 1 and Figure 3 In the assembly, the support device and Figure 2 The basics are the same, the difference is in Figure 3 The sealing device 3203 has no holes. Figure 3 The pressure supply device is a dispersion bag, which includes several short strip bags 31.

[0940] (3) When Figure 1 and in Figure 4 When combining, Figure 1 The pipe number 3201 and the bore number 3202 in the original drawings were changed to 321.01 and 321.02 respectively to maintain a strict correspondence between the two drawings. Figure 1 and in Figure 4 In the assembly, the support device includes an upper steel pipe 321.01, a lower steel pipe 322.01, and a connecting sleeve 323. The upper steel pipe 321.01 and the lower steel pipe 322.01 are separable and are connected together by the connecting sleeve 323 using a threaded connection. Dividing the support device into upper and lower parts allows the pressure supply device 31 to be installed into the cavity of the support device. The upper steel pipe of the support device has a hole 321.02, and the lower steel pipe has a hole 322.02.

[0941] (4) When Figure 1 and Figure 5 When combining, Figure 1 The steel pipe number 3201 and the pipe hole number 3202 were changed to 321.01 and 321.02 respectively. Figure 1 and Figure 5 In the assembly, the support device and Figure 4 Similar to the one in the previous example, the pressure supply device is a dispersion bladder, comprising several spherical air bladders and / or spherical gas-liquid bladders. If necessary, several solid elastic spheres can also be placed in the internal region 331 of the support device as a pressure supply device.

[0942] exist Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 The hole 3212 on the wall of the middle tube is the connecting channel; in Figure 4 and Figure 5 Holes 321.02 and 322.02 are also connecting channels.

[0943] 1.3. Type II support device

[0944] The Type II support device is characterized in that the connection channel between the internal and external regions of the support device includes a slot or gap. A preferred embodiment of the Type II support device is that each device includes at least one of the following: a combination of a spiral band, a spiral wire, and a short tube. The combination of shell segmentation components.

[0945] 1.3.1. Spiral

[0946] Preferably, the spiral ribbon is a single type of circular spiral ribbon; preferably, the spiral ribbon shown is a variety of circular spiral ribbons.

[0947] The single-loop spiral strip is characterized in that the cross-section of each turn is the same. Preferably, the shape of the spiral strip is similar to the strip material in a spiral steel pipe. Preferably, the axes of each spiral strip are on the same straight line, and there is a gap between adjacent spiral strips along the axial direction; preferably, at least two spiral strips do not overlap in projection along the axial direction.

[0948] Figure 6 , Figure 7 The spiral band 32 is shown. In Figure 6 There are gaps 3202 between each turn of the strip material 3201; Figure 7 The figure is a top view, showing that the cross-section of the spiral ribbon is circular, and the spiral ribbon divides the inner region 331 and the outer region 333 of the spiral ribbon; the connecting channel between the inner region 331 and the outer region 333 is the gap 3202.

[0949] The multiple spiral bands are characterized in that at least two adjacent spiral bands have the following characteristics: the cross-sectional shape and / or size of the regions around which these two spiral bands are respectively located are different. Preferably, in the multiple spiral bands, at least two adjacent spiral bands have the following characteristic: there is an overlapping portion along the length direction between the two adjacent spiral bands, and a gap exists between the outer surface of one spiral band and the inner surface of the other spiral band in the overlapping portion. Preferably, in the multiple spiral bands, there is a gap along the length direction between two adjacent spiral bands. Preferably, the overall shape of the multiple spiral bands is frustum-shaped; preferably, the platform shape of the multiple spiral bands is ellipsoidal.

[0950] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the single or multiple spiral strips is convex; preferably, the outer boundary line of the cross-section of the single or multiple spiral strips is circular, elliptical, or rounded polygonal.

[0951] Preferably, the axis of the area encircled by the single or multiple spiral bands is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the area encircled by the single or multiple spiral bands is a curve. Preferably, multiple points on the single or multiple spiral bands are connected to one or more strip-shaped fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between the turns of the spiral band.

[0952] Preferably, the spiral band has holes and / or slits.

[0953] 1.3.2. Spiral Wire

[0954] The spiral wire is characterized in that its shape resembles a helical spring. Preferably, the spiral wire is a single-coil spiral wire; more preferably, the spiral wire is a multi-coil spiral wire.

[0955] The single-type spiral wire is characterized in that the cross-section of the area encircled by each turn of the spiral wire is the same. The multiple-type spiral wire is characterized in that at least two turns of the spiral wire have different cross-sections encircling the area.

[0956] Preferably, in one of the single-type spiral wires, there is no gap between at least two adjacent spiral wires; preferably, in one of the single-type spiral wires, there is a gap between at least two adjacent spiral wires. Figure 8 An example of such a spiral wire is shown. In the figure, the cross-section of the spiral wire is circular, and the cross-section of the wire material 3201 is also circular. Every six turns of the spiral wire form a cycle, in which there are no gaps between five turns of the spiral wire 3204, and only two turns of the spiral wire have a gap 3202 between them. The gap 3202 serves as a connecting channel between the inner region 331 and the outer region 333 of the spiral wire.

[0957] Preferably, in one of the plurality of spiral wires, the cross-section of the region enclosed by any two adjacent turns of the spiral wire is different. Preferably, the overall shape of the spiral wire is frustum-shaped, spherical, or ellipsoidal, or part of these geometries.

[0958] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the area surrounded by the single or / and multiple spiral wires is convex; preferably, the axis of the area surrounded by the two spiral wires is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the area surrounded by the two spiral wires is a curve.

[0959] Preferably, the spiral wire has multiple points connected to one or more strip-shaped fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between the turns of the spiral wire.

[0960] 1.3.3. Short tube assembly device

[0961] The short tube assembly comprises at least two short tubes. The assembly is... Combination of short pipes with single cross-section Device or A combination device for short pipes with various cross-sections.

[0962] (1) Single-section short pipe assembly

[0963] The Single-section short pipe assembly The characteristic is that all the short tubes have the same cross-sectional shape and size, and the length of the group and device is greater than the total length of all the short tubes.

[0964] Preferably, the axis of the short pipe coincides with the same straight line; preferably, the extension of the axis of at least one short pipe lies within the bore of an adjacent short pipe; preferably, there is an included angle between the axes of at least two adjacent short pipes. Preferably, at least two adjacent short pipes have the characteristic that there is a gap between the planes containing their adjacent end faces.

[0965] (2) Multi-section short pipe combination device

[0966] The Multi-section short pipe combination device The characteristic is that at least two adjacent short tubes have the following properties: their cross-sectional shapes are different, or / and their cross-sectional dimensions are different.

[0967] Preferably, in one Multi-section short pipe combination device In this configuration, at least two adjacent short tubes are arranged such that a section of one tube is inserted into the bore of the other tube; preferably, the length of the overlapping portion of the two short tubes is less than half the length of either tube.

[0968] Preferably, in one Multi-section short pipe combination device In the case of short pipes A and B, at least two adjacent short pipes have the following characteristics: (1) the cross-sectional size and / or shape of short pipes A and B are different; (2) due to the limitation of the cross-section of the short pipes, short pipe A cannot be inserted into the hole of short pipe B, and short pipe B cannot be inserted into the hole of short pipe A; (3) when the adjacent end faces of short pipes A and B are in close contact, a portion of the hole of short pipe A or / and B is exposed on the end face; (4) the planes on which the adjacent end faces of short pipes A and B are located are in close contact or there is a gap between them.

[0969] Preferably, in the Multi-section short pipe combination device In this case, there is a gap between the planes containing the adjacent end faces of at least two adjacent short tubes.

[0970] Preferably, the Multi-section short pipe combination device It possesses at least one of the following characteristics: (1) There are only two types of short tubes with different cross-sections, with thick and thin tubes alternating; (2) From one end of the combined device to the other, the diameter of the short tubes increases sequentially, and the overall shape of the device is approximately frustum-shaped; (3) From both ends of the combined device to the middle, the diameter of the short tubes increases sequentially, and the overall shape of the device is approximately date-shaped; (4) At least in Combination of short pipes with various cross-sections Device One end has a thick tube and a thin tube. One end of the thick tube is sealed with a sealing device. A section of the thin tube is inserted into the hole of the thick tube. There are gaps between the end of the thin tube and the sealing device of the thick tube, as well as between the outer surface of the thin tube wall and the inner surface of the thick tube.

[0971] Preferably, there is a connection between adjacent short tubes to ensure that the assembly and device are a whole with a fixed shape.

[0972] Preferably, the outer contour of the cross-section of the short pipe is convex; preferably, the line connecting the axes of the short pipes is a straight line; preferably, the line connecting the axes of the short pipes is a broken line, and the axes of two or more short pipes are tangent to the same curve.

[0973] The short tubes are connected to each other to ensure that they have a fixed relative position.

[0974] Figure 9 and Figure 10 A single-section short tube assembly 32 is shown, with gaps 3202 between the short tubes 3201. These gaps 3202 serve as connecting channels between the inner region 331 and the outer region 333. Each short tube 3201 is connected to four longitudinal reinforcing bars 35 by welding.

[0975] Assembly device for shell segmentation components (1.3.4)

[0976] The Selection range of housing segment combination devices Includes: shell partition Complete combination Device and housing partition Incomplete combination The device. The shell segment is a component obtained by dividing a shell, and the shape and size of the assembled shell segments are substantially the same as the original shell shape and size. In any of the aforementioned... shell segment In any assembled device, there are at least two such adjacent housing partitions with a gap between them. The housing partitions... whole Combined device Includes all the partitions of a housing, the housing partitions Incomplete assembly It consists of a segment that comprises only a portion of a housing.

[0977] Preferably, the housing has a closed cavity before being divided; preferably, the complete and incomplete assembly of the housing dividers is outwardly protruding. Preferably, there are connections between the housing dividers to ensure a fixed relative position between them. Preferably, there are holes in the housing of the housing dividers.

[0978] Preferably, the shell used to obtain the shell segment is a shell with a typical geometry; preferably, the shell with a typical geometry is selected from spherical shells, ellipsoidal shells, and tubes; preferably, the tube is a tube with a constant cross section or a frustum-shaped tube.

[0979] 1.4. Type III support device

[0980] The Type III support device comprises two parts, A and B. Part A has holes and / or gaps, and has an internal region and an external region. Part B is located in the external region of Part A, and at least one continuous area in Part B faces the holes and / or gaps of Part A. The continuous region refers to a region without holes or gaps, where the fluid-solid conversion material in a flowable state cannot pass through the continuous region from one side to the other.

[0981] Combination of Device a and Device b (1.4.1.)

[0982] The first preferred embodiment of the Type III support device is characterized by comprising device a and device b; device a is entirely surrounded by device b, or at least a portion of device a is surrounded by device b. In this embodiment, device a and device b are respectively part A and part B.

[0983] The selection range of the device a includes: a closed shell with holes a11, an open shell with holes a12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall a2, a single type of spiral ribbon a31, multiple types of spiral ribbons a32, a single type of spiral wire a41, multiple types of spiral wires a42, a combination device of short pipes with a single cross-section a51, a combination device of short pipes with multiple cross-sections a52, a complete combination device of shell segmentation components a61, and a non-complete combination device of shell segmentation components a62.

[0984] The range of possible devices b includes: a closed shell with holes b11, an open shell with holes b12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall b2, a single type of spiral strip b31, multiple types of spiral strips b32, a single type of spiral wire b41, multiple types of spiral wire b42, a combination device of short pipes with a single cross-section b51, a combination device of short pipes with multiple cross-sections b52, a complete combination device of shell segmentation components b61, and a non-complete combination device of shell segmentation components b62.

[0985] Preferably, in the single-section short pipe assembly a51 or b51, there are at least two such adjacent short pipes with a gap between their adjacent ends.

[0986] Preferably, in the single-section short pipe assembly b51 or the multi-section short pipe assembly b52, there is a connecting device between the short pipes to ensure that there is a fixed relative position between the short pipes; preferably, each short pipe in the assembly b51 or b52 has a connecting device only with the device a, to ensure that there is a fixed relative position between the short pipes in b51 or b52 and between the short pipes and the device a.

[0987] Preferably, in the single-section short pipe assembly a51, the inner contour line of the short pipe's cross-section is a corrugated closed curve, a trapezoidal wave closed curve, or a sawtooth closed curve. Preferably, in the multi-section short pipe assembly b52, at least one short pipe's inner contour line of its cross-section is a corrugated closed curve, a trapezoidal wave closed curve, or a sawtooth closed curve.

[0988] Figure 11 and Figure 12 A Type III support device is shown. Device a is selected as a single-section short tube assembly a51, and device b is selected as a single-section short tube assembly b51. Device a51 includes an inner short tube 3211 and a gap 3212 between the short tubes, and device b51 includes an outer short tube 3221 and a gap 3222 between the short tubes. Device a51 is located in the tube hole region of device b51. The gap 3212 between the inner short tubes 3211 faces the inner surface of the outer short tube 3221, while the gap 3222 between the outer short tubes 3221 faces the outer surface of the inner short tube 3211. The connection channel between the inner region 331 and the outer region 333 of the connecting support device 32 includes gaps 3212 between the inner short tubes, gaps 332 between the outer surface of the inner short tube 3211 and the inner surface of the outer short tube 3221, and gaps 3222 between the outer short tubes. The inner region 331 includes the tube hole region of the short tube 3211 and the region between the tube holes of adjacent short tubes 3211.

[0989] The short pipe 3211 in device a51 and the short pipe 3221 in device b51 are both connected to four steel bars 35. This connection can ensure that all the short pipes have a stable relative position.

[0990] Figures 15-25 All three schemes shown contain a Type III combined support device, which will be explained in more detail later.

[0991] Combination of Device C and Device D in Section 1.4.2.

[0992] The second preferred embodiment of the Type III support device is characterized by: (1) including device c and device d; (2) the selection range of device c includes a perforated closed shell a11, a perforated open shell a12, and a pipe a2 with perforated walls; (3) the selection range of device d includes a pipe d1 with longitudinal slits. Figure 13 ), a long strip-shaped obstruction d22, a block-shaped obstruction d3, a non-closed ring-shaped obstruction d4; (4) the device d is located outside the outer surface of the outer surface of the device c.

[0993] Preferably, at least a portion of the holes in the housing wall or tube wall of the device c face the non-hole or seamless area on the device d.

[0994] Preferably, when the device c is a closed shell a11 with holes or an open shell a12 with holes, the device d is a long strip-shaped shield d21 or a block-shaped shield d3.

[0995] Preferably, when the device c is a pipe a2 with holes in the wall, the device d is a pipe d1 with a longitudinal slit, or a straight strip-shaped obstruction d22, or a block-shaped obstruction d3, or a non-closed annular obstruction d4.

[0996] Preferably, the holes on the wall of the perforated pipe c2 face the seamless area in the inner wall of the pipe d1 with longitudinal slits, or face the non-perforated area on the inner surface of the straight, elongated shield d22, or face the block shield d3, or face the seamless area on the inner surface of the non-closed annular shield d4.

[0997] Preferably, at least one of the elongated obstructions d22 has a longitudinal cross-sectional profile that is corrugated, trapezoidal, or sawtooth-shaped.

[0998] Preferably, in the first and second preferred embodiments of the Type III support device, the connecting channel between the inner region and the outer region of the support device contains a curved section or a turning point.

[0999] exist Figure 21 , Figure 22 , Figure 23 In the diagram, the elongated obstruction d22 included in the combined volume compensation device is a perforated arc-shaped plate 322. A detailed description will be provided in later embodiments.

[1000] 1.5. Type IV support device

[1001] The Type IV support device includes device e and device f; device e is a perforated shell, and its selection range includes a perforated closed shell a11, a perforated open shell a12, and a pipe a2 with perforated walls; device f is a connecting channel extension device.

[1002] Preferably, the connecting channel extension device includes thin tubes f1, each of which is connected to the device e. The orifice of each thin tube f1 is directly opposite a hole in the device e, and the medium in a flowable state can pass through the hole in the device e and the orifice of the thin tube f1.

[1003] by Figure 26 and Figure 27Let's take the e-f1 combination of type IV support devices as an example. The combined volume compensation device in the figure includes a support device 32 and a bladder-type pressure supply device 31. The support device includes a perforated tube 3201 (used as device e) and a thin tube 3203 (used as device f1). The thin tube is connected to the tube 3201 by threaded connection or welding. The perforation 3202 in the tube wall of tube 3201 communicates with the perforation of the thin tube 3203. When the fluid-solid conversion material becomes solid, the fluid-solid conversion material in the perforation of the thin tube 3203 adheres to the tube wall of the thin tube, forming a whole with the thin tube to seal the perforation 3202 in the tube wall of tube 3201. This solution is suitable when the pressure in the surrounding medium is extremely high, or / and when the strength of the medium in the internal area, external area, and connecting channel of the support device is low.

[1004] Preferably, the connecting channel extension device includes several pairs of thin plates f2, with a gap between each pair of thin plates, and one or more holes of the device e are located in the gap, the gap being an extension of the connecting channel.

[1005] Preferably, in the connection channel extension device f comprising at least one or more pairs of thin plates f2, at least one thin plate f21 is parallel to the axis of the tube. Preferably, in the at least one pair of thin plates f2 used as the connection channel extension device, at least one thin plate f22 is perpendicular to the axis of the tube. Preferably, in the at least one pair of thin plates f2 used as the connection channel extension device, at least one pair of spiral plates is included, the spiral plates surrounding the device e, the spacing between the two spiral plates is constant or varies within a certain range, and multiple holes on the device e are located in the gaps of the same pair of spiral plates.

[1006] by Figure 28 and Figure 29 Let's take the e-f2 combination of the type IV support device as an example. In the figure, the pressure supply device is a bladder-type pressure supply device 31, and the support device is a pipe 3201 with both ends sealed (used as device e). The pipe 3201 has two rows of holes 3202 on its wall, and two thin plates 3203 (used as device f2) are provided on both sides of each row of holes. The thin plates are welded to the outer wall of the pipe. There is a gap region 3204 between the two thin plates 3203. When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state, the material in region 3204 bonds with the thin plates 3203 to form a long strip-shaped composite. Compared with a pipe with holes in the wall without thin plates 3203, the addition of thin plates can effectively prevent the material near the holes 3202 from being damaged by pressure.

[1007] Preferably, in the type IV support device, the connecting channel between the inner region and the outer region of the support device contains a curved section or a turning point.

[1008] 1.6. V-shaped support device

[1009] The selection range of V-shaped support devices includes: Rotary screw device and Ring support device .

[1010] The spiral device includes spiral helix and Spiral gap region The spiral-shaped helix has the following characteristics: when moving along the outer boundary line of the helix, the point of movement also displaces in the axial direction of the helix; there is a gap between adjacent rings of the helix, and the area corresponding to the gap is the... Spiral gap region Preferably, the shape of the helical gap region is similar to the shape of the spiraling helix itself, see 36.

[1011] Preferably, the dimension H1 of the helical gap region in the axial direction is smaller than the dimension R1 in the radial direction. Figure 30 Preferably, the dimension H1 of each helical gap region in the axial direction is smaller than the dimension R1 in the radial direction; preferably, the ratio H1 / R1 of H1 is in the range of 0.01 to 0.1, or 0.1 to 0.5, or 0.5 to 1.0.

[1012] The spiral gap region is a connecting channel between the internal and external regions of the support device.

[1013] The Ring support device It includes several ring-shaped plates and the gap regions between the ring-shaped plates, the gap regions being referred to as Annular gap area Each annular plate has holes, and the geometric centroids of the cross-sections of the holes lie on the same straight line or the same curve. Connections exist between the annular plates to ensure that the supporting device has a fixed shape.

[1014] Preferably, the holes in each annular plate are identical; preferably, the holes in the annular plate are circular, elliptical, or rounded polygonal. Preferably, the shape enclosed by the outer boundary of the annular plate is circular, elliptical, polygonal, rounded polygonal, or a closed line composed of curves and straight lines. Preferably, the annular plates are connected together by a long strip-shaped device.

[1015] Preferably, in the ring-shaped support device, the dimension H1 of the ring-shaped gap region in the axial direction is smaller than the dimension R1 in the radial direction. Figure 33 , Figure 35 Preferably, the ratio H1 / R1 is in the range of 0.01 to 0.1, or 0.1 to 0.5, or 0.5 to 1.0. The annular gap region is a connecting channel connecting the internal region and the external region of the support device.

[1016] For example. Figure 30 A kind of Rotary screw mechanism This device includes spiral helix 3201 and screw swirl gap region 3202, a circular hole region 331 exists on the cross-section of the support device. When in operation, a pressure supply device is placed in the circular hole region 331 of the support device; in the circular hole region outside the pressure supply device, in the peripheral region 332 of the support device, and in… Spiral gap region 3202 is filled with a fluid-to-solid conversion material. When the fluid-to-solid conversion material becomes solid, the material interacts with... spiral helix They are bonded together to form a composite shell, jointly bearing the radial stress on its exterior. Additionally, due to... spiral helix The solid fluid-solid conversion material in the helical gap region is laterally constrained. Even when the pressure supply device cannot provide radial pressure to the surrounding medium, the helical device can effectively prevent the fluid-solid conversion material from bulging into the circular hole region, thereby improving the compressive strength of the material in the helical region in the axial direction of the support device.

[1017] Preferably, a sleeve is fitted over the outside of the bladder-type pressure supply device. Capsule protection device To prevent the bladder-type pressure supply device from being squeezed out during lateral expansion. Spiral gap region or Annular gap area And it is torn by the spiral or ring-like plate. Preferably, the capsule protective device is a thin-walled cylinder made of thin-walled material; preferably, a lubricating material is applied to the overlapping part of the thin-walled material of the thin-walled cylinder to reduce the obstruction of the cylinder to the expansion of the capsule device; preferably, the cross-section of the thin-walled cylinder is circular. Figure 31 A circular thin-walled cylinder 3101 is shown fitted over the bladder-type pressure supply device 31.

[1018] Figure 32 , Figure 33 Another V-shaped support device is shown, which is formed by repeatedly folding a strip of material with regularly distributed circular holes. In the figure, the circular holes of the folded strip are aligned with each other, and the circular hole region 331 is used to house the pressure supply device. In this device, adjacent annular plates are connected by the strip of material itself. In the working state, the region outside the pressure supply device but within the circular hole region 331, the outer region 332 of the support device, and the annular gap region 3202 are filled with a fluid-solid conversion material. Preferably, a bladder-like pressure supply device is fitted over the other side. Thin-walled protective device.

[1019] Figure 34 , Figure 35A third type of V-shaped support device is shown, which connects quasi-annular plates 3201 with circular holes together using rod-shaped material 3205, with annular gap regions 3202 between the quasi-annular plates. In the figure, the circular hole region 331 is used to house the pressure supply device 31. In the working state, the circular hole region 331 outside the pressure supply device, the peripheral region 332 of the support device, and the… Spiral gap region 3202 is filled with a fluid-solid conversion material. Preferably, a bladder-like pressure supply device is fitted over it. bag Class of protective devices.

[1020] Preferably, there are distributed protruding areas and / or recessed areas on the surface of the spiral-shaped helix or on the surface of the annular plate; preferably, there are distributed holes in the spiral-shaped helix or on the annular plate to improve the shear resistance between the fluid-solid conversion material and the support device.

[1021] Preferably, when the axis of the support device is a curve, The selected protective device is as follows: A wire mesh is used, either wrapped around the outside of a bladder-like pressure supply device or lined with the perforated walls of a V-shaped support device. Preferably, the wires are joined together by weaving rather than welding; preferably, the longitudinal wires are straight, and the transverse wires are curved, allowing the longitudinal wires to slide between the transverse wires. When the wire mesh is wrapped around the bladder-like pressure supply device, its longitudinal direction is aligned with the axis of the support device. Preferably, the mesh size of the wire mesh is suitable for allowing flow of fluid-solid conversion materials in a flowable state.

[1022] Preferably, when the axis of the support device is curved, the bladder-like protective device is selected as... Slit-type thin-walled protection Device The aforementioned The characteristic of the slotted thin-walled protective device is that, Several slits are machined into a thin-walled material unfolded into a plane, while keeping the thin-walled material connected. Preferably, the length direction of the slits is perpendicular to the length direction of the thin-walled material; preferably, the thin-walled material with slits has a long strip region, the length direction of which is also the length direction of the thin-walled material; the root of each slit is located on the long boundary line of the long strip region. Preferably, one long boundary line of the long strip region is one side boundary line of the thin-walled material; both long boundary lines of the long strip region are at a distance from the boundary line of the thin-walled material. Preferably, two types of slits, A and B, are machined into the thin-walled material unfolded into a plane. One end of the type A slit is located on the same long boundary a of the thin-walled material, and one end of the type B slit is located on another long boundary b of the thin-walled material. There is one type B slit between two adjacent type A slits, and one type A slit between two adjacent type B slits.

[1023] Preferably, when the axis of the support device is curved, a spiral wire or thin-walled spiral strip is used to protect the bladder-like pressure supply device. Preferably, the spiral strip or spiral wire is close to the hole wall of the V-shaped support device, or there is a gap between it and the hole wall. Preferably, when the V-shaped support device includes a spiral advance, the spiral strip or spiral wire used as the bladder-like protection device has a spiral direction opposite to that of the spiral body. Preferably, multiple spiral wires with large spiral spacing and identical shape and size are used to protect the pressure supply device, with one spiral wire positioned in the gap between another spiral wire. The gap between the spiral wires or spiral strips is suitable for fluid-solid conversion material in a flowable state to flow through.

[1024] Technical Effect Analysis. When the combined volume compensation device is used in a steel-concrete composite member with an arched axis, the axis of the V-shaped support device also needs to be an arched curve. The axis of the V-shaped support device can be easily fabricated into the required arched curve by hand.

[1025] Type VI support device (1.7.)

[1026] The VI-type support device is characterized by comprising a device g and a device h; the device g is entirely surrounded by the device h, or at least a portion of the device g is surrounded by the device h.

[1027] The range of possible devices g includes: a closed shell with holes a11, an open shell with holes a12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall a2, a single type of spiral ribbon a31, multiple types of spiral ribbons a32, a single type of spiral wire a41, multiple types of spiral wires a42, a combination device of short pipes with a single cross-section a51, a combination device of short pipes with multiple cross-sections a52, a complete combination device of shell segmentation components a61, and a non-complete combination device of shell segmentation components a62.

[1028] The device h has the following characteristic: in cross-section, the device h can change the area it encloses.

[1029] When the flowable material in the area surrounded or enclosed by device h expands outwards, device h can increase the area it encloses in cross-section. When the volume of flowable material in the inner region of device h decreases, and the flowable material in the outer region of device h compresses device h, the area enclosed by device h in cross-section will decrease accordingly.

[1030] The selection range of the device h includes a constant perimeter device and a variable perimeter device;

[1031] Preferably, the material of the h portion is a metallic material, a polymer material, or a fiber-reinforced composite material.

[1032] The Constant perimeter deviceIt is a thin-walled tube with the following characteristics: at least two points on the outer boundary line of the thin-walled tube have different curvatures in the cross-section; the cross-sectional area increases when the cross-section becomes circular; and the length of the outer boundary line of the thin-walled tube remains almost constant during the process of the cross-section becoming circular. Preferably, the cross-section of the device h contains an inwardly convex portion; preferably, the outer boundary line of the thin-walled tube is a corrugated line, a sawtooth line, or a trapezoidal corrugated curve.

[1033] The Variable perimeter device The characteristic is that the device, in its cross-section, can change its enclosed area by varying its perimeter. Preferably, the variable perimeter device is a cylinder rolled from thin-walled material, and in its cross-section, the thin-walled material of the cylinder has overlapping portions, allowing relative sliding between the overlapping portions. When sliding occurs, the area enclosed by the cylinder changes. Preferably, a retarding material with lubricating properties is applied to the surfaces of the overlapping, contacting thin-walled materials; preferably, the retarding material is a retarding epoxy resin.

[1034] by Figure 36 Let's take an example to illustrate the constant perimeter device. Figure 36 In the middle, the g part of the support device is a pipe 321 with holes 3212 in the pipe wall 3211, and the pipe is as follows: Figure 1 and 2 As shown. The connecting channel between the inner region 331 and the outer region 332 of the tube 321 is the tube hole 3212. The outer region 332 is located between the tube wall 3211 and the tube 322 with a corrugated cross section. The tube 322 is used as a constant perimeter device.

[1035] use Figure 37 Explain the variable perimeter device. In Figure 37 The variable perimeter device is a cylinder 322 made of thin sheet metal, with two coils and an overlap of one circumference. As the flowable material in region 332 increases, the material pushes the variable perimeter device to increase its cross-section.

[1036] When the fluid-solid conversion material becomes solid, the device h in the type VI support device can diffuse the pressure near the hole 3211 on the pipe wall of the pipe 321 to a wider area, preventing the solid fluid-solid conversion material near the hole from being damaged, or reducing the range of the damage area.

[1037] Type VII Support Device (1.8.)

[1038] The Type VII support device includes an involute spiral with a helical cross-section. The involute spiral has a stable shape, and gaps exist between each turn. Corresponding to the involute spiral are an inner region and an outer region. The area enclosed by the inner spiral is the inner region of the support device, and the outer region surrounds the outer spiral. The gaps between the spiral turns serve as connecting channels between the inner and outer regions. A pressure supply device is placed within the inner region of the spiral.

[1039] Preferably, the helix is ​​made of a metallic material; preferably, the helix is ​​made of steel. Preferably, the helix is ​​formed by rolling a sheet metal; preferably, the ratio of the outer circumference of the helix to the outer thickness of the helix is ​​less than 50, or less than 30, or less than 10; the thickness of each turn of the helix is ​​approximately equal to the thickness of the sheet metal used to make the helix. Preferably, before rolling, the sheet metal used to make the helix has several protruding areas formed on at least one surface; preferably, the protruding areas on one surface are formed by pressing the back side inward.

[1040] Preferably, the sheet material used for the spiral is pressed with at least one curved strip before being rolled, the curved strip being similar to a corrugated strip of a corrugated sheet. Preferably, the length direction of the curved strip is oblique to the length direction of the sheet material; after the sheet material is rolled into a spiral, the length direction of the sheet material is parallel to the length direction of the spiral; the curved strips on two adjacent spirals are positioned at different points in the length direction in the longitudinal section view.

[1041] Preferably, at least one turn of the spiral has at least one curved region and / or at least one thickened region in the longitudinal section, the curved region and the thickened region each increasing the bending stiffness of the spiral, the bending stiffness resisting bending moments including those generated by normal stresses appearing in the longitudinal section.

[1042] Figure 38 This is one of the preferred solutions for the Type VII support device. The spiral 321 has 2.5 turns, with gaps 322 between each turn. The inner turn of the spiral surrounds the internal region 331, where a bladder-like pressure supply device 31 is placed. A fluid-solid conversion material is filled between the outer surface of the pressure supply device 31 and the inner turn of the spiral, in the gap regions 322 between the turns of the spiral, and in the surrounding region 333 of the outer turn of the spiral. When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state, it can flow into or out of the internal region 331 from the gap regions 322; when the fluid-solid conversion material becomes solid, it bonds with the spiral to form a composite shell, which can withstand the pressure applied by the surrounding medium.

[1043] Preferably, the surface of each turn of the helical material has uneven regions to increase the shear resistance between the helical material and the solid fluid-solid transition material. Preferably, the helical material is machined with... Adhesive-enhancing pores The adhesive pores are used to increase the adhesion and shear resistance between the spiral and the solid fluid-solid conversion material.

[1044] Preferably, a connecting device is provided between at least two adjacent turns in each turn of the spiral. The connecting device prevents relative movement between the two contacting spiral turns, enhances the stiffness between the two spiral turns, and increases the overall stiffness of the spiral. Preferably, the connecting devices are distributed on the surface of the spiral material according to a certain pattern. The distributed connecting devices act as pins, preventing relative sliding between the solid fluid-solid conversion material and the spiral. Preferably, the connecting device is a block located between two spiral turns, with its two sides connected to the two spiral turns respectively. Preferably, the connecting device is a spiral-shaped strip located in the gaps between the spiral turns, and in cross-section, each side of the spiral strip contacts the spiral at at least one point or at least one segment; preferably, each side of the strip contacts and connects to the spiral at at least one point or at least one segment.

[1045] Preferably, the spiral material is processed with... passage hole The channel opening serves as a connecting channel between the inner and outer regions. Preferably, it is on a certain spiral material. passage hole The area of ​​the spiral material without channels or pores on one or both adjacent turns. Preferably, the area of ​​a single channel or pore is larger than that of a single channel or pore. Thickening pores Hole The area.

[1046] 《1.9.》Pressure Supply Device

[1047] The range of pressure supply devices includes pressurization devices, energy storage devices, and pressurized energy storage devices.

[1048] Energy storage devices (1.9.1)

[1049] The energy storage device has the following characteristics.

[1050] When the pressure on the outer surface of the energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device decreases, and the energy storage device absorbs energy; or / and when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device increases, and the energy storage device releases energy.

[1051] The range of energy storage devices includes airbags, gas-liquid airbags, liquid energy storage airbags, solid elastomer energy storage devices, elastic shell energy storage devices, and combined energy storage devices. Some pressurized devices also have energy storage functions.

[1052] The airbag is characterized by being filled with compressed gas. The gas-liquid bladder is characterized by being filled with liquefied gas, with a portion of the internal medium in a gaseous state and another portion in a liquid state. The gas-liquid bladder's characteristic is that the gas pressure within it is determined by the properties of the gaseous substance and temperature. Because the gas pressure is independent of volume, even with large changes in apparent volume, the gas-liquid bladder can provide a constant pressure to the surrounding medium as long as both gas and liquid are present. Both the airbag and the gas-liquid bladder possess energy storage properties.

[1053] The energy storage bladder is characterized in that it is connected to an accumulator via a pipeline. When the liquid pressure in the bladder increases, the liquid is squeezed into the accumulator; when the liquid pressure in the bladder decreases, the liquid in the accumulator flows out of the accumulator.

[1054] The elastomeric energy storage device is characterized in that it does not contain macroscopic cavities, and the material of the device is a material with a high elastic deformation capacity. Preferably, the material with a high elastic deformation capacity is a material such as rubber or / and polyurethane elastomer.

[1055] The Flexible shell energy storage device The characteristic is that it is made of an elastic material, and the shell surrounds a closed cavity; when subjected to the pressure of the surrounding liquid, at least a portion of the shell undergoes bending deformation. This type of shell mainly stores energy through bending deformation.

[1056] The Combined energy storage device The device is characterized by comprising a material E with a large elastic deformation and a material S with high stiffness. The apparent volume deformation of the energy storage device leads to shear elastic deformation of material E. A portion of the energy absorbed during the apparent volume deformation is converted into elastic energy absorbed by material E during shear deformation. A portion of the energy released during the apparent volume deformation comes from the elastic energy released by material E during shear deformation. Preferably, the material E with a large elastic deformation is selected from rubber, polyurethane elastomers, etc. Preferably, the material S with high stiffness is selected from steel, aluminum, fiber-reinforced composite materials, etc. Preferably, the combined energy storage device consists of rubber blocks and / or polyurethane elastic blocks placed in the cavity of the elastic shell energy storage device. Preferably, the elastic shell is a metal tube sealed at both ends, with a cross-sectional shape selected from elliptical, trilobal, and tetralobal shapes, and the rubber blocks and / or polyurethane blocks placed in its cavity do not completely fill the cavity.

[1057] Figure 45 and Figure 46 Two combined energy storage devices are shown. Figure 45 In the diagram, 45.a and 45.b represent the cross-sectional shapes of the device before and after pressure application, respectively. The elastic outer shell 312 of the combined energy storage device is a tube with an elliptical cross-section sealed at both ends, made of a material S with high stiffness. Preferably, the material S is steel. Several support blocks 310 exist within the cavity enclosed by the outer shell 312, arranged along the direction of the tube, with a certain spacing between the support blocks. The support blocks are made of a material E with a large elastic deformation; preferably, the material E is rubber. When the energy storage device is subjected to pressure from the surrounding flowable medium, the major axis of the elliptical cross-section of the elastic outer shell becomes longer, and the minor axis becomes shorter; the support blocks, after being compressed by the tube wall, become thinner, and their width and length become larger. The spacing between the support blocks 310 must meet the following requirement: before the cross-sectional shape changes to shape 45.b, adjacent support blocks do not come into contact.

[1058] exist Figure 46 In the diagram, 46.a and 46.b represent the shapes before and after compression, respectively. The elastic shell is a tube closed at both ends, and before compression, its cross-section is approximately a rounded quadrilateral. The outer contour of the shell's cross-section consists of two convex curves with different curvatures, the radii of curvature at the four corners being much smaller than the radii of curvature at the four sides. Several rubber support blocks 310 are disposed in the cavity, with spacing between them along the axial direction. After compression, the four sides of the elastic shell change from outward convexity to inward convexity, and the support blocks 310 in the cavity expand outwards after being compressed. Even after expansion, gaps still exist between adjacent support blocks. Preferably, lubricant is applied to the contact surfaces between the support blocks 310 and the elastic shell 312 to ensure that the deformation of each support block is as uniform as possible, preventing localized damage.

[1059] exist Figure 45 and Figure 46 If the cavity does not contain a support block 310, and the outer shell 312 is made of spring steel or titanium alloy, then the outer shell 312 is an elastic outer shell energy storage device.

[1060] 1.9.2. Pressurization device

[1061] The pressurizing device is characterized by its ability to change or maintain the pressure between its outer surface and the medium in contact with it.

[1062] The range of pressurization devices includes pressurization airbags, pressurization liquid bags, pressurization gas-liquid bags, self-expanding devices, and pressurization devices utilizing osmotic pressure.

[1063] The pressurized airbag is connected to a pressure source via a pipeline, which can regulate the gas pressure in the pipeline and the airbag. Preferably, the pressure source is an air pump or a high-pressure gas cylinder. Preferably, a valve is installed on the pipeline between the airbag and the pressure source; when the valve is closed, the pressurized airbag becomes an energy storage device. When the air pump stops working, the pressurized airbag also becomes an energy storage device.

[1064] The pressurized liquid bladder is connected to a hydraulic power source via a pipeline, which can regulate the liquid pressure in the pipeline and the bladder. Preferably, an accumulator is also connected to the pipeline of the pressurized liquid bladder. If the accumulator volume is small, the accumulator only serves to stabilize the pressure, and the pressurized liquid bladder can still be regarded as a pressurized liquid bladder; if the accumulator volume is large, the pressurized liquid bladder becomes a pressurized energy storage liquid bladder.

[1065] The pressurized gas-liquid bladder is connected to a gas pressure source and / or a hydraulic pressure source via a pipeline, and the gas pressure source and / or the hydraulic pressure source can adjust the gas and / or liquid pressure in the pipeline and the gas-liquid bladder.

[1066] 1.9.3. Pressurized Energy Storage Device

[1067] The pressurized energy storage device has two operating modes: pressurization and energy storage.

[1068] (1) When the pressurized energy storage device adopts the pressurized working mode, the device is able to change or maintain the pressure between its outer surface and the medium in contact with it;

[1069] (2) When the pressurized energy storage device adopts the energy storage working mode, if the pressure of the surrounding fluid medium increases, the apparent volume of the pressurized energy storage device decreases; or / and if the pressure of the surrounding fluid medium decreases, the apparent volume of the pressurized energy storage device increases.

[1070] The selection range of the pressurized energy storage device includes pressurized airbags, pressurized gas-liquid airbags, pressurized energy storage liquid airbags, Type A self-expanding devices, and Type B self-expanding devices.

[1071] The pressurized airbag is connected to a pressure source, which is a high-pressure gas cylinder or an air pump. A valve is installed between the airbag and the pressure source. When the valve is closed and the air pump pressurizes, the pressurized airbag is in pressurization mode; when the valve is closed or the air pump is closed, the pressurized airbag is in energy storage mode.

[1072] When liquefied gas is injected into the pressurized gas-liquid bladder, the gas volume increases rapidly as the liquid vaporizes, and the pressure also increases accordingly. Once the pressure reaches the saturated vapor pressure, an equilibrium state is reached, and the pressure remains constant. The liquid vaporization process is a pressurization process, and the gas-liquid bladder operates in pressurization mode. When the pressure equals the saturated vapor pressure, the gas-liquid bladder enters energy storage mode.

[1073] The pressurized energy storage bladder is characterized in that it is connected to both a hydraulic power source and an accumulator via pipelines. The hydraulic power source can regulate the liquid pressure in the pipelines; preferably, the hydraulic power source is a hydraulic pump. The accumulator can store and release energy, stabilizing the liquid pressure. When the pressurized energy storage bladder is in pressurized operating mode, the hydraulic pump is working, transmitting pressure to the liquid in the bladder through the pipelines; when the bladder is in energy storage operating mode, the hydraulic pump stops working or / and there is no connection between the hydraulic pump and the bladder, but the bladder is connected to the accumulator. When the hydraulic power source can maintain a constant pressure, although the pressure in the bladder is also constant, the bladder is still in pressurized operating mode.

[1074] 1.10. Pressure Supply Devices and Classification

[1075] According to their applications, the bladder-type pressurization devices include the following three types: bladder-type pressurization devices, bladder-type energy storage devices, and bladder-type pressurized energy storage devices. The bladder-type pressurization devices can be further divided into pressurized air bladders, pressurized liquid bladders, and pressurized gas-liquid bladders; the bladder-type energy storage devices can be divided into air bladders, gas-liquid bladders, and energy-storing liquid bladders; and the bladder-type pressurized energy storage devices can be divided into pressurized air bladders, pressurized gas-liquid bladders, and pressurized energy-storing liquid bladders.

[1076] Based on the deformation characteristics of the bladder, the bladder-type pressure supply devices include the following types: ordinary bladder, upper limit bladder, lower limit bladder, and dual-limit bladder. Preferably, the air bladder, gas-liquid bladder, and liquid bladder used as pressure supply devices can all be made into ordinary bladders, upper limit bladders, lower limit bladders, or dual-limit bladders; correspondingly, the air bladder is successively called ordinary air bladder, upper limit air bladder, lower limit air bladder, and dual-limit air bladder, the liquid bladder is successively called ordinary liquid bladder, upper limit liquid bladder, lower limit liquid bladder, and upper limit liquid bladder, and the gas-liquid bladder is successively called ordinary gas-liquid bladder, upper limit gas-liquid bladder, lower limit gas-liquid bladder, and dual-limit gas-liquid bladder.

[1077] 《1.10.1.》Ordinary Bag

[1078] The ordinary bladder can achieve an apparent volume change by changing its shape and / or size, and its volume increases with the increase of the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the bladder before rupture. Preferably, the bladder wall is made of a material that is easily bent and / or easily stretched. Preferably, the bladder wall material is rubber. The bladder walls of the ordinary air bladder, ordinary gas-liquid bladder, and ordinary liquid bladder are all made of materials that are easily bent and easily stretched; preferably, the bladder wall material of the ordinary air bladder, ordinary gas-liquid bladder, and ordinary liquid bladder is rubber.

[1079] When the energy storage device is a conventional airbag or a conventional gas-liquid bladder, one preferred approach is to inflate the airbag or gas-liquid bladder to the designed pressure value only when the airbag or gas-liquid bladder is within the closed cavity of the supporting device. When the pressure reaches the designed value, the outer wall of the airbag or gas-liquid bladder is in close contact with the inner wall of the supporting device, resulting in contact compressive stress. The air pressure in the airbag or gas-liquid bladder is almost equal to the normal stress between the outer surface of the airbag or gas-liquid bladder and the inner surface of the supporting device. Preferably, a shield is placed in the holes or gaps of the inner wall of the supporting device to prevent the bladder wall from being squeezed into the holes or gaps. Preferably, the shield is a sheet-like object; more preferably, the shield is a plastic sheet or a metal sheet.

[1080] The upper limit of the 1.10.2.

[1081] The upper limit bladder has the following characteristics: if the inner and outer surfaces of the bladder wall are only in contact with fluid, when the pressure difference between the inside and outside is greater than a certain critical value, the apparent volume and external shape of the upper limit bladder are relatively stable and no longer change significantly with the increase of pressure difference.

[1082] Preferably, the upper limit bladder changes its volume by changing its shape; preferably, the bladder wall material is a material that can be bent but has very little tensile deformation; preferably, the bladder wall material is a thin-walled metal material; preferably, the bladder wall material is manufactured by coating a high-strength fiber fabric with an airtight material such as curable rubber.

[1083] Preferably, the upper limit bladder increases the apparent volume by changing its shape and / or size. Preferably, the bladder wall material has the following characteristics: when the tensile stress is below a certain value, the tensile strain of the bladder wall material increases significantly with increasing tensile stress; when the tensile stress reaches a certain value, the tensile strain of the bladder wall material remains almost constant with increasing tensile stress. Preferably, the bladder wall of the upper limit bladder contains a large deformation matrix material (such as rubber) and high elastic modulus fibers (such as aramid fibers). When the bladder wall is not stretched, the fiber shape is triangular, sinusoidal, or helical, and the fiber length in each cycle is less than the thickness of the bladder wall; when the bladder wall is fully stretched, the previously zigzag or curved fibers in one cycle are straightened. Compared to before the fibers are straightened, after the fibers are straightened, the tensile strain of the bladder wall material hardly increases with increasing tensile stress.

[1084] Preferably, the upper limit bladder is a constraint sleeve wrapped around a regular bladder. The constraint sleeve is made of high-strength fiber, and when the regular bladder expands to a point of close contact with the constraint sleeve, the constraint sleeve restricts the expansion of the bladder wall. If the internal fluid pressure is further increased, the bladder wall and the constraint sleeve will work together to resist the pressure of the fluid inside the bladder, thus limiting the amount of bladder expansion.

[1085] The upper limit shape and volume of the upper limit bladder must be suitable for working in conjunction with the support device.

[1086] Preferably, the upper limit bladder is an upper limit air bladder or an upper limit gas-liquid bladder; preferably, when the upper limit bladder reaches its upper volume limit, its shape and size are suitable for being placed into the cavity of the support device.

[1087] Preferably, only one upper limit airbag or upper limit gas-liquid airbag with the required air pressure is placed in the cavity of the support device, and the upper limit airbag fills or almost fills the cavity; preferably, multiple upper limit airbags or upper limit gas-liquid airbags with the required air pressure are placed in the cavity of the support device.

[1088] Will Figure 1 respectively with Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 This example illustrates the spatial relationship between several types of bladder-type pressure supply devices and support devices. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the combination, the length of the upper limit airbag 31 or the upper limit liquid bag 31 is lower than the length of the support device, and when the airbag 31 or the liquid bag 31 reaches the upper limit volume, its cross-sectional outer diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the tube.

[1089] exist Figure 1 and 3 In this combination, multiple capsule-shaped upper limit air bladders or upper limit gas-liquid bladders are placed inside the tube, and the total length of the air bladders or gas-liquid bladders is equal to or slightly smaller than that of the supporting device. In this diagram, the pressure supply device is a bladder-type energy storage device.

[1090] exist Figure 1 and 5 In the combination, Figure 1 The supporting shell in Figure 5 The same in Figure 1 The bladder-type pressure supply device in the middle was changed to Figure 5 The supporting device is a tube with a large diameter, inside which multiple spherical upper limit airbags or spherical upper limit gas-liquid airbags are placed. Preferably, the ends of the tube 321.01 or / and 322.01 are not sealed; preferably, all ends are sealed.

[1091] Preferably, when the upper limit of volume is reached, the diameter of the spherical upper limit airbag or the upper limit gas-liquid airbag is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the support device; preferably, when the upper limit of volume is reached, the ratio of the diameter of the spherical upper limit airbag or the upper limit gas-liquid airbag to the inner diameter of the tube is between 0.5 and 0.7, or between 0.7 and 0.95.

[1092] Preferably, the support device is a spherical shell or an ellipsoidal shell, and one or more spherical upper limit airbags or upper limit gas-liquid bladders are placed in the cavity of the shell.

[1093] Lower limit of 1.10.3.

[1094] The lower limit bladder has the following characteristics: when the internal and external pressure difference is negative, the shape and / or apparent volume of the bladder is the shape and volume required by design. The internal and external pressure difference is the difference between the fluid pressure inside the bladder and the fluid pressure outside the bladder.

[1095] Preferably, a support of a certain shape is placed inside the lower bladder, and the shape of the support determines the final shape of the bladder wall under external high pressure. Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the support can be selected from a range including trilobal, quadrilobal, dumbbell, and circular shapes, etc., see [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 42-44 When the pressure bladder contains a small amount of gas or liquid, one preferred embodiment is that the support is made of a trilobal, quadrilobal, dumbbell-shaped, or circular tube with numerous small holes distributed on the tube wall, allowing gas to pass through; preferably, the diameter of the small holes is between 0.1-1 mm. When the bladder wall is pressed into contact with the outer surface of the tube, the gas in the air bladder, or the gas and liquid in the gas-liquid bladder, is forced into the interior of the tube. Sealing devices are provided at both ends of the tube, with smooth surfaces to prevent puncturing the bladder wall.

[1096] Preferably, when the bladder wall material has a certain elongation and deformation capacity in the tangential direction, the perimeter of the bladder wall section is slightly smaller than the perimeter of the support section. When the tangential elongation capacity of the bladder wall material is very small, the perimeter of the bladder section is approximately equal to the perimeter of the support section.

[1097] Preferably, when the tangential elongation capacity of the capsule wall material is very large (such as rubber), the support can be selected in the form of dumbbell, trilobal, or quadrilobal shapes, or in the form of circles, rounded triangles, or rounded squares.

[1098] Figure 43 This is a schematic diagram of a trilobal support being placed inside the bladder. At this point, the static pressure on the outer surface of the surrounding bladder wall presses the bladder wall 312 tightly against the surface of the support 311. The shape of the bladder wall 312 is the same as that of the support 311. When the fluid pressure inside the bladder is greater than the surrounding static pressure, the lower bladder expands. When the bladder wall is fully expanded, the cross-section will be approximately circular, as shown in the diagram. Figure 44 .

[1099] Preferably, the lower limit bladder is filled with a liquefiable gas, or simultaneously filled with a liquefiable gas and a liquid. When the external pressure reaches or exceeds the design value, the gas inside the bladder is compressed into a liquid. The liquid inside the bladder has a fixed volume, which can prevent damage to the bladder wall material due to severe wrinkling.

[1100] 《1.10.4.》Dual-limit airbag, dual-limit air-liquid airbag

[1101] In the combined volume compensation device, the pressure supply device is a dual-limiting airbag and / or a dual-limiting gas-liquid airbag.

[1102] Both dual-limit airbags and dual-limit gas-liquid airbags possess the characteristics of both an upper limit airbag and a lower limit airbag, meaning they have the following two characteristics:

[1103] (1) Under conditions where both the inner and outer surfaces of the bladder wall are in contact with the fluid, when the pressure difference exceeds a certain critical value, the apparent volume and external shape of the upper limit bladder remain relatively stable and no longer change significantly with the increase of the pressure difference. The pressure difference is the difference between the fluid pressure inside and outside the bladder.

[1104] (2) When the pressure difference is negative, the shape and / or apparent volume of the airbag and the air-liquid bag are the shape and volume required by the design.

[1105] 1.10.5. Long pouch

[1106] When the support device is a pipe with perforated walls, one of the preferred types of pressure supply devices is a long bladder.

[1107] The elongated bladder is characterized in that, after being filled with fluid, it has an elongated shape. Preferably, the elongated bladder is a single, elongated bladder, characterized in that the bladder wall is made of a single piece of the same material.

[1108] Preferably, the elongated bladder is an elongated composite bladder, which includes a flexible tube wall and sealing devices at both ends, with the flexible tube wall connected to the sealing devices at both ends.

[1109] Preferably, the material of the flexible pipe wall is capable of bending at least in the circumferential direction, and the bending stiffness is close to 0; preferably, the elongation strain of the material of the flexible pipe in the circumferential direction is less than a given value δ; preferably, the elongation strain of the material of the flexible pipe in the circumferential direction is greater than a given value δ; preferably, δ is less than or equal to 5%.

[1110] Preferably, the flexible tube wall is a rubber tube or a flexible PVC tube that can elongate in the circumferential direction. Preferably, the flexible tube wall is a thin-walled metal tube with a wall thickness close to the side wall thickness of an aluminum can; preferably, before the fluid is filled into the bladder, the cross-sectional shape of the bladder is trilobal or quadrilobal.

[1111] Preferably, the elongated bladder is a regular bladder, an upper limit bladder, a lower limit bladder, or a dual-limit bladder.

[1112] Long, narrow, ordinary sacs have a weakness: they are prone to radial expansion exceeding that of other segments within a certain range, even to the point of rupture; they are also prone to radial compression exceeding that of other segments within a certain range, even to the point of being flattened.

[1113] The advantage of a long, double-limited sac is that even if the sac is very long and the lateral expansion of the sac wall is uneven along its entire length, the sac wall will not be damaged due to the existence of an upper and lower limit.

[1114] 1.10.6. Dispersible capsules

[1115] Preferably, in the combined volume compensation device, the pressure supply device is a dispersion capsule. The dispersion capsule is characterized by containing multiple capsule-type pressure supply devices within the internal region of the support device. Figure 3 In the support device 32, the internal region contains multiple short, elongated airbags and / or elongated gas-liquid airbags; Figure 5 In the support device 32, the internal area contains multiple spherical airbags and / or spherical gas-liquid airbags.

[1116] The advantages of dispersion capsules are: when the mechanical properties of the fluid-solid conversion material in the region are non-uniform or / and the pressure is non-uniform, each dispersion capsule can still undergo volume change; if the volume change of the dispersion capsule is considered as a whole, the total volume change of the dispersion capsule can be relatively uniformly distributed in each individual dispersion capsule. However, if a large ordinary capsule is used to replace numerous dispersion capsules, the large capsule is prone to significant expansion or contraction in a certain local area.

[1117] 1.11. Self-expanding device

[1118] The self-expanding device is a device whose apparent volume can expand, or a device whose apparent volume can expand under certain conditions.

[1119] Preferably, the self-expanding device includes type A, type B and type C self-expanding devices; preferably, the type A self-expanding device includes type A1a and type A1b self-expanding devices.

[1120] Type A Self-Expanding Device (1.11.1.)

[1121] The Type A self-expanding device comprises an outer casing and a gas generating device. The outer casing is a sealed device made of an impermeable or nearly impermeable material that can alter its apparent volume, or a sealed device whose shape and apparent volume can be altered; impermeability means that pressurized gas and / or liquid cannot leak through the outer casing. When certain preset conditions are met, the gas generating device generates gas, which compresses the outer casing from the inside, increasing the apparent volume of the self-expanding device.

[1122] Preferably, the outer skin of the type A self-expanding device is a closed device made of polymer material, which, when fully inflated, has a tubular, spherical, or ellipsoidal shape; preferably, the polymer material is rubber.

[1123] Preferably, the outer casing of the type A self-expanding device is a non-circular cross-section thin-walled metal tube sealed at both ends. When the inner wall is compressed, the thin-walled tube undergoes a shape change, and the apparent volume increases.

[1124] Type A1 self-expanding device (1.11.2.)

[1125] The gas generating device in the Type A1 self-expanding device contains at least two materials, which are normally isolated from each other; when certain conditions are met, the two materials are mixed together, a chemical reaction occurs, and gas is generated, which pushes the outer skin to expand.

[1126] Preferably, when the pressure on the gas generating device reaches a preset value, the two materials are mixed to generate gas. Preferably, the two materials are sodium bicarbonate and a liquid containing hydrogen ions. Preferably, a safety valve is installed on the self-expanding device to ensure that the gas pressure is maintained near the preset value. When the gas pressure exceeds the preset pressure value of the safety valve, the gas is discharged from the valve port; when the gas pressure is lower than the preset value, the safety valve closes.

[1127] Preferably, the two materials that generate gas are water and polyurethane grout.

[1128] 1.11.3. Type A1a self-expanding device – brittle outer shell capsule

[1129] The Type 1a self-expanding device contains chemical component a within a sealed space enclosed by its outer shell, and a device encasing chemical component b within a brittle outer shell. When chemical components a and b are mixed, they generate gas. To induce expansion of the self-expanding device, it is simply squeezed. The expansion mechanism is as follows: when the outer shell of the self-expanding device is squeezed, it compresses the brittle inner shell, causing it to rupture. This allows chemical components a and b to mix, generating gas, which then propels the outer shell to expand.

[1130] Preferably, the brittle outer shell is a tube 313 made of a brittle material, closed at both ends, with a non-circular cross-section. Further, the cross-section of the brittle material tube is elliptical, rectangular, or a combination of a rectangle and two semicircles, see [reference needed]. Figure 39 Preferably, the brittle material is a brittle polymer or glass; more preferably, the brittle polymer is a brittle plastic.

[1131] Preferably, the outer casing of the self-expanding device is a rubber tube 310 sealed at both ends, see... Figure 40The rubber tube contains chemical component a (312) and a rectangular glass tube 313 sealed at both ends. The liquid inside the glass tube is chemical component b (314). When the rubber tube is squeezed by the surrounding hydrostatic pressure, the rubber tube squeezes the indigo root 313 inside, causing it to rupture. This allows the liquid chemical component a (314) to flow out and react with component b (312) to produce gas. Further, component a is sodium carbonate and component b is hydrochloric acid. Preferably, component a is polyurethane grout and component b is water. The two are mixed and foamed, resulting in volume expansion. After curing, the product also has a certain strength.

[1132] Preferably, the mass of chemical components a and b is determined based on the mass of the produced gas, which is determined based on the ambient temperature, gas volume, and gas pressure.

[1133] Preferably, a safety valve is provided on the self-expanding device to release part of the gas when the gas pressure exceeds the preset value, ensuring that the pressure does not exceed the specified value.

[1134] 1.11.4. Type A1b self-expanding device – brittle outer shell capsule

[1135] Two sealed devices, A and B, are placed in the sealed space of a type A1b self-expanding device. Both devices have brittle outer shells. Device A contains a chemical component a, and device B contains another chemical component b. When components a and b are mixed, they generate gas. When devices A and B are compressed by their outer shell 310, they break successively. The mixture of components a and b produces gas, which expands and pushes the self-expanding device to expand, increasing its apparent volume.

[1136] Preferably, the self-expanding device is a PVC pipe 310 sealed at both ends, see Figure 41 Inside the PVC pipe 310 are two rectangular, brittle plastic tubes 311 and 313, each closed at both ends. Tube 311 is filled with a liquid 312 of chemical composition a, and tube 313 is filled with a liquid 3214 of chemical composition b. When the brittle plastic tubes are compressed by the outer sheath of the self-expanding device, if the pressure reaches a certain value, tubes 3211 and 3213 will rupture sequentially or simultaneously. When liquids 314 and 312 from both tubes flow out, they mix and undergo a chemical reaction, producing gas that pushes the rubber tubes outwards.

[1137] Preferably, component a is a sodium carbonate solution and component b is hydrochloric acid.

[1138] Preferably, component a is polyurethane grout and component b is water. When the two are mixed, they foam and expand in volume. After curing, the resulting product also has a certain strength.

[1139] 1.11.5. Type B Self-Expanding Device – Shape Memory Alloy Device

[1140] The type B self-expanding device is made of shape memory alloy, or the material used contains shape memory alloy.

[1141] When the temperature changes, the shape of the shape memory alloy changes, which in turn causes the volume of the self-expanding device to change.

[1142] When the temperature is within the T1 range, the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the self-expanding device is at its minimum or close to its minimum; when the temperature is within the T2 range, the outer surface volume of the device is at its maximum or close to its maximum; the internal temperature of the combined structure is not within the T1 range, but is within the T2 range.

[1143] Before applying pressure to the material of part B in the cavity surrounded by part A, the shape memory alloy self-expanding device is placed in the temperature range of T1; after being placed in the cavity surrounded by part A, the outer volume of the device expands due to the temperature being in the temperature range of T2, thus compressing the material of part B.

[1144] A commonly used self-expanding device is a tube made of shape memory alloy and sealed at both ends. When the temperature enters the T2 range, the cross-sectional shape of the tube wall changes, the volume surrounding the outer surface expands, and pressure is applied to the cement-containing material; when the cross-sectional shape of the tube wall changes, at least one section of the tube wall bends; since the tube wall can store a large amount of elastic energy when it bends, this device also has an energy storage function.

[1145] Another type of self-expanding device is made by combining flexible materials with shape memory alloys. When the shape memory alloy changes shape, it causes the flexible material to change as well, thereby changing the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the self-expanding device.

[1146] Working characteristics of the combined volume compensation device (1.12.)

[1147] When the combined volume compensation device works in conjunction with the fluid-solid conversion material, it has the following two characteristics, A and B.

[1148] (a) The characteristic I is,

[1149] When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state, the connecting channel is suitable for the fluid-solid conversion material to flow through it;

[1150] (ii) The characteristic II is,

[1151] When fluid-solid conversion materials are in a solid state, they have the following properties:

[1152] There exists at least one region P, in which a support device exists; if the following conditions A and / or B are met, the support device and the fluid-solid conversion material form a composite shell; the composite shell is capable of withstanding the pressure transmitted from the surrounding external medium.

[1153] (1) Condition A is,

[1154] The support device is surrounded or enclosed by a fluid-solid conversion material, which has solidified and is bonded to the support device.

[1155] (2) Condition B is,

[1156] The connection channel between the inner and outer regions of the support device is filled with a fluid-solid conversion material that has become solid and is bonded to the support device.

[1157] The fluid-solid conversion material exists in two states: a flowable state and a solid state, and can transition from a flowable state to a solid state.

[1158] The composite shell's ability to withstand pressure from the surrounding medium is entirely due to its inherent properties. Even without a pressure supply device or solid fluid-solid conversion material within the internal region of the support device, the composite shell can still withstand pressure from the surrounding external medium once the fluid-solid conversion material becomes solid.

[1159] The fluid-solid conversion material exists in two states: a flowable state and a solid state, and can transition from the flowable state to the solid state. 《2》. Pressurization device and pressurization method utilizing osmotic pressure.

[1160] 2.1. Pressurization device

[1161] A pressurization device utilizing osmotic pressure, comprising a container P, a cavity Q, and a semi-permeable membrane, has the following characteristics: (one)

[1163] (1) A zero-concentration or non-zero-concentration solution exists in the container P, and a non-zero-concentration solution exists in the cavity Q;

[1164] (2) The solvent of the solution in the container P can and can only enter the cavity Q through the semipermeable membrane;

[1165] (3) The osmotic pressure of the solution in cavity Q is greater than zero for at least a certain period of time; (two)

[1167] The cavity Q has at least one of the following two characteristics.

[1168] (1) In the outer shell surrounding the cavity Q, at least a portion of the outer shell has a structure and / or material suitable for the volume of the cavity Q to increase or / or decrease;

[1169] (2) There is a cavity R connected to the cavity Q; in the shell surrounding the cavity R, at least a portion of the shell structure and / or material is adapted to increase or decrease the volume of the cavity R.

[1170] The osmotic pressure of the solution in container Q refers to the minimum additional pressure applied to the high concentration side (cavity Q) in order to prevent the solvent from permeating from the low concentration side (in container P) through the semipermeable membrane to the high concentration side (in cavity Q).

[1171] The zero-concentration solution refers to a solution with a solute content of zero.

[1172] 2.1.1. Integrated pressurization device

[1173] Preferably, the pressurizing device is an integrated pressurizing device, characterized in that at least a portion of the shell surrounding the cavity Q has a structure and / or material suitable for increasing or decreasing the volume of the cavity Q. Preferably, at least a portion of the shell of the cavity Q is made of a material with high deformability; preferably, the material with high deformability is rubber; preferably, at least a portion of the shell of the cavity Q is a rubber sleeve. Preferably, at least a portion of the shell of the cavity Q has pleats, and when these pleats are unfolded, the volume of the cavity Q increases; preferably, at least a length of the shell has a dumbbell-shaped, trilobal, or tetralobal cross-section (see...). Figures 42-44 If the volume of cavity Q is suitable for expansion, the solvent in container P enters cavity Q, causing cavity Q to expand, thereby putting pressure on the surrounding medium from the outer shell.

[1174] 《2.1.2.》Separate pressurization device

[1175] Preferably, the pressurizing device is a separate pressurizing device, characterized by the presence of a cavity R connected to the cavity Q; in the outer shell surrounding the cavity R, at least a portion of the shell's structure and / or material is adapted to allow the volume of the cavity R to increase or decrease. Preferably, the cavity R and the cavity Q are connected by a pipeline, the device containing the cavity R is a pressurizing liquid bladder, and the device containing containers P, Q, and a semi-permeable membrane is a hydraulic power source.

[1176] When there is a cavity R with a variable volume connected to the cavity Q, if liquid in container P enters cavity Q, more liquid will enter cavity R, causing cavity R and its outer shell to expand, thereby applying pressure to the medium around the outer shell.

[1177] Preferably, a check valve is installed on the connecting pipe between cavity Q and cavity R. This valve allows the solution in cavity Q to enter container P, but does not allow the solution in container P to enter cavity Q. When the concentration of the solution in cavity R is lower than that in cavity Q, if the low-concentration solution in cavity R can enter cavity Q, it will increase the consumption of solute in cavity Q, which should be avoided.

[1178] Preferably, a solute storage tank is additionally provided, which is connected to cavity Q via a pipeline, allowing the solution in cavity Q to enter the storage tank. When the concentration of the solution in cavity Q decreases, the solute in the storage tank will enter the solution inside the tank, and then diffuse into the solution in cavity Q through the pipeline.

[1179] Preferably, the devices corresponding to containers P and Q are placed outside the combined structural member; preferably, the solute storage tank is placed outside the combined structural member.

[1180] 2.1.3. Solvent, Solute, Solution

[1181] Preferably, in the container P, the solvent is water, and the solute is a salt and / or a base, or the solute is a salt and / or an acid.

[1182] Preferably, in the cavity Q, the solvent is water, and the solute is a salt and / or a base, or the solute is a salt and / or an acid; preferably, undissolved solute is present in the solution.

[1183] Preferably, the solute in the cavity Q is alcohol or 2-butoxyethanol, and the solution in the container P is water with zero concentration.

[1184] Preferably, the solute in the cavity Q comprises salt and alcohol, or alkali and alcohol, or salt, alkali and alcohol, and also includes undissolved salt and / or alkali in the cavity Q. Preferably, the solution in the container P is water with a solute concentration of zero, or an aqueous solution with a solute concentration greater than 0.

[1185] 2.1.4. Semi-permeable membrane

[1186] Preferably, the semi-permeable membrane is a hollow fiber permeable membrane; preferably, the permeable membrane is a forward osmosis membrane; preferably, a porous support layer is provided on the inner or outer side of the membrane layer with semi-permeable membrane properties. Preferably, the osmotic pressure of the solution outside the hollow fiber is higher than the osmotic pressure of the liquid inside the hollow fiber pores; preferably, the osmotic pressure of the solution inside the hollow fiber pores is higher than the osmotic pressure of the liquid outside the hollow fiber.

[1187] Preferably, the permeation membrane is combined with a support layer. Preferably, the structure of the permeation membrane after installation and fixation is plate-and-frame (plate type), tubular type, or spiral type.

[1188] 2.2. Preferred Scheme

[1189] 2.2.1. Preferred Scheme Ia

[1190] Preferred option Ia involves providing a solvent supply line outlet in container P, which is then filled with a zero-concentration solution. When the pressure in cavity Q equals the osmotic pressure, the solvent in container P no longer passes through the semi-permeable membrane into cavity Q. This option maintains the pressure in cavity Q at the osmotic pressure.

[1191] 2.2.2. Preferred Scheme Ib

[1192] Preferably, the solvent level in container P is adjusted by switching a valve on the solvent supply line, so that only a small amount of solvent remains in container P. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 47 When the volume expansion of cavity Q and / or R, or the solution pressure, is about to reach the preset value, close the valve on the solvent supply line to prevent further solvent from entering container P. Once all or almost all the water in container P has entered cavity Q, the volume of cavity Q and / or R will no longer increase. When it is desired that the volume of cavity Q and / or R continue to increase, open the valve again to inject solvent into container P.

[1193] Optimal Solution II (2.2.3)

[1194] Preferred option II has the following characteristics.

[1195] (1) In container P, the solution is a non-zero concentration solution and the solution occupies only a portion of the volume of container P.

[1196] (2) There is a solvent supply pipeline connected to the container P, and a hydraulically driven valve (hydraulic valve) is installed in the pipeline; the outlet of the hydraulic valve or the outlet of the solvent supply pipeline is in the container P, but in a region of the container P where there is no solution, on the one hand to prevent the solute in the solution from entering the supply pipeline and causing solute to appear in the solvent, and on the other hand to prevent the amount of solute in the container P from decreasing.

[1197] (3) A pressure transmission pipeline is provided, one end of which is connected to the hydraulic valve, and the other end is located in the cavity Q. When the solution pressure in the cavity Q is lower than the first preset value p1, the hydraulic valve is opened, and the solvent in the solvent supply pipeline can enter the container P; when the solution pressure in the cavity Q is higher than the second preset value p2, the hydraulic valve is closed, and the solvent in the solvent supply pipeline cannot enter the container P.

[1198] Preferably, a solute storage tank is connected to cavity Q via a pipeline; preferably, undissolved solid solute and / or liquid solute are placed in the solute storage tank; preferably, the liquid solute is alcohol.

[1199] When container P contains solute, if the solvent content increases, the solution concentration decreases. If the solution concentration in container P decreases, the osmotic pressure in cavity Q increases, causing the solvent in cavity P to continuously pass through the semi-permeable membrane into Q. When the pressure in cavity Q is higher than a preset value p2, the hydraulic valve closes, preventing solvent from entering container P. As solvent continuously enters cavity Q, the solution concentration in container P gradually increases, and the osmotic pressure in cavity Q gradually decreases. When the osmotic pressure in cavity Q is zero, the solvent in container P stops entering cavity Q, and the liquid pressure in cavity Q stops increasing. When the pressure in cavity Q is lower than a preset value p1, the hydraulic valve opens, solvent enters container P, the solution concentration in container P gradually decreases, the osmotic pressure in cavity Q increases, and the solvent in cavity P enters cavity Q, pushing the liquid pressure in cavity Q to increase. Preferably, an accumulator is connected to cavity Q to reduce the fluctuation range of liquid pressure in cavity Q; preferably, an upper limit airbag is provided in cavity Q and / or R to stabilize the pressure.

[1200] Optimal Scheme III (2.2.4)

[1201] Preferably, the difference between Scheme III and Scheme II lies in the pressure control system; the rest is the same. Scheme III employs an electronic pressure control system, which includes a pressure sensor located in cavity Q, a main control unit, and an electric valve. The electric valve is located on a solvent supply line connected to container P. Both the pressure sensor and the electric valve are connected to the main control unit via wires. When the pressure in cavity Q, as detected by the pressure sensor, is lower than a preset value p1, the main control unit issues an opening command, and the electric valve opens, allowing solvent to flow out of the line and into container P. When the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is higher than the preset value p2, the main control unit issues a closing command, and the electric valve closes, preventing solvent from flowing out of the line.

[1202] Preferably, a solute storage tank is connected to cavity Q via a pipeline; preferably, undissolved solid solute and / or liquid solute are placed in the solute storage tank; preferably, the liquid solute is alcohol.

[1203] Example 2.3.

[1204] Example 2.1 (2.3.1)

[1205] like Figure 47As shown, an isolation layer 3122 is provided in the steel pipe 31a to fix the hollow fiber permeable membrane 3123 and divide the internal space of the steel pipe. The isolation layer 3122 is a material composed of solid particles mixed with an adhesive, and the hollow fiber 3123 is bonded to the material of the isolation layer. The isolation layer 3122 and the hollow fiber 3123 divide the internal space of the steel pipe into upper and lower parts: the upper part of the space is container P, the upper boundary of container P is the lower surface of end cap 31a1, and container P is filled with solution 3115; the lower part of the space is part of cavity Q, and the outer surface of the hollow fiber is part of the boundary of the space range of cavity Q. Preferably, the sides near both ends of the hollow fiber permeable membrane 3123 are connected to the isolation layer 3122, and the tube hole of the hollow fiber is in communication with container P; preferably, the side of one end of the hollow fiber is connected to the isolation layer 3122, the tube hole of this end is in communication with container P, and the other end is sealed.

[1206] A solvent supply pipeline 3101 is provided on the upper end plate 31a1, and a valve 3140 is provided on the pipeline.

[1207] The lower side of the steel pipe 31a is connected to the flexible sleeve 31b, and the internal space of the flexible sleeve 31b and the lower space of the steel pipe 31a form a cavity Q. The cavity Q is filled with a solid solute 3126 and a saturated solution 3125. When the solvent in container P enters the cavity Q through the permeation membrane, if there is no solid solute, the solution in the cavity Q will become an unsaturated solution, and the solution concentration will decrease, resulting in a decrease in osmotic pressure. When there is a solid solute in the cavity Q, if new solvent enters the solution, the solution can still remain saturated, and the solution concentration will be constant if there is no temperature change. As the solvent continuously enters the cavity Q through the permeation membrane, the flexible sleeve will expand accordingly, exerting pressure on the surrounding medium.

[1208] Preferably, the solution in container P is a zero-concentration solution; preferably, the solution in container P is water.

[1209] Preferably, the solution in the cavity Q is alcohol; preferably, the solid solute is a salt and / or a base; preferably, the solute in the solution is an acid and / or a salt.

[1210] Preferably, the pressurizing device is placed entirely within the support device of the combined volume compensation device, wherein the solvent supply pipeline 3101 and valve 3140 extend to the outside of the combined structural component and are connected to a water source; preferably, they are connected to a tap water pipe.

[1211] When the pressure or volume expansion of the pressurizing device reaches a preset value, if you want to stop the expansion, close valve 3140 on the solvent supply line, and no more solvent will enter the downstream line. Preferably, in order to stop the volume of container P from entering cavity Q in a timely manner, the volume of container P should be as small as possible, the inner diameter of line 3101 should be as small as possible, and valve 3140 should be as close as possible to the end of line 3101.

[1212] Example 2.2 (2.3.2)

[1213] Example 2.2 Figure 48 As shown, its structure is similar to... Figure 47 The illustrated embodiment 1 has many similarities. Figure 48 The following symbols in and their corresponding positions Figure 47 The meanings of the following are the same: 3122, 3123, 3125, 3126, 31a, 31a1, 31b.

[1214] The differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are as follows: (1) In this embodiment, the amount of solute in the solution 3115 in container P is fixed, while the amount of solvent is variable; (2) Solution 3115 can only occupy a portion of the space in container P, and cannot be completely filled; there must be an unoccupied space area 3114; (3) A hydraulic valve 3140 is provided on the solvent supply pipeline 3101. The valve can be located inside or outside container P, with the end of pipeline 3110 being the optimal location; (4) The end of pipeline 3110 or the outlet of valve 3140 cannot touch solution 3115. Alternatively, a check valve may be installed at the outlet to prevent solute from entering the liquid in the pipeline and causing solute loss; (5) A pressure transmission pipeline 3146 is installed, which is filled with solution from cavity Q and transmits the pressure in cavity Q to hydraulic valve 3140 to push the valve open or close; (6) A water level control valve is installed, and the water level switch and valve 3140 are connected in series; when the water level in container P reaches or exceeds the set value, the water level switch enters the closed state; when the water level is lower than the preset value, the water level switch enters the on state; the water level switch and valve 3140 jointly control pipeline 3110.

[1215] The mechanism by which the hydraulic valve 3140 controls the solution pressure in cavity Q is as follows.

[1216] (1) The water level in container P is lower than the preset value.

[1217] In this state, the water level control valve is closed.

[1218] When the pressure in cavity Q is lower than the first preset value p1, the hydraulic valve 3140 remains closed, allowing solvent to enter container P and flow into solution 3115. Because the amount of solvent increases while the amount of solute remains constant, the concentration of solution 3115 decreases, leading to an increase in the osmotic pressure of solution 3125 in cavity Q. When equilibrium is reached, the solution pressure in cavity Q equals the osmotic pressure.

[1219] When the pressure in cavity Q exceeds the second preset value p2, the hydraulic valve remains closed, preventing solvent from entering container P. Since no new solvent is added, and the solvent in solution 3115 continuously flows out through the permeation membrane, the concentration of solution 3115 in container P increases. This increased concentration of solution 3115 leads to a decrease in the osmotic pressure of the solution in cavity Q. When equilibrium is reached, the pressure of the solution in cavity Q equals the osmotic pressure of the solution in cavity Q. The second preset value p2 is slightly higher than the first preset value p1.

[1220] (2) The water level in container P reaches or exceeds the preset value.

[1221] In this state, the water level control valve is closed, and the solvent in pipe 3101 cannot flow downwards and cannot enter container P.

[1222] When determining the preset water level value, the following conditions must be met: the range of solution concentration variation in container P is suitable for regulating the osmotic pressure in container Q together with the solution concentration in cavity Q, so that the osmotic pressure in container Q varies around the preset values ​​p1 and p2.

[1223] The above control method can control the solution pressure in cavity Q within a certain range, with the lower limit of the range slightly lower than the first preset value p1 and the upper limit slightly higher than the second preset value p2.

[1224] Because the flow rate of the solution through the permeable membrane is low, and it takes a certain amount of time for the pressure of the solution in cavity Q to reach the osmotic pressure, the pressure in cavity Q will deviate from the osmotic pressure difference for a period of time after the hydraulic valve is opened or closed. Therefore, the control accuracy of this method is not very high. However, the compressive stress applied to material B in the composite structure does not need to be very precise. Furthermore, the volume change of material B in the cavity surrounded by part A of the component is very slow, so the accuracy of this method is sufficient to meet the requirements. To reduce pressure fluctuations, an accumulator can also be connected to cavity Q via a pipeline.

[1225] The hydraulic valve, such as Figure 49 and Figure 50 As shown. The round hole F1 is used to connect to the solvent supply line 3101, the round hole F3 is used to connect to the pressure transmission line 3146, and the round hole F2 is the solvent outlet.

[1226] The position of the piston F51 is jointly determined by the pressure in the round hole F3 and the spring F61. When the pressure in the round hole F3 decreases, the piston moves to the left; when the pressure in F3 increases, the piston moves to the right. There is a round hole F52 perpendicular to its axis in the middle of the piston F51. When the pressure in F3 is lower than the first preset value p1, no part of the round hole F52 faces the round holes F1 and F2, and the valve is in the closed state at this time; when the pressure in F3 is higher than the second preset value p2, at least a part of the cross-section of the round hole F52 faces the round holes F1 and F2, and the valve is in the open state at this time.

[1227] In addition, there are also preset values P1 and P2, and P1 < P2. When the pressure in F3 is lower than the preset value P1, the spring F61 pushes the piston to the left end and is in the position as shown in Figure 49 , and the valve remains closed at this time. When the pressure in F3 is higher than the preset value P2, the liquid pushes the piston against the end face of the limiting device F62, and the round hole F51 in the piston is exactly aligned with the round holes F1 and F, and the valve remains fully open at this time.

[1228] 《2.3.3.》Example 2.3

[1229] As shown in Figure 51 , in Example 2.3, the steel pipe 31a, the upper end cover 31a1 and the lower end cover 31a2 form a closed space, and the surfaces of the isolation layer 3122 and the hollow fiber 3123 divide the space into an upper space container P (3111) and a lower space cavity Q. A solution 2115 with a non-zero concentration is filled in the container P, and there is also a part of the remaining space 3114 in the container P. The end of the solvent supply pipeline 3101 is provided with an electric valve 3141, and the outlet of the valve should be kept higher than the liquid level of the solvent 3115. In the cavity Q, undissolved solute 3126 and solution 3125 are filled. In the cavity Q, a pressure sensor 3143 is provided and connected to the main control device 3142 through a signal line; the electric valve 3141 in the container P is also connected to the main control device 3142 through a wire. When the pressure collected by the sensor 3143 is lower than the first preset value p1, the main control device 3142 issues an opening instruction, and the electric valve 3141 enters the open state, allowing the solvent to flow into the container P; when the pressure collected by the sensor 3143 is higher than the second preset value p2, the main control device 3142 issues a closing instruction, and the electric valve 3141 enters the closed state, not allowing the solvent to flow into the container P.

[1230] An outlet pipeline 3102 is provided on the lower end cover, and a check valve 3150 is also provided on this pipeline. The check valve only allows the liquid to flow out of the cavity Q and does not allow it to flow in, so as to prevent the low-concentration liquid from entering the cavity Q to consume the solute.

[1231] The outlet of check valve 3150 is connected to pipe 3103, the other end of which is connected to pressurized liquid bladder, which is placed inside the support device of the combined volume compensation device.

[1232] In this design, there are three placement options for the steel pipe 31a: the first is to place it outside the composite structural member; the second is to place it within the cavity surrounded by part A of the composite structural member, but outside the support device; and the third is to place it inside the support device of the composite volume compensation device. When placed in the first position, the shape and size of the steel pipe 31a are unrestricted. If the total volume of liquid flowing out of the outlet pipe is large, it will consume a significant amount of undissolved solute 3136, requiring a correspondingly larger cavity Q volume. In this case, the first position meets the requirements. When placed in the second position, the steel pipe 31a, end caps 31a1 and 31a2, pipes 310, 3102, 3013, and check valve 3151 must all be able to withstand high pressure to prevent them from becoming weak points when the component is under load. When placed in the third position, there are certain requirements regarding the dimensions of the steel pipe 31a, especially its diameter.

[1233] Example 2.4 (2.3.4)

[1234] In Example 4, the pressurization device is as follows: Figure 52 and Figure 53 As shown. In Figure 53 The following symbols have the same meaning as in Example 3: 31a, 31a1, 3101, 3140, 3146, 3114, 3115, 3122, 3123, 3125. Figure 53 In the cavity, cavity Q is filled with solution 3125. Cavity Q is connected to solute storage tank 316 via pipe 3106. The lower end of cavity Q is a lower end cover 31a2, on which pipe 3102 is installed. Pipe 3102 is connected to pipe 3103 via check valve 3150. Check valve 3150 allows solution in cavity Q to flow out, but does not allow solution in cavity Q to flow in.

[1235] Solute storage tank 316, etc. Figure 52 As shown, tank 316a is made of steel. A pipe 3106 is installed on the lower side of the tank, and a filling port is located at the top of the tank. A flange 3167 is installed at the filling port, and a cover 3168 is connected to the flange to seal the filling port. The filling port is used to add solute material into the storage tank, which is filled with undissolved solid solute 3166 and solution 3165.

[1236] Pipeline 3103 is connected to cavity R. Preferably, the outer shell of cavity R is made of rubber material, and cavity R and its outer shell together form a pressurized liquid bladder; preferably, the pressurized liquid bladder is placed in the internal area of ​​the support device of the combined volume compensation device.

[1237] 3. Liquid Absorption, Expansion, and Pressurization Device

[1238] A liquid absorption, expansion, and pressurization device includes an expansion material and a liquid guiding channel; wherein,

[1239] (1) The expansion material has the following characteristics.

[1240] a. Able to absorb liquid and expand, or / and,

[1241] b. It can react with liquids and expand;

[1242] (2) The liquid guiding channel has the following characteristics.

[1243] The liquid can move along the liquid guiding channel, enter the liquid guiding channel, and flow out of the liquid guiding channel.

[1244] The liquid absorption, expansion, and pressurization device is referred to as... expansion device The liquid channel is used to deliver liquid into the expanding material. Preferably, the reaction between the expanding material and the liquid includes a chemical reaction; preferably, the reaction includes a physical reaction.

[1245] Preferably, a sealing device is provided on the outer surface of the expansion device. The function of the sealing device is to: isolate the expansion device from the surrounding fluid-solid conversion material to prevent the expansion device from absorbing moisture from the fluid-solid conversion material; and / or to ensure the expansion device has a stable shape for transportation and installation. Preferably, the sealing device is capable of changing the volume within its enclosed area; preferably, the sealing device is made of a waterproof material with high deformation capacity; preferably, the sealing device is a rubber sleeve. Preferably, the sealing device is elongated, with a nearly constant perimeter of its cross-section, and the outline of the cross-section includes an inner convex section and an outer convex section; preferably, the sealing device is made of a thin metal sheet; preferably, the cross-section of the expansion device is gear-shaped.

[1246] 3.1. Materials and devices containing fluid channels

[1247] The liquid guiding material and the liquid guiding device each have the following characteristics: the liquid can move inside and / or on the surface of them.

[1248] Preferably, the liquid movement channel of the liquid guiding material includes voids inside the liquid guiding material, and / or voids between the liquid guiding material and the medium in contact with it.

[1249] Preferably, the liquid movement channel of the liquid guiding device includes a void inside the device, and / or a void between the device surface and the medium in contact with it.

[1250] Preferably, the liquid guiding channel is provided by one or more of the following materials or devices: one-dimensional liquid guiding medium, two-dimensional liquid guiding medium, three-dimensional liquid guiding medium, seepage pipe, pores inside the bulk medium and / or voids between bulk media.

[1251] The liquid guiding channel includes voids in the liquid guiding medium, and the voids refer to unoccupied spaces.

[1252] The gaps include, but are not limited to, the following:

[1253] Voids in a solid medium, including pores and tiny voids;

[1254] The gaps between solid particles;

[1255] The void between a solid particle and another solid surface in contact with it, wherein the length and width of the surface are much larger than the particle size;

[1256] The void between a solid particle and the surface of the filamentous material in contact with it, wherein the length of the filamentous material is much larger than the particle size of the solid particle;

[1257] The gaps between filamentous materials that are in contact with each other, wherein the filamentous materials are parallel to each other or at an angle to each other;

[1258] The gap between a filamentous material and another solid surface in contact with it, wherein the length and width of the surface are much larger than the diameter of the filamentous material;

[1259] The gap between the contact surfaces of two solid blocks.

[1260] 3.1.1. One-dimensional liquid-conducting medium

[1261] The One-dimensional liquid-conducting medium The features are: (1) the length of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is much larger than the diameter of the smallest covering circle of its cross-section, and (2) the liquid can move along the length direction inside or / and on the surface of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium. The smallest covering circle of the cross-section is the circle with the smallest diameter that can cover the cross-section, and the covering means that no part of the cross-section exceeds the circle.

[1262] Preferably, after liquid enters the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, the permeability of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium does not decrease significantly with time, or the permeability coefficient remains higher than a predetermined value. Preferably, after encountering liquid, the internal pore size and shape of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium do not change or the change is within a certain range; when liquid flows through the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, the resistance encountered by the liquid does not increase significantly with time, or the resistance is less than a preset value.

[1263] Preferably, the liquid can flow in and out from the end of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium; preferably, the liquid can enter the interior of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium from the side and / or flow out from the interior of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium from the side of the medium; preferably, at least two sections along the entire length of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium have the following characteristics: the liquid can flow into the medium from the side of one section of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium and then flow out from the side of another section.

[1264] The selection range of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium includes: soft fibers, hard fibers, and needle-shaped liquid-conducting materials.

[1265] The soft fibers and the hard fibers each exist in at least one of the following forms: a single fiber, a fiber bundle, and a yarn spun from the fibers. The fiber bundle is a group of multiple fibers arranged side-by-side, not spun into yarn on their own. In the fiber bundle, and in the yarn spun from the fibers, the fluid-conducting channels comprise gaps between the individual fibers. Preferably, the fibers comprise continuous fibers and / or short fibers.

[1266] Preferably, the fibers spun into yarn are Branched fibers The aforementioned Forked The fiber comprises a trunk fiber and branch fibers, one end of which is connected to the trunk fiber. The liquid can move along the trunk fiber, enter the branch fiber, and then move along the branch fiber again, eventually leaving the branch fiber and entering a larger area. Preferably, the branch fiber is a single fiber; more preferably, the branch fiber is a fine thread spun from multiple single fibers, with the gaps between the single fibers serving as liquid-conducting channels.

[1267] Preferably, the range of soft fibers includes plant fibers, chemical fibers, and animal hair. Preferably, the plant fibers are selected from cotton fibers and yarns spun from cotton fibers, and wood fibers and yarns spun from wood fibers; preferably, the range of chemical fibers includes chemical fiber monofilaments, chemical fiber tows, and yarns spun from chemical fibers; preferably, the animal hair includes single animal hairs and yarns spun from animal hair.

[1268] Preferably, the selection range of the rigid fiber includes metal fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber, and carbon fiber. Preferably, the rigid fiber includes chemical fiber obtained by drawing or spinning; preferably, the diameter of the smallest covering circle of the cross-section of a single chemical fiber is between 0.02 and 0.08 mm, or between 0.08 and 2 mm, or greater than 2 mm. Preferably, at least within a certain range, a groove exists on the side of a single rigid fiber; when the rigid fiber comes into contact with a solid particle, if the diameter of the solid particle is greater than η times the groove width, the groove is not easily occupied by the particle, and the groove becomes a liquid guiding channel, where η > 1.5. Preferably, a single rigid fiber is a hollow fiber, and the pores of the fiber serve as a liquid guiding channel.

[1269] The needle-shaped liquid-conducting material is a needle-shaped material made of a porous material. Preferably, the pores are parallel to or approximately parallel to the length direction of the fiber; preferably, the pores have outlets on the side of the fiber. Preferably, the needle-shaped liquid-conducting material is made of natural material. Preferably, the natural material is wood or straw from herbaceous plants or asbestos. Preferably, the diameter of the needle-shaped material is less than 0.1 mm, or between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, or between 0.5 and 1.0 mm, or between 1.0 and 2.0 mm, or greater than 2.0 mm; preferably, the ratio of the length of the needle-shaped material to its minimum transverse dimension is 1.5 to 5, or 5 to 10, or 10 to 50, or 50 to 100, or greater than 100.

[1270] Preferably, the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium comprises filamentous animal leather; preferably, the animal leather is breathable animal leather such as cowhide, pigskin, or sheepskin.

[1271] 3.1.2. Two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium

[1272] The Two-dimensional liquid guiding medium The features are that (1) the length and width of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium are much greater than its thickness, and (2) the liquid is able to move in at least one direction inside or / and on the surface of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium.

[1273] Preferably, after the liquid enters the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, the permeability of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium does not decrease significantly with time, or the permeability coefficient remains higher than a predetermined value. Preferably, after encountering the liquid, the internal pore size and shape of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium do not change or the change is within a certain range; when the liquid flows through the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium at the same speed, the resistance encountered by the liquid does not increase significantly with time, or the resistance is less than a preset value.

[1274] Preferably, the medium is capable of flowing inside the medium along its length direction and / or flowing on the surface of the medium along its length direction; preferably, the liquid is capable of flowing inside the medium along its width direction and / or flowing on the surface of the medium along its width direction; preferably, the medium is capable of flowing inside the medium along its thickness direction and / or flowing on the surface of the medium along its thickness direction.

[1275] Preferably, the liquid can flow into and out of the medium from an end face perpendicular to the length direction; preferably, the liquid can flow into and out of the medium from at least one surface perpendicular to the thickness direction; preferably, the liquid can flow into and out of the medium from a side face perpendicular to the width direction.

[1276] Preferably, on at least one surface perpendicular to the thickness direction, there are at least two regions, A and B, from which the liquid can flow in and out. Preferably, on two surfaces A and B perpendicular to the thickness direction, at least region A exists on surface A and region B exists on surface B, from which the liquid can flow in and out. Preferably, on at least one surface perpendicular to the thickness direction, there is at least one region A, and at least one section of region B exists on a side surface perpendicular to the width direction, from which the liquid can flow in and out; or / and, from region B, the liquid can flow in and out.

[1277] Preferably, the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is a liquid-conducting thin-layer material. Preferably, the selection range of the thin-layer material includes: Fiber thin-layer materials, porous thin-layer materials , Sandwich-type thin-layer materials and Double-layer thin-walled material .

[1278] The fiber thin-layer material is a thin-layer material made of fibers. Preferably, the fiber thin-layer material is one of the following: a non-woven fiber thin-layer material and a fiber fabric.

[1279] <1> Nonwoven fiber thin film material

[1280] Preferably, the Nonwoven fiber thin film material This includes nonwoven fabrics. Preferably, the fibers used to make the nonwoven fabric include short fibers and / or long fibers.

[1281] Preferably, the fibers used to produce the nonwoven fabric include at least one of the following: chemical fibers, plant fibers, animal hair fibers, inorganic non-metallic fibers, metallic fibers, and carbon fibers. Preferably, the plant fibers include cotton fibers, wood fibers, and grass fibers; preferably, the inorganic non-metallic fibers include glass fibers, basalt fibers, and asbestos fibers. The fibers comprise single fibers, fiber bundles, or yarns spun from multiple fibers.

[1282] Preferably, the nonwoven fiber thin layer material is a metal felt.

[1283] Preferably, the nonwoven fiber thin layer material is paper; preferably, the paper is filter paper.

[1284] <2> Fiber fabric

[1285] Preferably, the liquid-guiding thin-layer material comprises one, two, or more layers of fiber fabric. Preferably, the fiber fabric comprises fiber cloth and / or fiber web. Preferably, the fibers used in the fiber cloth and / or fiber web include at least one of the following: chemical fibers, plant fibers, inorganic non-metallic fibers, metallic fibers, carbon fibers, and animal hair fibers. Preferably, the fibers include at least one of the following: single fibers, fiber bundles, and yarns spun from multiple fibers.

[1286] Preferably, in the fiber fabric, the fibers parallel to the main channel include coarser fibers, and / or the fibers perpendicular to the main channel include finer fibers. Preferably, the fibers parallel to the main channel include fibers with high bending stiffness, and / or the fibers perpendicular to the main channel include fibers with low stiffness. Preferably, the fibers parallel to the main channel are metal wires. Preferably, the fibers parallel to the main channel include straight fibers, and / or the fibers perpendicular to the main channel include repeatedly bent fibers. Preferably, the radius of curvature of the fibers parallel to the main channel is larger than the radius of curvature of the fibers perpendicular to the main channel. These features are beneficial for increasing the proportion of the void cross-sectional area occupied by the main channel.

[1287] Preferably, the fiber fabric and the nonwoven fiber thin layer material are Piped fiber thin film material At least one side of the surface has Diffused Fibers The liquid can move along the fibrous fabric, then along the diffusion fibers, and finally reach the surrounding medium. Preferably, the length of the diffusion fibers is 5–50 mm and the spacing is 5–30 mm; preferably, the length of the diffusion fibers is 50–80 mm and the spacing is 20–60 mm. Preferably, the spacing of the diffusion fibers is 0.2–0.6 times their length. Preferably, diffusion fibers of different lengths exist in some areas of the fabric surface.

[1288] <3> Porous thin-layer materials

[1289] The characteristic of a porous thin-layer material is that the thin-layer material has only one layer, and there are a large number of voids in the material within the thickness of this layer. The voids in the material have the following characteristics: (1) the liquid can flow through the voids within the thickness range of the thin-layer material; (2) the liquid can seep out or seep into at least one of the two surfaces of the thin-layer material perpendicular to the thickness direction.

[1290] Preferably, the pores in the porous material are gaps between solid particles, and the solid particles are interconnected. Preferably, the porous thin-layer material is a porous metal sheet. Preferably, the porous metal is formed by high-temperature sintering of tiny metal spheres, and the interior of the metal is filled with extremely fine pores in all directions, exhibiting permeability.

[1291] Preferably, two surfaces are selected from the surface of the geometry made of a porous material, from which liquid can seep in and out; preferably, the two surfaces are parallel; preferably, the two surfaces are perpendicular; preferably, the included angle between the two surfaces is arbitrary.

[1292] Preferably, the porous thin-layer material is porous leather; preferably, the leather is cowhide, sheepskin, or pigskin.

[1293] <4> Sandwich-type thin-layer materials

[1294] The sandwich-type thin-layer material includes two outer layers and an intermediate layer; the two outer layers are made of porous thin-layer material, and the intermediate layer contains a large number of voids; liquid can flow in the intermediate layer, and liquid can flow into or out of the intermediate layer from the pores in the outer layer material.

[1295] Preferably, the outer layer material is a rigid fiber cloth or a rigid fiber mesh. Preferably, the rigid fiber cloth is a metal fiber cloth; preferably, the rigid fiber mesh is a small-mesh steel wire mesh, with mesh sizes smaller than the particles in the middle layer.

[1296] Preferably, the outer layer material is a thin-walled material with a certain rigidity and porous structure. Preferably, the outer layer material is a thin sheet of iron with holes; preferably, the outer layer material is a porous polymer thin-walled material with a high elastic modulus. Preferably, the pore size of the outer layer material is smaller than the particle size of the solid particles.

[1297] Preferably, the intermediate layer is a hard solid particle, a hard fiber, or a hard fiber web. Preferably, the hard solid particle is quartz sand or metal particle; preferably, the hard fiber is metal fiber or hard chemical fiber; preferably, the hard fiber is short fiber bonded to the inner surface of the outer layer material; preferably, the hard fiber web is a woven metal mesh or hard chemical fiber web. Preferably, a distributed connecting device is provided between the two outer layers, making the sandwich-like thin layers a single unit. Preferably, the distributed connecting device is a small-sized sheet, bonded to the outer layer material on both sides with adhesive; preferably, the connecting device is a rivet.

[1298] <5> Double-layer thin-walled material

[1299] The double-layer thin-walled material is characterized in that the material comprises two thin-walled materials, at least one of which has distributed pores, and at least one of the thin-walled materials has a protruding portion that protrudes toward the other thin-walled material.

[1300] Preferably, one of the thin-walled materials in the double-layer thin-walled material is a flat, perforated sheet metal, and the other is a corrugated sheet metal. Preferably, the corrugated sheet metal has perforations. Preferably, there is a connection between the two thin-walled materials. Preferably, the thickness of the flat sheet metal and the corrugated sheet metal is less than 0.1 mm, or between 0.1 and 0.2 mm, or between 0.2 and 0.4 mm, or between 0.4 and 0.7 mm, or between 0.7 and 1.0 mm, or greater than 1.0 mm. Preferably, in the cross-section of the double-layer thin-walled material, the shape of the corrugated plate resembles a sine curve. Preferably, the ratio of the amplitude of the sheet metal “sine curve” to the thickness of the corrugated sheet metal is between 4 and 7, or between 7 and 10, or between 10 and 15, or greater than 15; preferably, the ratio of the wavelength of the sheet metal “sine curve” to the amplitude is between 0.5 and 1.0. The "sine curve" of the sheet metal is the curve corresponding to the center line of the sheet metal, and the distance between the center line of the sheet metal and the surface of the sheet metal is half the thickness.

[1301] Preferably, one of the thin-walled materials in the double-layer thin-walled material is a flat, perforated sheet metal, and the other is a thin-walled material with uniformly distributed protrusions; the protrusions are in contact with the flat, perforated sheet metal. Preferably, the sheet metal with protrusions has perforations. Preferably, there is a connection between the two thin-walled materials. Preferably, the thickness H of the flat sheet metal and the sheet metal with protrusions is less than 0.1 mm, or between 0.1 and 0.2 mm, or between 0.2 and 0.4 mm, or between 0.4 and 0.7 mm, or between 0.7 and 1.0 mm, or greater than 1.0 mm. Preferably, the protrusions are frustum-shaped or spherical cap-shaped, with the smaller end of the frustum being the protruding end. Preferably, the ratio of the maximum gap between two thin iron sheets to the thickness of the thin iron sheets is between 0.2 and 0.5, or between 0.5 and 1.0, or between 1.0 and 1.5, or between 1.5 and 2.0, or greater than 2.0. Preferably, on the thin iron sheets with raised points, the ratio (L1 / R1) of the distance L1 between the center points of adjacent raised frustums to the diameter R1 of the circle corresponding to the larger end of the frustum is between 1.1 and 2.0, or between 2.0 and 3, or between 3 and 5; preferably, the ratio of the thickness H of the thin iron sheets with raised points before the raised points are made to L1 is between 1.0 and 2.0, or between 2.0 and 4.0, or greater than 4.0.

[1302] Preferably, on the thin sheet metal with raised points, the ratio (L2 / R2) of the distance L2 between the center points of the bottom of adjacent raised spherical caps to the diameter R2 of the bottom circle of the spherical cap is between 1.1 and 2.0, or between 2.0 and 3, or between 3 and 5; preferably, the ratio of the thickness H of the thin sheet metal with raised points before the raised points are made to L2 is between 1.0 and 2.0, or between 2.0 and 4.0, or greater than 4.0.

[1303] 3.1.3. Three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium

[1304] The three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is a porous, permeable three-dimensional medium in which liquid can flow in at least one direction within the three-dimensional medium. Preferably, after the liquid is present in the pores, the permeability of the medium does not decrease significantly over time, or the permeability coefficient remains higher than a predetermined value. Preferably, the selection range of the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium includes three-dimensional liquid-conducting devices. The liquid can flow inside the three-dimensional liquid-conducting device; preferably, the liquid can flow in or out of the surface of the three-dimensional liquid-conducting device.

[1305] Preferably, the liquid is capable of flowing in two or three directions within the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium; preferably, the liquid is capable of flowing in any direction within the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium. Preferably, the liquid is capable of flowing along the surface of the medium. Preferably, the liquid is capable of flowing into and out of the medium from the surface of the medium. Preferably, at least two regions, A and B, exist on the surface of the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, and the liquid is capable of flowing into the medium from region A and out from region B; preferably, regions A and B are located at opposite ends of the medium; preferably, region A is located at one end of the medium, and region B is located on the side of the medium; preferably, both regions A and B are located on the side of the medium.

[1306] Preferably, the shape of the three-dimensional liquid guiding medium can be selected from the following range: cylindrical, spherical, and cylindrical; preferably, the cylindrical is selected from cylinder, elliptical cylinder, prism, and rounded polygonal cylinder; preferably, the sphere is selected from sphere and ellipsoid; preferably, the cylindrical is selected from thick-walled cylinder, thin-walled cylinder, and polygonal cross-section cylindrical.

[1307] Preferably, the selection range of the three-dimensional liquid guiding medium includes all-fiber three-dimensional media, shaped particle three-dimensional media, loose particle three-dimensional media, shaped fiber particle three-dimensional media, and loose fiber particle three-dimensional media. Preferably, the selection range of the loose particle three-dimensional media also includes loose particle devices and / or loose fiber particle devices.

[1308] <1> All-fiber three-dimensional media

[1309] Preferably, the all-fiber three-dimensional medium comprises a plurality of continuous fibers and / or a plurality of short fibers.

[1310] Preferably, the three-dimensional liquid guiding medium is a continuous bundle of fibers arranged in parallel, and the liquid guiding channel includes the gaps between the continuous fibers.

[1311] Preferably, the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is a medium composed of short fibers, with the gaps between the short fibers serving as liquid-conducting channels. Preferably, the short fibers and / or long fibers are compressed together; preferably, the short fibers are bonded together, with adhesive droplets spread between the fibers, creating gaps between them. Preferably, the short fibers and / or long fibers are wrapped or bundled together, and the wrapping device or wrapping material is water-permeable. Preferably, the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is woven fibers. Preferably, the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is a cylindrical body formed by rolling up fiber cloth or fiber mesh.

[1312] Preferably, the diameter of a single fiber in the all-fiber three-dimensional medium is larger than the diameter of a single fiber in the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium. Preferably, the fiber material in the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is a low-water-absorption material.

[1313] <2> Three-dimensional media with shaped particles

[1314] Preferably The three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is Shaped particulate media The shaped particulate medium is composed of solid particles connected to each other; the medium has a stable shape and is permeable in any direction. Preferably, Shaped particulate media It is a permeable stone.

[1315] Preferably, the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is Porous media The medium is permeable in any direction. Preferably, the... Porous media It is a porous metal or a sponge-like metal.

[1316] <3> Three-dimensional media of granular particles

[1317] The granular medium comprises numerous solid particles, in which liquid can flow and move between the solid particles. The shape of the granular medium is determined by the shape of the container in which it is contained.

[1318] Preferably, the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is Granular Particle Device The granular device includes granular particles and a shaping device, wherein the shaping device is used to determine the shape of the area occupied by the granular particles.

[1319] Preferably, the Granular Particle Device The method of making it is to use Flexible thin-layer materials Encapsulated loose particles. Preferably, the... Granular Particle Device The bag is cylindrical, and the shaping device is an elongated bag into which the bulk particles are filled. Preferably, the bag is made of a fibrous fabric with permeability. Preferably, the sides of the bag are made of a non-permeable material, while the material near the ends of the bag is permeable. Preferably, the bag material has high elastic deformation capacity; preferably, the bag material includes rubber filaments. Preferably, after the solid particle filling process is completed, there is a certain tensile force in the flexible material and pressure between the solid particles. This treatment is beneficial for shaping and maintaining the shape of the particle area and for improving the density of the particle area.

[1320] Preferably, the Granular Particle Device One method of manufacturing the material is as follows: The granular material is spread evenly on a flexible thin-layer material, and then the thin-layer material and the granular material are rolled together into a cylindrical shape. In the cross-section of the cylindrical shape, the granular material is positioned within the gaps in the thin-layer material. (See [link to previous section]). Figure 57 and Figure 60 Preferably, the flexible thin-layer material is a permeable or impermeable material. More preferably, the flexible thin-layer material is a fiber fabric or a perforated sheet metal.

[1321] Preferably, the fiber fabric comprises a fiber cloth or a fiber web. Preferably, the fiber cloth is selected from metal fiber cloth, chemical fiber cloth, and inorganic non-metallic fiber cloth; preferably, the fiber web is selected from metal web, chemical fiber web, and inorganic non-metallic fiber web. Preferably, the mesh of the mesh material is capable of preventing solid particles of a proportion α from passing through it, where α is the proportion of particles that cannot pass through the mesh to the total number of particles; preferably, α is 0.5–0.7, 0.7–0.85, 0.85–0.9, 0.9–0.95, 0.95–0.99, or greater than 0.99.

[1322] Preferably, granular devic...

Claims

1. A combined volume compensation device, comprising: support device and Pressure supply device ;in, (1) Corresponding to the support device, there is an inner region of the support device and an outer region of the support device, the inner region is surrounded or enclosed by the support device, and the outer region surrounds or encloses the support device. There are one or more connecting channels between the inner region and the outer region; (2) All or part of the pressure supply device is located in the internal area of ​​the support device, and the outer surface of the pressure supply device can provide pressure to the medium in contact with it.

2. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support device has at least one of the following seven characteristics: (a) The support device includes a type I support device. The selection range of the Type I support device includes: Perforated housing or Open shell; The range of options for the perforated housing includes: Perforated enclosed housing , Open shell with holes ; Enclosed shell It is a shell that surrounds a closed cavity; Open shell The characteristic is that the cavity surrounded by the shell is not closed; The Perforated enclosed housing One of the production methods is in Enclosed shell The upper machining hole; the Open shell with holes The method of obtaining it is in Open shell Machine holes in the upper part, or divide the perforated closed shell; Preferably, the Open shell It is a pipe, and at least one end of the pipe hole is not sealed; Preferably, the Shell containing closed cavities The selection range includes: (1) Spherical shells, ellipsoidal shells, and other shells with typical geometries containing closed cavities; (2) A shell containing a closed cavity, consisting of a tube and one or more local typical shells; (3) A shell containing a closed cavity, consisting of several shells with typical geometric shapes; (4) Composed of one or more Shell with typical geometry And a shell containing a closed cavity, consisting of one or more typical local shells; The Shell with typical geometry It is a shell described mathematically using common equations; a typical local shell is a part of a shell with a typical geometry; Preferably, the Shell with typical geometry The selection range includes spherical shells, ellipsoidal shells, conical shells, elliptical conical shells, pyramidal shells, cylindrical shells, frustum shells, truncated cone shells, elliptical cross-section frustum shells, saddle-shaped shells, and other typical geometries; (ii) The support device includes a Type II support device; The type II support device is characterized in that the connection channel between the internal region and the external region of the support device includes a gap or a slit; (iii) The support device includes a Type III support device; The type III support device comprises two parts, A and B. Part A has holes and / or gaps, and there are internal and external regions corresponding to part A. Part B is located in the external region of part A, and at least one continuous region in part B faces the holes and / or gaps of part A. (iv) The support device is a type IV support device. The type IV support device includes device e and device f; The device e is a perforated shell, and its selection range includes a perforated closed shell a11, a perforated open shell a12, and a pipe a2 with perforated walls; The device f is a connection channel extension device; (v) The support device includes a V-shaped support device; The selection range of the V-shaped support device includes: Rotary screw device and Ring support device ; The Screw-type screw assembly The spiral device includes Spiral Helix and Spiral gap region; The Spiral The helix has the following characteristics: when moving along the outer boundary line of the helix, the point of movement also displaces in the axial direction of the helix; there is a gap between adjacent rings of the helix, and the area corresponding to the gap is the... Spiral gap region; The spiral gap area It is a connection Spiral assembly Connecting passages between the internal and external areas; The Ring support device Including several Ring-shaped plate and the gap region between the ring-shaped plates, the gap region being referred to as Annular gap area Each annular plate has holes, and at least two adjacent annular plates have holes with the same shape and size, with the geometric center of the hole cross-section located on the same straight line or the same curve; the annular gap region is a connecting channel connecting the inner and outer regions of the annular support device. (vi) The support device includes a type VI support device; The type VI support device includes device g and device h; device g is completely surrounded by device h, or at least a portion of device g is surrounded by device h. The range of possible devices g includes: a closed shell with holes a11, an open shell with holes a12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall a2, a single type of spiral ribbon a31, multiple types of spiral ribbons a32, a single type of spiral wire a41, multiple types of spiral wires a42, a combination device of short pipes with a single cross-section a51, a combination device of short pipes with multiple cross-sections a52, a complete combination device of shell segmentation components a61, and a non-complete combination device of shell segmentation components a62. The device h has the following characteristic: in cross-section, the device h can change the area it encloses; (vii) The support device includes a type VII support device; The Type VII support device includes an involute spiral body with a spiral cross-section. The spiral body has a stable shape, and there are gaps between each turn. These gaps can be used as connecting channels between the inner and outer regions of the spiral body.

3. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The Type II support device has at least one of the following four characteristics: A, B, C, and D. (i) Feature A is that the Type II support device includes a spiral belt; The selection range of the spiral strip includes a single type of spiral strip or multiple types of spiral strips; The single type of spiral band is characterized in that the cross-section of each turn's surrounding area is the same; the multiple types of spiral bands are characterized in that at least two adjacent spiral bands have the following characteristics: the cross-sectional shape and / or size of the respective surrounding areas of these two spiral bands are different. Preferably, in the single type of spiral band, at least two adjacent spiral bands have the following characteristics: there is a gap between them along the axial direction; preferably, the projections of at least two spiral bands along the axial direction are completely overlapping, or at least a portion of the projections are not overlapping. Preferably, among the various spiral bands, at least two adjacent spiral bands have the following characteristics: there is an overlapping portion along the length direction between the two adjacent spiral bands, and there is a gap between the outer surface of one spiral band and the inner surface of the other spiral band in the overlapping portion. Preferably, in the plurality of spiral bands, a gap exists along the length direction between two adjacent spiral bands; Preferably, the axis of the region surrounded by the single or multiple spiral bands is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the region surrounded by the single or multiple spiral bands is a curve. Preferably, the single or multiple spiral strips have multiple points connected to one or more strip-shaped fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between the turns of the spiral strip. (ii) Feature B is that the Type II support device includes a spiral wire; The selection range of the spiral wire includes a single type of coiled spiral wire and multiple types of coiled spiral wire; The single type of spiral wire is characterized in that the cross-section of each turn of the spiral wire is the same; the multiple types of spiral wire are characterized in that at least two turns of the spiral wire have different cross-sections. Preferably, in one of the single-type spiral wires, there is a gap between at least two adjacent spiral wires; preferably, in one of the single-type spiral wires, there is no gap between at least two adjacent spiral wires. Preferably, in one of the plurality of spiral wires, the cross-section of the region around each turn of the spiral wire is different; Preferably, the axis of the region around which the spiral wire surrounds is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the region around which the spiral wire surrounds is a curve. Preferably, the spiral wire has multiple points connected to one or more strip-shaped fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between the turns of the spiral wire. (iii) Feature C is that the Type II support device includes Short pipe assembly ; The selection range of the short pipe assembly includes short pipe assemblies with a single cross-section and short pipe assemblies with multiple cross-sections; The Single-section short pipe assembly The characteristic is that all the short tubes in a group and device have the same cross-sectional shape and size; The Multi-section short pipe combination device The characteristic is that at least two adjacent short tubes are such that their cross-sectional shapes are different, or / and their cross-sectional dimensions are different; (iv) The feature D is that the Type II support device is a shell segmentation assembly device; The range of options for the housing partition assembly and device includes: Complete assembly of shell segmentation components or shell segment Incomplete assembly In the housing segment assembly and device, there are at least two such adjacent housing segments with a gap between them; The shell segment is a component obtained by dividing a shell. The shape and size of the shell segments assembled together are approximately the same as the shell before division. The complete assembly of shell segments includes all the segments of a shell, while the incomplete assembly of shell segments only includes a portion of the segments of a shell. Preferably, the housing has a closed cavity before being divided; preferably, there is a connection between the housing segments to ensure a fixed relative position between them; preferably, the housing segments have holes on their shells.

4. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, in In the Type II support device, the short tube assembly has one of the following three characteristics: A, B, and C; or it has characteristics A and C; or it has characteristics B and C: (a) The aforementioned characteristic A is, The short pipe assembly is the single-section short pipe assembly, and has at least one of the following characteristics: (1) There are at least two such adjacent short tubes with a gap between the planes containing their adjacent end faces; (2) There are at least two such adjacent short tubes with no gap between their adjacent end faces; (3) The length of the group and device is greater than or equal to the total length of all the short tubes; (4) There are at least two such adjacent short tubes whose projections along the axial direction are completely overlapping, or whose projections are partially non-overlapping. (ii) Feature B is, The short tube assembly is the Multi-section short pipe combination device And has at least one of the following characteristics, (1) There are at least two adjacent short tubes such that a section of one tube is inserted into the hole of the other tube; (2) At least in Multi-section short pipe combination device One end has a thick tube and a thin tube. One end of the thick tube is sealed with a sealing device. A section of the thin tube is inserted into the hole of the thick tube. There are gaps between the end of the thin tube and the sealing device of the thick tube, as well as between the outer surface of the thin tube wall and the inner surface of the thick tube. (3) At least two adjacent short pipes, A and B, have the following characteristics: a) The cross-sectional size and / or shape of short pipes A and B are different; b) Due to the limitation of the cross-section of the short pipes, short pipe A cannot be inserted into the hole of short pipe B, and short pipe B cannot be inserted into the hole of short pipe A; c) If the adjacent end faces of short pipes A and B are made to be in close contact, then a portion of the hole of short pipe A and / or the hole of short pipe B is exposed on the adjacent end faces; d) The planes containing the adjacent end faces of short pipes A and B are in close contact or there is a gap between them. (iii) The aforementioned feature is that the axis of the short tube has at least one of the following characteristics. (1) At least one short tube has its axis extended in the bore of an adjacent short tube; (2) At least two of the short tube axes coincide with the same straight line; (3) The line connecting the axes of the short pipes is a broken line, and at least two adjacent short pipe axes are tangent to the same curve; (4) There are connections between the short tubes to ensure that they maintain a fixed relative position.

5. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It has at least one of the following two characteristics: (1) In the Type III support device, Part A and Part B respectively include device a and device b; The device a is completely surrounded by the device b, or at least a portion of the device a is surrounded by the device b; The selection range of the device a includes: a closed shell with holes a11, an open shell with holes a12, a pipe with holes in the pipe wall a2, a single type of spiral band a31, multiple types of spiral bands a32, a single type of spiral wire a41, multiple types of spiral wires a42, a combination device of short pipes with a single cross-section a51, a combination device of short pipes with multiple cross-sections b52, a complete combination device of shell segmentation components a61, and a non-complete combination device of shell segmentation components a62; The range of options for device b includes: a closed shell with holes b11, an open shell with holes b12, a pipe with holes and / or gaps in the pipe wall b2, a single type of spiral strip b31, multiple types of spiral strips b32, a single type of spiral wire b41, multiple types of spiral wire b42, a combination device of short pipes with a single cross-section b51, a combination device of short pipes with multiple cross-sections b52, a complete combination device of shell segmentation components b61, and a non-complete combination device of shell segmentation components b62; (2) In the Type III support device, Part A and Part B respectively include device c and device d. The range of options for the device c includes: a closed shell with holes a11, an open shell with holes a12, and a pipe with holes in the pipe wall a2; The selection range of the device d includes: a tube d1 with longitudinal slits, a long strip-shaped shield d22, a block-shaped shield d3, and a non-closed annular shield d4. Preferably, when the device c is a closed shell a11 with holes or an open shell a12 with holes, the device d is a long strip-shaped shield d21 or a block-shaped shield d3; Preferably, when the device c is a pipe a2 with holes in the pipe wall, the device d is a pipe d1 with a longitudinal slit, or a straight strip-shaped shield d22, or a block-shaped shield d3, or a non-closed annular shield d4; Preferably, the holes on the wall of the perforated pipe c2 face the seamless area in the inner wall of the pipe d1 with longitudinal slits, or face the non-perforated area on the inner surface of the straight, elongated shield d22, or face the block shield d3, or face the seamless area on the inner surface of the non-closed annular shield d4.

6. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The V-shaped support device has at least one of the following two characteristics, A and B. (1) The characteristic A is, The V-shaped support device is made by folding a long strip of material multiple times. The long strip of material has regularly distributed holes. After folding, the geometric centers of the holes are on the same straight line or on the same regular curve. Preferably, the regular curve is an arched curve; Preferably, the hole is circular, elliptical, polygonal, or a rounded polygon; (2) The characteristic B mentioned above is, A protective device is provided on the outside of the bladder-type pressure supply device in the inner area of ​​the V-shaped support device to prevent damage to the bladder caused by the bladder-type pressure supply device squeezing into the gap of the support device. Preferably, the protective device is selected from thin-walled protective devices, single-wire protective devices, and metal mesh protective devices.

7. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, in In the VI-type support device, device h is a constant perimeter device or a variable perimeter device; The Constant perimeter device It is a thin-walled tube with the following characteristics: at least two points on the outer boundary line of the thin-walled tube on the cross-section have different curvatures; when the cross-section becomes circular, the area enclosed by the thin-walled tube increases; and the circumference of the tube wall remains almost unchanged during the process of the cross-section becoming circular. The Variable perimeter device The feature is that the device in cross-section can change its enclosed area by changing its perimeter; Preferably, the variable perimeter device is a cylinder made of thin-walled material, and the thin-walled material of the cylinder has overlapping portions in cross-section, and the overlapping portions of thin-walled material can slide relative to each other.

8. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, in In the type VII support device, the involute helix has at least one of the following characteristics: (1) At least one spiral in the involute spiral has the following characteristics: the ratio of the circumference of the spiral to the minimum thickness of the spiral is less than 100, or less than 50, or less than 30, or less than 10. (2) At least two adjacent spirals in the spiral have the following characteristics: there is a connecting device between the two spirals; When the two adjacent rings are subjected to force, the connecting device can prevent relative movement between the two adjacent rings or reduce the relative movement between the two adjacent rings. (3) There are uneven regions on the surface of the spiral body, which are used to increase the adhesion and shear strength between the solid fluid-solid conversion material in contact with it and the surface of the spiral body. (4) Adhesive-enhancing pores exist on the surface of the spiral, which are used to increase the adhesion and shear strength between the solid fluid-solid conversion material and the spiral surface; (5) In each turn of the spiral, at least one channel hole exists on at least one turn; The channel holes are holes on the spiral body, and the size and shape of the holes are suitable for fluid-solid conversion materials in a flowable state to pass through them; the channel holes serve as part of the connecting channel between the inner region and the outer region of the spiral body. (6) The materials used to make the spiral are selected from steel plates, iron plates, and fiber-reinforced composite materials; (7) The spiral is formed by rolling a sheet material. Before rolling, there are regularly distributed holes on the sheet material. After rolling, these holes are used as connecting channels or part of connecting channels for the support device. (8) At least one spiral has the following characteristics: at least one channel hole on this spiral faces a non-porous area on one or both sides of an adjacent spiral, or / and at least one channel hole on this spiral faces a channel hole on one or both sides of an adjacent spiral. (9) At least one turn of the spiral has at least one curved region and / or at least one thickened region in the longitudinal section, the curved region and the thickened region each increasing the bending stiffness of the turn of the spiral, the bending stiffness resisting bending moments including bending moments generated by normal stresses appearing in the longitudinal section.

9. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The selection range of the pressure supply device includes pressurization device, energy storage device, and pressurized energy storage device; (1) The pressurizing device is capable of changing and / or maintaining the pressure between its outer surface and the medium in contact with it; (2) The energy storage device has the following characteristics. When the pressure on the outer surface of the energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device decreases and the energy storage device absorbs energy; or / and when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device increases and the energy storage device releases energy. (3) The pressurized energy storage device has the following characteristics A and B. The characteristic A is, Pressurized energy storage devices are capable of altering and / or maintaining the pressure between their outer surface and the medium in contact with it; The characteristic B is, Under the condition that other influencing factors remain unchanged, when the pressure on the outer surface of the pressurized energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the device decreases and the pressurized energy storage device absorbs energy; or / and when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the device increases and the pressurized energy storage device releases energy.

10. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 9, characterized in that: (1) The selection range of the pressurization device includes pressurization airbag, pressurization gas-liquid bag, pressurization liquid bag, and self-expanding device; (2) The selection range of the energy storage device includes airbags, gas-liquid airbags, energy storage liquid airbags, solid elastomer energy storage devices, and elastic shell energy storage devices. Combined energy storage device ; The Combined energy storage device The device is characterized in that it includes a material E with a large elastic deformation and a material S with a large stiffness. The apparent volume deformation of the energy storage device causes shear elastic deformation of material E. A portion of the energy absorbed during the apparent volume deformation will be converted into elastic energy absorbed by material E during the shear deformation. A portion of the energy released during the apparent volume deformation will come from the elastic energy released by material E during the shear deformation. (3) The selection range of the pressurized energy storage device includes pressurized airbag, pressurized gas-liquid bag, pressurized energy storage liquid bag, and self-expanding device; Preferably, the self-expanding device is a type A self-expanding device; preferably, the type A self-expanding device is a type A1 self-expanding device; preferably, the type A1 self-expanding device is a type A1a or / and type A1b self-expanding device. Preferably, the self-expanding device is a type B self-expanding device.

11. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The selection range of airbags used as pressurization devices, energy storage devices, and pressurized energy storage devices includes ordinary airbags, upper limit airbags, lower limit airbags, and dual limit airbags. The selection range of the gas-liquid bladder used as a pressurization device, energy storage device, and pressurized energy storage device includes ordinary gas-liquid bladder, upper limit gas-liquid bladder, lower limit gas-liquid bladder, and dual limit gas-liquid bladder. The selection range of the liquid bladder used as a pressurizing device, energy storage device, and pressurized energy storage device includes ordinary liquid bladder, upper limit liquid bladder, lower limit liquid bladder, and dual limit liquid bladder; preferably, the liquid bladder is provided with a pipeline connected to a hydraulic source; preferably, the liquid bladder is provided with a pipeline connected to a hydraulic source and an accumulator.

12. The combined volume compensation device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, When the combined volume compensation device works in conjunction with the fluid-solid conversion material, it has the following characteristics I and II; (a) The characteristic I is, When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state, the connecting channel is suitable for the fluid-solid conversion material to flow through it; (ii) The characteristic II is, When fluid-solid conversion materials are in a solid state, they have the following properties: There exists at least one region P, in which a support device exists; if the following conditions A and / or B are met, the support device and the fluid-solid conversion material form a composite shell; the composite shell is capable of withstanding the pressure transmitted from the surrounding external medium. (1) Condition A is, The support device is surrounded or enclosed by a fluid-solid conversion material, which has solidified and is bonded to the support device. (2) Condition B is, The connection channel between the inner and outer regions of the support device is filled with a fluid-solid conversion material that has become solid and is bonded to the support device. The fluid-solid conversion material exists in two states: a flowable state and a solid state, and can transition from a flowable state to a solid state.

13. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The support device, the pressure supply device, and the fluid-solid conversion material have at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The apparent bulk modulus of elasticity and apparent bulk deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are much lower than the bulk modulus of elasticity and bulk deformation modulus of the fluid-solid conversion material at any stage. Any stage refers to any stage in the process of the material changing from a flowable state to a solid state with final strength. (2) After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies and reaches the design strength, the apparent volumetric elastic modulus and apparent volumetric deformation modulus of the composite shell composed of the fluid-solid conversion material and the support device are much higher than the apparent volumetric elastic modulus and apparent volumetric deformation modulus of the pressure supply device at the same time. (3) After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies and reaches the design strength, the composite shell composed of the fluid-solid conversion material and the support device can withstand the maximum pressure exerted by the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure provided by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone at the same time. (4) After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies and reaches the design strength, the outer surface of the continuous area of ​​the support device can withstand the maximum pressure applied by the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure provided by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone at the same time. (5) After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies and reaches the design strength, the apparent stiffness of the continuous area of ​​the support device is much higher than the apparent stiffness of the pressure supply device at the same time. The continuous area refers to the portion without holes and / or gaps.

14. A pressurization device utilizing osmotic pressure, comprising a container P, a cavity Q, and a semi-permeable membrane, having the following characteristics: (one) (1) A zero-concentration or non-zero-concentration solution exists in the container P, and a non-zero-concentration solution exists in the cavity Q; (2) The solvent of the solution in the container P can and can only enter the cavity Q through the semipermeable membrane; (3) The osmotic pressure of the solution in cavity Q is greater than zero for at least a certain period of time; (two) The cavity Q has at least one of the following two characteristics. (1) In the outer shell surrounding the cavity Q, at least a portion of the outer shell has a structure and / or material suitable for the volume of the cavity Q to increase or / or decrease; (2) There is a cavity R connected to the cavity Q; in the shell surrounding the cavity R, at least a portion of the shell structure and / or material is adapted to increase or decrease the volume of the cavity R.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that, There are also pressure electrical control systems, which have the following characteristics: (1) The solution in container P is a non-zero concentration solution; (2) A solvent supply pipeline is installed in container P; (3) The system includes a pressure sensor installed in the cavity Q, an electric valve installed on the solvent supply pipeline, and a main control device, wherein the pressure sensor and the electric valve are respectively connected to the main control device through wires; When the fluid pressure in cavity Q is less than the first preset value p1, the pressure sensor transmits the pressure signal to the main control device. The main control device sends an opening signal to the electric valve through the wire. After receiving the signal, the electric valve enters the opening state, and the solvent flows into container P. When the fluid pressure in cavity Q is greater than the second preset value p2, after the main control device receives the pressure signal from the pressure sensor, it sends a closing signal to the electric valve. After receiving the signal, the electric valve enters the closed state, and the solvent cannot flow into container P. Among them, the second preset value p2 is greater than or equal to the first preset value p1.

16. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that, There is also a hydraulic control system, including pressure transmission lines and hydraulic valves; one end of the pressure transmission line is located in cavity Q or R, and the other end is connected to the hydraulic valve; When the pressure in cavity Q or R measured by the pressure transmission line is lower than the first preset value p1, the hydraulic valve is in the open state, and the fluid in the solvent supply line flows into container P. When the pressure in the pressure transmission line is higher than the second preset value p2, the hydraulic valve is in the closed state, and the fluid in the solvent supply line cannot flow into the container P; Wherein, the second preset value p2 is greater than or equal to the first preset value p1.

17. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that, (1) For at least a certain period of time, the solution concentration in cavity Q is higher than or equal to the solution concentration in cavity R; (2) There is a check valve between cavity Q and cavity R. The solution in cavity Q can enter cavity R, but the solution in cavity R cannot enter cavity Q.

18. A liquid absorption, expansion, and pressurization device, comprising an expansion material and a liquid guiding channel; wherein, (1) The expansion material is capable of absorbing liquid and expanding, or / and is capable of reacting with liquid and expanding; (2) The liquid can move along the liquid guiding channel and can enter and leave the liquid guiding channel.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that, It must possess at least one of the following two characteristics, A and B. (a) Feature A is, At least a portion of the expanded material exists in the form of a blocky solid, and the blocky solid has at least one of the following two properties: (1) If the bulk of the expanding material absorbs the liquid and maintains a constant apparent volume, then the permeability coefficient of the expanding material decreases with time, at least for a certain period of time. (2) The expansion material block is subjected to hydrostatic pressure greater than a predetermined value; If the expanding material absorbs liquid, the apparent volume of the expanding material increases with time for at least a certain period of time, and / or the permeability coefficient of the expanding material decreases with time for at least a certain period of time. (ii) Feature B is, At least a portion of the expanded material exists in a filamentous or / and granular form; a spatial region is filled with filamentous expanded material and / or granular expanded material, the filamentous expanded material and / or granular expanded material constituting... loose porous media quality ; The loose, porous medium has at least one of the following two characteristics. (1) If the bulk porous medium absorbs liquid and maintains a constant apparent volume, then the permeability coefficient of the medium decreases with time, at least for a certain period of time. (2) If the bulk porous medium is subjected to a hydrostatic pressure greater than a predetermined value and the medium absorbs liquid, then the apparent volume of the medium increases with time for at least a certain period of time, or / and the permeability coefficient of the medium decreases with time for at least a certain period of time. in, The hydrostatic pressure on the porous media is the effective hydrostatic pressure, which is the total hydrostatic pressure acting on the porous media minus the fluid pressure therein. The apparent volume of the granular porous medium has one of the following three characteristics. (i) When the bulk porous medium consists only of filamentous expandable material, the apparent volume of the bulk porous medium is the sum of the following: the sum of the volumes of all the filamentous expandable material and the volume of the voids between the filamentous material. (ii) When the bulk porous medium consists only of particulate expanded material, the apparent volume of the bulk porous medium is the sum of the following: the sum of the volumes of all the expanded material particles and the volume of the voids between the particles. (iii) When the bulk porous medium includes filamentous expanding material and / or granular expanding material, the apparent volume of the bulk porous medium is the sum of the following: the sum of the volumes of all filamentous objects of the filamentous expanding material, the sum of the volumes of all particles of the granular expanding material, the voids between filamentous expanding materials, the voids between granular expanding materials, and the voids between filamentous and granular expanding materials. Before contact with the liquid, the porosity of the expanding porous medium is less than a predetermined value.

20. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that, The fluid guiding channel has at least one of the following five characteristics: (i) At least one of the liquid guiding channels is provided by a one-dimensional liquid guiding medium. The One-dimensional liquid-conducting medium The features are that (1) the length of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is much larger than the diameter of the smallest covering circle of its cross-section, and (2) the liquid is able to move along the length direction inside or / and on the surface of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium. (ii) At least one of the liquid guiding channels is provided by a two-dimensional liquid guiding medium. The Two-dimensional liquid guiding medium The features are that (1) the length and width of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium are much greater than its thickness, and (2) the liquid can move in at least one direction inside or / and on the surface of the two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium. (iii) At least one of the liquid guiding channels is provided by a three-dimensional liquid guiding medium. The three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium is a porous, permeable three-dimensional medium in which the liquid can flow in at least one direction within the three-dimensional medium. (iv) At least one of the liquid guiding channels is provided by a seepage conduit. The seepage conduit has the following characteristics: (1) liquid can flow in the pipe hole, the length of which is equal to the length of the conduit; (2) liquid can seep out from and / or seep into the pipe wall. (v) At least one of the liquid guiding channels includes a hole in the expandable material block, or / and a gap between adjacent surfaces of adjacent expandable material blocks.

21. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that, It must possess at least one of the following three characteristics: A, B, and C. (a) Feature A is, The liquid-conducting channel is provided by a one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, which has at least one of the following characteristics. (1) The liquid can flow in and out from the end of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium; (2) The liquid can enter the interior of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium from the side, or / and flow out of the side of the medium from the interior of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium; (3) At least two segments, a and b, in the entire length of the one-dimensional liquid-conducting medium have the following characteristics: the liquid can flow into the medium from the side of segment a and then flow out from the side of segment b. (ii) Feature B is, The liquid-conducting channel is provided by a two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, which has at least one of the following characteristics. (1) The medium is capable of flowing inside the medium along the length direction, or / and flowing on the surface of the medium along the length direction; (2) The liquid is capable of flowing inside the medium along the width direction, or / and flowing on the surface of the medium along the width direction; (3) The medium is capable of flowing inside the medium along the thickness direction, or / and flowing on the surface of the medium along the thickness direction; (4) The liquid can flow into and out of the medium from an end face perpendicular to the length direction; (5) The liquid can flow into and out of the medium from at least one surface perpendicular to the thickness direction. (6) The liquid can flow into and out of the medium from a side perpendicular to the width direction; (7) On at least one surface perpendicular to the thickness direction, there are at least two regions, A and B, from which the liquid can flow in and out; (8) On two surfaces A and B perpendicular to the thickness direction, there is at least region A on surface A and region B on surface B, and the liquid can flow in from region A and flow out from region B; (9) There is at least one region A on at least one surface perpendicular to the thickness direction, and at least one region B on a side surface perpendicular to the width direction, wherein the liquid can flow in from region A and out from region B; or / and, the liquid can flow in from region B and out from region A; (iii) The aforementioned features are, The liquid-conducting channel is provided by a three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, which has at least one of the following characteristics. (1) The liquid is able to flow in two or three directions within the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium. (2) The liquid is able to flow along the surface of the medium; (3) The liquid can flow into and out of the medium from the surface of the medium; (4) At least two regions, A and B, exist on the surface of the three-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, and the liquid can flow into the medium from region A and out from region B; preferably, regions A and B are located at both ends of the medium; preferably, region A is located at one end of the medium and region B is located on the side of the medium; preferably, both regions A and B are located on the side of the medium.

22. The apparatus according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that, It must possess at least one of the following three characteristics: A, B, and C. (a) Feature A is, The liquid guiding channel is provided by a one-dimensional liquid guiding medium, and the selection range of the one-dimensional liquid guiding medium includes: soft fibers, hard fibers and needle-shaped liquid guiding materials; in, (1) The soft fiber and the hard fiber each exist in at least one of the following forms: a single fiber, a fiber bundle, and a thread spun from the fiber; The fiber bundle is a group of multiple fibers arranged side by side, not spun into yarn; in the fiber bundle, and in the yarn spun from the fibers, the liquid channel includes the gap between individual fibers. Preferably, the range of soft fibers includes plant fibers, chemical fibers, and animal hair; Preferably, the range of hard fibers includes metal fibers, glass fibers, basalt fibers, and carbon fibers; (2) The needle-shaped liquid guiding material is a needle-shaped material made of a porous material; Preferably, the pores are parallel to or approximately parallel to the length direction of the fiber; preferably, the pores have an outlet on the side of the fiber; preferably, the needle-shaped liquid-conducting material is made of natural material; preferably, the natural material is wood or straw from herbaceous plants or asbestos; Preferably, the diameter of the needle-like material is less than 0.1 mm, or between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, or between 0.5 and 1.0 mm, or between 1.0 and 2.0 mm, or greater than 2.0 mm; preferably, the ratio of the length of the needle-like material to its minimum transverse dimension is 1.5 to 5, or 5 to 10, or 10 to 50, or 50 to 100, or greater than 100. (ii) Feature B is, The liquid-conducting channel is provided by a two-dimensional liquid-conducting medium, which is a thin-film liquid-conducting material; the selection range of the thin-film material includes... Fiber thin film material , Porous thin-layer materials , Sandwich-type thin-layer materials and Double-layer thin-walled material; (1) The fiber thin-layer material is a thin-layer material made of fibers, with gaps between the fibers, in which liquid can flow; the fiber thin-layer material has one, two or more layers; the fibers include soft fibers and / or hard fibers; (2) The characteristic of the porous thin-layer material is that the thin-layer material has only one layer, and there are a large number of interconnected pores in the material within the thickness of this layer, through which liquid can flow. (3) The sandwich-type thin-layer material includes two outer layers and one middle layer; the elastic modulus, tensile strength and compressive strength of the materials used in the two outer layers are greater than predetermined values, and at least one of the thin-layer materials has small pores distributed in a certain pattern; the middle layer contains a large number of voids, and liquid can flow in the middle layer; Preferably, the two outer layers are made of thin sheet metal; preferably, the middle layer is made of hard solid particles, hard fibers, or hard fiber mesh. (4) The double-layer thin-walled material is characterized in that the material includes two thin-walled materials, the elastic modulus, tensile strength and compressive strength of the two outer materials are greater than predetermined values, at least one of the thin-walled materials has holes distributed in a certain pattern, at least one of the thin-walled materials has a protruding part, and the protruding part protrudes towards the other thin-walled material. Preferably, the outer layer material is a thin sheet of low-carbon steel; (iii) Feature C is, The liquid guiding channel is provided by a three-dimensional liquid guiding medium. The selection range of the three-dimensional liquid guiding medium includes all-fiber three-dimensional medium, shaped particle three-dimensional medium, loose particle three-dimensional medium, loose particle device, shaped fiber particle three-dimensional medium, loose fiber particle three-dimensional medium, and loose fiber particle device. in, (1) The all-fiber three-dimensional medium includes a number of continuous fibers and / or a number of short fibers; (2) The shaped particle three-dimensional medium includes solid particles with connections between them; the medium has a stable shape and is permeable in any direction; (3) The three-dimensional medium of the granular particles includes a large number of solid particles, and the liquid can flow in the gaps between the solid particles, and the solid particles can move between each other. (4) The granular device includes granular particles and a shaping device, wherein the shaping device is used to determine the shape of the area occupied by the granular particles; (5) The three-dimensional medium of the shaped fiber particles includes fibers and solid particles, and there are connections between the particles and between the fibers and particles; the medium has a stable shape and is permeable in any direction; (6) The three-dimensional medium of the granular fiber particles includes numerous fibers and solid particles, and the liquid can flow in the gaps between the solid particles, and the solid particles and the particles and fibers can move together. (7) The bulk fiber particle device includes fibers, bulk particles and a shaping device, wherein the shaping device is used to determine the shape of the area occupied by the fibers and bulk particles.

23. The apparatus according to claim 18 or 20, characterized in that, It must possess at least one of the following three characteristics: A, B, and C. (a) Feature A is, The device contains a single-stage liquid guiding channel; the single-stage liquid guiding channel has one of the following characteristics: (1) Each single-stage liquid guiding channel is composed of a liquid guiding channel segment, which is provided by a liquid guiding medium or a liquid guiding device; (2) Each single-stage liquid guiding channel includes at least two liquid guiding channels. Any two adjacent liquid guiding channels are connected in series. Each liquid guiding channel is provided by a liquid guiding medium or a liquid guiding device. (ii) Feature B is, The device contains two-stage liquid guiding channels, each of which includes a main channel and a secondary channel; the liquid first enters the main channel, and then directly enters the expansion material from the main channel, or / and then enters the expansion material from the main channel through the secondary channel. (iii) Feature C is, The device contains three levels of liquid guiding channels, each of which includes a main channel, a secondary channel, and a tertiary channel. The liquid first enters the main channel; then directly enters the expansion material from the main channel, or / and enters the secondary channel from the main channel; then enters the expansion material from the secondary channel, or / and enters the expansion material from the secondary channel through a third-level channel.

24. The apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that, It has at least one of the following characteristics, (1) In the medium in which the single-stage liquid guiding channel is located, at least a portion of the side surface and / or at least one end surface of at least one medium is in contact with solid particles, and liquid in the gaps between the solid particles flows into the single-stage liquid guiding channel. (2) In a two- or three-stage liquid guiding channel, at least a portion of the side surface and / or at least one end face of the medium in at least one main channel is in contact with solid particles, and liquid in the gaps between the solid particles flows into the main channel; (3) In the device where the single-stage liquid guiding channel is located, at least a portion of the side or / and at least one end face of at least one device is in contact with solid particles, and liquid in the gaps between the solid particles flows into the single-stage liquid guiding channel. (4) In a two- or three-stage liquid guiding channel, at least a portion of the side or / and at least one end face of the device containing at least one main channel is in contact with solid particles, and liquid in the gaps between the solid particles flows into the main channel; (5) The medium or device in which at least one secondary channel with two or three-stage liquid guiding channels is located has the following characteristics: at least one end face and / or nearby side face of the secondary channel is in contact with particulate medium, and liquid in the voids of the particulate medium enters the secondary channel.

25. A combined volume compensation device, comprising a support device and a pressure supply device, characterized in that: (1) The support device is as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; (2) The pressure supply device is a pressure device utilizing osmotic pressure as described in any one of claims 14 to 17, or a liquid absorption expansion pressure device as described in any one of claims 18 to 24.

26. A method for manufacturing a combined volume compensation device, characterized in that, The manufactured combined volume compensation device is as described in any one of claims 1 to 13, or as described in claim 25.

27. A method for providing pressure to the surrounding medium using a combined volume compensation device, characterized in that, (1) The combined volume compensation device as described in any one of claims 1 to 13, or as described in claim 25; (2) In the process of using the combined volume compensation device to provide pressure, in addition to using the support device and the pressure supply device, a fluid-solid conversion material is also required. The fluid-solid transition material is a material that can transition from a fluid state to a solid state; (3) The spatial relationship between the support device, the pressure supply device and the fluid-solid conversion material of the combined volume compensation device has the following characteristics. A fluid-solid transition material, or / and, is present in at least a portion of the gap between the inner wall of the support device and the outer surface of the pressure supply device. At least a portion of the external surrounding space of the support structure contains fluid-solid conversion material; (4) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state a. If the pressure exerted by the external medium on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support device increases, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the cavity surrounded by the support device through the connecting channel, squeezing the pressure supply device in the cavity and reducing the apparent volume of the pressure supply device. If the pressure exerted by the external medium on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support device and / or in the connecting channel decreases, the apparent volume of the pressure supply device in the cavity increases, pushing the fluid-solid conversion material to flow outside the support device; or / and, b. When the apparent volume of the pressure supply device increases, the pressure supply device squeezes the fluid-solid conversion material in the internal area of ​​the support device and flows out of the support device through the connecting channel; when the apparent volume of the pressure supply device decreases, if the fluid-solid conversion material around the outside of the support device is subjected to the pressure of the external medium, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the internal area of ​​the support device through the connecting channel. (5) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state The fluid-solid conversion material is bonded together with the support device to form a composite shell, which can resist the pressure of the external medium.

28. A ribbed profile, comprising a tube and longitudinal ribs; wherein at least one section of the tube has at least one longitudinal rib along its length; wherein the longitudinal rib protrudes from the tube wall in cross-section; the tube is referred to as... core pipe .

29. The profile according to claim 28, characterized in that, At least one of the longitudinal ribs is an inwardly extending longitudinal rib, or / and at least one of the longitudinal ribs is Extending longitudinal ribs The inner longitudinal rib is located within the bore of the core tube, and the outer longitudinal rib is located on the outer side of the outer surface of the core tube wall.

30. The profile according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that, The spatial relationship between at least one extended longitudinal rib and the entire profile in cross-section has at least one of the following characteristics. (1) There is a straight segment in the boundary line of the extended longitudinal rib with the following characteristics: the entire cross section of the profile is located on the same side of the straight line where the straight segment is located; the straight segment in the boundary line of the extended longitudinal rib with the above characteristics is called the straight outer boundary of the profile. (2) There is a convex curved segment in the boundary line of the extended longitudinal rib that has one of the following two characteristics, a and b. a. There exists at least one straight line L1 that is tangent to the convex curve segment, and all cross sections of the profile are located on the same side of the straight line L1; b. Select any straight line L2 that is tangent to the convex curve segment, and all cross sections of the profile are located on the same side of the straight line L2; The characteristic of the convex curve segment is that the convex direction of the curve segment is away from the location of the profile; (3) There is a convex curve segment in the boundary line of the extended longitudinal rib with the following characteristics: there is at least one regular curve that coincides with the convex curve segment, and the entire cross section of the profile is located on the same side of the regular curve; or / and, there is at least one regular geometric figure whose outline coincides with the convex curve segment, and the entire cross section of the profile is located in the region of the regular geometric figure. Preferably, the convex curve segment is an arc, and the regular geometric shape whose outline coincides with the convex curve segment is a circular region; preferably, the convex curve segment is a curve on an ellipse, and the regular geometric shape whose outline coincides with the convex curve segment is an elliptical region; preferably, the convex curve segment is a parabola, and the regular geometric shape whose outline coincides with the inner and outer curve segments is a graphic region containing a parabola. (4) There is an inwardly convex curve segment in the boundary line of the longitudinal rib, and the entire cross section of the profile is on the same side of the straight line that coincides with the two endpoints of the inwardly convex curve segment. The characteristic of the convex curve segment is that the curve segment convexes towards the location of the profile; (5) There is an inwardly convex curve segment in the boundary line of the longitudinal rib, and at least one regular curve that coincides with the outwardly convex curve segment, and the entire cross section of the profile is located on the same side of the regular curve; or / and, there is at least one regular geometric figure whose outline coincides with the inwardly convex curve segment, and the entire cross section of the profile is located outside the regular geometric figure; preferably, the inwardly convex curve segment is a circular arc; preferably, the inwardly convex curve segment is a curve on an ellipse; preferably, the inwardly convex curve segment is a parabola; in, The statement that the entire cross section of the profile is on the same side of a certain straight line or curve means that the cross section cannot appear on both sides of the straight line or curve at the same time, but the cross section is allowed to have overlapping parts with the straight line or curve.

31. The profile according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that, (i) At least within a certain section of the profile, there are at least two extended longitudinal ribs on the cross-section, wherein the spatial relationship between the two extended longitudinal ribs, labeled as longitudinal rib 1 and longitudinal rib 2, has at least one of the following three characteristics. (1) There exists a straight line L that overlaps with both longitudinal rib 1 and longitudinal rib 2, and the cross-section of the profile is on the same side of the straight line L. (2) Both extended longitudinal ribs 1 and 2 have straight outer boundaries. These two straight outer boundaries do not overlap, but they both coincide with the same straight line; or, (3) The boundary lines of the extended longitudinal rib 1 and the extended longitudinal rib 2 each contain a curve segment. There is no overlap between the two curve segments, but they both coincide with the same regular curve, and the longitudinal rib 1 and the longitudinal rib 2 are both on the same side of the regular curve. Preferably, both curved segments coincide with the outer contour of the circle, and the profile is either entirely inside or entirely outside the circle. Preferably, both curved segments coincide with the outer contour of the ellipse, and the profile is either entirely inside or entirely outside the ellipse. (ii) At least within a certain section of the profile, at least three extended longitudinal ribs appear on the cross-section, wherein the spatial relationship between the three extended longitudinal ribs, labeled as longitudinal rib 1, longitudinal rib 2, and longitudinal rib 3, has the following characteristics. (1) Each of the boundary lines of longitudinal rib 1, longitudinal rib 2 and longitudinal rib 3 contains a straight line segment with the following characteristics: there is no overlap between any two of the three straight line segments, but all three straight line segments coincide with the same straight line. (2) The boundary lines of longitudinal rib 1, longitudinal rib 2 and longitudinal rib 3 each contain a curve segment with the following characteristics: there is no overlap between any two curve segments among the three curve segments, but the three curve segments coincide with the same regular curve, and longitudinal rib 1, longitudinal rib 2 and longitudinal rib 3 are on the same side of the regular curve. Preferably, all three curve segments coincide with the outer contour of the circle, and the profile is either entirely inside or entirely outside the circle. Preferably, all three curve segments coincide with the outer contour of the ellipse, and the profile is either entirely inside or entirely outside the ellipse. Preferably, all three curve segments coincide with the parabola, and all the profiles are located on the same side of the parabola.

32. The profile according to any one of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that, At least one strip-shaped region exists on at least one cross-section of at least one of the longitudinal ribs, the strip-shaped region having the following feature A and / or feature B: (a) Feature A is, A region A can be divided within the strip-shaped region, and at least one rectangular region R can be constructed corresponding to region A. Regions A and R have the following characteristics. (i) The length of the rectangular region R is greater than its width; (ii) No part of region A appears outside the rectangular region R; (iii) The region A has two non-adjacent boundary lines denoted as line segments L1 and L2, and the rectangular region R has two short boundary lines denoted as line segments L3 and L4. Line segments L1 and L3 have at least one length overlap, and line segments L2 and L4 have at least one length overlap. (iv) Region A does not contain any part of other strip regions, nor does it contain the part where the strip region containing Region A intersects with other regions; (ii) Feature B is, Two boundary lines, L1 and L2, can be found on the boundary of the strip-shaped region, located on opposite sides of the region. The boundary lines L1 and L2 possess at least one of the following characteristics. (1) The lengths of boundary line L1 and boundary line L2 are both greater than the diameter of any circle that is between line segments L1 and L2 and is tangent to both L1 and L2. (2) The lengths of boundary line L1 and boundary line L2 are both greater than the width of the smallest convex quadrilateral that can accommodate the area between boundary lines L1 and L2. (3) The lengths of boundary line L1 and boundary line L2 are each greater than the width of the region between the outer envelopes of L1 and L2; L1 and L2 are located between their outer envelopes; (4) The lengths of boundary line L1 and boundary line L2 are both greater than the distance from any point on L1 to L2; (5) The lengths of boundary line L1 and boundary line L2 are both greater than the distance from any point on L2 to L1; The distance between a point P and a line segment L means that among all points on line segment L, there can always be a point Q with the following characteristics: the distance between point Q and point P is less than or equal to the distance between any point on line segment L and point P. The distance between point P and point Q is the distance between point P and line segment L. The selection range of line segment L includes straight lines, curves, and line segments composed of straight lines and curves.

33. The profile according to any one of claims 28 to 32, characterized in that, At least one longitudinal rib has at least two or more strip regions on at least one cross section, wherein at least two adjacent strip regions A and B have one of the following characteristics. (1) The end of strip region A intersects with the end of strip region B; two adjacent strip regions using this combination are called L-shaped strip regions; (2) The end of strip region A intersects with the long boundary of strip region B, and the intersection is located between the two ends of region B; two adjacent strip regions using this combination are called pan-T-shaped strip regions.

34. The profile according to claim 33, characterized in that: The aforementioned L-shaped strip region is a standard L-shaped strip region; the characteristic of the standard L-shaped strip region is that the axis or long boundary line of strip region A is perpendicular to the axis or long boundary line of strip region B; The aforementioned T-shaped strip region is a standard T-shaped strip region; the standard T-shaped strip region is characterized in that the axis or long boundary line of strip region A is perpendicular to the axis or long boundary line of strip region B; The aforementioned L-shaped longitudinal rib is a standard L-shaped longitudinal rib; the standard L-shaped longitudinal rib is characterized in that, in the cross-section, the axis or long boundary line of strip region A is perpendicular to the axis or long boundary line of strip region B.

35. The aforementioned T-shaped longitudinal rib is a standard T-shaped longitudinal rib; the standard T-shaped longitudinal rib is characterized in that, in the cross-section, the axis or long boundary line of strip region A is perpendicular to the axis or long boundary line of strip region B. According to claim 28 or 29, the profile is characterized in that... At least one region P in the cross-section is connected to two or more extended longitudinal ribs, and the spatial relationship between said region and the profile has one of the following characteristics. (1) There is a straight line segment in the boundary line of the region P with the following characteristics: the entire cross section of the profile is located on the same side of the straight line segment; the straight line segment in the boundary line of the extended longitudinal rib with the above characteristics is called the straight outer boundary of the profile. (2) There is a convex curve segment in the boundary line of the region P with the following characteristics: at least one straight line L is tangent to the convex curve segment, and all the cross sections of the profile are on the same side of the straight line L. (3) There is a convex curve segment in the boundary line of the region P with the following characteristics: if any straight line L is selected that is tangent to the convex curve segment, the entire cross section of the profile is on the same side of the straight line L. The characteristic of the convex curve segment is that the convex direction of the curve segment is away from the location of the profile; (4) There is a convex curve segment in the boundary line of the region P with the following characteristics: there is at least one regular geometric figure whose outline coincides with the convex curve segment, and the entire cross section of the profile is located in the region of the regular geometric figure. Preferably, the convex curve segment is an arc, and the regular geometric shape whose outline coincides with the convex curve segment is a circular region; preferably, the convex curve segment is a curve on an ellipse, and the regular geometric shape whose outline coincides with the convex curve segment is an elliptical region; preferably, the convex curve segment is a parabola, and the regular geometric shape whose outline coincides with the convex curve segment is a region containing a parabola. (5) There is an inwardly convex curve segment in the boundary line of the region P, and the entire cross section of the profile is on the same side of the straight line that coincides with the two endpoints of the inwardly convex curve segment. The characteristic of the convex curve segment is that the curve segment convexes towards the location of the profile; (6) There is an inwardly convex curve segment in the boundary line of the region P, and there is at least one regular geometric figure whose outline coincides with the outwardly convex curve segment, and the entire cross section of the profile is located outside the regular geometric figure. Preferably, the convex curve segment is a circular arc; preferably, the convex curve segment is a curve on an ellipse; preferably, the convex curve segment is a parabola.

36. The profile according to any one of claims 28 to 34, characterized in that, The profile is The profile includes at least two core tubes, A and B, which are located on the outer side of each other; there is at least one connecting longitudinal rib between core tubes A and B; the connecting longitudinal rib connects core tubes A and B together, and the connecting longitudinal rib is an outward extending longitudinal rib for both core tubes A and B.

37. The profile according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that, The profile includes an inner tube and an outer tube, with at least one longitudinal rib between the inner tube and the outer tube. In cross-section, one end of the longitudinal rib is connected to the inner tube, and the other end of the longitudinal rib is connected to the outer tube. The longitudinal rib is an outward longitudinal rib of the inner tube and also an inward longitudinal rib of the outer tube.

38. The profile according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that, At least one region on at least one of the longitudinal ribs has the following characteristics: when welding is performed in the region, the temperature of the core tube of the profile is lower than a predetermined temperature value; when the temperature rises and then falls below the predetermined value, the strength of the core tube material remains higher than the predetermined strength value even after the temperature decreases.

39. A tubular component comprising part A and part B; (i) Part A surrounds a cavity, and Part B fills the cavity; (ii) Part B includes fluid-solid conversion materials, which are materials that can change from a flowable state to a solid state; (iii) Part A includes (1) ribbed profiles and / or unribbed tubing, and (2) sealing device and / or sealing assembly device; The ribbed profile is the ribbed profile as described in any one of claims 28 to 38, and the unribbed tube is a tube without ribs; The sealing device is used to seal the pipe hole at the end of the profile or / and the pipe hole at the end of the pipe; the sealing assembly device can seal the pipe hole and can be connected or assembled with other devices.

40. The tubular element according to claim 39, characterized in that, The nominal strength of the equivalent short column of the tubular element is 50-80 MPa, or 80-100 MPa, or 100-150 MPa, or 150-200 MPa, or 200-250 MPa, or 250-300 MPa, or 300-350 MPa, or 350-400 MPa, or greater than 400 MPa; The equivalent short column Nominal strength Equal to, using Equivalent short column The measured maximum axial compressive load is divided by the cross-sectional area of ​​the equivalent short column; The equivalent short column of the tubular element consists of a core tube of a profile and its internal filling material, and satisfies a length-to-diameter ratio between 2 and 4; the diameter includes the cross-sectional area of ​​the equivalent short column. Minimum Covering Circle diameter and / or Maximum covered circle The diameter; The smallest covering circle S1 of a planar figure Q is the circle with the smallest diameter in set C1; the set C1 is a circle with the following characteristics, in which no part of the planar figure Q appears outside the circle; the largest covered circle S2 of a planar figure Q is the circle with the largest diameter in set C2; the set C2 is a circle with the following characteristics, in which no part of the circle appears outside the planar figure Q2.

41. The component according to claim 39, characterized in that, At least within a certain time period, at least one of the following eight items (a to h) must be present in at least one cavity filled with material B. a. One or more combined volume compensation devices; b. Remnants of one or more combined volume compensation devices; c. At least one blank area where no device or material exists, which was previously occupied by the combined volume compensation device; d. One or more independent pressure supply devices, e. Remnants of one or more independent pressurization devices; f. At least one blank area, in which no device or material exists, which was previously occupied by the independent pressure supply device; g. At least one blank area filled with a device or material, which was previously occupied by the independent pressure supply device; h. One or more auxiliary load-bearing devices; (ii) Among them, (1) The combined volume compensation device as described in any one of claims 1 to 13, or as described in claim 25; (2) The independent pressure supply device is a pressure supply device used alone, without any supporting device; the independent pressure supply device is the pressure supply device as described in any one of claims 9 to 11; or the pressure supply device utilizing osmotic pressure as described in any one of claims 14 to 17; or the liquid absorption expansion pressure supply device as described in any one of claims 18 to 24. (3) The auxiliary bearing device is used to share the axial load borne by the tubular component; Preferably, the auxiliary load-bearing device is a structural steel or a solid block or / and device with higher compressive strength than the material in part B. (4) The remnants of the combined volume compensation device are a part, several parts or all of the device, but the device has lost its function; (5) The remnant of the independent pressure supply device is a part, several parts or all of the device, but it has lost the function of the pressure supply device.

42. The component according to claim 39, characterized in that, in The cavity of the profile contains M types of material B, namely B1, B2...Bi, Bi +1 ...B M The materials each occupy different spatial regions; M is greater than or equal to 1.

43. The component according to claim 39 or 42, characterized in that, in In the cavity of the profile, the material of part B has at least one of the following characteristics I to III: (i) Feature I is that the material in part B has at least one of the following features A and B: (1) The feature A is, There exists at least one m and one n, where 1≤m≤M, 1≤n≤M, M≥2, m≠n, and there exists at least one time period corresponding to m and n; during this time period, material Bn has relatively high fluidity compared to material Bm. (2) Feature B is, There exists at least one m and one n, where 1≤m≤M, 1≤n≤M, M≥2, and m≠n. The corresponding Bm and Bn materials have the following properties: (i) The end time of the flowable state of material Bn is later than or equal to the end time of the flowable state of material Bm, and earlier than the time when the volume shrinkage inflection point of material Bm occurs; or... (ii) The time when the flowable state of the Bn material ends is later than or equal to the time when the volume shrinkage inflection point of the Bm material occurs. (ii) Feature II is that there exists at least one k, 1≤k≤M, and the corresponding Bk material has at least one of the following features A, B, and C. (1) The feature A is, Within the cavity enclosed by part A, there exists at least one region Q1, which is entirely occupied by the Bk material. When the Bk material is in a flowable state, during one, several, or the entire time period, the Bk material in region Q1 has the following characteristics. a. The compressive stress on material Bk in region Q1 is higher than that under normal pressure, or / and, b. The temperature of material Bk in region Q1 is higher than room temperature; (2) Characteristic B is, Within the cavity enclosed by part A, there exists at least one region Q2, which is entirely occupied by the Bk material. During the solidification process of the Bk material transitioning from a flowable state to a solid state, within one, several, or the entire stage, the Bk material in region Q2 exhibits the following characteristics. a. Compressive stress, pre-compressive stress, or residual pre-compressive stress exist in the Bk material in region Q2, and / or, b. The temperature of material Bk in region Q2 is higher than room temperature; (3) Characteristic C is, Within the cavity enclosed by part A, there exists at least one region Q3, which is entirely occupied by the Bk material; after the Bk material solidifies, it exhibits the following characteristics during one or more time periods. a. Compressive stress, pre-compressive stress, or residual pre-compressive stress exist in the Bk material in region Q3, and / or, b. The temperature of material Bk in region Q3 is higher than room temperature; (iii) Feature III is, There exists at least one i and one j, where 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤M, M≥2, and i≠j, such that the corresponding material Bi is adjacent to material Bj; the relationship between them has one of the following properties. (1) Any boundary surface of the Bi material facing the Bj material will only contact the isolation device and will not contact the Bj material; (2) On the boundary surface of the Bi material facing the Bj material, a portion of the Bi material boundary surface only contacts the isolation device and does not contact the Bj material; another portion of the Bi material is in direct contact with the Bj material. (3) The Bi material is in direct contact with the Bj material on the side facing the Bj material. Preferably, the isolation device is a thin iron sheet cylinder, with material Bi inside the cylinder and material Bj outside the cylinder; preferably, the upper and lower ends of the cylinder are sealed, with a feed inlet at the upper end, so that no boundary surface of material Bi is in direct contact with material Bj; preferably, the upper end of the cylinder is not sealed, and the upper end of material Bi is in direct contact with the upper end of material Bj.

44. The tubular element according to claim 43, characterized in that, The Bk material in region Q3 has experienced at least one of the following temperature histories during the curing process: (1) The temperature ranges from 20 to 90℃ for a certain period of time; (2) The temperature is between 90 and 97°C for a certain period of time; (3) The temperature ranges from 97 to 250℃ for a certain period of time; (4) The temperature is between 250 and 300℃ for a certain period of time; (5) When the temperature is between 250 and 300°C for a certain period of time, the hydrostatic pressure on the Bk material is higher than the preset value, so as to prevent the high temperature from reducing the strength of the Bk material. (6) When the temperature is between 300 and 400°C for a certain period of time, the hydrostatic pressure on the Bk material is higher than the preset value to prevent the high temperature from causing the strength of the Bk material to decrease or the material to burst or crack.

45. The tubular element according to claim 39, characterized in that, Part A includes a trunk tube and an end sealing device, wherein the sealing device seals the tube holes at both ends of the trunk tube, and the tube holes at both ends that are sealed become the cavity. The trunk tube is the part of the tube that occupies the largest proportion of the length in section A, and the sealing device is a device that seals both ends of the trunk tube; Preferably, the torso tube is a tube containing only one cavity; preferably, the torso tube is a tube containing two or more cavities.

46. ​​The tubular element according to any one of claims 45 to 45, characterized in that, A simple sealing device or a sealing assembly device is provided at each end of the trunk tube; The simple sealing device is only used to seal the end of the trunk tube; The sealing assembly device has two functions: (1) sealing the end of the trunk tube; (2) connecting the ends of two tubular components and assembling the two tubular components together. After assembly, the axes of the two tubular components overlap or are parallel to each other, or there is a certain angle between the axes of the two basic components.

47. The tubular element according to any one of claims 45 to 46, characterized in that, It has at least one of the following characteristics: (1) In the simple plugging device, a type I plugging method, a type II plugging method, or a type III plugging method is adopted; (2) In the sealing assembly device, one end adopts a type I, type II, or type III sealing method; the other end adopts a type P, type Q, or type R assembly connection device. (3) In the sealing assembly device, one end is sealed by welding, and the other end is assembled by a P-type, Q-type, or R-type assembly connection device. Preferably, a type I sealing method is combined with a type P assembly connection device, or a type II sealing method is combined with a type Q assembly connection device, or a type III sealing method is combined with a type R assembly connection device, or a type I sealing method is combined with a type Q assembly connection device, or a type II sealing method is combined with a type P assembly connection device. in, (1) The characteristics of the type I plugging method are: the plugging device includes a transition tube and a plugging cap; the transition tube has a round hole with internal threads or external threads on the outer wall of the tube, one end of the transition tube is connected to the end of the trunk tube, and the round hole of the transition tube is connected to the cavity of the trunk tube; the plugging cap is connected to the transition tube by threads. (2) The characteristic of the type II sealing method is that the device used includes a transition pipe and a sealing cap. One end of the transition pipe is connected to the end of part A, and the other end of the pipe wall is provided with a number of bolt holes with internal threads. The sealing cap is connected to the transition pipe by bolts, and the bolts are screwed into the bolt holes of the transition pipe. (3) The type III sealing method is that a flange is welded to the end of the body tube of the tubular component, and the sealing plate is connected to the flange with bolts. (4) The characteristic of P-type assembly connection is that the adjacent ends of the two tubular components that need to be longitudinally connected have Assembly line connector The assembly connection ends all have external threads, and two assembly connection ends are connected together by a sleeve with internal threads. (5) The Q-type assembly connection device is characterized in that: the ends of the two tubular components that need to be connected together have assembly connection ends, the assembly connection ends have bolt holes, and the two assembly connection ends are connected together by bolts. (6) The R-type assembly connection device is characterized by having a flange welded to the end of the body tube of the tubular component, the sealing plate being bolted to the flange, the bolt holes of the sealing plate having countersunk holes, and the same bolt being used to connect the end of another tubular component after connecting the flange and the sealing plate.

48. A method for manufacturing a tubular component, characterized by the following features: ( (a) The method includes the following steps: (1) Obtain part A with a cavity. (2) Fill the cavity with material B; The material in part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, which is in a flowable state during the filling process. (ii) Wherein, part A includes, (1) Ribbed profiles and / or unribbed tubes (2) A sealing device and / or a sealing assembly device; The ribbed profile is the ribbed profile as described in any one of claims 28 to 38, and the unribbed tube is a tube; The sealing device is used to seal the pipe hole at the end of the profile or the pipe end; the sealing assembly device can seal the pipe hole and can be connected or assembled with other devices.

49. The method according to claim 48, characterized in that, In step (2), at least one of the following three devices is placed in the cavity: a combined volume compensation device, an independent pressure supply device, and an auxiliary bearing device. in, (1) The combined volume compensation device as described in any one of claims 1 to 13, or as described in claim 25; (2) The independent pressure supply device is a pressure supply device used alone, without any supporting device; the independent pressure supply device is the pressure supply device as described in any one of claims 9 to 11; or the pressure supply device utilizing osmotic pressure as described in any one of claims 14 to 17; or the liquid absorption expansion pressure supply device as described in any one of claims 18 to 24. (3) The auxiliary bearing device is used to share the axial load borne by the tubular component.

50. The method according to claim 48 or 49, characterized in that, After step (2) is completed, or at some point after step (2) is completed, at least one of the following two items must also be completed: (1) During at least one time period, control the pressure of part B material in at least one region of the cavity to make the pressure higher than normal pressure; (2) During at least one time period, control the temperature of part B material in at least one region of the cavity to be higher than normal temperature.

51. The method according to claim 48, characterized in that, in The cavity of the profile contains M types of material B, namely B1, B2...Bi, Bi +1 ...B M The materials each occupy different spatial regions; M is greater than or equal to 1.

52. The component according to claim 48 or 51, characterized in that, In the cavity of the profile, the material of part B has at least the following characteristic I or characteristic II: (i) Feature I is that the material in part B has at least one of the following features A and B: (1) The feature A is, There exists at least one m and one n, where 1≤m≤M, 1≤n≤M, M≥2, m≠n, and there exists at least one time period corresponding to m and n; during this time period, material Bn has relatively high fluidity compared to material Bm. (2) Feature B is, There exists at least one m and one n, where 1≤m≤M, 1≤n≤M, M≥2, and m≠n. The corresponding Bm and Bn materials have the following properties: (i) The end time of the flowable state of material Bn is later than or equal to the end time of the flowable state of material Bm, and earlier than the time when the volume shrinkage inflection point of material Bm occurs; or... (ii) The end of the flowable state of the Bn material is later than or equal to the time when the volume shrinkage inflection point of the Bm material occurs. (ii) Feature II is that there exists at least one k, 1≤k≤M, and the corresponding Bk material has at least one of the following features A, B, and C. (i) The feature A is, Within the cavity enclosed by part A, there exists at least one region Q1, which is entirely occupied by the Bk material. When the Bk material is in a flowable state, during one, several, or the entire time period, the Bk material in region Q1 has the following characteristics. a. The compressive stress on material Bk in region Q1 is higher than that under normal pressure, or / and, b. The temperature of material Bk in region Q1 is higher than room temperature; (ii) Feature B is, Within the cavity enclosed by part A, there exists at least one region Q2, which is entirely occupied by the Bk material. During the solidification process of the Bk material transitioning from a flowable state to a solid state, within one, several, or the entire stage, the Bk material in region Q2 exhibits the following characteristics. a. Compressive stress, pre-compressive stress, or residual pre-compressive stress exist in the Bk material in region Q2, and / or, b. The temperature of material Bk in region Q2 is higher than room temperature; (iii) Characteristic C is, Within the cavity enclosed by part A, there exists at least one region Q3, which is entirely occupied by the Bk material; after the Bk material solidifies, it possesses the following characteristics. a. Compressive stress, pre-compressive stress, or residual pre-compressive stress exist in the Bk material in region Q3, and / or, b. The temperature of material Bk in region Q3 is higher than room temperature.

53. A kind Composite components Its characteristic is that, At least one section of the component along its entire length contains at least one tubular element; the tubular element is the tubular element as described in any one of claims 39 to 47, or a tubular element manufactured using the method described in any one of claims 48 to 52.

54. The component according to claim 53, characterized in that, in The cross-section of the aforementioned component also contains at least one of the following two items: (1) Cross-section of the solid device, The solid device is capable of withstanding loads; (2) The cross-section of the space occupied by the fluid-solid conversion material.

55. The component according to claim 54, characterized in that, The segment has at least one of the following two characteristics: (1) The solid device includes profiles and / or sub-components; the sub-component is a component, which is a component when it exists independently; (2) The fluid-solid conversion material is selected from cement-based materials, solidifiable polymer materials, mixtures of solidifiable polymer materials and solid particles, and cement-based materials containing polymer materials; the cement-based materials contain cement that participates in hydration.

56. The component according to claim 55, characterized in that, The segment of the component has at least one of the following three characteristics: (1) The selection range of the profiles includes: sheet metal, H-shaped cross-section profiles, T-shaped cross-section profiles, L-shaped cross-section profiles, U-shaped cross-section profiles, cross-shaped cross-section profiles, grid-shaped cross-section profiles, corner-missing grid-shaped cross-section profiles, and pipes; Preferably, the pipe is selected from polygonal pipes, rounded polygonal pipes, and pipes whose outer contour contains straight lines and / or curves; Preferably, the profile is a steel section; (2) The sub-components are selected from steel structure components, reinforced concrete components, and composite structure components; (3) The cement-based material is selected from cement mortar, concrete, and reactive powder concrete.

57. The component according to any one of claims 53 to 56, characterized in that, It must possess at least one of the following three characteristics: A, B, and C. (a) Feature A is that the component is a parallel component; The parallel component is characterized in that at least one segment of the component along its entire length has one of the following characteristics: (1) There are two or more tubular elements in the cross-section; (2) There are one or more tubular elements and one or more solid devices in the cross-section. (ii) Feature B is that the component is a composite component; The composite component is characterized in that at least one segment of the component along its entire length has the following characteristics. The cross-section contains at least one tubular element and at least one fluid-solid conversion material; (iii) Feature C is that the component is a general composite component; The composite component is characterized in that at least one segment of the component along its entire length has the following characteristics. The cross-section contains at least one tubular element, at least one solid device, and at least one fluid-solid conversion material.

58. The component according to any one of claims 53 to 57, characterized in that, It must possess at least one of the following three characteristics: A, B, and C. (a) Feature A is, The parallel component has at least one of the following two characteristics. (1) There is a connection between at least one tubular element and at least one other tubular element; (2) There is a connection between at least one tubular element and at least one solid device; (ii) Feature B is, In the composite component, at least a portion of the surface of at least one tubular element is in contact with the fluid-solid conversion material; (iii) Feature C is, The generalized composite component has at least one of the following characteristics. (1) At least one tubular element is connected to at least one other tubular element; (2) There is a connection between at least one tubular component and at least one profile; (3) There is a connection between at least one tubular component and at least one sub-component; (4) At least a portion of the surface of at least one tubular element is in contact with the fluid-solid conversion material; (5) There is at least one such tubular element, which is surrounded by a fluid-solid conversion material in cross-section; (6) There is at least one such tubular element, which is surrounded by a fluid-solid conversion material in cross-section; and the tubular element is not connected to any other tubular element or to any solid device, regardless of the connecting effect of the fluid-solid conversion material. in, The connection includes direct connection and / or indirect connection; if two objects A and B are connected, the direct connection is characterized in that after the connection, the two objects A and B are in direct contact, or the distance between them is zero, or the distance between them is very small; the indirect connection is characterized in that after the connection, the distance between the two objects A and B is much greater than the distance of the direct connection. Preferably, the specific method of connecting the two objects includes at least one of the following: welding, bolting, riveting, rivet bolting, and adhesive bonding; preferably, the welding includes at least one of the following: continuous weld, intermittent weld, and plugging weld.

59. The component according to claim 57 or 58, characterized in that, in In the parallel structure, any tubular element has at least one of the following characteristics. (1) The tubular element is connected to at least one other tubular element, the connection being a direct connection and / or an indirect connection; (2) The tubular element is connected to at least one profile, and the connection is a direct connection or / and an indirect connection; (3) The tubular element is connected to at least one sub-component, and the connection is a direct connection or / and an indirect connection.

60. The component according to claim 57 or 58, characterized in that, in In the parallel components (1) The parallel component is a column, and is called a parallel column; The parallel column comprises tubular elements, profiles and / or sub-components; and has at least one of the following characteristics: (i) adjacent tubular elements are directly connected; (ii) adjacent profiles are directly connected; (iii) adjacent sub-components are directly connected; (iv) a tubular element is directly connected to an adjacent profile; (v) a tubular element is directly connected to an adjacent sub-component. (2) The parallel component is a beam, and is called a parallel beam; The parallel beams include (i) tubular elements, and (ii) profiles and / or sub-components; There is at least one such tubular element, and at least a portion of the cross-section of the tubular element is located in the compression zone of the beam; Preferably, the tubular element is directly connected to the profile, or / and the tubular element is directly connected to the sub-component; (3) The parallel component is a lattice column. The lattice column includes column members and tie members. At least one column member is selected as a tubular element. The connection between the column members shall use an intermediate medium, which is the tie member. The connection between the column members is an indirect connection. Preferably, the tubular element has longitudinal ribs, and the lacing material in the lattice column is connected to the longitudinal ribs; (4) The parallel component is a truss. In the truss, at least one compression chord is a tubular element, and / or at least one compression web member is a tubular element; the connection between the upper and lower chords is achieved through an intermediate medium, which is a web member, and the connection between the upper and lower chords is an indirect connection.

61. The component according to claim 57 or 58, characterized in that, It must have at least one of the following two characteristics: (i) The feature A is that the composite component is a composite column, and the composite column is a type A composite column or a type B composite column; (1) The characteristic of the type A composite column is that at least one section of the column along its entire length has at least one of the following characteristics. (i) In cross-section, at least one region surrounded by a plurality of tubular elements is filled with a fluid-solid conversion material; (ii) At least one region surrounded by the tubular component and the profile is filled with a fluid-solid conversion material; (iii) At least one region surrounded by the tubular element and the sub-component is filled with a fluid-solid conversion material; (2) The characteristic of the type B composite column is that at least one section of the column along its entire length has at least one of the following characteristics. (i) At least one of the tubular elements is not laterally connected to other tubular elements; (i) At least one of the tubular elements is not laterally connected to the solid device; (ii) At least one tubular element in the cross-section is surrounded by fluid-solid conversion material. (ii) Feature B is that the composite component is a composite beam. The composite beam comprises tubular components, fluid-solid conversion materials, and tension components; It has the following characteristics, (1) There is at least one such tubular element, and at least a portion of the tubular element is located in the compression zone of the composite beam in cross-section; (2) A tension element exists in the tension zone of the composite beam, and a fluid-solid conversion material exists in the area outside the tubular element and the tension element; the tension element is a material or device capable of withstanding tensile force. Preferably, the tension element is a steel bar, steel strand, carbon fiber reinforcement, glass fiber reinforcement, or basalt fiber reinforcement; Preferably, the fluid-solid conversion material is a cement-based material; preferably, the cement-based material is selected from concrete, reactive powder concrete, mortar, fiber concrete, fiber reactive powder concrete, and fiber mortar.

62. The component according to claim 57 or 58, characterized in that, (i) The aforementioned composite component is a beam, referred to as a composite beam; The characteristic of the generalized composite beam is that at least one segment of the beam along its entire length has at least one of the following two characteristics: (1) The feature A is, The compression zone of a beam in its cross-section must have at least one of the following three characteristics. (i) There is at least one such tubular element, at least a portion of which is located in the compression zone of the beam; (ii) There is at least one such profile, at least a portion of which is located in the compression zone of the beam; (iii) There is at least one such sub-member, at least a portion of which is located in the compression zone of the beam; (2) Feature B is, The tension zone of a beam in its cross-section must have at least one of the following four characteristics. (i) There is at least one such tubular element, at least a portion of which is located in the tension zone of the beam; (ii) There is at least one such profile, at least a portion of which is located in the tension zone of the beam; (iii) There is at least one such sub-member, at least a portion of which is located in the tension zone of the beam; (iv) At least one tension element is located in the tension zone of the beam; the tension element is a device or material capable of bearing tensile force, used to share the tensile force in the tension zone of the beam; Preferably, the tension element is selected from steel bars, steel strands, carbon fiber bars, basalt fiber bars, and glass fiber bars; (ii) The aforementioned composite component is a column, referred to as a composite column; The composite column is a pressure-bearing component, and the tubular element shares the axial pressure of the component.

63. The component according to claim 57, 58, or 62, characterized in that, At least one section of the composite member or the general composite member has at least one blank area on its cross-section, in which no material is filled.

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