Equipment and method for detecting adsorption performance of melt-blown cloth

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of new material detection, particularly relates to equipment and a method for detecting the adsorption performance of melt-blown cloth, and provides the following scheme aiming at the problems that a test scene is not fit with reality, synchronous microscopic observation cannot be realized, the sealing reliability is poor and data acquisition is incomplete in the existing equipment for detecting the adsorption performance of the melt-blown cloth. A box cover is rotatably installed on the front face of the detection box, an observation hole is formed in the concave position of the top of the detection box, transparent glass is arranged at the position of the observation hole, the microscopic observation module is arranged at the concave position of the top of the detection box, and the microscopic observation module is matched with the observation hole. A closed-loop gas circuit is adopted to be attached to an actual use scene, the adsorption performance and the micromorphology can be synchronously detected, and a sample is fixed and sealed reliably; dynamic parameters are collected in real time, a curve is generated, a drying part is convenient to replace, the automation degree is high, and various detection requirements are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new material testing technology, and in particular to a testing device and method for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric. Background Technology

[0002] Meltblown nonwoven fabric, especially electret meltblown nonwoven fabric, is the core filter material for personal protective equipment such as masks and is widely used in the medical materials field. Its filtration efficiency mainly relies on the mechanical interception and electrostatic adsorption of the fibers. As the core filter material of masks, the adsorption performance of meltblown nonwoven fabric directly determines the protective effect of the mask.

[0003] Currently, the industry's evaluation of meltblown nonwoven fabric performance mainly relies on testing its initial filtration efficiency and airflow resistance under constant, clean airflow conditions (such as according to GB2626-2019 standard). However, this static, single-point testing method has significant shortcomings: Existing meltblown fabric adsorption performance testing equipment has the following drawbacks: First, the gas path is mostly an open design, and the aerosol is used only once, which not only wastes raw materials but also cannot simulate the actual use scenario of meltblown fabric being continuously exposed to pollutants for a long time in a confined space, resulting in a large deviation between the test conditions and actual working conditions. Second, after the test, the sample needs to be removed for microscopic observation, which can easily lead to sample contamination or particulate matter shedding, making it impossible to achieve simultaneous correlation analysis between adsorption performance and micromorphology. Third, there is a lack of precise control over temperature, humidity, and flow rate in the gas path, and it is impossible to monitor dynamic parameters during the adsorption process in real time (such as real-time adsorption efficiency and changes in ventilation resistance), resulting in insufficient completeness of the test data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing meltblown fabric adsorption performance testing equipment, such as unrealistic testing scenarios, inability to simultaneously observe microscopic features, poor sealing reliability, and incomplete data acquisition. The invention proposes a test device and method for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric, which achieves closed-loop gas path simulation of actual use scenarios, simultaneous detection of adsorption performance and microstructure, precise sample fixation and sealing, and real-time acquisition and analysis of dynamic parameters, thereby improving the authenticity, completeness, and reliability of the test data.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A testing device for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric includes a testing chamber with a cover rotatably mounted on its front. An observation hole is provided in a recessed area at the top of the testing chamber, and a transparent glass pane is positioned at the observation hole. The device further includes: a microscopic observation module located at the recessed area at the top of the testing chamber, which cooperates with the observation hole; a support and adjustment mechanism installed inside the testing chamber for supporting and fixing the meltblown fabric; an upper sealing and connecting mechanism and a lower sealing and connecting mechanism, both installed inside the testing chamber and cooperating with the support and adjustment mechanism for testing the meltblown fabric; and a common aerosol generator connected to the outer sides of both the upper and lower sealing and connecting mechanisms.

[0006] Preferably, the microscopic observation module includes an adjustable gimbal, which is mounted on the top of the inspection box. A microscope is mounted on the adjustable gimbal and is located above the observation hole. A controller is connected to the adjustable gimbal and the microscope, and a computer terminal is connected to the controller. Both the computer terminal and the controller are mounted on the top of the inspection box.

[0007] Preferably, the support adjustment mechanism includes a support plate and a support shaft. The support shaft is vertically rotatably mounted inside the detection box via a bearing. The support plate is fixedly mounted on the outside of the support shaft. Two detection through holes are symmetrically opened on the support plate, and the observation hole is aligned with one of the detection through holes.

[0008] Preferably, the inner walls of both detection through holes are provided with adapter grooves, and the bottom inner walls of each adapter groove are provided with multiple magnetic positioning grooves. A meltblown fabric fixing frame is movably installed in the adapter groove, and multiple magnetic positioning rods are fixedly installed at the bottom of the meltblown fabric fixing frame. The magnetic positioning rods are attracted to the magnetic positioning grooves. An embedded groove is provided at the top of the meltblown fabric fixing frame, and an embedded ring is fitted in the embedded groove. The meltblown fabric is fixed by the engagement of the embedded ring and the embedded groove.

[0009] Preferably, a first gear is sleeved on the outer side of the support shaft, a stepper motor is installed on the bottom inner wall of the detection box, and a second gear is installed on the output shaft of the stepper motor, the second gear meshing with the first gear.

[0010] Preferably, the upper sealing and communication mechanism includes an upper plate, which is fixedly installed on the side wall of the detection box. An upper cone is fixedly installed at the bottom of the upper plate, and an upper sealing tube is slidably installed on the outer side of the upper cone. Two upper electric push rods are fixedly installed at the bottom of the upper plate, and the output shafts of the two upper electric push rods are fixedly installed with the upper sealing tube. An aerosol input pipe is connected to the top of the upper cone. A first particulate matter concentration sensor is installed inside the aerosol input pipe, and a first sensor controller is connected to the first particulate matter concentration sensor. An aerosol control valve is installed on the aerosol input pipe. A pump is installed on the top of the aerosol generator. An inlet pipe connects the inlet of the pump to the aerosol generator, and an outlet pipe connects the outlet of the pump to the aerosol input pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the lower sealing and communication mechanism includes a lower plate, which is fixedly installed on the side wall of the detection box. A lower cone is fixedly installed on the top of the lower plate, and a lower sealing tube is slidably installed on the outer side of the lower cone. Two lower electric push rods are fixedly installed on the top of the lower plate, and the output shafts of the two lower electric push rods are fixedly installed on the outer side of the lower sealing tube. Two sealing grooves are opened at the top and bottom of the support plate. The sealing grooves are located on the outer side of the detection through hole, and the upper sealing tube and the lower sealing tube respectively seal with the corresponding sealing groove.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the lower cone is connected to a recovery pipe, a second particulate matter concentration sensor is installed inside the recovery pipe, a second sensor controller is connected to the second particulate matter concentration sensor, a drying unit is connected to the recovery pipe, a connecting pipe is connected to the drying unit, the connecting pipe is connected to an aerosol generator, a connecting valve is installed on the connecting pipe, a branch pipe is connected to the connecting pipe, and a branch valve is installed on the branch pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the drying unit includes a drying chamber, which is connected to a connecting pipe and a recovery pipe. An installation hole is provided on the outside of the drying chamber, and a drying plate is movably installed in the installation hole. The drying plate has multiple drying holes, and a sealing plate is installed on the outside of the drying plate. Four mounting screws are installed on the outside of the sealing plate, and the sealing plate is fixed to the outside of the drying chamber by the four mounting screws to seal the installation holes.

[0014] Preferably, the testing box has an opening on the front for taking out and putting in, and a sealing strip is provided between the box cover and the testing box; the computer terminal has built-in data fusion algorithm, dynamic adsorption parameter calculation algorithm and defect identification algorithm for data processing, report generation and instruction issuance.

[0015] A method for using a device for testing the adsorption properties of meltblown fabric includes the following steps: S1: The meltblown fabric sample is fixed on the meltblown fabric fixing frame by the fit of the inner ring and the inner groove. Then the meltblown fabric fixing frame is placed into the adapter groove and positioned by inserting the magnetic positioning rod into the magnetic positioning groove. The two upper electric push rods push the upper sealing tube downward and enter the sealing groove to seal, forming the test chamber. S2: Start the device via computer terminal and controller, set test parameters, including at least test flow rate, aerosol concentration, temperature and humidity, and at least one test termination condition; the cumulative adsorption amount reaches a preset threshold; the real-time adsorption efficiency decreases to a preset efficiency threshold; the ventilation resistance increases to a preset resistance threshold; the test duration reaches a preset duration threshold. S3: The aerosol generator produces aerosol, which, after temperature and humidity adjustment, is driven by a pump to flow through the meltblown fabric sample at a constant flow rate; S4: During the test, upstream particulate matter concentration and pressure data are collected in real time through the first particulate matter concentration sensor and the first sensor controller. Downstream particulate matter concentration and pressure data are collected through the second particulate matter concentration sensor and the second sensor controller. The gas enters the drying unit through the recovery pipe, is dried and filtered through the drying plate and drying holes, and is then recycled through the connecting pipe. Through the closed-loop gas path and constant flow control, the use scenario of meltblown fabric being continuously exposed to pollutants in a limited space for a long time is simulated, and the test conditions are closer to reality. S5: Based on the collected data, calculate dynamic adsorption performance parameters in real time, including real-time adsorption efficiency, cumulative adsorption capacity, and ventilation resistance; S6: Real-time determination of whether the dynamic adsorption performance parameters meet the preset test termination conditions; when any test termination condition is met, the test is automatically stopped; S7: Based on all collected data, generate a dynamic adsorption performance parameter report, including real-time adsorption efficiency-time curve, cumulative adsorption amount-time curve, and ventilation resistance-time curve; S8: Stop the airflow, move the two upper electric push rods to drive the upper sealing tube upward away from the sealing groove, and move the two lower electric push rods to drive the lower sealing tube downward away from the sealing groove. The stepper motor drives the support shaft to rotate 180 degrees through the second gear and the first gear, so that the meltblown cloth after the test is completed moves to the bottom of the observation hole and is transferred to the bottom of the microscope. The adjustable gimbal can be adjusted in the X, Y and Z directions to perform microscopic observation and image recording of the particle distribution and fiber morphology on the sample surface.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the device and method for detecting the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric described in this invention are as follows: 1. Closed-loop gas path design fits actual use scenarios: The closed-loop gas path is formed by aerosol generator, pump, drying unit and connecting pipe. The aerosol is recycled, which not only saves raw materials, but also simulates the actual working conditions of meltblown cloth being continuously exposed to pollutants for a long time in a limited space, making the test data more valuable. At the same time, the pump achieves constant flow control to ensure stable test flow rate.

[0017] 2. Simultaneous detection of adsorption performance and microstructure: The support adjustment mechanism can rotate the sample 180°, enabling rapid switching between the detection and observation positions. The sample can be observed microscopically through the positional microscopic observation module without removing the sample, avoiding sample contamination or particulate matter shedding, and realizing simultaneous correlation analysis of adsorption performance data and microstructure.

[0018] 3. Reliable sample fixation and sealing: The magnetic positioning rod and magnetic positioning groove of the meltblown cloth fixing frame are magnetically positioned and pressed and fixed by the inner ring, ensuring that the sample is accurately fixed and not easily displaced; the elastic sealing cooperation between the upper and lower sealing tubes and the sealing groove ensures the sealing performance of the test chamber and avoids aerosol leakage that could lead to distorted test data.

[0019] 4. Real-time and comprehensive acquisition of dynamic parameters: Concentration and pressure data are collected in real time through upstream and downstream particulate matter concentration sensors. The computer terminal calculates parameters such as dynamic adsorption efficiency, cumulative adsorption amount, and ventilation resistance in real time, generating dynamic curves. The detection data is comprehensive and timely, and can accurately reflect changes in the adsorption process.

[0020] 5. Convenient and efficient operation: The drying plate adopts a detachable and sealed installation design, which makes replacement convenient and quick, improving the continuous use efficiency of the equipment; the computer terminal integrates parameter setting, data processing and report generation functions, with a high degree of automation, reducing the intensity of manual operation.

[0021] 6. Microscopic observation at different positions can be achieved by adjusting the adjustable gimbal. The sample fixing frame is adapted to meltblown fabric samples of different sizes, and the test parameters such as flow rate and aerosol concentration can be flexibly set to meet various testing needs.

[0022] This invention employs a closed-loop gas path to fit actual application scenarios, enabling simultaneous detection of adsorption performance and microstructure, and ensuring reliable sample fixation and sealing. It also features real-time acquisition of dynamic parameters and generation of curves, convenient replacement of drying components, high degree of automation, and adaptability to various detection needs. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a testing device for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a bottom view schematic diagram of the structure of a testing device for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric proposed in this invention; Figure 3This is a side view of the structure of a testing device for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric proposed in this invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a testing device for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric proposed in this invention; Figure 5 This invention provides a structural schematic diagram of the support adjustment mechanism, the upper sealing and communication mechanism, the lower sealing and communication mechanism, and the aerosol generator. Figure 6 This invention provides a side view of the supporting adjustment mechanism, the upper sealing and connecting mechanism, the lower sealing and connecting mechanism, and the aerosol generator. Figure 7 The following is a bottom view of the supporting adjustment mechanism, the upper sealing and connecting mechanism, the lower sealing and connecting mechanism, and the aerosol generator proposed in this invention; Figure 8 This invention presents a schematic diagram of the upper sealing and communication mechanism. Figure 9 A bottom view of the upper sealing and communication mechanism proposed in this invention is provided. Figure 10 This is a side view of the upper sealing and communication mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 11 This invention presents a schematic diagram of the lower sealing and communication mechanism and the aerosol generator. Figure 12 A bottom view of the lower sealing and communication mechanism and aerosol generator proposed in this invention; Figure 13 This invention provides a structural schematic diagram of the drying unit, connecting pipe, connecting valve, and branch pipe; Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the supporting adjustment mechanism is provided for this invention; Figure 15 This is a bottom view schematic diagram of the support and adjustment mechanism proposed in this invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Detection box; 11. Box cover; 101. Sealing strip; 12. Loading / unloading port; 13. Observation hole; 2. Microscopic observation module; 21. Adjustable gimbal; 22. Microscope; 3. Computer terminal; 31. Controller; 4. Support adjustment mechanism; 41. Support plate; 42. Support shaft; 43. First gear; 44. Second gear; 45. Stepper motor; 46. Sealing groove; 47. Adaptor groove; 471. Magnetic positioning groove; 48. Meltblown fabric fixing frame; 481. Magnetic positioning rod; 482. Embedded groove; 49. Embedded ring; 411. Detection through hole; 5. Upper sealing and connecting mechanism; 51. Upper plate; 52. Upper cone; 53. Upper sealing tube; 54. Upper electric push rod; 55. 551. First sensor controller; 56. First particulate matter concentration sensor; 57. Aerosol input pipe; 68. Aerosol control valve; 79. Lower sealing and connecting mechanism; 60. Lower plate; 61. Lower cone; 62. Lower sealing pipe; 63. Lower electric push rod; 64. Lower electric push rod; 65. Second sensor controller; 66. Second particulate matter concentration sensor; 67. Recovery pipe; 68. Drying unit; 69. Drying box; 60. Mounting hole; 61. Drying plate; 62. Drying hole; 63. Sealing plate; 64. Mounting screw; 75. Aerosol generator; 71. Inlet pipe; 72. Pump; 73. Outlet pipe; 74. Connecting pipe; 741. Connecting valve; 75. Branch pipe; 751. Branch valve. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions in this embodiment will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this embodiment, and not all embodiments. Example 1

[0026] Reference Figures 1-15 A testing device for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric includes a testing box 1, a microscopic observation module 2, a support and adjustment mechanism 4, an upper sealing and connecting mechanism 5, a lower sealing and connecting mechanism 6, an aerosol generator 7, a computer terminal 3, and a controller 31. The testing box 1 is the main body of the device, with a box cover 11 with a sealing strip 101 rotatably installed on the front. An observation hole 13 with transparent glass is opened in the top recess, and a pick-up and put-out port 12 is opened on the front. The interior forms a sealed testing cavity, providing installation and testing space for each component.

[0027] Specifically, the gas-path closed-loop system: Aerosol generator 1 employs the solution atomization-drying crystallization principle, atomizing and drying the NaCl solution to produce polydisperse solid salt crystal particles with particle sizes mainly concentrated between 0.3μm and 2.5μm. The output concentration of aerosol generator 1 is precisely adjusted by 3. The generated aerosol enters the first temperature and humidity regulator, where it is adjusted to the set temperature and humidity. Subsequently, the airflow enters the test chamber, passes through the meltblown fabric sample, and enters the downstream. The airflow exiting the downstream chamber passes through the second temperature and humidity regulator, undergoing possible secondary adjustments, such as dehumidification and filtration, to capture most of the particulate matter. The purified clean air returns to the aerosol generator inlet, forming a closed loop.

[0028] The microscopic observation module 2 is installed in the recessed area on the top of the detection box 1 and is coaxially fitted with the observation hole 13. It includes an adjustable gimbal 21 and a microscope 22. The adjustable gimbal 21 is fixed on the top of the detection box 1 and has X, Y and Z axis adjustment functions, which can precisely adjust the observation position of the microscope 22. The microscope 22 is fixed on the adjustable gimbal 21, with the detection end aligned with the observation hole 13, and is connected to the computer terminal 3 for microscopic observation and image storage of the distribution of particulate matter and fiber morphology on the sample surface after detection.

[0029] Reference Figure 14 , Figure 15 In this embodiment, the support adjustment mechanism 4 is vertically rotatably installed inside the detection box 1 to support and fix the meltblown fabric sample. It includes a support plate 41, a support shaft 42, a first gear 43, a second gear 44, and a stepper motor 45. The support shaft 42 is vertically rotatably installed on the inner wall of the bottom of the detection box 1 via a deep groove ball bearing. The support plate 41 is horizontally fixed to the outside of the support shaft 42, and two symmetrical detection through holes 411 are provided. The observation hole 13 is coaxially aligned with one of the detection through holes 411. An adapter groove 4 is provided on the inner wall of the detection through hole 411. 7. The bottom of the adapter slot 47 is provided with a magnetic positioning slot 471. A meltblown cloth fixing frame 48 is movably installed in the adapter slot 47. The magnetic positioning rod 481 at the bottom of the meltblown cloth fixing frame 48 is magnetically positioned with the magnetic positioning slot 471. The top is pressed by the inner ring 49 cooperating with the inner groove 482 to press the meltblown cloth. The sealing groove 46 on the upper and lower surfaces of the support plate 41 is provided with an elastic sealing ring, which is sealed and cooperates with the upper and lower sealing tubes. The first gear 43 is fixedly sleeved on the lower part of the support shaft 42 and meshes with the second gear 44 on the output shaft of the stepper motor 45.

[0030] Specifically, the stepper motor 45 drives the support shaft 42 to rotate the support plate 41 by 180°, thereby switching between the detection position and the observation position.

[0031] Reference Figures 8-10In this embodiment, the upper sealing and connecting mechanism 5 is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the detection box 1, including an upper plate 51, an upper cone 52, an upper sealing tube 53, and two upper electric push rods 54; the upper plate 51 is fixed to the inner wall of the detection box, the upper cone 52 is vertically fixed to the bottom of the upper plate 51, and the aerosol input pipe 56 connected at the top is equipped with a first particulate matter concentration sensor 551. The first particulate matter concentration sensor 551 is electrically connected to the first sensor controller 55 and is used to collect upstream particulate matter concentration and pressure data; the aerosol control valve 57 on the aerosol input pipe 56 controls the aerosol flow; the upper sealing tube 53 is slidably sleeved on the outside of the upper cone 52, and the two upper electric push rods 54 drive it to rise and fall, and the bottom is sealed with the sealing groove 46 to form a test chamber.

[0032] Reference Figures 11-13 In this embodiment, the lower sealing and connecting mechanism 6 is installed on the lower part of the inner wall of the detection box 1, including a lower plate 61, a lower cone 62, a lower sealing tube 63, and two lower electric push rods 64. The lower plate 61 is fixed to the inner wall of the detection box, and the lower cone 62 is vertically fixed to the top of the lower plate 61. The recovery tube 66 connected to the bottom is equipped with a second particulate matter concentration sensor 651. The second particulate matter concentration sensor 651 is electrically connected to a second sensor controller 65 and is used to collect downstream particulate matter concentration and pressure data. The drying unit 67 connected to the recovery tube 66 includes a drying box 671, a drying plate 673, and a sealing plate 675. The drying plate 673 is installed through the mounting hole 672, and the sealing plate 675 is fixed by the mounting screw 676. The drying hole 674 of the drying plate 673 is filled with desiccant to dry and filter the recovered gas. The lower sealing tube 63 is slidably sleeved on the outside of the lower cone 62, and the two lower electric push rods 64 drive it to rise and fall. The top is sealed with the sealing groove 46.

[0033] Reference Figure 11 In this embodiment, the aerosol generator 7 provides aerosol for detection. The pump 72 installed on the top is connected to the aerosol input pipe 56 through the inlet pipe 71 and the outlet pipe 73 to drive the aerosol circulation. The drying unit 67 is connected to the aerosol generator 7 through the connecting pipe 74 to form a closed-loop gas path. The connecting valve 741 on the connecting pipe 74 controls the opening and closing of the circulating gas path. The branch pipe 75 and the branch valve 751 are used for gas discharge or replenishment.

[0034] In this embodiment, the computer terminal 3 is electrically connected to the controller 31, and the controller 31 is electrically connected to each electric push rod, stepper motor, pump, valve, sensor, etc., to realize command transmission and component coordination; the computer terminal 3 has built-in algorithms for parameter setting, data processing, dynamic adsorption parameter calculation, report generation and image storage.

[0035] In this embodiment, the assembly process of the present invention includes: First, basic component assembly: Install the sealing strip 101 inside the cover 11 of the test box 1, and install the cover 11 on the front of the test box 1 by hinge rotation; install quartz glass at the observation hole 13 and seal it; install a protective door at the loading and unloading port 12.

[0036] Second, the support adjustment mechanism is assembled: the support shaft 42 is vertically installed on the bottom inner wall of the test box 1 through a deep groove ball bearing; the support plate 41 is horizontally fixed on the outside of the support shaft 42 to ensure that the two test through holes 411 are symmetrically distributed; the first gear 43 is fixedly sleeved on the lower part of the support shaft 42; the stepper motor 45 is fixed on the bottom inner wall of the test box 1, the position is adjusted so that the second gear 44 meshes with the first gear 43, and the fixing bolts are tightened.

[0037] Third, assembly of the upper / lower sealing and connecting mechanism: The upper plate 51 is fixed to the upper part of the inner side wall of the detection box 1, the upper cone 52 is vertically fixed to the bottom of the upper plate 51, the aerosol input pipe 56 is connected to the top of the upper cone 52, and the aerosol control valve 57 and the first particulate matter concentration sensor 551 are installed in sequence. The first particulate matter concentration sensor 551 is electrically connected to the first sensor controller 55; the upper sealing pipe 53 is slidably sleeved on the outside of the upper cone 52, and two upper electric push rods 54 are symmetrically fixed to the bottom of the upper plate 51. The output shaft is fixed to the outer side wall of the upper sealing pipe 53. The lower sealing and connecting mechanism 6 is assembled using the same process, and the recovery pipe 66 is connected to the drying box 671. 4. Drying unit assembly: The desiccant is filled into the drying hole 674 of the drying plate 673, the drying plate 673 is inserted into the mounting hole 672 of the drying box 671, and the sealing plate 675 is fixed to the outside of the drying box 671 by the mounting screws 676 to complete the sealing. 5. Assembly of Gas Circuit Components: Aerosol generator 7 is fixed to the outside of detection box 1. Pump 72 is installed on top of aerosol generator 7. Inlet pipe 71 connects pump 72 inlet to aerosol generator 7. Outlet pipe 73 connects pump 72 outlet to aerosol input pipe 56. Connecting pipe 74 connects drying box 671 to aerosol generator 7. Connecting valve 741, branch pipe 75, and branch valve 751 are installed in sequence. 6. Assembly of Microscopic Observation Module: Adjustable gimbal 21 is fixed to the recessed area on top of detection box 1, ensuring coaxiality with observation hole 13. Microscope 22 is fixed on adjustable gimbal 21, and the detection end is adjusted to align with observation hole 13. 7. Assembly of Electrical Control System: Computer terminal 3 and controller 31 are fixed to the outside of top of detection box 1. The controller 31 is connected to each electric push rod, stepper motor, pump, valve, sensor, and microscope 22 through wires and communication lines. A power module is installed to supply power to each electrical component, completing the overall assembly.

[0038] This invention also provides a method for using a testing device for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric. Based on a dynamic closed-loop meltblown fabric adsorption performance testing device, it includes a closed-loop control logic of "sample fixation, sealing and molding, parameter setting, closed-loop cyclic testing, data acquisition, microscopic observation, and report generation." Through the coordinated operation of a computer terminal, controller, actuator, and testing mechanism, it achieves automated and high-precision testing of the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric. Specifically, it consists of nine stages, including the following steps: S1: After the operator checks whether the connections of each component are secure, whether the air path is unobstructed, and whether the desiccant is effective, the equipment power is turned on; the computer terminal 3 and controller 31 initialize and start, and the detection control software automatically loads preset parameters. Component self-test: Each actuator and sensor enters self-test mode: the upper electric push rod 54 and the lower electric push rod 64 perform no-load lifting and lowering movements to verify the smoothness of extension and retraction and positioning accuracy; the stepper motor 45 drives the support plate 41 to rotate 180° and then reset to verify the rotation accuracy and gear transmission stability; the pump 72 runs no-load for 30 seconds to verify that there is no leakage in the air path; the first particulate matter concentration sensor 551 and the second particulate matter concentration sensor 552 collect initial signals to verify that the data transmission is normal; the microscope 22 takes test images to verify that the image acquisition and storage functions are normal; after the self-test is passed, the computer terminal 3 displays the "ready" status; otherwise, an alarm signal is issued and the faulty component is indicated.

[0039] S2: The operator opens the loading / unloading port 12 of the testing box 1, lays the meltblown fabric sample to be tested flat in the inner groove 482 of the meltblown fabric fixing frame 48, covers it with the inner ring 49 to press the sample, ensuring that the sample is wrinkle-free and undamaged; places the meltblown fabric fixing frame 48 with the sample assembled into the adapter groove 47 of one of the testing through holes 411 of the support plate 41, and the magnetic positioning rod 481 and the magnetic positioning groove 471 are magnetically attracted to each other to fix the sample; close the loading / unloading port 12 and lock it. Position calibration: The computer terminal 3 issues a "calibration" command, and the controller 31 controls the stepper motor 45 to drive the support plate 41 to rotate, so that the testing through hole 411 containing the sample is aligned with the central axis of the upper cone 52 and the lower cone 62. After calibration, a feedback signal is sent to the computer terminal 3.

[0040] S3: Computer terminal 3 issues a "seal" command, controller 31 controls the upper electric push rod 54 to extend, driving the upper sealing tube 53 to move downward until the bottom of the upper sealing tube 53 is embedded in the sealing groove 46 on the upper surface of the support plate 41, and the elastic sealing ring is compressed to achieve a seal; at the same time, it controls the lower electric push rod 64 to extend, driving the lower sealing tube 63 to move upward and embed in the sealing groove 46 on the lower surface of the support plate 41 to achieve a seal; after sealing is completed, controller 31 detects the chamber sealing performance through a pressure sensor, and after confirming that there is no leakage, it sends back a "seal complete" signal.

[0041] S4: The operator sets the test parameters through the operation interface of the computer terminal 3, including the test flow rate (adjustable from 0-10L / min), aerosol concentration (adjustable from 10-1000μg / m³), test temperature and humidity (adjustable from 15-35℃ and 30%-70%), and test termination conditions, which can be selected from one or more of the following: "adsorption efficiency is lower than the preset threshold, such as 80%", "ventilation resistance is higher than the preset threshold, such as 500Pa", and "test time reaches the set value". After the parameters are set, click "start test" and the command is transmitted to the controller 31.

[0042] S5: Controller 31 controls the aerosol generator 7 to start, generating aerosol of a set concentration. Simultaneously, it activates the temperature and humidity control module to adjust the aerosol temperature and humidity to the set range. It controls the aerosol control valve 57 and connecting valve 741 to open, and the branch valve 751 to close. It starts the pump 72, driving the aerosol through the inlet pipe 71, pump 72, outlet pipe 73, and aerosol input pipe 56 at a set flow rate into the test chamber. After passing through the meltblown fabric sample, it enters the recovery pipe 66. Data acquisition: The first particulate matter concentration sensor 551 collects upstream particulate matter concentration and pressure data in real time, and the second particulate matter concentration sensor 651 collects downstream particulate matter concentration and pressure data in real time. The data is transmitted to controller 31 via the first sensor controller 55 and the second sensor controller 65, and then synchronously uploaded to the computer terminal 3. The sampling frequency is 1Hz. Gas circulation: Downstream gas enters the drying unit 67 through the recovery pipe 66. The desiccant in the drying holes 674 of the drying plate 673 adsorbs the moisture in the gas, achieving drying and filtration. The dried gas flows back to the aerosol generator 7 through the connecting pipe 74, mixes with the newly generated aerosol, and continues to participate in the circulation, forming a closed-loop gas path. If the gas path pressure is too high, the controller 31 automatically opens the branch valve 751 to release some gas, and closes it after the pressure is restored.

[0043] S6: The detection and control software of computer terminal 3 processes the real-time acquired data. Real-time adsorption efficiency calculation: Based on the upstream particulate matter concentration (C1) and the downstream particulate matter concentration (C2), the real-time adsorption efficiency is calculated according to the formula η=(1-C2 / C1)×100%. Cumulative adsorption capacity calculation: Based on the flow rate (Q), test time (t), and concentration difference (C1-C2), the cumulative adsorption capacity is calculated according to the formula M=Q×∫(C1-C2)dt; Ventilation resistance calculation: Based on the upstream and downstream pressure difference (ΔP) and flow velocity (Q), combined with the flow parameters of the test chamber, the real-time ventilation resistance is calculated; the software simultaneously generates real-time adsorption efficiency-time curves, cumulative adsorption amount-time curves, and ventilation resistance-time curves, which are displayed in real time on the operation interface.

[0044] S7: Computer terminal 3 determines in real time whether the dynamic adsorption performance parameters meet the preset termination conditions: 1. If the adsorption efficiency is lower than the set threshold, or the air resistance is higher than the set threshold, or the test time reaches the set value, the software immediately issues a "terminate test" command and transmits it to controller 31; 2. If abnormal situations such as gas leakage or sensor failure occur during the test, the equipment automatically stops the test and issues an alarm signal, and saves the collected data; 3. When the test is terminated normally, controller 31 controls aerosol generator 7 and pump 72 to stop running, and closes aerosol control valve 57 and connecting valve 741.

[0045] S8: Controller 31 controls the retraction of the upper electric push rod 54 and the lower electric push rod 64, causing the upper sealing tube 53 and the lower sealing tube 63 to disengage from the sealing groove 46; it controls the stepper motor 45 to rotate the support plate 41 180°, moving the tested sample directly below the observation hole 13, aligning it with the detection end of the microscope 22. Microscopic observation: The operator controls the adjustable gimbal 21 via computer terminal 3 to adjust the X, Y, and Z axes, adjusting the observation position and magnification of the microscope 22, and performing microscopic observation of the particle distribution and fiber morphology on the sample surface; the images acquired by the microscope 22 are transmitted to the computer terminal 3 in real time for storage, labeling, and analysis, realizing the correlation between adsorption performance and microscopic morphology.

[0046] S9: Based on all collected data and microscopic observation images, computer terminal 3 automatically generates a standardized test report. The report includes sample information, test parameters, dynamic curves, key performance indicators such as maximum adsorption efficiency, final cumulative adsorption amount, stable ventilation resistance, microscopic observation images, and test conclusions. It supports exporting and printing in PDF and Excel formats. The operator opens the pick-up and drop-off port 12, takes out the tested sample and meltblown cloth fixing frame 48, and cleans the adapter groove 47 and sealing groove 46. The pick-up and drop-off port 12 is closed, and the controller 31 controls the reset of each actuator, the electric push rod to retract, and the support plate to rotate to the initial position. Equipment maintenance: Replace the drying plate 673 regularly. Example 2

[0047] Example 2 is the same as Example 1 in the rest, except that: temperature and humidity sensors are provided on both the aerosol input pipe 56 and the recovery pipe 66, and a temperature and humidity control unit is provided on the outside of the detection box 1. The temperature and humidity control unit includes a heating module, a cooling module and a humidification module, which are respectively connected to the aerosol generator 7; the temperature and humidity sensors and the temperature and humidity control unit are electrically connected to the controller 31 to form a closed-loop temperature and humidity control system. The controller 31 adjusts the heating, cooling and humidification power in real time according to the feedback data from the temperature and humidity sensors to stably control the temperature and humidity of the aerosol within a preset range.

[0048] Operating mode: After the gas path is started, the temperature and humidity sensors on the aerosol input pipe 56 and the recovery pipe 66 collect data at a frequency of 1Hz and transmit it to the controller 31 for comparison with the preset value. If the detected temperature is lower than the set value, the controller 31 activates the PTC heating module, and the heating power is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature difference. If the humidity is lower than the set value, the ultrasonic humidification module is activated to supplement the humidity by adjusting the atomization amount. The regulated aerosol re-enters the circulation, ensuring stable temperature and humidity throughout the process and avoiding interference from temperature and humidity fluctuations on the adsorption performance. All structural shapes, dimensions, and materials included in this application, including those of Embodiment 1, can be selected and adjusted to meet specific usage conditions. The attached drawings are schematic structural diagrams, and the actual dimensions can be appropriately adjusted.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this practice, but the scope of protection of this embodiment is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this embodiment, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of this embodiment, should be covered within the scope of protection of this embodiment.

Claims

1. A device for testing the adsorption properties of meltblown fabric, characterized in that, It includes a detection box (1), a positional microscopic observation module (2), a support adjustment mechanism (4), an upper sealing and communication mechanism (5), a lower sealing and communication mechanism (6), an aerosol generator (7), a computer terminal (3), and a controller (31); The detection box (1) has a cover (11) mounted on the front side, and an observation hole (13) with transparent glass is opened in the top recess, forming a sealed detection cavity inside; the positional microscopic observation module (2) is installed in the top recess of the detection box (1) and is coaxially engaged with the observation hole (13); the support adjustment mechanism (4) is vertically rotated and installed inside the detection box (1) to support and fix the meltblown cloth sample; The upper sealing and connecting mechanism (5) and the lower sealing and connecting mechanism (6) are respectively installed on the upper and lower sides inside the test box (1) and form a test chamber in a sealed cooperation with the support and adjustment mechanism (4); the aerosol generator (7) is connected to the upper sealing and connecting mechanism (5) and the lower sealing and connecting mechanism (6) through the gas pipeline to form a closed-loop gas path; The computer terminal (3) is electrically connected to the controller (31), which is electrically connected to the position microscopy observation module (2), the support adjustment mechanism (4), the upper sealing and communication mechanism (5), the lower sealing and communication mechanism (6), and the aerosol generator (7) respectively, and is used to receive instructions and control the coordinated action of each component.

2. The testing equipment for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microscopic observation module (2) includes an adjustable gimbal (21) and a microscope (22); the adjustable gimbal (21) is fixedly installed on the top of the detection box (1) and has X, Y and Z three-axis adjustment functions; the microscope (22) is fixed on the adjustable gimbal (21), with the detection end vertically downward aligned with the observation hole (13), and the microscope (22) is connected to the computer terminal (3) for image acquisition and storage.

3. The testing equipment for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support adjustment mechanism (4) includes a support plate (41), a support shaft (42), a first gear (43), a second gear (44), and a stepper motor (45); the support shaft (42) is vertically rotated and installed on the inner wall of the bottom of the test box (1) via a deep groove ball bearing; the support plate (41) is horizontally fixed to the outside of the support shaft (42), and two test through holes (411) are symmetrically opened, with the observation hole (13) coaxially aligned with one of the test through holes (411); the first gear (43) is fixedly sleeved on the lower part of the support shaft (42); the stepper motor (45) is fixed to the inner wall of the bottom of the test box (1), and the output shaft is fixedly installed with the second gear (44), which meshes with the first gear (43) for transmission.

4. The testing device for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inner wall of the detection through hole (411) is provided with an adapter groove (47), and the bottom inner wall of the adapter groove (47) is provided with multiple magnetic positioning grooves (471); a meltblown cloth fixing frame (48) is movably installed in the adapter groove (47), and a magnetic positioning rod (481) that magnetically engages with the magnetic positioning groove (471) is fixed at the bottom of the meltblown cloth fixing frame (48), and an embedded groove (482) is provided at the top, and an embedded ring (49) for pressing the meltblown cloth is adapted in the embedded groove (482); the upper and lower surfaces of the support plate (41) are provided with sealing grooves (46) on the outside of the detection through hole (411), and an elastic sealing ring is provided in the sealing groove (46).

5. The testing equipment for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper sealing and connecting mechanism (5) includes an upper plate (51), an upper cone (52), an upper sealing tube (53), and two upper electric push rods (54); the upper plate (51) is fixed to the upper part of the inner side wall of the detection box (1); the upper cone (52) is vertically fixed to the bottom of the upper plate (51), and the top is connected to an aerosol input tube (56); the upper sealing tube (53) is slidably sleeved on the outside of the upper cone (52), and the bottom is sealed and adapted to the sealing groove (46); the two upper electric push rods (54) are symmetrically fixed to the bottom of the upper plate (51), the output shaft is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the upper sealing tube (53), and the upper electric push rods (54) are electrically connected to the controller (31).

6. The testing device for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric according to claim 5, characterized in that, The aerosol input pipe (56) is equipped with a first particulate matter concentration sensor (551), which is electrically connected to a first sensor controller (55) and is communicatively connected to a computer terminal (3); an aerosol control valve (57) is connected in series on the aerosol input pipe (56), which is electrically connected to a controller (31).

7. The testing device for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower sealing and connecting mechanism (6) includes a lower plate (61), a lower cone (62), a lower sealing tube (63), and two lower electric push rods (64); the lower plate (61) is fixed to the lower part of the inner wall of the detection box (1); the lower cone (62) is vertically fixed to the top of the lower plate (61), and the bottom is connected to a recovery tube (66); the lower sealing tube (63) is slidably sleeved on the outside of the lower cone (62), and the top is sealed and adapted to the sealing groove (46); the two lower electric push rods (64) are symmetrically fixed to the top of the lower plate (61), the output shaft is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lower sealing tube (63), and the lower electric push rods (64) are electrically connected to the controller (31).

8. The testing device for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric according to claim 7, characterized in that, The recovery tube (66) is equipped with a second particulate matter concentration sensor (651), which is electrically connected to a second sensor controller (65) and is communicatively connected to a computer terminal (3). The end of the recovery tube (66) away from the lower cone (62) is connected to a drying unit (67), which is connected to an aerosol generator (7) through a connecting tube (74).

9. The testing device for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drying unit (67) includes a drying chamber (671), a drying plate (673), and a sealing plate (675); the drying chamber (671) is connected to the recovery pipe (66) and the connecting pipe (74) respectively, and has an installation hole (672) on its outer side; the drying plate (673) is movably installed in the installation hole (672) and has multiple drying holes (674), which are filled with desiccant; the sealing plate (675) is fixed to the outside of the drying chamber (671) by four mounting screws (676), sealing the installation hole (672). The aerosol generator (7) is equipped with a pump (72) on top. The pump (72) is connected to the aerosol generator (7) through an inlet pipe (71) and to the aerosol input pipe (56) through an outlet pipe (73). A connecting valve (741) is connected in series on the connecting pipe (74). A branch pipe (75) is connected to the connecting pipe (74). A branch valve (751) is connected in series on the branch pipe (75). The pump (72), the connecting valve (741), and the branch valve (751) are all electrically connected to the controller (31).

10. A method of using a testing device for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric, wherein the testing device for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric is the testing device for the adsorption performance of meltblown fabric as described in any one of claims 1-9; characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The meltblown fabric sample is fixed on the meltblown fabric fixing frame (48) by the cooperation of the inner ring (49) and the inner groove (482). Then the meltblown fabric fixing frame (48) is placed in the adapter groove (47). The magnetic positioning rod (481) is inserted into the magnetic positioning groove (471) for positioning. The two upper electric push rods (54) push the upper sealing tube (53) downward and enter the sealing groove (46) for sealing, forming a test chamber. S2: Start the device via computer terminal (3) and controller (31), set test parameters, the test parameters include at least test flow rate, aerosol concentration, temperature and humidity and at least one test termination condition; the cumulative adsorption amount reaches the preset threshold; Real-time adsorption efficiency drops to the preset efficiency threshold; ventilation resistance rises to the preset resistance threshold; test duration reaches the preset duration threshold. S3: The aerosol generator (7) generates aerosol, which, after temperature and humidity adjustment, is driven by the pump (72) to flow through the meltblown fabric sample at a constant flow rate; S4: During the test, upstream particulate matter concentration data and pressure data are collected in real time through the first particulate matter concentration sensor (551) and the first sensor controller (55), and downstream particulate matter concentration data and pressure data are collected through the second particulate matter concentration sensor (651) and the second sensor controller (65). The gas enters the drying unit (67) through the recovery pipe (66), and after being dried and filtered by the drying plate (673) and drying hole (674), it is recycled through the connecting pipe (74). Through the closed-loop gas path and constant flow control, the use scenario of meltblown cloth being continuously exposed to pollutants in a limited space for a long time is simulated, and the test conditions are closer to reality. S5: Based on the collected data, calculate dynamic adsorption performance parameters in real time, including real-time adsorption efficiency, cumulative adsorption capacity, and ventilation resistance; S6: Determine in real time whether the dynamic adsorption performance parameters meet the preset test termination conditions; The test will automatically stop when any of the test termination conditions are met. S7: Based on all collected data, generate a dynamic adsorption performance parameter report, including real-time adsorption efficiency-time curve, cumulative adsorption amount-time curve, and ventilation resistance-time curve; S8: Stop the airflow, drive the two upper electric push rods (54) to move the upper sealing tube (53) upward away from the sealing groove (46), and drive the two lower electric push rods (64) to move the lower sealing tube (63) downward away from the sealing groove (46). The stepper motor (45) drives the support shaft (42) to rotate 180 degrees through the second gear (44) and the first gear (43), so that the meltblown cloth after the test is moved to the bottom of the observation hole (13) and transferred to the bottom of the microscope (22). The adjustable gimbal (21) can be adjusted in the X, Y and Z directions to perform microscopic observation and image recording of the particle distribution and fiber morphology on the sample surface.

Images