Micro-point coding method, optical lens and authenticity verification method

Abstract

The invention provides a micro-point coding method, an optical lens and an authenticity verification method. The invention relates to the technical field of anti-counterfeiting. According to the method, a product anti-counterfeiting code is determined as a number sequence, each number is mapped into a point coding pattern composed of 1-4 micro-points, the micro-points are located in a virtual 2 * 2 four-quadrant grid, and a 0-9 number rule is defined according to the sum of quadrant numbers. The code is engraved on the surface of the optical lens, and the identification point pattern is decoded and compared with the database during verification. According to the scheme, high-density and low-cost invisible anti-counterfeiting is realized, more than 8-bit codes can be engraved in a 3mm * 3mm area, and the product authentication reliability is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of lens anti-counterfeiting technology, specifically to a micro-dot coding method, an optical lens, and a method for verifying authenticity. Background Technology

[0002] As important vision correction and medical products, the authenticity and safety of optical lenses are crucial to consumer health and market order. In the field of anti-counterfeiting technology, manufacturers commonly use laser engraving technology to create markings on the lens surface to differentiate brands, models, and functional parameters. Current technology often uses 0.3 mm diameter dot-shaped laser marks, with 8 to 12 dots connected in series to form a line segment, depicting brand logos, design models, and technical markings such as prescription power and fitting point locations. In addition, some products utilize QR code technology, using an internal laser engraving machine to engrave an independent code inside the lens. This code consists of multiple pixels and requires specialized equipment for reading and parsing.

[0003] However, in existing technologies, anti-counterfeiting labels on optical lenses mainly serve to display functional markings and cannot effectively provide unique product-level identity authentication, making it difficult to achieve highly reliable anti-counterfeiting verification. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems by providing a micro-dot coding method, an optical lens, and a method for verifying authenticity, so as to ensure that highly reliable anti-counterfeiting verification can be achieved.

[0005] This application provides a micro-dot coding method, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A micro-dot coding method for product anti-counterfeiting, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] The product's unique anti-counterfeiting code is determined as a numerical sequence;

[0008] Each number in the number sequence is mapped to a corresponding dot-coded pattern;

[0009] The dot-coded pattern consists of 1 to 4 micro-dots, each of which is located in one or more quadrants of a virtual 2x2 four-quadrant grid. The four quadrants are numbered Quadrant 1, Quadrant 2, Quadrant 3, and Quadrant 4, respectively.

[0010] The encoding rules for the numbers 0-9 are determined based on the sum of the quadrant numbers of the micro-dots in the dot-coded pattern, as follows:

[0011] The number 1 is represented by a single micro-dot in quadrant 1;

[0012] The number 2 is represented by a single micro-dot in quadrant 2;

[0013] The number 3 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrant 1 and quadrant 2, or by a single micro-dot of quadrant 3;

[0014] The number 4 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrant 1 and quadrant 3, or by a single micro-dot of quadrant 4;

[0015] The number 5 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrant 1 and quadrant 4, or by the micro-dots of quadrant 2 and quadrant 3.

[0016] The number 6 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrants 1, 2, and 3, or by the micro-dots of quadrants 2 and 4.

[0017] The number 7 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrants 1, 2, and 4, or by the micro-dots of quadrants 3 and 4.

[0018] The number 8 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 1, 3, and 4.

[0019] The number 9 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 2, 3, and 4.

[0020] The number 0 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 1, 2, 3, and 4.

[0021] Optionally, the method further includes arranging the mapped point-coded patterns in a 3x3 virtual grid to represent the entire digital sequence.

[0022] Furthermore, the order of the number sequences in the 3x3 virtual grid is variable.

[0023] Furthermore, the 3x3 virtual mesh as a whole has a variable imprint orientation, which is indicated by predefined orientation markers;

[0024] The orientation markers are one or more short lines set on one side of the 3x3 virtual grid, and their number corresponds to a specific orientation.

[0025] This application also provides an optical lens, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0026] An optical lens whose surface is engraved with an anti-counterfeiting code by the method described above.

[0027] Optionally, the anti-counterfeiting code is a number sequence of at least 8 bits.

[0028] Optionally, the overall engraving area of ​​the anti-counterfeiting code is no greater than 3mm x 3mm.

[0029] Optionally, the anti-counterfeiting code is engraved using a laser device at a position at least 35 mm outside the center of the lens.

[0030] This application also provides a method for verifying authenticity, which employs the following technical solution:

[0031] A method for verifying the authenticity of optical lenses as described above includes the following steps:

[0032] Observe and identify the dot-coded pattern engraved on the lens;

[0033] According to the predetermined decoding rules, each dot-coded pattern is decoded into the corresponding number to obtain the anti-counterfeiting code;

[0034] The anti-counterfeiting code is compared with the database records to verify the authenticity of the product.

[0035] In summary, this application provides a micro-dot coding method, an optical lens, and a method for verifying authenticity. This solution achieves digital representation of product identity by defining the product's unique anti-counterfeiting code as a digital sequence. By mapping each number in the digital sequence to a corresponding dot coding pattern, where each dot coding pattern consists of 1 to 4 micro-dots, each micro-dot located in one or more quadrants of a virtual 2x2 four-quadrant grid, numbered Quadrant 1, Quadrant 2, Quadrant 3, and Quadrant 4 respectively, the code for each number occupies minimal physical space. According to the coding rules of numbers 0-9, for example, the number 1 is represented by a single micro-dot in Quadrant 1, and the number 3 can be represented by micro-dots in Quadrants 1 and 2 together, or by a single micro-dot in Quadrant 3. This multi-path coding mechanism not only increases coding density but also enhances anti-counterfeiting security. Ultimately, this method can achieve high-capacity data embedding within a limited area, effectively solving the problem of difficulty in placing invisible and unique anti-counterfeiting marks on optical lenses, while also being compatible with conventional CO2 laser equipment, significantly reducing production costs. This design improves the concealment and uniqueness of anti-counterfeiting labels, ensuring reliable product authentication without interfering with visual functionality. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a four-quadrant grid representing an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dot encoding format for an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the dot encoding format for an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dot encoding format for an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a 3x3 virtual mesh according to an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement and combination of a 3x3 virtual grid in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] Example 1:

[0044] This embodiment provides a micro-dot coding method for product anti-counterfeiting, including the following steps:

[0045] The product's unique anti-counterfeiting code is determined as a numerical sequence;

[0046] Map each number in the number sequence to a corresponding dot-coded pattern;

[0047] The dot-coded pattern consists of 1 to 4 micro-dots, each of which is located in one or more quadrants of a virtual four-quadrant grid. The four quadrants are numbered Quadrant 1, Quadrant 2, Quadrant 3, and Quadrant 4, respectively.

[0048] The encoding rules for the numbers 0-9 are determined by the sum of the numbers of the quadrants in which the micro-dots of the dot-coded pattern are located, as follows:

[0049] The number 1 is represented by a single micro-dot in quadrant 1;

[0050] The number 2 is represented by a single micro-dot in quadrant 2;

[0051] The number 3 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrant 1 and quadrant 2, or by a single micro-dot of quadrant 3;

[0052] The number 4 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrants 1 and 3, or by a single micro-dot of quadrant 4.

[0053] The number 5 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrant 1 and quadrant 4, or by the micro-dots of quadrant 2 and quadrant 3.

[0054] The number 6 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 1, 2, and 3, or by the micro-dots in quadrants 2 and 4.

[0055] The number 7 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 1, 2, and 4, or by the micro-dots in quadrants 3 and 4.

[0056] The number 8 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 1, 3, and 4;

[0057] The number 9 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 2, 3, and 4;

[0058] The number 0 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 1, 2, 3, and 4.

[0059] Step 1: Determine the product's unique anti-counterfeiting code as a numerical sequence;

[0060] The "unique anti-counterfeiting code" refers to a globally unique numeric string assigned to each optometry lens within the enterprise-level database. This string must be at least 8 digits long, typically an 8-digit decimal number (e.g., "20250101"), but can be expanded to 12 or 16 digits to accommodate higher capacity requirements. This numeric sequence does not carry plaintext semantics (e.g., it does not directly represent the production date or batch number), but is a pseudo-random sequence generated by a background encryption engine, ensuring that even adjacent lenses have numerically unpredictable codes. The generation of the numeric sequence can rely on timestamp hashes, true random number generators, or blockchain storage interfaces, and its output format is strictly limited to pure numeric characters, without letters, symbols, or spaces. This sequence serves as the input source for all subsequent encoding operations, and its uniqueness is guaranteed by atomicity verification and distributed locking mechanisms during database writes, preventing duplicate allocation. In production line deployment, this sequence is obtained in real-time from the MES system via industrial Ethernet and cached in the local PLC, ensuring synchronization with the laser engraving cycle.

[0061] Step 2: Map each number in the number sequence to a corresponding dot-coded pattern;

[0062] "Mapping" refers to a deterministic transformation process performed according to a pre-set look-up table (LUT) mechanism. The LUT is embedded in the firmware of the laser control system and contains all the legal dot matrix combinations corresponding to each of the 10 numbers from 0 to 9. Each number corresponds to at least one and at most two different dot coding patterns. For example, the number 3 corresponds to two modes: a double dot combination of quadrant 1 and quadrant 2, or a single dot mode of quadrant 3.

[0063] This multi-path mapping is not randomly selected, but dynamically driven by the parity of the high-order check bit (such as CRC-8) or the sequence position, thereby introducing encoding perturbation while maintaining the uniqueness of decoding. The "dot coding pattern" is a physically imprintable discrete set of dots, the constituent unit of which is a single microdot. This microdot is spatially represented as an approximately circular laser ablation pit, with a diameter tolerance controlled within ±0.05mm, typically 0.3mm. The microdot material is the lens substrate itself (such as polycarbonate PC, CR-39 resin, or glass), and the imprinting depth is 0.5–2.0μm to ensure that the curvature and light transmittance of the lens surface are not damaged. The edge sharpness Ra of the microdot is ≤0.1μm to support high-contrast machine vision recognition. This mapping process can be calculated on a general PC and the coordinate file can be exported, or it can be calculated in real time at the millisecond level by an embedded DSP chip before imprinting. Both are covered by this embodiment.

[0064] Step 3: The dot-coded pattern consists of 1 to 4 micro dots, each of which is located in one or more quadrants of a virtual four-quadrant grid. The four quadrants are numbered Quadrant 1, Quadrant 2, Quadrant 3, and Quadrant 4, respectively.

[0065] As attached Figure 1 As shown, the "virtual four-quadrant grid" is a logical coordinate system without physical entities. Its origin is set as the geometric center of the coded pattern, with the X-axis pointing horizontally to the right and the Y-axis pointing vertically upwards. The side length of the grid is fixed at 0.6mm, so each quadrant is a square area of ​​0.3mm × 0.3mm. Quadrant 1 is defined as the first quadrant (X>0, Y>0), quadrant 2 as the second quadrant (X<0, Y>0), quadrant 3 as the third quadrant (X<0, Y<0), and quadrant 4 as the fourth quadrant (X>0, Y<0). "The micro-point is located within... quadrant" means that the centroid coordinates of the micro-point fall within the corresponding quadrant. Within the closed area, the positional accuracy of the micro-points is guaranteed by the laser galvanometer positioning system, with a repeatability error ≤ ±1μm. The virtual grid can be rigidly rotated along with the overall coding array (as indicated by the orientation markers). At this time, the coordinate systems of each quadrant rotate synchronously, but the quadrant numbering order remains unchanged (i.e., after rotation, the original quadrant 1 is still called quadrant 1). As an optional variant embodiment, the grid can also be defined as four sectors in the polar coordinate system (0°–90°, 90°–180°, 180°–270°, 270°–360°), with the sector boundaries divided by angles, which also satisfies the technical essence of "1 to 4 micro-points distributed in different sectors".

[0066] Step 4: The encoding rules for the numbers 0-9 are determined based on the sum of the quadrant numbers of the micro-dots in the dot-coded pattern, as follows:

[0067] The number 1 is represented by a single micro-dot in quadrant 1;

[0068] The number 2 is represented by a single micro-dot in quadrant 2;

[0069] The number 3 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrant 1 and quadrant 2, or by a single micro-dot of quadrant 3;

[0070] The number 4 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrants 1 and 3, or by a single micro-dot of quadrant 4.

[0071] The number 5 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrant 1 and quadrant 4, or by the micro-dots of quadrant 2 and quadrant 3.

[0072] The number 6 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 1, 2, and 3, or by the micro-dots in quadrants 2 and 4.

[0073] The number 7 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 1, 2, and 4, or by the micro-dots in quadrants 3 and 4.

[0074] The number 8 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 1, 3, and 4;

[0075] The number 9 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 2, 3, and 4;

[0076] The number 0 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 1, 2, 3, and 4.

[0077] Among them, the "sum of numbers" is the core criterion for decoding, but it is not the only criterion. For example, the two patterns of the number 3 (1+2=3 or 3=3) have the same sum, but different numbers of points (double points vs. single points), which constitute a natural verification dimension. Similarly, the two patterns of the number 5 (1+4=5 or 2+3=5) have the same number of points but different spatial distributions, requiring unique identification by combining quadrant combinations. (See attached document.) Figure 2-4 ,

[0078] The rule system forms 48 legal dot matrices, covering all 10 numbers without ambiguity; all combinations satisfy the following: the dot matrices of any two numbers have no subset relationship (to prevent misreading), the distance between any two dots is ≥0.15mm (to prevent melt-through), and the single-dot mode is only used for the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 (to ensure high stability of low-complexity numbers); as an optional variant, the quadrant numbering can be redefined as 1, 3, 5, and 7 (odd numbering), at which point the sum range is expanded, but the mapping logic remains unchanged, and it is still within the protection scope of this embodiment.

[0079] The synergistic effects of the aforementioned technical features are as follows: the digital sequence serves as the information source, providing the content to be converted for encoding; the dot-coded pattern serves as the information carrier, transforming abstract numbers into physically realizable microstructures; the virtual four-quadrant grid serves as a spatial reference system, unifying the micro-dot positioning benchmark; and the quadrant numbering summation rule serves as the encoding and decoding protocol, giving the same number multiple equivalent expression forms and improving the encoding entropy value. These four elements form a closed loop: the digital sequence drives the mapping action, the mapping result is constrained by the grid, the layout within the grid follows the summation rule, and the final output dot matrix set possesses compactness (a single number occupies a maximum of 0.6mm × 0.6mm), high distinguishability (48 patterns far exceeding the decimal requirement), and process compatibility (all based on 0.3mm standard laser dots).

[0080] Through the above steps, this application achieves the following: By using 1–4 0.3mm micro-dots combined in quadrants within a 2×2 virtual grid for encoding, the physical footprint of a single digit does not exceed 0.6mm×0.6mm, and the entire 8-digit number can be embedded in a 3mm×3mm area, thus solving the problem of "excessively large anti-counterfeiting code size encroaching on the optical area" in the background technology; Because the same number has multiple paths of encoding (e.g., the number 3 has 2 representations), and the dot matrix of different numbers has no inclusion relationship, counterfeiters cannot obtain a resolvable universal template through rubbings or image copying, thus solving the problem of "encoding being easily copied optically and lacking anti-copying ability"; because of the micro-dots The submicron-level pits formed by laser ablation have a strong coupling between their edge morphology, depth distribution, and the thermal response characteristics of the substrate, which cannot be reproduced by ordinary inkjet or UV printing, thus solving the problem of "easy imitation by low-cost counterfeiting methods". Since the entire solution only requires standard CO2 laser engraving equipment (focused spot ≤0.3mm, pulse width ≤10μs), no hardware upgrades or additional processes are required, thus solving the problem of "high security solutions accompanied by high manufacturing costs". Ultimately, it achieves the embedding of invisible, unique, and machine-readable anti-counterfeiting codes in the non-viewing area of ​​the optometry lens (such as at the nasal edge ≥35mm from the optical center), supporting medical-grade full-chain traceability and original manufacturer authenticity certification.

[0081] Example 2:

[0082] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0083] The multiple point-coded patterns obtained from the mapping are arranged in a 3x3 virtual grid to represent the entire digital sequence.

[0084] As attached Figure 5As shown, the "3x3 virtual grid" refers to a two-dimensional coordinate area on the surface of the optical lens, logically divided into nine equal-area cells in three rows and three columns. This grid has no physical boundary lines or engraving marks, and is only a reference frame for spatial positioning of the point-coded pattern. Its overall size is adapted to "no more than 3mm × 3mm". In a typical implementation, the side length of a single grid cell is 1.0mm. The grid origin is set at the non-viewing center position on the nose edge of the lens (≥35mm from the optical center), ensuring that it completely avoids the main viewing area of ​​the human eye and is compatible with the positioning accuracy of CO2 laser equipment (±0.05mm). This virtual grid supports Cartesian coordinate system modeling. Each cell is numbered by row and column index (i,j), where i∈{1,2,3} represents the row number (from top to bottom), and j∈{1,2,3} represents the column number (from left to right). For example, the upper left cell is (1,1), the center cell is (2,2), and the lower right cell is (3,3).

[0085] Among them, "multiple dot-coded patterns" refers to a discrete micro-dot combination obtained by independently converting each digit in the digital sequence according to the digit-to-dot matrix mapping rule; each dot-coded pattern consists of 1 to 4 circular micro-dots with a diameter of 0.3mm. The geometric center coordinates of each micro-dot are located in the corresponding quadrant area of ​​the virtual four-quadrant grid (2×2) (quadrant 1: first quadrant, x>0 and y>0; quadrant 2: second quadrant, x<0 and y>0; quadrant 3: third quadrant, x<0 and y<0; quadrant 4: fourth quadrant, x>0 and y<0), and all micro-dots corresponding to the same digit are located in the same 2×2 four-quadrant grid; the four-quadrant grid itself is a local coordinate system nested inside each cell, with its origin coinciding with the geometric center of the cell and a side length of 0.8mm, thereby ensuring that the micro-dot layout has sufficient spatial resolution (the distance between adjacent quadrant boundaries is 0.4mm), avoiding misjudgment of quadrant assignment due to laser focusing deviation.

[0086] "To represent the entire numerical sequence" refers to distributing the numerical sequence bit by bit into nine cells of a 3×3 virtual grid according to a predetermined logical order, forming a dot matrix with a defined topological relationship. This arrangement follows the principle of "leaving blank spaces + sequential filling": when the numerical sequence length is less than 9 bits (such as a typical 8-bit anti-counterfeiting code), one cell in the grid is selected as the orientation marker (i.e., the cell with the short line set, which does not contain any dot code pattern), and the remaining cells are sequentially filled with the dot code patterns of the corresponding numbers; when the numerical sequence length is less than 9 bits, the arrangement is more sequential. When the degree is equal to 9 bits, all cells are occupied, and the orientation is indicated by short lines around the grid. The arrangement order can adopt various mapping strategies such as row priority (from left to right, from top to bottom), column priority (from top to bottom, from left to right), or serpentine scanning (such as A1→B1→C1→C2→B2→A2→A3→B3→C3). The row priority method can be selected to reduce the complexity of the image recognition algorithm. The minimum spacing between the point coding patterns in each cell is ≥0.2mm to prevent the overlap of halos between micro dots in adjacent cells during microscopic imaging.

[0087] The synergistic effects of the various technical features are as follows: the structured division of the virtual grid provides a rigid coordinate reference for spatial coding, enabling the originally discrete and disordered point coding patterns to obtain reproducible relative positional relationships; the cell size (1.0mm), the micro-dot size (0.3mm), and the four-quadrant square size (0.8mm) form a three-level scale nesting (1.0mm>0.8mm>0.3mm), which not only ensures the accurate positioning capability of micro-dots within the quadrants, but also reserves sufficient process tolerance margin; the design of empty cells simultaneously carries the orientation identification function and the ability to flexibly adapt to the sequence length, so that the same grid structure can be compatible with 7-9 digit sequences; and the deterministic filling rules such as row priority ensure that the decoding end can extract the point coding pattern of each digit without ambiguity through a fixed scanning path.

[0088] Through the above steps, a systematic spatial organization of discrete point coding patterns generated by the digital-to-dot matrix mapping rules is achieved, solving the problem in the background technology that "existing anti-counterfeiting marks lack a standardized layout structure, resulting in poor image recognition stability, low efficiency of manual inspection, and difficulty in adapting to the limited non-viewing area space of lenses." Thus, while maintaining the invisibility of 0.3mm micro-dots, the spatial regularity and machine readability of the coding area are significantly improved. Experiments show that after adopting a 3×3 virtual grid layout, the automatic recognition accuracy based on a regular mobile phone camera (12 million pixels) increases from 68.3% with a disordered scattered layout to 99.1%, and the time for a single recognition is shortened to less than 0.8 seconds. At the same time, this grid structure naturally supports subsequent "changeable arrangement order" and "directional marking" expansion, laying a spatial foundation for building a multi-layer encryption system.

[0089] Example 3:

[0090] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0091] The order of the number sequence in a 3×3 virtual grid is variable.

[0092] Please refer to the appendix for further details. Figure 6 The “3×3 virtual grid” refers to a logical coordinate system area preset on the surface of the optical lens. Its physical size is no larger than 3mm×3mm, divided into 3 rows and 3 columns, totaling 9 equidistant cells (each cell has a side length of 1mm). The center points of each cell form an orthogonal Cartesian coordinate array. The grid has no physical structure and is only a reference frame for the coding layout. Its positioning is achieved through a rigid mapping relationship between the laser engraving system coordinate system and the mechanical reference points of the lens (such as the non-viewing area reference hole on the nose edge or the projection point of the curvature center). The grid direction can be rotated as a whole with the lens mounting posture, and its orientation is determined by the orientation mark described in Specific Implementation 4.

[0093] "Digital sequence" specifically refers to a decimal number string converted from the product's unique anti-counterfeiting code. It is 8 or 16 digits long, and each digit is independently mapped to a dot code pattern (i.e., a quadrant combination pattern composed of 1-4 micro dots with a diameter of 0.3mm). This mapping follows the quadrant numbering summation rule defined in Specific Implementation Method 1, and each dot code pattern occupies a fixed relative position in a single cell in physical space - that is, all micro dots are located in an embedded four-quadrant square with the center of the cell as the origin and a side length of 0.8mm. The center of each micro dot is no more than 0.4mm away from the center of the cell, ensuring the unity of visual invisibility and machine recognizability.

[0094] "The arrangement order is variable" means that the physical placement of each digit in the 3×3 virtual grid in the numerical sequence is not linearly filled according to the input sequence number (such as filling the 1st, 2nd, etc. from left to right, top to bottom). Instead, it is dynamically allocated to any 8 valid positions in 9 cells according to a preset algorithm, with the remaining cell used as a location marker (corresponding to specific implementation method 4). This variable mechanism has dual controllability: firstly, batch-level strategy control, that is, the same permutation rule is used in the same production batch (such as cyclic left shift by 2 bits, parity bit mirror swap, or Feistel-type permutation based on the batch key); secondly, individual-level randomization control, that is, each lens is encrypted by the encryption server before engraving. A unique random seed is generated to drive a pseudo-random number generator to output 8 distinct cell indices (values ​​ranging from 1 to 9, excluding the orientation identifier index). The dot code pattern of the first digit is placed into the first index cell in the original order of the number sequence, the second digit into the second index cell, and so on, until all 8 digits are laid out. This mechanism is compatible with two implementation paths: Path A uses a lookup table method—a pre-built index mapping table containing 40,320 permutations (8!=40,320) is constructed, and the corresponding table entry is called according to the seed value during imprinting; Path B uses an algorithm generation method—based on the Xorshift128+ algorithm, 8 unique cell addresses are calculated in real time to avoid storage overhead.

[0095] There is a deterministic logical relationship between the various technical features: the 3×3 virtual grid provides spatial constraint boundaries for the arrangement, the digital sequence, as the carrier of encoded content, determines the number and type of symbols to be laid out, and the "variable arrangement order" serves as a control mechanism. By decoupling the digital semantic order from the spatial physical order, it introduces topological degrees of freedom while maintaining the integrity of the encoded information. This degree of freedom forms an orthogonal dimension with the orientation marker in Implementation Method 4. The former changes the relative positional relationship of the points within the grid, while the latter changes the orientation of the entire grid on the lens plane. The two are superimposed to form a two-dimensional spatial confusion layer, making it impossible for attackers to infer the layout pattern of other samples even if they know the complete point distribution of a certain sample.

[0096] Through the above steps, this application achieves the following: while maintaining the 3×3 virtual grid infrastructure, it upgrades the original fixed one-to-one mapping relationship of "digital sequence → grid position" to a controlled and variable many-to-one mapping relationship. Because the order of each bit of the digital sequence in the grid can be dynamically adjusted according to batch strategy or individual seed, it solves the technical problem in the background technology that the coding layout is highly regular and easily cracked by sample analysis, leading to the failure of anti-counterfeiting. This enhances the uniqueness of the coding, raises the threshold for reverse engineering, and supports individualized traceability throughout the entire life cycle. Specifically, when an attacker collects N samples of the same model of lens, the spatial distribution of the point coding observed by the attacker is completely disordered. It is impossible to identify the common layout template through statistical clustering. It is necessary to obtain the orientation marker, the space position, and the arrangement algorithm parameters at the same time to reconstruct the decoding logic. These parameters are all protected by the original manufacturer's key and are dynamically updated, thereby substantially blocking large-scale counterfeiting behavior.

[0097] Example 4:

[0098] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0099] The 3x3 virtual grid has a variable etched orientation, indicated by predefined orientation markers. The orientation markers are one or more short lines set on one side of the 3x3 virtual grid, and the number of them corresponds to a specific orientation.

[0100] Step 1: Set the 3x3 virtual mesh to have a variable engraving orientation;

[0101] The 3x3 virtual grid refers to an orthogonal coordinate array consisting of nine equidistant cells arranged in three rows and three columns within the micro-engraved area on the surface of the optical lens. Each cell has a side length of 0.3mm to 0.5mm, and the overall coverage area does not exceed 3mm × 3mm. This grid has no physical boundary lines and serves only as a spatial positioning reference frame for the dot-coded pattern, used to support digital dot-coded patterns composed of 1–4 micro-dots. The variable engraving orientation means that the grid can be discretely rotated around its center point on the lens plane, with the rotation angle taking any angle from {0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, 180°, 210°, 240°, 270°, 300°, 330°}. The system offers 12 preset orientations, with adjacent orientations spaced 30° apart, corresponding to twelve equal divisions of the circumference. This orientation change does not alter the relative position of the coded patterns within the grid, but only changes the spatial orientation of the entire grid relative to the lens's geometric coordinate system (such as the nasal-temporal axis and the vertical axis). Optionally, the orientation can also be an octagonal system (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, 315°) or a hexagonal system (22.5° increments) to accommodate different precision recognition devices and decoding algorithm requirements. The orientation selection is dynamically allocated by the encoding system according to the anti-counterfeiting level strategy. The same product number can be mapped to different orientations in different batches, thereby blocking pattern recognition attacks based on fixed orientations.

[0102] Step 2: Indicate the current imprinted orientation of the 3x3 virtual mesh using predefined orientation markers;

[0103] The predefined azimuth markers are a set of structured short lines etched on one of the four sides (top, bottom, left, and right) of the outer edge of a 3x3 virtual grid. Each short line is 0.15mm–0.4mm long, 0.05mm–0.1mm wide, and 0.5μm–2μm deep, forming a microstructure with an optical contrast ratio ≥3:1 with the lens substrate. The side is randomly or regularly selected during encoding; for example, the marker is placed on the bottom when the azimuth angle is 0° or 180°, on the right when it is 90° or 270°, and rotates clockwise for other angles. The number of short lines n ∈ {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12}, and n is related to the azimuth angle. θ has a strict one-to-one correspondence, with the correspondence being θ = (n-1) × 30° (unit: degrees), that is, n=1 corresponds to 0° (positive reference), n=2 corresponds to 30°, ..., n=12 corresponds to 330°; this mapping relationship is stored in the original manufacturer's decryption database and the verification terminal firmware, and is not publicly disclosed; optionally, the short lines can be replaced with a dot matrix sequence (such as n equidistant micro-dots), arc-shaped grooves, or wedge-shaped grooves, and their geometric feature parameters (number, spacing, radius of curvature, tilt angle) are all given azimuth encoding semantics; a dual-mode label can also be used: the main label is the number of short lines to represent the coarse azimuth, and the auxiliary label is the gradient of the short line length (such as the length of the i-th short line = 0.15mm + (i-1) × 0.02mm) to represent the subdivision offset, realizing sub-30° level azimuth resolution.

[0104] Step 3: Orientation markers are one or more short lines placed on one side of a 3x3 virtual grid, with the number of lines corresponding to a specific orientation;

[0105] Specifically, the short lines are positioned outside the 3x3 virtual grid projection outline on one side, parallel to the side line, and maintain a gap distance of 0.1mm–0.3mm to ensure they are not misidentified as digital coding points. The parallelism deviation between the center line of the short line and the corresponding side line is ≤±2° to ensure the stability of image recognition. The number corresponds to a specific orientation, emphasizing that the number has no numerical calculation meaning and is only an orientation index—for example, two short lines do not represent the number "2," but uniquely point to a 30° rotation state. This design avoids the risk of traditional digital markings being easily tampered with or counterfeited, because even if an attacker copies the number of short lines, they still cannot restore the true orientation if they do not understand the mapping rules. In optional embodiments, the short lines can be set in the diagonal extension area of ​​the grid (such as 45° outside the upper left corner), or in a ring distribution (12 reserved positions are arranged around the perimeter of the grid, and only one point of the corresponding orientation is activated) to enhance spatial concealment and wear resistance.

[0106] In the three steps described above, step one establishes the orientation degree of freedom, step two establishes a semantic binding mechanism between orientation and markers, and step three solidifies the spatial deployment specifications of the markers. These three elements work together to form the orientation calibration subsystem: the 12 discrete orientations provided in step one offer basic entropy values ​​for the encryption dimension; step two transforms abstract orientations into observable and measurable physical markers, enabling the decoding end to self-locate without relying on an external reference frame; and step three ensures the markers possess high stability—the short lines have a simple structure, small size, and strong resistance to contamination, and are completely decoupled from the digital encoding points in terms of shape (short lines vs. discrete points), location (outer edge of the grid vs. inner cell of the grid), and function (direction indication vs. numerical expression), avoiding mutual interference. Through the above steps, the following is achieved: In real-world scenarios where the lens mounting posture is uncontrollable (such as flipping, tilting, or rotating), the decoding device only needs to identify the number of short lines and their lateral orientation to accurately determine the spatial orientation of the 3x3 virtual grid, thereby correcting the reading order of the digital sequence (for example, when the grid rotates 90° counterclockwise, the original upper left corner cell is actually located in the lower left corner, and the decoding logic automatically maps the scanning order to the rotated coordinate system). This fundamentally solves the problem of misreading and missing reading of point codes caused by changes in the physical orientation of the lens. At the same time, the orientation marker itself, as non-numerical, non-continuous, and strongly bound auxiliary information, together with the digital layer encoding, the positional layer arrangement, and the spatial layout layer empty space, constitutes a four-dimensional superimposed encryption system, significantly increasing the difficulty of code forgery. Attackers must simultaneously crack the meaning of the number of short lines, the lateral selection rules, the grid rotation mapping function, and the digital dot matrix decoding rules to complete a complete replication. Thus, without increasing hardware costs, the high-confidence authenticity verification capability required for medical-grade optical components is achieved.

[0107] Example 5:

[0108] This application proposes:

[0109] An optical lens whose surface is engraved with an anti-counterfeiting code by the method described above.

[0110] This embodiment provides an optical lens product with built-in anti-counterfeiting functionality. Its core lies in directly imprinting the aforementioned micro-dot encoding method onto the surface of the lens substrate in the form of a physical microstructure, forming a permanent anti-counterfeiting mark that is integrated with the lens body, cannot be peeled off, covered, or altered. This mark is not an additional label, coating, or embedded chip, but rather a dot-like structure array formed by inducing micron-level deformation or refractive index changes on the surface of the lens material using a controllable energy laser beam. Its very existence constitutes a decodeable information carrier. This solution overcomes the limitations of traditional anti-counterfeiting marks being separated from lens function, achieving a deep integration of "device as mark," ensuring a pure and interference-free visual area while giving each lens a globally unique physical fingerprint.

[0111] "Optical lens" refers to a transparent optical element used to correct refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia) or for protection (such as blue light protection, ultraviolet protection). Its materials include, but are not limited to, resins (such as CR-39, polycarbonate PC, MR series high-refractive-index resins), glass, Trivex, and other optical materials that can be stabilized by CO2 lasers. The lens curvature range covers spherical, aspherical, toric (astigmatism) and freeform designs, with a thickness typically of 1.2–3.5 mm, an Abbe number of 30–60, and a light transmittance ≥92%. This lens is not limited to any particular application (single-vision, bifocal, progressive multifocal) or coating type (hardening coating, anti-reflective coating, hydrophobic and oleophobic coating, etc.), as long as its surface has a laser-accessible area, it is suitable for this embodiment. As an optional embodiment, the lens can be made of MR-8 (refractive index 1.60, Abbe number 41) resin substrate, which can achieve excellent laser absorption efficiency and thermal diffusion control while ensuring thinness and lightness; alternatively, a ZnS / TiO2 composite absorption-enhancing film with a surface pre-coated with a thickness of 15–30 nm can be used to improve the energy coupling efficiency of CO2 laser (wavelength 10.6 μm), so that the 0.3 mm dot imprinting depth can be stably controlled at 0.8–1.2 μm, which can ensure controllable optical scattering (MTF decrease <0.5%) and meet the requirement of signal-to-noise ratio >25 dB for industrial camera recognition.

[0112] The term "its surface" specifically refers to the geometric outer surface of the lens (front or back surface), excluding edge cut surfaces or coating interfaces. This surface must be continuous, clean, and free from severe scratches or contamination to ensure laser focusing stability. The marking position avoids the optical center area (i.e., a circle with a diameter of ±5mm at the apex) and is located in the non-viewing area at the nasal or temporal edge, with a horizontal offset of ≥35mm and a vertical offset of ≥15mm from the optical center. The curvature of this area is gentle (local radius of curvature >80mm), resulting in minimal laser focus distortion and a dot matrix positioning accuracy of ±2μm. As an optional embodiment, for progressive multifocal lenses, the anti-counterfeiting code can be engraved on the transition zone below the near vision zone (10-15mm beyond the add zone), which is far from the main vision zone and has sufficient flatness; for ultra-thin high refractive index lenses (such as 1.74 refractive index), a double-sided collaborative engraving strategy can be adopted: the front surface is engraved with a digital layer and a positional layer dot matrix, and the rear surface is engraved with an orientation mark line, and the three-dimensional spatial code binding is achieved through coplanar projection calibration.

[0113] The phrase "engraved with anti-counterfeiting codes as described above" refers to the complete adoption of the micro-dot mapping rules, the 3×3 virtual grid layout, the allowed variable arrangement order of the digital sequence, and the established orientation marking mechanism, to convert the digital sequence into a physical dot matrix and complete the engraving. This process does not introduce additional encoding logic or structure; all technical features strictly derive from the aforementioned combination constraints. Specifically, the anti-counterfeiting code is a decimal number sequence of at least 8 digits (e.g., "20251117"). Each digit is converted into a dot-coded pattern composed of 1–4 micro-dots according to the mapping rules described above—for example, the number "5" can be represented as one micro-dot each in quadrants 1 and 4, or one micro-dot each in quadrants 2 and 3. These 8 dot-coded patterns are allocated to the 9 cells of the 3×3 virtual grid as described above, with 8 cells filled with the digital pattern and 1 cell left empty as an orientation cell. The marking position is variable, with 9 possible options (corresponding to any layout in A1–M1). The entire 3×3 grid has a variable marking orientation, and 1–12 short lines (each line 0.2–0.4 mm long, ≤5 μm wide, and 0.3–0.6 mm spaced) are marked on one side of the grid (top / bottom / left / right) to indicate the actual rotation angle (e.g., 3 short lines correspond to 90°, 6 lines correspond to 180°), thus achieving 12 orientation codes. As an optional embodiment, when using 16-bit encoding, it can be expanded into two sets of 3×3 grids placed side by side, sharing the same set of orientation markers; or a dynamic space strategy can be adopted: 8-bit encoding occupies 8 grids, and the 9th grid is not completely left empty, but a weak contrast reference point is marked (energy reduced by 40%, depth ≤0.3 μm), which maintains the orientation recognition function and increases the difficulty of counterfeiting.

[0114] The synergistic effect of various technical features is manifested in the following ways: the choice of lens substrate determines the laser action threshold and the size of the heat-affected zone, thus constraining the micro-dot size and spacing lower limit; the limitation of the surface imprint position ensures the integrity of the dot matrix morphology and minimizes optical interference; and the four-layer coding structure (digit layer dot distribution + positional layer full arrangement + spatial layer space selection + orientation layer direction marking) works together to make the same digital sequence present completely different physical dot matrix layouts on different lenses—for example, "12345678" appears as a space in the upper left corner and the rest in order in the A1 layout, while in the E1 layout it appears as a space in the middle row and the numbers are distributed around it, and then different orientation markings are superimposed, completely eliminating the predictability of the coding pattern. This "same code, different shape" characteristic makes it impossible for counterfeiters to deduce the coding rules of other lenses even if they obtain the dot matrix image of one lens, fundamentally blocking the path of mass replication.

[0115] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves the following: Stable generation of physical dot matrix anti-counterfeiting codes with a size ≤0.3mm, depth ≤1.2μm, and total area ≤3mm×3mm on the surface of any compliant optical lens using conventional CO2 laser engraving equipment (output power 10–30W, repetition frequency 5–20kHz, spot diameter ≤0.3mm). Because this code uses discrete micro-dots rather than continuous lines, it is completely invisible to the human eye under normal lighting (requiring a magnifying optical microscope of 20x or higher or a dedicated LED side light source + polarizing filter for identification), and does not affect the wearer's visual quality. Due to the code structure's dependence on… With four variable parameters (dot distribution combination, number arrangement order, space position, and overall orientation), the same 8-digit number can generate 483,840 physical forms. Combined with 48 digital coding formats, this gives each number a strong physical uniqueness. Because the engraving is applied directly to the lens material, there is no adhesive, no coating, and no embedding. It is resistant to alcohol wiping, ultrasonic cleaning, and daily wear and tear, and its lifespan is consistent with that of the lens itself. Ultimately, this achieves the goal of giving each optometry lens a medical-grade product identity authentication capability that is controllable by the original manufacturer, verifiable at the terminal, and traceable by the regulatory authorities, without increasing investment in production line equipment or changing the existing process.

[0116] Example 6:

[0117] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0118] Anti-counterfeiting codes are at least 8-bit numerical sequences.

[0119] This application makes the following:

[0120] Anti-counterfeiting codes are at least 8-bit numerical sequences.

[0121] This embodiment focuses on the information capacity design of anti-counterfeiting codes, aiming to solve the structural defects commonly found in existing anti-counterfeiting technologies for optometric lenses, such as insufficient code length, weak uniqueness guarantee, and susceptibility to number collisions or batch duplication. Current mainstream practices in the industry mostly use functional markings (such as adding power, fitting point) or simple brand patterns. Even when digital coding is introduced, it is often limited to short codes of 3-4 digits (such as the abbreviation of "LX23" type number), with a combination space of only a few thousand, which cannot support the unique identification needs of millions of individual lenses throughout their entire lifecycle. Some manufacturers have tried using two-dimensional barcodes, but due to limitations in minimum readable size (≥0.5mm) and equipment compatibility, they are difficult to stably imprint on curved optical lenses and are easily counterfeited. This embodiment, by explicitly limiting the anti-counterfeiting code to "at least 8 digits," establishes the minimum entropy threshold of the coding system from the bottom layer of information theory, providing the necessary and sufficient numerical basis for subsequent multi-layer encryption mechanisms (such as dot matrix mapping, grid arrangement, and orientation marking), ensuring that each lens can carry an identity key with statistically significant uniqueness.

[0122] The "at least 8-digit number sequence" refers to an ordered string of Arabic numerals 0-9, with a length of at least 8 characters. Its numerical expression is a decimal integer sequence, such as "10247893", "00000001", and "9876543210" (the latter being 10 digits, also falling within the protection scope). This number sequence serves as the original data layer for anti-counterfeiting coding, independent of lens optical parameters (such as diopter and astigmatism axis), production batch number, or brand code, and is specifically used for product-level identity authentication and authenticity verification. Its generation method is as follows: dynamically generated by an enterprise-level unique coding allocation system (such as a UUID variant algorithm based on timestamp + random number + check digit), and physically mapped by an encryption module calling micro-dot coding rules. This sequence supports an scalable structure—when actual production capacity exceeds 100 million (10 8 When the number of bits is 10, it can be seamlessly upgraded to 9, 10, or even 16 bits (as explicitly stated in the documentation), without changing the hardware or resetting the laser process parameters. Only the sequence generation logic and decoding dictionary index in the control software need to be updated. As an optional implementation, the digital sequence can also embed a check field, such as adding a modulo-11 check code at the end to enhance the error resistance during transmission and recognition; or use BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal) encoding preprocessing to improve data interface compatibility with industrial PLCs and vision inspection equipment.

[0123] Each digit of the "digital sequence" strictly corresponds to a micro-dot encoding pattern: the first digit is mapped to generate a first set of dots consisting of 1-4 micro-dots, the second digit generates a second set of dots, and so on until the eighth digit and above. The dots are physically isolated from each other, with a minimum spacing of ≥0.3mm, to avoid overlapping of the laser heat-affected zone and resulting image blurring. The spatial arrangement of this sequence conforms to a 3×3 virtual grid constraint, but this embodiment does not involve the specific implementation of the grid structure, orientation markers, or arrangement order; it only rigidly specifies the lower limit of the number of digits in the sequence itself. Therefore, regardless of whether the A1 type (orientation marker located in the upper left corner), H1 type (orientation marker located in the lower right corner), or any other grid layout is subsequently used, as long as the length of the original digital sequence it carries is ≥8 digits, it falls within the protection scope of this embodiment.

[0124] There are no functional dependencies between the digits—the value of any digit does not depend on the other digits, nor does it participate in arithmetic operations (such as summation or XOR); it only participates in dot matrix mapping as an independent symbol unit. This loosely coupled design ensures high concurrency in code generation (distributed generation is possible) and enhances fault tolerance: if a digit is not etched due to laser malfunction, the system can still partially recover it based on the remaining digits and error correction algorithms (such as Hamming codes), rather than failing entirely.

[0125] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves the following: using "at least 8-digit sequence" as the data base for anti-counterfeiting coding, because the lower limit of its number of digits directly determines that the theoretical maximum coding space is 10. 8 This translates to 100 million possible combinations, far exceeding the annual production volume of a single lens manufacturer (typically hundreds of thousands to millions of pieces), thus fundamentally avoiding the risk of duplicate coding due to code pool depletion. Simultaneously, this bit threshold, along with the 48 dot coding formats, 3×3 grid layout, and 12 orientation markers, forms an orthogonal superposition—the 8-bit sequence provides a macroscopically unique framework, the dot coding provides microscopic non-replicability, and the grid and orientation provide spatial dimensional obfuscation; the three work together to create a layered defense. For example, even if an attacker reverse-engineers the 8-bit number "20240815" of a lens, without simultaneously knowing its specific placement order in the 3×3 grid (40,320 possibilities), the orientation of empty spaces (9 choices), and the overall rotation angle (12 orientations), they cannot reproduce its true dot matrix physical form, thus failing to forge a valid anti-counterfeiting mark. Therefore, without increasing additional hardware costs, simply by quantifying the number of bits, the entire anti-counterfeiting system's resistance to brute-force attacks and its engineering feasibility are significantly improved.

[0126] Example 7:

[0127] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0128] The overall engraving area of ​​the anti-counterfeiting code is no more than 3mm × 3mm.

[0129] This application makes the following:

[0130] The overall engraving area of ​​the anti-counterfeiting code is no more than 3mm × 3mm.

[0131] This technical solution focuses on highly compressing anti-counterfeiting information into a very small space in the form of physical microstructures while ensuring the decipherability of the code. This achieves the triple goals of zero interference with the functional areas of the optical lens, complete invisibility in appearance, and stable reproduction in mass production. Its core lies in using the rigid constraints of the spatial dimension to force the coding structure to meet multiple design requirements such as high information density, deformation resistance stability, and process tolerance compatibility. This, in turn, promotes the organic synergy of the dot coding method, the 3×3 virtual grid layout, the variable position sequence, and the orientation marking mechanism. However, this embodiment only fully discloses the spatial dimension limitation of "the overall imprinted area is no more than 3mm×3mm". All interpretations are strictly limited to the technical connotations directly related to this size parameter. It does not introduce the positioning constraint of "at least 35mm outside the center" in Specific Implementation 8, nor does it involve the bit requirement of "at least 8 digits" in Specific Implementation 6, nor does it refer to the subsequent steps such as the decoding verification process in Specific Implementation 9.

[0132] The "overall engraved area of ​​the anti-counterfeiting code" refers to the actual physical projection area of ​​the smallest bounding rectangle region, including all micro-dot patterns and their virtual supporting structure (i.e., a 3×3 virtual grid). This area is calculated by orthogonal projection perpendicular to the local normal direction on the curved surface of the lens or a non-planar substrate, ensuring a unified and reproducible measurement benchmark. The upper limit of this area is set at 3mm×3mm, which is a critical threshold verified by empirical studies: on the one hand, when the size is smaller than this, existing CO2 laser engraving equipment is easily affected by thermal diffusion, material sputtering, and optical distortion at a micro-dot focusing accuracy of 0.3mm, resulting in blurred boundaries between adjacent micro-dots and quadrant positioning shifts, thus causing decoding errors; on the other hand, when the size is larger than this, the risk of visible edges is significantly increased, especially under strong side light or high magnification observation, making it easy to be identified, which violates the fundamental purpose of "invisible anti-counterfeiting". This dimension is not an isolated parameter, but together with the micro-dot diameter (0.3mm), the four-quadrant grid division accuracy (the virtual coordinate system corresponding to the 2×2 quadrant must ensure that the resolution of each quadrant boundary is better than ±0.05mm), and the grid cell spacing (the center distance between adjacent micro-dots is ≥0.4mm to avoid fusion and connection) it constitutes a set of mutually verified spatial tolerance systems.

[0133] The phrase "not greater than 3mm × 3mm" is an inclusive expression, encompassing all rectangles, squares, and even non-orthogonal arrangements whose circumscribed rectangles remain ≤ 3mm × 3mm after slight rotation, satisfying this area constraint. For example, when a 3×3 virtual mesh is rotated 15° around its center, its circumscribed rectangle width is approximately 3.1mm. However, if the coordinates of the micro-points are simultaneously fine-tuned to shrink the projection to within the 3mm × 3mm boundary after rotation, it still falls within the protection scope of this embodiment. This dimension allows for a manufacturing tolerance of ±0.02mm, which is determined based on the positional accuracy requirements for surface markings on precision optical components in ISO 20483:2020 "Ophthalmic optics—Spectacular frames and lenses—Dimensional tolerances," ensuring that over 99.7% of samples in mass production meet the area limit.

[0134] The physical realization of the "overall imprinted area" relies on the spatial arrangement strategy of micro-dots: under the 3×3 virtual grid framework, 8 effective coding bits and 1 orientation identifier bit are distributed in 9 grid nodes; the dot coding pattern on each node consists of 1–4 micro-dots, and all micro-dots are located in a circular area with a radius ≤0.6mm centered on the corresponding grid node, thus ensuring that the entire 9-node array can be strictly enclosed within a 3mm×3mm square. This layout is not unique; a non-uniform grid can also be used—for example, the orientation marker is placed in the outer extension area of ​​the grid, while the eight digits are compactly clustered towards the center. As long as the area of ​​the final circumscribed rectangle is ≤3mm×3mm, it falls within the coverage of this embodiment. Similarly, the microdot itself can take the form of an ellipse (major axis 0.35mm / minor axis 0.25mm), a cross (double lines intersecting with a total length of 0.3mm), or a ring (outer diameter 0.3mm, line width 0.05mm), etc. As long as its optically equivalent area is comparable to that of a 0.3mm dot and does not violate the quadrant assignment criteria, it is considered an equivalent implementation.

[0135] The various technical features are tightly coupled through a spatial scale chain: "3mm×3mm" serves as the top-level constraint, determining the upper limit of the single-cell side length of the 3×3 virtual grid (approximately 1mm), which in turn limits the maximum possible arrangement range of micro-dots within the 2×2 four-quadrant grid (i.e., the side length of the virtual square corresponding to each number is ≤1mm). Finally, it reverse-calibrates the design tolerance of the micro-dot diameter (0.3mm) and the quadrant division accuracy (four-quadrant boundary positioning error ≤0.03mm). This top-down size transmission mechanism ensures consistency throughout the entire chain from macroscopic layout to microscopic structure.

[0136] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves the following: Constructing an anti-counterfeiting coding area on the surface of an optical lens, with a physical size strictly limited to a 3mm × 3mm boundary. This area is sufficient to accommodate a complete digital sequence generated based on dot coding rules (such as an 8-bit code), yet it is completely invisible during daily wear because it is far smaller than the resolution limit of the human eye (objects smaller than 0.1mm are difficult to distinguish under normal vision). The area limitation forces the coding to use a high-density discrete dot matrix instead of continuous lines, significantly improving its resistance to wear, wiping, and chemical cleaning. Simultaneously, this size highly matches the minimum focused spot size (0.25–0.35mm) and the repeatability accuracy (±0.01mm) of mainstream CO2 laser equipment, enabling stable mass production with a yield >99.5% without hardware replacement. Therefore, this area constraint directly solves the problem described in the background technology of "existing anti-counterfeiting marks being too large, causing visibility, interference with vision, and difficulty in concealment," achieving a true unity of miniaturization, invisibility, and engineering feasibility.

[0137] Example 8:

[0138] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0139] The anti-counterfeiting code is engraved using laser equipment at least in a position outside the center of the lens.

[0140] The core of the technical solution in this embodiment lies in achieving forced decoupling between the physical layout of the anti-counterfeiting code and the optical functional area of ​​the lens through rigid spatial constraints. Specifically, it uses a clear distance threshold to define the forbidden zone boundary for the code engraving, ensuring that all micro-dot coding patterns are strictly located outside the effective optical area of ​​the lens, thereby eliminating the possibility of interference with visual performance at the structural level. This solution does not rely on image recognition algorithms or post-processing correction and compensation, but rather establishes an insurmountable physical isolation principle from the manufacturing source, belonging to the underlying layout specifications oriented towards the safety design principles of medical devices.

[0141] The "lens center" refers to the geometric center point of the optometric lens. Its coordinates are determined by the intersection of the normal to the vertex of the lens's front surface and the lens plane. This point is also the origin of the optical design reference, corresponding to the pupil center positioning reference point in clinical fitting. In actual production, this center can be calibrated with a repeatability of ±0.1mm using a three-axis laser positioning system and used as the absolute coordinate origin for CNC engraving path planning. "At least 35mm" is the lower limit of the Euclidean distance, meaning that the straight-line distance from the geometric center of any micro-dot pattern within the anti-counterfeiting code area to the lens center point must not be less than 35mm. This value has been empirically verified to cover the entire non-visual area of ​​the edges of mainstream single-vision lenses (diameter 65–75mm), progressive multifocal lenses (diameter 70–80mm), and children's lenses (diameter 55–65mm), with a process redundancy of ≥5mm, which is compatible with lens edge chamfering, grinding tolerances, and lens eccentricity errors after framing. This distance threshold also matches the anatomical parameters of the human face: when the lens is fitted to a standard trial frame, the 35mm radius circumference falls exactly within the nasal / temporal lens ring occlusion zone, completely within the blind spot of the human eye's natural field of vision, and does not enter the main visual channel (within the range of horizontal angle ±20° and vertical angle ±15°).

[0142] The "anti-counterfeiting code" specifically refers to the dot-code structure defined in the above embodiments, which is a digital unit composed of 1-4 micro-dots according to the four-quadrant mapping rule, arranged in a 3×3 virtual grid to form an overall code array. Physically, it is a set of discrete CO2 laser micro-pits with a diameter of 0.3 mm, a depth controlled within the range of 0.8-1.2 μm, and a surface roughness Ra≤0.15 μm to ensure no scattering glare. This code can be located on the front or back surface of the lens, but a single surface must be uniformly selected for engraving to avoid the superposition effect of optical phase disturbances caused by double-sided marking. As an optional implementation, the anti-counterfeiting code can also be arranged on the curved surface area of ​​the nose edge of the lens. In this case, a curved surface adaptive focusing algorithm is used to dynamically compensate for the curvature, so that the micro-dots still maintain an equivalent circular outline and uniform energy density on the non-planar surface. Another optional implementation is to extend the 35 mm threshold to an elliptical constraint domain—with the lens center as the origin, an elliptical forbidden zone with a major axis of 35 mm (horizontal direction) and a minor axis of 28 mm (vertical direction) is set, more accurately adapting to the horizontal extension characteristics of the lens.

[0143] The "laser equipment" refers to an industrial-grade CO2 gas laser system with a wavelength of 10.6 μm, an average power of 3–15 W, a pulse width of 10–100 μs, and a spot diameter that is stably maintained at 0.28–0.32 mm after being focused by an F-θ field lens. This equipment does not require additional galvanometers or ultrafast laser modules and can be directly integrated into existing lens coating lines or pre-packaging processes, and is compatible with PLC or PC-based motion controllers. As an alternative, a fiber laser (wavelength 1064 nm) can be used in conjunction with a lens group to achieve the same microdot size, which is suitable for high-refractive-index resin lenses (such as 1.67 and 1.74) to avoid the problem of the expansion of the heat-affected zone of CO2 in organic materials. Another alternative is to use an excimer laser (KrF, 248 nm) for cold processing and imprinting, which is suitable for heat-sensitive photochromic lens substrates. In this case, the microdot morphology is dominated by photochemical etching rather than thermal melting, and there is no recast layer on the surface.

[0144] The synergistic effect of various technical features is manifested as follows: A spatial coordinate system is established with the lens center as the anchor point, transforming the "at least 35mm" requirement into a programmable numerical control path constraint. This drives the laser head to automatically search for the optimal etching site within a designated sector on the lens edge, provided this distance is met. This site must simultaneously satisfy: ① distance from the center ≥ 35mm; ② distance from the nearest functional marker (such as an illuminated marking line, brand logo, or prism base orientation arrow) ≥ 1.5mm; ③ location within a structurally stable region with a lens thickness ≥ 1.8mm; ④ avoidance of stress concentration areas (removed in real-time through a pre-stored lens stress cloud map database). This synergistic mechanism makes the laser etching process both deterministic (hard distance threshold) and flexible (multi-objective optimized site selection), ensuring regulatory compliance while improving production line first-pass yield.

[0145] Through the above technical solutions, this application achieves the following: By forcibly confining the anti-counterfeiting code to an area beyond 35mm from the center of the lens, the physical obstruction and diffraction interference of the code micro-dots on the main line of sight optical path are completely avoided, solving the fundamental problem in the background technology that "existing anti-counterfeiting marks easily intrude into the vision correction area, leading to image quality degradation and wearing discomfort"; by using a general-purpose CO2 laser device to perform this spatial constraint engraving, no additional dedicated hardware is required, solving the industrialization barrier in the background technology that "QR code engraving requires expensive internal engraving machines with uncontrollable costs"; and by ensuring dual adaptation of the distance threshold, ergonomics, and lens mechanical structure, the code is always located in the frame obstruction area or skin contact transition area, solving the clinical application pain point in the background technology that "functional marks and anti-counterfeiting marks are confused, affecting professional fitting judgment". Ultimately, it achieves the goal of giving each optometry lens an invisible, anti-counterfeiting, and mass-producible identity identification capability without any optical compromise.

[0146] Example 9:

[0147] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides:

[0148] A method for verifying the authenticity of optical lenses includes the following steps: observing and identifying dot-coded patterns engraved on the lens; decoding each dot-coded pattern into a corresponding number according to a predetermined decoding rule to obtain an anti-counterfeiting code; and comparing the anti-counterfeiting code with database records to verify the authenticity of the product.

[0149] The "method for verifying the authenticity of optical lenses" refers to a closed-loop identification and authentication process for anti-counterfeiting marks that have been physically engraved on the surface of optical lenses using micro-dot coding technology. This method does not rely on the functional areas of the lens (such as the optical zone or the progressive zone), but is specifically designed for non-optical micro-engraved areas (e.g., the nasal edge ≥35mm from the optical center). It is compatible with discrete dot matrix structures composed of 0.3mm diameter laser micro-dots and is compatible with conventional microscopic imaging equipment (such as 10–50× optical magnification lenses with CMOS image sensors), embedded image processing modules, and backend cloud database systems. Its core lies in achieving a reversible, unique, and interference-resistant mapping from physical dot matrix → digital sequence → identity authentication, and the entire process does not require contact with the lens body. It supports static image acquisition or dynamic video stream analysis.

[0150] Step 1: Observe and identify the dot-coded pattern engraved on the lens;

[0151] "Observation" refers to obtaining a clear image of the anti-counterfeiting code area through optical auxiliary devices. Specifically, this includes: using a portable handheld microscope (magnification of 15× to 30×) with a ring LED light source, or a fixed industrial vision inspection platform (equipped with a line scan camera with a resolution of 5MP or higher and a telecentric lens), under ambient illumination of 200–500 lux and without strong reflection interference, focusing and imaging the designated marking position on the lens (i.e., the non-viewing area "at least 35mm away from the center of the lens"); the marking position can be located 1–2mm below the horizontal baseline of the lens and inside the nose edge, avoiding the stress concentration area of ​​the coating layer and the mechanical processing burrs, ensuring that the micro-dot edges are sharp and free from melting trailing or carbonization halo; during imaging, the depth of field is controlled to be ≤0.1mm so that all micro-dots are on the same focal plane, avoiding the blurring of some micro-dots due to the curvature of the lens surface.

[0152] The "recognition" process refers to performing structured dot matrix analysis on the acquired image. Specifically, this includes: first, extracting the bright micro-dot regions through grayscale thresholding (Otsu algorithm); then, locating the centroid coordinates of each independent micro-dot using connected component analysis (8-neighborhood labeling); next, correcting image distortion and normalizing the coordinate system based on the "3×3 virtual grid topology," mapping the 9 grid units to the pixel coordinate matrix; and finally, determining the overall array rotation angle by combining the orientation markers ("one or more short lines set on one side of the 3×3 virtual grid")—for example, when a single short line is detected on the right, it is determined to be a 0° reference orientation; when two short lines are detected at the top, it is determined to be a 90° clockwise rotation orientation. This orientation recognition accuracy is better than ±2°, ensuring the alignment of the subsequent decoding coordinate system. This recognition process can be replaced by an end-to-end array detection model based on a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) (such as the MobileNetV3-Small structure with <2M parameters). The input is a 256×256 RGB image, and the output is a heatmap of the presence of micro-points within 9 grid cells and the orientation classification results. It is suitable for real-time recognition scenarios on mobile APP.

[0153] Step 2: According to the predetermined decoding rules, decode each dot encoding pattern into the corresponding number to obtain the anti-counterfeiting code;

[0154] The "predetermined decoding rules" strictly correspond to the "dot encoding mapping logic," meaning that a 2×2 four-quadrant grid is used as the basic decoding unit. Each micro-dot falls into one or more of quadrants 1, 2, 3, and 4, and the sum of its numbers uniquely determines a number from 0 to 9. The specific decoding process is as follows: for the eight valid encoding bits in the 3×3 grid (excluding the orientation marker), the distribution of micro-dots within each bit is extracted. For example, if a grid cell contains only one micro-dot located in the upper left quadrant, it is determined to be the number 1; if it contains two micro-dots, located in the upper left (quadrant 1) and lower right (quadrant 4) respectively, the sum of the quadrant numbers is 1+4=5, corresponding to the number 5; if it contains three micro-dots ... 1, 2, 4, the sum is 1+2+4=7, corresponding to the number 7; if micropoints exist in all four quadrants, the sum is 1+2+3+4=10, mapped to the number 0 according to the rules; specifically, for "OR" relationships (e.g., the number 3 can be represented by quadrant 1+2, or by quadrant 3 alone), a priority determination strategy is adopted during decoding: when a single quadrant point exists, single-point decoding is prioritized (reducing the false positive rate); only when a single quadrant point is missing but two quadrant points exist, dual-point combination decoding is enabled; this strategy is embedded in the verification terminal firmware through a preset decoding priority table, in which the decoding paths of each number are sorted according to the signal-to-noise ratio stability (single point > dual point > three point > four point). This decoding rule can be extended to support an enhanced mode for 16-bit number sequences: in this case, the 3×3 grid still retains one azimuth marker bit, the remaining 8 bits are used to carry the first 8 digits, and a second 3×3 grid (offset by 1.5mm) carries the last 8 digits, the two groups share the same azimuth marker, forming a spatial multiplexing structure.

[0155] Step 3: Compare the anti-counterfeiting code with the database records to verify the authenticity of the product;

[0156] Among them, "anti-counterfeiting code" refers to the pure numeric string obtained after restoration in step two, whose length is consistent with the original allocation ("at least 8 digits", typically 8 or 16 digits); this string does not contain spaces, separators or check bits, and is expressed as a raw decimal value; "database record" refers to the anti-counterfeiting information master database deployed on the secure server, containing the following fields: unique code (primary key), lens batch number, production date, factory inspector ID, physical layout parameters of the corresponding point code (including the coordinates of each number in the 3×3 grid, azimuth angle, and actual diameter deviation of the micro-dot), and status flag (valid / already). (Cancellation / Cancellation); The comparison process uses bidirectional hash verification: The verification terminal first calculates the SHA-256 digest of the decoded code and sends a query request to the database; the server returns the encrypted digest (AES-128 encryption) and timestamp of the matching record; the terminal decrypts locally and compares the digest consistency, and verifies whether the timestamp is within the allowed drift window (±30 seconds); if all passes, the "genuine" result and associated traceability information (such as GPS coordinates of the production factory and quality inspection report number) are returned; if any verification fails, "suspected counterfeit" is returned and an alarm log is triggered and uploaded to the regulatory platform. This comparison mechanism can be replaced by a blockchain evidence storage mode: all lens codes and their physical layout parameters are uploaded to the consortium blockchain (such as Hyperledger Fabric), and after the verification terminal synchronizes the block header through a light node, it calls the smart contract verifyCode() function to complete the zero-knowledge proof comparison, which can confirm its on-chain existence and tamper-proof nature without exposing the original code.

[0157] Through the above steps, this application achieves the following: without damaging the optical performance of the lens, it constructs a three-level verification closed loop based on the micron-level physical coding formed by the existing CO2 laser engraving production line, which is on-site executable, machine readable, and system traceable. The first level, "observation and recognition," solves the problems of micro-dot visibility and spatial positioning, overcoming interference from lens curvature, coating reflection, and environmental stray light. The second level, "rule decoding," solves the problems of coding ambiguity and stability. Through quadrant numbering and mapping + priority judgment strategies, it ensures that even if a single point is damaged (such as a micro-dot being covered by a fingerprint), the digital data can still be correctly restored based on the remaining micro-dots. The third level, "database comparison," solves the problems of identity legitimacy and lifecycle management, deeply binding the physical world engraving with the digital world registration.

[0158] The above are merely embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural changes made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A micro-dot coding method for product anti-counterfeiting, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: The product's unique anti-counterfeiting code is determined as a numerical sequence; Each number in the number sequence is mapped to a corresponding dot-coded pattern; The dot-coded pattern consists of 1 to 4 micro-dots, each of which is located in one or more quadrants of a virtual 2x2 four-quadrant grid. The four quadrants are numbered Quadrant 1, Quadrant 2, Quadrant 3, and Quadrant 4, respectively. The encoding rules for the numbers 0-9 are determined based on the sum of the quadrant numbers of the micro-dots in the dot-coded pattern, as follows: The number 1 is represented by a single micro-dot in quadrant 1; The number 2 is represented by a single micro-dot in quadrant 2; The number 3 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrant 1 and quadrant 2, or by a single micro-dot of quadrant 3; The number 4 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrant 1 and quadrant 3, or by a single micro-dot of quadrant 4; The number 5 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrant 1 and quadrant 4, or by the micro-dots of quadrant 2 and quadrant 3. The number 6 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrants 1, 2, and 3, or by the micro-dots of quadrants 2 and 4. The number 7 is represented by the micro-dots of quadrants 1, 2, and 4, or by the micro-dots of quadrants 3 and 4. The number 8 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 1, 3, and 4. The number 9 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 2, 3, and 4. The number 0 is represented by the micro-dots in quadrants 1, 2, 3, and 4.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes arranging the multiple point-coded patterns obtained by mapping in a 3x3 virtual grid to represent the entire digital sequence.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The order of the number sequence in the 3x3 virtual grid is variable.

4. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The 3x3 virtual mesh as a whole has a variable imprint orientation, which is indicated by predefined orientation marks; The orientation markers are one or more short lines set on one side of the 3x3 virtual grid, and their number corresponds to a specific orientation.

5. An optical lens, characterized in that, Its surface is engraved with an anti-counterfeiting code by the method described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The optical lens as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The anti-counterfeiting code is a number sequence of at least 8 bits.

7. The optical lens as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The overall engraving area of ​​the anti-counterfeiting code is no greater than 3mm x 3mm.

8. The optical lens as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The anti-counterfeiting code is engraved using laser equipment at a position at least 35mm outside the center of the lens.

9. A method for verifying the authenticity of an optical lens as described in any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Observe and identify the dot-coded pattern engraved on the lens; According to the predetermined decoding rules, each dot-coded pattern is decoded into the corresponding number to obtain the anti-counterfeiting code; The anti-counterfeiting code is compared with the database records to verify the authenticity of the product.

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