Dual-mode collector based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication

Abstract

The invention provides a dual-mode collector based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication, which comprises a micro-control unit, an RS485 interface communication circuit, a wireless radio frequency circuit, a high-speed power line carrier communication circuit, an AC-to-DC module and a power supply processing module which are connected according to a preset link to form a complete collection and transmission system, the collector collects metering data and state information of an electric energy meter through the RS485 interface communication circuit, after the metering data and the state information are processed by the micro-control unit to generate a to-be-transmitted data packet, the to-be-transmitted data packet is transmitted to a concentrator through the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit or the wireless radio frequency circuit, and the problem that an existing single-mode collector is single in communication mode is solved by adopting a dual-mode communication architecture. The system can adapt to different installation scenes, provides a redundant transmission path to avoid transmission interruption caused by a single-path fault, facilitates later maintenance and upgrading through a modular architecture, remarkably improves the adaptability and reliability of data transmission and the fault-tolerant capability of the system, and meets the data collection and transmission requirements of an intelligent power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of the smart grid industry, and in particular to a dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of smart grids, the requirements for communication reliability, scenario adaptability, and continuous working capability of electricity meter data acquisition are increasing.

[0003] However, current data collectors on the market that can acquire electricity meter data have many shortcomings. For example, these traditional collectors have limited adaptability to single-mode communication, making it difficult to cope with complex installation environments. The dual-mode solutions implemented by some collectors lack flexible communication channel switching, making transmission interruptions common. Furthermore, power line carrier communication is significantly affected by grid interference, resulting in a high data error rate. Insufficient power supply stability and weak data transmission fault tolerance further impact overall performance, making it difficult to meet the efficient data acquisition and transmission requirements of smart grids. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application proposes a dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication, aiming to achieve a dual-mode architecture that combines high-speed power line carrier with wireless radio frequency. This effectively solves the problem of the single communication mode of existing single-mode data acquisition devices, can flexibly adapt to different installation scenarios and provide redundant transmission paths. With the adaptive switching of the main and backup channels based on periodic link quality assessment and the pre-configured hot standby design of the wireless radio frequency circuit, it can quickly switch without re-initialization, meeting the high requirements of smart grid data acquisition and transmission for adaptability, reliability and continuity.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and power line carrier communication, comprising: a microcontroller unit, an RS485 interface communication circuit, a wireless radio frequency circuit, a high-speed power line carrier communication circuit, an AC-to-DC converter, and a power supply processing module; wherein, The input terminal of the AC to DC module is connected to the external power supply line, the output terminal of the AC to DC module is connected to the input terminal of the power processing module, the output terminal of the power processing module is connected to the input terminal of the RS485 interface communication circuit, the input terminal of the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit, the input terminal of the wireless radio frequency circuit and the input terminal of the microcontroller, and the microcontroller establishes bidirectional communication connections with the wireless radio frequency circuit, the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit and the RS485 interface communication circuit respectively. An AC-to-DC module is used to convert high-voltage AC power output from an external power supply line into low-voltage DC power, and to output the low-voltage DC power to a power processing module. The power processing module is used to receive and process low-voltage DC power to output target DC power adapted to the corresponding operating voltage to the RS485 interface communication circuit, high-speed power line carrier communication circuit, wireless radio frequency circuit, and microcontroller unit, respectively. The RS485 interface communication circuit establishes a bidirectional communication connection with the electricity meter to collect the metering data and status information of the electricity meter, and to transmit the metering data and status information to the microcontroller unit. The microcontroller unit is used to receive and process metering data and status information to obtain data packets to be transmitted; and to acquire link status indicators of the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit and the wireless radio frequency circuit to select to output data packets to be transmitted to the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit or the wireless radio frequency circuit. The high-speed power line carrier communication circuit establishes a bidirectional communication connection with the external power supply line, and is used to transmit the data packets to be transmitted from the microcontroller to the concentrator through the external power supply line. The wireless radio frequency circuit establishes a two-way communication connection with the antenna, and is used to transmit the data packets to be transmitted from the microcontroller unit to the concentrator via the antenna.

[0006] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a microcontroller for performing all the steps executed by any of the microcontrollers involved in the first aspect.

[0007] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a terminal device, including a dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication as described in the first and second aspects.

[0008] In this embodiment, the dual-mode data collector adopts a dual-mode architecture of "high-speed power line carrier + wireless radio frequency," adapting to multiple scenarios and providing redundant transmission paths. The primary and backup channels adaptively and quickly switch to ensure continuous and real-time transmission. The power processing module provides split power supply and works with filtering ripple suppression to avoid voltage interference and improve operational stability. The zero-crossing detection circuit controls the carrier communication to transmit during the zero-crossing period, reducing the bit error rate due to power grid interference. The microcontroller unit improves fault tolerance and reduces data loss through verification, retransmission, and caching mechanisms. The power outage protection module provides emergency power supply and works with low-power time-sharing reporting to ensure that critical data is not missed, fully meeting the high requirements of the smart grid. Attached Figure Description

[0009] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0010] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-mode data collector communication provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a low dropout linear regulator provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a zero-crossing detection circuit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a power outage protection module provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0011] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0012] The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0013] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0014] In the embodiments of this application, "and / or" describes the relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone; A and B exist simultaneously; B exists alone. Among them, A and B can be singular or plural.

[0015] In this embodiment, the symbol " / " can indicate that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship. Alternatively, the symbol " / " can also represent a division sign, i.e., performing a division operation. For example, A / B can mean A divided by B.

[0016] In the embodiments of this application, "at least one item" or its similar expression refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. "One or more" means one or more, while "multiple" means two or more. For example, "at least one item" of a, b, or c can represent the following seven cases: a, b, c; a and b; a and c; b and c; a, b, and c. Each of a, b, and c can be an element or a set containing one or more elements.

[0017] In the embodiments of this application, "equal to" can be used with "greater than" and is applicable to technical solutions used when "greater than" is used; it can also be used with "less than" and is applicable to technical solutions used when "less than" is used. When "equal to" is used with "greater than", it is not used with "less than"; when "equal to" is used with "less than", it is not used with "greater than".

[0018] To better understand the solutions of the embodiments of this application, the terminal devices, related concepts and background that may be involved in the embodiments of this application will be introduced below.

[0019] 1. Microcontroller Unit (MCU) is the core control unit of the data acquisition device in this application, which coordinates data processing, channel selection, command issuance and other tasks.

[0020] 2. RS485 Interface Communication Circuit (RS485) establishes communication with the electricity meter, collects metering data and status information, and transmits it to the MCU.

[0021] 3. High-speed power line carrier communication circuit (HPLC) is, simply put, a high-speed communication technology that "transmits data using power lines." It requires no additional wiring, directly utilizing existing power lines (such as 220V household wires or 380V industrial wires) to superimpose and transmit data signals with power signals, achieving "electricity and data on the same line." It features high transmission rates (typically 10Mbps~100Mbps), strong anti-interference capabilities (adapting to complex power line environments), wide coverage (penetrating walls, suitable for building / park scenarios), and no wiring required (reducing construction costs).

[0022] 4. High-frequency radio frequency (HRF) circuits, also known as wireless radio frequency circuits, belong to short-range wireless communication technology. They focus on "high-frequency band (typically 30MHz~300MHz) wireless data transmission." Through an RF module, they transmit / receive high-frequency electromagnetic waves to achieve wireless data exchange between devices without the need for physical wiring. They are characterized by short range (typically within 100 meters), low power consumption, moderate obstruction resistance (suitable for open or minimally obstructed environments), and flexible deployment (no wiring required).

[0023] 5. A low dropout regulator (LDO), as specified in the claims: a first low dropout regulator and a second low dropout regulator, for regulating (including step-down) low-voltage DC power and supplying power to RS485 circuits and HPLC circuits.

[0024] Furthermore, to realize the dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication provided in this application, the problems of traditional data acquisition devices are described below.

[0025] Typically, a single-mode Type II data acquisition unit is used, while a dual-mode Type II data acquisition unit connects to an RS485 interface meter. It collects meter information via the RS485 line, and after frequency modulation and amplification by the main control chip, transmits it to the concentrator via HRF or HPLC communication. "Single-mode" refers to supporting only one communication mode (e.g., only HPLC or only HRF), and "Type II" refers to a second-generation data acquisition unit conforming to industry technical specifications (common in the power sector), whose core function is "collecting data from terminal devices + one-way / one-way data transmission." "Dual-mode" refers to supporting two communication modes (common combination: HPLC + HRF), representing an upgrade from the single-mode data acquisition unit, with the core feature being "flexible adaptation to different communication scenarios." Most existing technologies on the market are single-mode Type II data acquisition units, meaning they only support HPLC communication. This single communication mode results in a high packet loss rate when power line network interference fluctuates significantly, hindering stable data transmission.

[0026] In view of this, in order to solve the problems of traditional single-mode data acquisition devices, such as limited communication mode, weak anti-interference capability, insufficient data transmission stability, and lack of effective emergency support, this application provides a dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication. This enables flexible adaptation to multiple scenarios, seamless switching between primary and backup channels, enhanced anti-interference of power line transmission, and accurate reporting of power outage status. At the same time, it improves data transmission integrity and system fault tolerance, meeting the stringent requirements of smart grids for high reliability and high continuity in data acquisition and transmission.

[0027] Please refer to the following. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the communication structure of a dual-mode data collector provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, this structure is built upon a 220V power supply line (i.e., an external power supply line) (including L line and N line): the concentrator 103 is connected to the power supply line, and the dual-mode data acquisition unit 101 based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication involved in this application is connected to the concentrator 103 through the power supply line. Each dual-mode data acquisition unit 101 based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication is connected to the RS485 interface of the corresponding energy meter 102 through an RS485 line. At the same time, the dual-mode data acquisition unit 101 based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication is equipped with an antenna 104 to support wireless radio frequency communication. During operation, the concentrator 103 sends data acquisition signals through power line carrier. After receiving the signals through the HPLC circuit, the dual-mode data acquisition unit 101 based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication communicates with the energy meter and acquires data through the RS485 communication circuit. Subsequently, through automatic fusion networking, the channel with stronger signal is selected in real time, and the data is stably and completely transmitted to the concentrator 103 in a "HPLC as the main and HRF as the auxiliary" mode.

[0028] Furthermore, the dual-mode data acquisition unit 101 based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication in this application possesses flexible adaptability and high reliability fault tolerance characteristics in the data acquisition stage. For example, the data acquisition frequency of the 485 communication circuit can be configured as needed to adapt to the differentiated acquisition requirements of different provinces, and each dual-mode data acquisition unit 101 based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication can support the connection of multiple energy meters 102, meeting the needs of centralized acquisition scenarios for multiple meters. Further, the acquisition process adopts a "question-and-answer communication" mode. The concentrator 103 first sends a polling command frame, and data acquisition is only performed after the energy meter 102 responds, effectively avoiding bus preemption issues. If other devices are detected communicating on the bus, the acquisition will be automatically delayed by a fixed delay before initiating acquisition, further ensuring the orderliness and data integrity of the acquisition process.

[0029] Please refer to the following. Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2As shown, the modules in the dual-mode data acquisition unit 101 based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication, and the connection relationships between the modules are as follows: The dual-mode data acquisition unit 101 based on radio frequency communication and power line carrier communication includes: a microcontroller unit 204, an RS485 interface communication circuit 203, a wireless radio frequency circuit 206, a high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205, an AC-to-DC converter 201, and a power processing module 202; wherein, The input terminal of the AC-to-DC module 201 is connected to an external power supply line, and the output terminal of the AC-to-DC module 201 is connected to the input terminal of the power processing module 202. The output terminal of the power processing module 202 is connected to the input terminal of the RS485 interface communication circuit 203, the input terminal of the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205, the input terminal of the wireless radio frequency circuit 206, and the input terminal of the microcontroller unit 204. The microcontroller unit 204 establishes bidirectional communication connections with the wireless radio frequency circuit 206, the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205, and the RS485 interface communication circuit 203, respectively.

[0030] Based on the connection relationships and circuit operating principles of the various modules in the dual-mode data acquisition unit 101 based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication, the functions of each module are described as follows: AC to DC module 201 is used to convert high-voltage AC power output from an external power supply line into low-voltage DC power, and to output the low-voltage DC power to power processing module 202. The power processing module 202 is used to receive and process low-voltage DC power to output target DC power adapted to the corresponding working voltage to the RS485 interface communication circuit 203, the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205, the wireless radio frequency circuit 206, and the microcontroller unit 204 respectively. RS485 interface communication circuit 203 establishes a bidirectional communication connection with energy meter 102, used to collect metering data and status information of energy meter 102, and to transmit metering data and status information to microcontroller 204. The microcontroller unit 204 is used to receive and process metering data and status information to obtain a data packet to be transmitted; and to acquire the link status indicators of the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 and the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 to select to output the data packet to be transmitted to the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 or the wireless radio frequency circuit 206. The high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 establishes a bidirectional communication connection with the external power supply line, and is used to transmit the data packets to be transmitted output by the microcontroller 204 to the concentrator through the external power supply line. The wireless radio frequency circuit 206 establishes a bidirectional communication connection with the antenna 104 and is used to transmit the data packets to be transmitted from the microcontroller unit 204 to the concentrator through the antenna 104.

[0031] Metering data refers to the core metering data of an electricity meter, which is quantitative data directly related to "electricity consumption" generated by the meter based on its electricity consumption monitoring function. Specifically, it can include: 1. Electricity consumption data: the total / incremental amount of electricity consumed by users or devices as recorded by the electricity meter (such as kilowatt-hours (kWh)); 2. Extended types (combined with the conventional functions of smart meters): may include metering parameters such as real-time power, voltage, current, and power factor.

[0032] The status information is non-quantitative / semi-quantitative data used to describe the working status, identification, or abnormal conditions of the electricity meter. The explicitly mentioned types include: 1. Identification information: meter address, used to uniquely identify each electricity meter and ensure that the data corresponds one-to-one with the device; 2. Operating status information: power outage and restoration status, that is, feedback on whether the electricity meter is currently in "power supply status" or "power outage status"; 3. Extended types: may include meter fault status (such as metering abnormality, communication failure), low battery status, etc.

[0033] As can be seen, in this embodiment, the dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication adopts a "high-speed power line carrier + wireless radio frequency" dual-mode architecture. The microcontroller can select the transmission channel according to the link status, effectively solving the problem of the single communication mode of the single-mode data acquisition device. It can flexibly adapt to different installation scenarios such as inconvenient power line deployment and wireless interference. At the same time, the dual paths form redundant transmission protection to avoid transmission interruption caused by single-channel failure and ensure the continuity of data transmission. In addition, the power processing module outputs a suitable stable target DC power for different modules according to their different operating voltage requirements, reducing cross-module voltage interference and ensuring the stable operation of each core module. The RS485 interface communication circuit can accurately collect the metering data and status information of the energy meter and transmit it to the microcontroller for processing. The meter address ensures that the data corresponds one-to-one with the energy meter, improving the accuracy of data traceability. The high-speed power line carrier communication circuit relies on the external power supply line and the wireless radio frequency circuit relies on the antenna to realize data transmission respectively. The dual paths cover the needs of different communication scenarios, fully ensuring that the data can be stably transmitted to the concentrator and meeting the basic requirements of adaptability and reliability for smart grid data acquisition and transmission.

[0034] To illustrate in more detail the specific circuit architecture of each module in the dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication provided in this application, we will introduce it in conjunction with corresponding figures and embodiments later.

[0035] First, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3As shown, the various modules in the power processing module 202, and the connection relationships between them, are as follows: The power processing module 202 includes a first low-dropout linear regulator 301, a second low-dropout linear regulator 302, and a DC-to-DC converter 303; wherein, The output terminal of the AC-to-DC module 201 is connected to the input terminal of the first low-dropout linear regulator 301, the input terminal of the second low-dropout linear regulator 302, and the input terminal of the DC-to-DC module 303, respectively. The output terminal of the first low-dropout linear regulator 301 is connected to the input terminal of the RS485 interface communication circuit 203. The output terminal of the second low-dropout linear regulator 302 is connected to the input terminal of the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205. The output terminal of the DC-to-DC module 303 is connected to the input terminal of the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 and the input terminal of the microcontroller unit 204, respectively.

[0036] Based on the connection relationships and circuit working principles of the various modules in the power processing module 202 described above, the functions of each module are described as follows: The power processing module 202 is configured to perform a step-down conversion and regulation operation for low-voltage DC power via the first low-dropout linear regulator 301, so as to output a first target DC power to the RS485 interface communication circuit 203; and, A second low-dropout linear regulator 302 performs voltage regulation for the low-voltage DC power to output a second target DC power to the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205; and, The DC-to-DC converter 303 performs a step-down conversion and voltage regulation operation for low-voltage DC power to output the third target DC power to the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 and the microcontroller unit 204, respectively.

[0037] The voltage of the first target DC power supply corresponds to the operating voltage of the RS485 interface communication circuit 203, the voltage of the second target DC power supply corresponds to the operating voltage of the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205, and the voltage of the third target DC power supply corresponds to the operating voltage of the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 and the microcontroller unit 204.

[0038] Based on the circuit architecture of the power processing module 202, the module adopts a branched precision power supply design. Each sub-module is connected to a stable connection through a specific line to achieve orderly transmission and processing of electrical energy. The output of the first low-dropout linear regulator 301 is connected to the input of the RS485 interface communication circuit 203, the output of the second low-dropout linear regulator 302 is connected to the input of the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205, and the output of the DC-DC converter 303 is connected to the input of the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 and the input of the microcontroller unit 204, forming a targeted power supply link.

[0039] Furthermore, the AC-to-DC module 201 specifically converts the 220V high-voltage AC power supplied by the external power supply line into a 12V low-voltage DC power. Subsequently, the first low-dropout linear regulator 301, preferably a 12V LDO, based on the operating voltage required by the RS485 interface communication circuit 203, is specifically used to convert the 12V low-voltage DC power provided by the AC-to-DC module 201 into a cleaner and more stable first target DC power adapted to the 12V operating voltage of the RS485 interface communication circuit 203. The second low-dropout linear regulator 302, preferably a 5V LDO, is specifically used to convert the 12V low-voltage DC power provided by the AC-to-DC module 201 into a second target DC power adapted to the 5V operating voltage of the high-speed circuit line carrier communication circuit 205. The DC-to-DC module 303 is specifically used to convert the 12V low-voltage DC power provided by the AC-to-DC module 201 into a third target DC power adapted to the 3.3V operating voltage of the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 and the microcontroller unit 204.

[0040] As can be seen, in this embodiment, through the refined design of the power processing module 202, this application adopts a branched power supply architecture of "dual low-dropout linear regulators + DC-DC module". Differential processing is performed on the different power requirements (whether step-down is required, voltage amplitude, etc.) of the RS485 interface communication circuit 203, high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205, wireless radio frequency circuit 206, and microcontroller unit 204, avoiding the poor voltage adaptability problem caused by a single power supply mode, and ensuring that each core module receives accurate and stable power supply. It also adapts to the voltage level differences of different modules, effectively suppresses voltage ripple, reduces cross-module power supply interference, and ensures the stable operation of each circuit module (especially communication circuits). The independent branched power supply design isolates the power supply links of each module from each other. Fluctuations in the power supply circuit of one module will not affect the operation of other modules, improving the anti-interference capability and reliability of the entire data acquisition power system, and laying a solid power supply foundation for the stability of subsequent data acquisition, processing, and transmission.

[0041] Furthermore, please refer to the following: Figure 4 The specific circuit architecture of the first low-dropout linear regulator 301 and the second low-dropout linear regulator 302 will be introduced. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a low-dropout linear regulator provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the components in the first low-dropout linear regulator 301 and the second low-dropout linear regulator 302, and the connection relationships between the components are as follows: The first low-dropout linear regulator 301 includes a first voltage regulator chip 401 and a first capacitor C1. The first terminal of the first voltage regulator chip 401 is connected to the output terminal of the AC to DC module 201, the second terminal of the first voltage regulator chip 401 is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 and the input terminal of the RS485 interface communication circuit 203, and the third terminal of the first voltage regulator chip 401 and the second terminal of the first capacitor C1 are respectively grounded. The second low-dropout linear regulator 302 includes a second voltage regulator chip 402, a second capacitor C2, and a third capacitor C3. The first terminal of the second voltage regulator chip 402 is connected to the output terminal of the AC-to-DC module 201 and the first terminal of the second capacitor C2. The second terminal of the second voltage regulator chip 402 is connected to the first terminal of the third capacitor C3 and the input terminal of the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205. The second terminal of the second capacitor C2, the third terminal of the second voltage regulator chip 402, and the second terminal of the third capacitor C3 are respectively grounded.

[0042] Based on the connection relationships between the components in the first low-dropout linear regulator 301 and the second low-dropout linear regulator 302, as well as the circuit operating principle, the functions of each module are described as follows: The first low-dropout linear regulator 301 is used to receive low-voltage DC power input from the AC to DC module 201. After the first voltage regulator chip 401 performs step-down conversion and voltage regulation operations, the output voltage ripple is suppressed by the first capacitor C1 so as to output a stable first target DC power to the RS485 interface communication circuit 203. The second low-dropout linear regulator 302 is used to receive the low-voltage DC power input from the AC-to-DC module 201, filter out high-frequency interference signals in the low-voltage DC power through the second capacitor C2, and after the second voltage regulator chip 402 performs voltage regulation, suppress the output voltage ripple through the third capacitor C3, so as to output a stable second target DC power to the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205.

[0043] To further explain, based on the aforementioned circuit architecture and component connections, the two low-dropout linear regulators achieve differentiated and precise power supply functions: The first low-dropout linear regulator 301 receives low-voltage DC power from the AC-to-DC module 201. First, the first voltage regulator chip 401 simultaneously performs buck conversion and voltage regulation to adjust the voltage to the operating voltage level compatible with the RS485 interface communication circuit 203. Then, the first capacitor C1 utilizes its energy storage characteristics to suppress output voltage ripple, ultimately outputting a low-ripple, highly stable first target DC power to the RS485 interface communication circuit 203. The second low-dropout linear regulator 302 first uses the second capacitor C2, based on its "passing high frequencies and blocking low frequencies" characteristic, to filter out high-frequency interference signals in the low-voltage DC power. Then, the second voltage regulator chip 402 performs high-precision voltage regulation. Finally, the third capacitor C3 further suppresses output voltage ripple, outputting a clean and stable second target DC power to the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205, meeting the stringent power quality requirements of the high-frequency communication module.

[0044] As can be seen, in this embodiment, based on the connection relationship between the various components in the first low-dropout linear regulator 301 and the second low-dropout linear regulator 302 and the circuit working principle, such a differentiated circuit design can accurately adapt to the power supply requirements of different modules; the voltage regulator chip and capacitor work together to significantly suppress ripple and high-frequency interference, and improve the purity of power supply; independent links and reasonable grounding enhance anti-interference ability and system reliability, laying the foundation for stable data acquisition and transmission.

[0045] In one possible embodiment, the microcontroller 204 is further configured to: configure the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 as the primary communication channel and the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 as the backup communication channel; and periodically collect link status indicators according to a preset periodic duration T1 to determine the link quality comparison results; if the link quality comparison results of a first preset number N1 consecutively determined values ​​all indicate that the quality of the second link is higher than that of the first link, then the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 is switched to the backup communication channel and the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 is switched to the primary communication channel; when the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 is configured as the backup communication channel and the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 is configured as the primary communication channel, if the link quality comparison results of a second preset number N2 consecutively determined values ​​all indicate that the quality of the first link is higher than that of the second link, then the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 is switched to the primary communication channel and the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 is switched to the backup communication channel.

[0046] In this system, the main communication channel has a higher priority for transmitting data packets than the backup communication channel. The wireless radio frequency circuit 206 is in standby mode and maintains the pre-configuration of communication link parameters. The link quality comparison result is used to indicate the relative quality of the first link of the main communication channel and the second link of the backup communication channel.

[0047] For example, link parameters are the core configuration information that ensures the normal establishment of the communication link and data transmission. They are the "agreement conditions" for stable communication between the collector and the concentrator, and specifically include: 1. Baud rate: The transmission rate of the communication signal (e.g., 1200bps, 9600bps, etc.), which must be consistent between the collector and the concentrator to correctly parse the data; 2. Wireless frequency band: The operating frequency of the HRF module, which determines the coverage and anti-interference capability of wireless communication; 3. Address information: The unique identifier of the collector (e.g., device address) and the target address of the concentrator, used to accurately identify the communication object and avoid data transmission errors; 4. Verification method: Basic data verification rules (e.g., parity check), which helps ensure the accuracy of short frame data transmission; 5. Transmission mode: The triggering method for data transmission (e.g., active transmission, responsive transmission), adapted to the communication protocol of the collector and the concentrator. These parameters are prerequisites for the HRF module and the concentrator to establish a wireless link, and no temporary negotiation is required; they can be configured in advance for direct communication.

[0048] Furthermore, "pre-configuration complete" means that the above link parameters have been set and stored in the HRF module or MCU main control chip in advance during the power-on initialization phase of the data collector, rather than being configured temporarily when communication is required, so as to avoid additional delay caused by parameter configuration during switching.

[0049] For example, as shown in Table 1, in the link status assessment stage, the microcontroller unit 204 reads the link status indicators of the two channels through the serial port according to a preset period of time T1. These indicators include signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER), link connectivity, transmission rate, and communication delay. Then, based on preset weights (0.3 for SNR and BER, 0.2 for connectivity, and 0.1 for rate and delay), it calculates the link quality assessment value Q (Q = SNR score + BER score + connectivity score + rate score + delay score; 1 point is awarded for meeting the indicator, and points are awarded according to the ratio of actual value to threshold for failure). This yields the comparison result between the first link quality Q_h of the main channel and the second link quality Q_r of the backup channel. In terms of switching decision logic, if the comparison results for the first preset number N1 cycles are all Q_r > Q_h, the microcontroller unit 204 immediately triggers channel switching, switching the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 to the main channel and the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 to the backup channel. During the switching process, the data to be transmitted is buffered to avoid loss, and the buffered data is transmitted immediately after the switching. Conversely, when the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 is the main channel, if the comparison results for the second preset number N2 cycles are Q_h > Q_r, the system automatically switches back to the initial main / backup configuration and records the link fault information for traceability.

[0050] Table 1 Evaluation Indicators and Threshold Settings As can be seen, in this embodiment, the intelligent configuration and dynamic switching design of the primary and backup communication channels by the microcontroller unit not only utilizes the initial architecture of "HPLC as primary and RF as backup" to meet the needs of conventional power communication scenarios, but also shortens the switching latency through the pre-configuration design of the backup channel. Combined with the switching strategy of preset periodic acquisition and continuous multiple link quality comparisons, it effectively avoids erroneous switching caused by single link fluctuations and ensures the accuracy of switching decisions. The bidirectional switching logic can dynamically adjust the roles of the primary and backup channels according to the link quality, enabling the acquisition unit to adapt to complex scenarios such as power line interference and changes in the wireless environment, avoiding data transmission interruptions caused by single channel failures or quality degradation, and significantly improving the reliability, continuity, and environmental adaptability of data transmission.

[0051] Furthermore, please refer to the following: Figure 5 Let's introduce the specific circuit architecture of the zero-detection circuit 510. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a zero-crossing detection circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, the components in the zero-crossing detection circuit 510, and the connections between them, are as follows: The dual-mode data acquisition unit based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication also includes a zero-crossing detection circuit 510. The zero-crossing detection circuit 510 includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5, a zero-crossing detection chip 501, and an optocoupler transformer 502. The first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the live wire L of the external power supply line; the second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the second resistor R2; the second end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the first end of the third resistor R3; the second end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the first pin of the zero-crossing detection chip 501; the second pin of the zero-crossing detection chip 501, the first end of the fourth resistor R4, and the second pin of the optocoupler 502 are all connected to the power processing module 202; the second end of the fourth resistor R4 and the first pin of the optocoupler 502 are connected to the first end of the fourth capacitor C4; the second end of the fourth capacitor C4 and the third pin of the zero-crossing detection chip 501 are connected to the neutral wire N of the external power supply line; and the third pin of the optocoupler 502, the first end of the fifth resistor R5, and the first end of the fifth capacitor C5 are connected to the zero-crossing signal output terminal 503; the fourth pin of the optocoupler 502 is connected to the power processing module 202; the second end of the fifth capacitor C5 and the second end of the fifth resistor R5 are respectively grounded. Based on the connection relationships and working principle of the zero-crossing detection circuits 510 described above, the functions of each component are described as follows: The zero-crossing detection circuit 510 is used to divide the high-voltage AC power output from the external power supply line through the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, and the third resistor R3, providing a suitable AC detection signal for the zero-crossing detection chip 501; and, The zero-crossing detection chip 501 identifies the AC zero-crossing state of the external power supply line through AC detection signals, generates a zero-crossing trigger signal, and outputs the zero-crossing trigger signal to the optocoupler transformer 502; and, The optocoupler transformer 502 receives and responds to the zero-crossing trigger signal, performs electrical isolation between the external power supply line and the microcontroller unit 204, and after filtering by the fifth resistor R5 and the fifth capacitor C5, converts the zero-crossing trigger signal into a stable zero-point signal, and outputs the stable zero-point signal through the zero-crossing signal output terminal 503. The microcontroller unit 204 is also used to receive and respond to a stable zero-point signal, and control the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 to transmit the data packet to be transmitted during the zero-crossing period corresponding to the high-voltage AC power output from the external power supply line.

[0052] The dual-mode data acquisition unit based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication in this application incorporates a zero-crossing detection circuit to achieve precise timing synchronization for high-speed power line carrier communication. This circuit adopts an integrated design of "voltage divider sampling - chip detection - optocoupler isolation - filter output". Based on the above hardware architecture, the zero-crossing detection circuit achieves accurate capture and stable output of the zero-crossing signal through multi-stage collaboration. The specific working principle is as follows: First, the high-voltage AC power output from the external power supply line (such as 220V AC mains power) is stepped down by a voltage divider network composed of resistors R1, R2, and R3, converting the high-voltage signal into a low-amplitude AC detection signal that the zero-crossing detection chip 501 can safely withstand, avoiding direct damage to the chip's core components from high voltage. The zero-crossing detection chip 501 monitors the input AC detection signal in real time, determines the zero-crossing state of the AC power from the external power supply line through its internally integrated signal recognition unit, and then generates a corresponding zero-crossing trigger signal, which is transmitted to the optocoupler transformer 502. The optocoupler transformer 502 receives... After the zero-crossing trigger signal is received, on the one hand, electrical isolation is achieved between the external power supply line and the microcontroller 204, blocking the influence of power grid surges, electromagnetic interference, etc. on the control module. On the other hand, the zero-crossing trigger signal is transmitted to the RC filter circuit composed of the fifth resistor R5 and the fifth capacitor C5. After filtering, high-frequency noise and signal jitter are eliminated, and it is converted into a stable zero-point signal and output through the zero-crossing signal output terminal 503. After receiving the stable zero-point signal, the microcontroller 204 immediately triggers the communication timing control logic, controlling the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 to transmit the data packet to be transmitted during the zero-crossing period (the period with the lowest voltage and the least interference) corresponding to the high-voltage AC power, thereby reducing the attenuation and interference during signal transmission and improving communication reliability.

[0053] When the HRF communication signal is stronger, the MCU main control chip will send data to the concentrator via HRF communication. Preferably, a suction cup antenna can be used for HRF communication (the suction cup antenna has a longer communication distance than a traditional glue rod antenna). When the HPLC communication signal is stronger, the MCU main control chip will send data to the power line via the HPLC circuit at the zero-crossing point acquired by the zero-crossing circuit, and then transmit it to the concentrator via the power line. C4 ensures the instantaneous power supply stability between the zero-crossing detection element and the optocoupler transformer. R4 limits the operating current on the input side of the optocoupler transformer to prevent damage due to overcurrent.

[0054] The zero-crossing detection circuit 510 connects to the power processing module 202 at two points, both of which should be the device input terminals for the third target DC power (3.3V) corresponding to the power processing module 202. The core function of the third target DC power input to the second pin of the optocoupler transformer 502 is to "provide operating power for specific functional devices," specifically manifested in: 1. Core power supply for the zero-crossing detection circuit: According to the connection relationship of the zero-crossing circuit, the third target DC power is directly connected to the second pin of the zero-crossing detection element and the second pin of the optocoupler transformer, providing operating voltage for these two core devices. This ensures that the zero-crossing detection element (low-power chip) can identify and judge the AC zero-point signal, and also provides energy support for the signal conversion on the input side of the optocoupler transformer; 2. Charging reference for the energy storage capacitor: The energy storage capacitor in the zero-crossing detection circuit... (Fourth capacitor) is charged through the rectifier diode integrated in the zero-crossing detection element. The charging target voltage is based on the third target DC voltage (3.3V) to ensure that the energy storage of the capacitor meets the instantaneous power supply requirements of the zero-crossing detection element and the optocoupler transformer at the zero-crossing moment, and avoids the loss of zero-point signal due to insufficient power supply; 3. Voltage consistency guarantee: The third target DC voltage (3.3V) and the power supply of the core control module (microcontroller unit MCU) of the data acquisition unit are from the same source (both are the third target DC voltage), ensuring that the working potential of the zero-crossing detection circuit is consistent with the signal level reference of the MCU, avoiding signal distortion caused by crossing voltage domains, and ensuring the accuracy of zero-point signal transmission.

[0055] Furthermore, the core function of the third target DC power input to the fourth pin of the optocoupler transformer 502 is focused on "providing standardized low-voltage power supply for the core control and communication module of the data acquisition unit," specifically manifested as follows: 1. Power supply core for the core control module: providing a stable operating voltage for the microcontroller unit (MCU), supporting the MCU to complete three core functions—receiving energy meter data collected by the RS485 interface communication circuit, evaluating the link quality of the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit / wireless radio frequency circuit and realizing primary / backup channel switching, and executing data verification and fault tolerance mechanisms; 2. Operating power supply for the wireless radio frequency circuit: providing an adapted low-power power supply for the wireless radio frequency circuit, ensuring that it maintains the pre-configuration of link parameters in standby hot standby mode, and can quickly... 1. Quickly wakes up and engages in data transmission, meeting the requirements for seamless switching between primary and backup channels; 2. Output side adaptation of zero-crossing detection circuit: provides power to the output side of the optocoupler transformer (the fourth pin of the optocoupler transformer is connected to the third target DC power), and at the same time, works with the fifth resistor and the fifth capacitor to form an RC anti-interference circuit to pull the zero-crossing signal up to 3.3V level, ensuring that the output zero-point signal matches the signal input level of the MCU and avoiding signal misjudgment; 3. Low power consumption and stability guarantee: 3.3V is a commonly used low power consumption voltage specification in embedded systems. The stable output of the third target DC power can reduce the overall power consumption of the acquisition unit, and at the same time provide reliable power support for key mechanisms such as data verification, power outage detection and reporting, avoiding functional abnormalities caused by power supply fluctuations.

[0056] To further explain, when the input voltage of the first pin of the zero-crossing detection chip 501 is greater than a preset threshold, the first pin converts the AC detection signal into a DC charging current through the internally integrated rectifier diode, charging and storing energy for the fourth capacitor C4; and the optocoupler transformer 502 remains in the off state, and the zero-crossing signal output terminal 503 outputs a low-level signal; when the input voltage of the first pin is less than the preset threshold, the internal path from the second pin to the third pin of the zero-crossing detection chip 501 is opened, the fourth capacitor C4 discharges and releases the stored energy; and the optocoupler transformer 502 is energized and conducts, and the optocoupler transformer 502 outputs a high-level signal through the zero-crossing signal output terminal 503, the high-level signal being a stable zero-point signal.

[0057] The core of this zero-crossing detection circuit relies on a voltage threshold judgment mechanism for precise control. The specific logic is as follows: The zero-crossing detection chip 501 monitors the divided AC detection signal input at the first pin in real time, and its built-in threshold judgment unit triggers different operating modes. When the input voltage is higher than the preset threshold, the rectifier diode integrated at the first pin of the chip conducts, converting the AC signal into DC charging current to charge the fourth capacitor C4. During this stage, the optocoupler transformer 502 remains off due to the lack of operating current, and the zero-crossing signal output terminal 503 continuously outputs a low level. When the input voltage is lower than the preset threshold (i.e., close to the AC zero-crossing point), the path from the second pin to the third pin inside the chip automatically opens, and the fourth capacitor C4 releases its stored energy to provide conduction current for the optocoupler transformer 502. After the optocoupler is energized and conducts, the signal is filtered by the fifth resistor R5 and the fifth capacitor C5, and the zero-crossing signal output terminal 503 outputs a high level. This high level is the stable zero-point signal characterizing the zero-crossing state, providing a precise basis for subsequent communication timing control.

[0058] As can be seen, in this embodiment, the charging and discharging control logic, which is precisely triggered by the voltage threshold, combined with the chip integrated rectification structure and optocoupler isolation design, achieves high-precision detection and stable output of the zero-crossing signal; the energy storage design of the fourth capacitor ensures the reliability of the optocoupler conduction and effectively avoids the interference of grid voltage fluctuations on the detection; the final stable zero-point signal output enables the microcontroller unit to precisely control the HPLC circuit to transmit at the optimal time, greatly improving the communication anti-interference capability and transmission stability, while the optocoupler isolation achieves strong and weak current isolation protection, improving the circuit safety and reliability.

[0059] Furthermore, the dual-mode data acquisition device 101 based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication provided in this application has been further improved on the basic data acquisition path to enhance the stability of data acquisition.

[0060] In one possible embodiment, verification information is appended to the data to be transmitted to form a transmission data frame; the transmission data frame is then transmitted to the concentrator via the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 or the wireless radio frequency circuit 206.

[0061] The transmission data frame is used to instruct the concentrator to perform a data verification operation. The data verification operation refers to the concentrator performing verification processing on the data to be transmitted in the transmission data frame, and determining and returning the comparison result. The comparison result is determined by the first verification information and the second verification information generated by the concentrator in performing the verification processing operation. The comparison result is used to characterize whether there is an anomaly in the current data transmission of the data to be transmitted.

[0062] The preset verification algorithm is the CRC-32 verification algorithm. The first verification information is generated by calculating the complete data to be transmitted using this algorithm, and includes data integrity verification features. The concentrator recalculates the received data to be transmitted using the same CRC-32 algorithm to obtain the second verification information. By comparing the consistency of the two, it can accurately identify whether there are any abnormalities such as loss, tampering or bit errors during the data transmission process.

[0063] As can be seen, in this embodiment, by designing a transmission frame structure of "data to be transmitted + CRC-32 check information" and leveraging the strong fault-tolerant identification capability of the check algorithm, bidirectional verification of the integrity of the transmitted data is achieved. This mechanism avoids the invalid reception and processing of damaged data, significantly improves the accuracy of data transmission, and provides a reliable foundation for subsequent data applications.

[0064] In one possible embodiment, the microcontroller unit 204 is further configured to trigger a data retransmission operation when the current data transmission is detected to be invalid, so as to control the current main communication channel to retransmit the data frame; if the number of retransmissions reaches a preset upper limit M and all of them are invalid transmissions, the data frame is marked as abnormal data and cached locally, and the system switches to the backup communication channel (the backup communication channel is the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 or the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205) for transmission attempt; if the transmission attempt fails, the system waits until the main communication channel or the backup communication channel is detected to be restored to normal before uploading the locally cached abnormal data.

[0065] Invalid transmission refers to the microcontroller 204 receiving a comparison result characterized as abnormal, or failing to receive a comparison result from the concentrator within a preset time T2. The main communication channel is either the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 or the wireless radio frequency circuit 206.

[0066] Invalid transmission refers to the microcontroller 204 receiving a comparison result characterized as abnormal, or failing to receive a comparison result from the concentrator within a preset time T2. The main communication channel is either a high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 or a wireless radio frequency circuit 206. The preset upper limit M is set to 3 times, which conforms to the data fault tolerance design logic in the disclosure document. The local cache adopts a non-volatile storage method to ensure that abnormal data is not lost after power failure. The channel recovery judgment is based on the continuous compliance of link status indicators (signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, etc.) to ensure the reliable subsequent uploading of cached data.

[0067] As can be seen, in this embodiment, the hierarchical fault tolerance mechanism of triggering retransmission due to invalid transmission and switching the buffer after retransmission failure, combined with the redundancy design of the main and backup channels, effectively solves the problem of data transmission failure caused by single-channel failure, instantaneous power grid interference or communication delay. At the same time, the local caching mechanism avoids the omission of abnormal data, significantly improves the continuity and reliability of data transmission, and fully meets the high fault tolerance and high integrity requirements of smart grid for data acquisition.

[0068] Furthermore, please refer to the following: Figure 6 Let's introduce the specific circuit architecture of the power outage protection module 610. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a power outage protection module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 As shown, the various components in the power outage protection module 610, and the connections between them, are as follows: The data acquisition unit also includes a power outage protection module 610, which includes an overcapacity energy storage unit 601, a voltage boosting unit 602, and a power outage detection unit 603. The output of the AC-to-DC module 201 is connected to the input of the power outage detection unit 603, the input of the overcapacity energy storage unit 601 is connected to the output of the AC-to-DC module 201, the output of the overcapacity energy storage unit 601 is connected to the input of the voltage boosting unit 602, the output of the voltage boosting unit 602 is connected to the input of the power processing module 202, and the power outage detection unit 603 establishes a bidirectional communication connection with the microcontroller unit 204. Based on the connection relationships between the various components and the circuit working principle in the power outage protection module 610 described above, the functions of each module are described as follows: The supercapacity energy storage unit 601 is used to receive and store the electrical energy output by the AC to DC module 201 when the external power supply line is supplying power normally. The power failure detection unit 603 is used to monitor the output voltage of the AC to DC module 201 in real time. When it is determined that the external power supply line is cut off based on the output voltage, it sends a power failure trigger signal to the microcontroller unit 204. The voltage boost unit 602 is used to respond to the power failure trigger signal and provide emergency power supply with the corresponding working voltage to the microcontroller unit 204, the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205, and the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 through the power processing module 202, using the low-voltage electrical energy stored in the supercapacity energy storage unit 601.

[0069] The core of the supercapacitor energy storage unit 601 is a supercapacitor component, which can be configured with supporting charging management and overcharge / over-discharge protection mechanisms. Under normal power supply, the electrical energy output from the AC-to-DC module 201 is processed by the charging management mechanism to charge the capacitor. The protection mechanism monitors the energy storage status in real time to avoid abnormal conditions such as overcharging or over-discharging. Secondly, the power failure detection unit 603 constructs monitoring logic based on the voltage comparison principle, presets a judgment threshold that matches the normal output voltage of the AC-to-DC module, compares the module's output voltage with the threshold in real time, and is equipped with an anti-jitter processing mechanism to avoid misjudgments caused by instantaneous fluctuations in the power grid. Finally, the voltage boosting unit 602 adopts an adapted boost topology, with a boost control circuit at its core. After responding to the power failure trigger signal, it automatically starts boosting, raising the low-voltage electrical energy stored in the supercapacitor energy storage unit to the standard voltage required by the power processing module 202. It also has a built-in voltage regulation mechanism to ensure stable output voltage and meet the power supply requirements of each core module.

[0070] As can be seen, in this embodiment, the power outage protection module 610 relies on the energy storage characteristics of supercapacitors to achieve emergency power reserve. Through precise power outage detection and rapid voltage boost regulation, it achieves seamless switching of emergency power supply after external power outage. The protection and voltage stabilization mechanisms of each unit ensure the reliability and safety of emergency power supply, ensuring that the key functions of core modules such as microcontroller and communication circuits are not interrupted after power outage, and providing stable power support for the normal transmission of power outage and restoration information.

[0071] Furthermore, the microcontroller unit 204 is also used to receive and respond to a power failure trigger signal during a first preset time period, enter a low-power mode to reduce energy loss; during a second preset time period, wake up from the low-power mode to the working mode to collect the identification information and power outage / restoration status information of the energy meter 102, complete message encapsulation to generate an encapsulated fault message, and re-enter the low-power mode; during a third preset time period, after waking up from the low-power mode to the working mode, control the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 and the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 to synchronously send the encapsulated fault message to the concentrator; and send a sleep signal to the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 to control the wireless radio frequency circuit 206 to enter a sleep state; during a fourth preset time period, after receiving a message reception confirmation signal from the concentrator based on the encapsulated fault message, send a shutdown signal to the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 to control the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit 205 to stop working and to enter a sleep state itself.

[0072] Among them, the sum of the durations of the first preset time period, the second preset time period, the third preset time period, and the fourth preset time period is less than or equal to the power supply duration of the emergency power supply.

[0073] When the microcontroller unit 204 enters low-power mode, it reduces energy consumption by shutting down unnecessary peripherals and adjusting operating parameters. After waking up, it collects the core information of the energy meter 102 according to the preset communication protocol. The fault message is encapsulated in a standard format to ensure information integrity and identifiability. The synchronous transmission of the fault message is achieved by coordinating the operation of the two communication circuits. The sleep signal and the shutdown signal are adapted control signals that trigger the corresponding communication circuit to enter the low-power sleep state or stop working. The duration settings of the four preset time periods are based on the total duration of emergency power supply planning, with sufficient redundancy reserved to ensure that all critical operations are completed before the emergency power supply is exhausted.

[0074] For example, the microcontroller 204 has a first preset time period of 100ms, a second preset time period of 300ms, a third preset time period of 200ms, and a fourth preset time period of 150ms. The sum of the durations of the first to fourth preset time periods is 750ms, which is the emergency power supply duration (example: 3s), ensuring that the total is less than or equal to the emergency power supply duration. When the microcontroller 204 enters low-power mode, it shuts down unnecessary peripherals, reducing power consumption from 20mA in operating mode to 500μA, thereby reducing energy loss. After waking up, it collects electricity meter information according to the corresponding power industry standard protocol, and the fault message is encapsulated in a standard format (including a checksum). Synchronous transmission is achieved through pin-based collaborative control, with sleep and shutdown signals being adapted level signals. The durations of the four time periods are planned based on a total emergency power supply duration of 3s, reserving sufficient redundancy.

[0075] As can be seen, in this embodiment, the utilization efficiency of emergency power is maximized and unnecessary energy waste is avoided by using time-sharing wake-up and low-power management strategies; the dual communication circuits send fault messages synchronously, forming a "dual-channel backup" mechanism, which greatly reduces the risk of power outage and restoration information transmission failure due to single-channel failure; the design of gradually shutting down the communication circuit and its own hibernation further reduces energy consumption and ensures the completion of critical information transmission; the entire timing plan strictly matches the emergency power supply duration, ensuring reliable reporting of fault information after power outage from the process level, and improving the environmental adaptability and data transmission integrity of the data acquisition device in power outage scenarios.

[0076] As can be seen, this application utilizes a dual-mode architecture of "HPLC+HRF," coupled with pre-configured hot standby for primary and backup channels and dynamic link evaluation switching, to solve the problems of single-mode communication being limited and prone to interruption. This adapts to multiple scenarios and improves transmission continuity. The branch power supply processing module, combined with voltage regulation and filtering design, reduces cross-module interference and ensures stable operation of the core circuit. Zero-crossing detection technology allows HPLC to transmit during periods of minimal grid interference, reducing the bit error rate. CRC-32 verification, retransmission, and abnormal data caching mechanisms enhance data transmission fault tolerance. The power outage protection module relies on overcapacity energy storage and low-power time-segmented reporting to ensure that critical information is not lost after a power outage. Overall, this achieves reliable communication, stable power supply, and complete data, fully meeting the high adaptability, high reliability, and high continuity acquisition and transmission requirements of smart grids.

[0077] Furthermore, this application also provides a microcontroller that performs all the steps of any microcontroller unit.

[0078] Furthermore, this application also provides a terminal device, including any of the dual-mode data acquisition devices based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication as described in the above embodiments.

[0079] It should be understood that any solutions and products implemented based on the aforementioned multi-band radio frequency transceiver circuit should fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0080] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is used as an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0081] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication, characterized in that, include: The system includes a microcontroller unit, an RS485 interface communication circuit, a wireless radio frequency circuit, a high-speed power line carrier communication circuit, an AC-to-DC converter, and a power supply module; among which, The input terminal of the AC-to-DC module is connected to an external power supply line, and the output terminal of the AC-to-DC module is connected to the input terminal of the power processing module. The output terminal of the power processing module is connected to the input terminal of the RS485 interface communication circuit, the input terminal of the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit, the input terminal of the wireless radio frequency circuit, and the input terminal of the microcontroller unit. The microcontroller unit establishes bidirectional communication connections with the wireless radio frequency circuit, the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit, and the RS485 interface communication circuit, respectively. The AC-to-DC module is used to convert the high-voltage AC power output from the external power supply line into low-voltage DC power, and to output the low-voltage DC power to the power processing module. The power processing module is used to receive and process the low-voltage DC power to output target DC power adapted to the corresponding operating voltage to the RS485 interface communication circuit, the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit, the wireless radio frequency circuit, and the microcontroller unit, respectively. The RS485 interface communication circuit establishes a bidirectional communication connection with the energy meter, and is used to collect the metering data and status information of the energy meter, and to transmit the metering data and status information to the microcontroller unit. The microcontroller unit is used to receive and process the metering data and the status information to obtain a data packet to be transmitted; and to acquire the link status indicators of the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit and the wireless radio frequency circuit to select to output the data packet to be transmitted to the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit or the wireless radio frequency circuit. The high-speed power line carrier communication circuit establishes a bidirectional communication connection with the external power supply line, and is used to transmit the data packet to be transmitted output by the microcontroller to the concentrator through the external power supply line. The wireless radio frequency circuit establishes a bidirectional communication connection with the antenna, and is used to transmit the data packet to be transmitted output by the microcontroller unit to the concentrator through the antenna.

2. The dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power processing module includes a first low-dropout linear regulator, a second low-dropout linear regulator, and a DC-to-DC converter; wherein... The output terminal of the AC-to-DC module is connected to the input terminal of the first low-dropout linear regulator, the input terminal of the second low-dropout linear regulator, and the input terminal of the DC-to-DC module, respectively. The output terminal of the first low-dropout linear regulator is connected to the input terminal of the RS485 interface communication circuit. The output terminal of the second low-dropout linear regulator is connected to the input terminal of the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit. The output terminal of the DC-to-DC module is connected to the input terminal of the wireless radio frequency circuit and the input terminal of the microcontroller unit, respectively. The power processing module is configured to perform a step-down conversion and a voltage regulation operation on the low-voltage DC power through the first low-dropout linear regulator, so as to output a first target DC power to the RS485 interface communication circuit, wherein the voltage of the first target DC power corresponds to the operating voltage of the RS485 interface communication circuit; and, The second low-dropout linear regulator performs voltage regulation for the low-voltage DC power to output a second target DC power to the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit, the voltage of which corresponds to the operating voltage of the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit; and, The DC-to-DC module performs a step-down conversion and voltage regulation operation on the low-voltage DC power to output a third target DC power to the wireless radio frequency circuit and the microcontroller unit, respectively. The voltage of the third target DC power corresponds to the operating voltage of the wireless radio frequency circuit and the microcontroller unit.

3. The dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first low-dropout linear regulator includes a first voltage regulator chip and a first capacitor, wherein the first terminal of the first voltage regulator chip is connected to the output terminal of the AC to DC module, the second terminal of the first voltage regulator chip is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor and the input terminal of the RS485 interface communication circuit, and the third terminal of the first voltage regulator chip and the second terminal of the first capacitor are respectively grounded. The second low-dropout linear regulator includes a second voltage regulator chip, a second capacitor, and a third capacitor. The first terminal of the second voltage regulator chip is connected to the output terminal of the AC-to-DC module and the first terminal of the second capacitor. The second terminal of the second voltage regulator chip is connected to the first terminal of the third capacitor and the input terminal of the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit. The second terminal of the second capacitor, the third terminal of the second voltage regulator chip, and the second terminal of the third capacitor are all grounded. The first low-dropout linear regulator is used to receive the low-voltage DC power input from the AC to DC module. After the first voltage regulator chip performs the step-down conversion operation and the voltage regulation operation, the first capacitor suppresses the output voltage ripple so as to output a stable first target DC power to the RS485 interface communication circuit. The second low-dropout linear regulator is used to receive the low-voltage DC power input from the AC-to-DC module, filter out high-frequency interference signals in the low-voltage DC power through the second capacitor, and after the second voltage regulator chip performs the voltage regulation operation, suppress the output voltage ripple through the third capacitor, so as to output a stable second target DC power to the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit.

4. The dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcontroller unit is also used for: The high-speed power line carrier communication circuit is configured as the main communication channel, and the wireless radio frequency circuit is configured as the backup communication channel. The main communication channel has a higher priority for transmitting the data packet to be transmitted than the backup communication channel. The wireless radio frequency circuit is in standby mode and the communication link parameters are pre-configured. as well as, The link status indicators are collected periodically according to a preset cycle duration to determine the link quality comparison results. The link quality comparison results are used to indicate the relationship between the quality of the first link of the main communication channel and the quality of the second link of the backup communication channel. If the link quality comparison results of a first predetermined number of consecutive determined links all indicate that the quality of the second link is higher than that of the first link, then the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit is switched to the backup communication channel, and the wireless radio frequency circuit is switched to the main communication channel. When the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit is configured as the backup communication channel and the wireless radio frequency circuit is configured as the main communication channel, if a second predetermined number of consecutive link quality comparison results all indicate that the quality of the first link is higher than that of the second link, then the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit is switched to the main communication channel and the wireless radio frequency circuit is switched to the backup communication channel.

5. The dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dual-mode data acquisition unit based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication further includes a zero-crossing detection circuit, which comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, a zero-crossing detection chip, and an optical coupling transformer; wherein, The first end of the first resistor is connected to the live wire of the external power supply line; the second end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the second resistor; the second end of the second resistor is connected to the first end of the third resistor; the second end of the third resistor is connected to the first pin of the zero-crossing detection chip; the second pin of the zero-crossing detection chip, the first end of the fourth resistor, and the second pin of the optocoupler are all connected to the power processing module; the second end of the fourth resistor and the first pin of the optocoupler are connected to the first end of the fourth capacitor; the second end of the fourth capacitor and the third pin of the zero-crossing detection chip are connected to the neutral wire of the external power supply line; and the third pin of the optocoupler is connected to the first end of the fifth resistor and the first end of the fifth capacitor, which are connected to the zero-crossing signal output terminal; the fourth pin of the optocoupler is connected to the power processing module; and the second end of the fifth capacitor and the second end of the fifth resistor are respectively grounded. The zero-crossing detection circuit is used to divide the high-voltage AC power output from the external power supply line through the first resistor, the second resistor, and the third resistor, providing a suitable AC detection signal for the zero-crossing detection chip; and, The zero-crossing detection chip identifies the AC zero-crossing state of the external power supply line through the AC detection signal, generates a zero-crossing trigger signal, and outputs the zero-crossing trigger signal to the optocoupler transformer; and, The optocoupler receives and responds to the zero-crossing trigger signal, performs electrical isolation between the external power supply line and the microcontroller unit, and after filtering by the fifth resistor and the fifth capacitor, converts the zero-crossing trigger signal into a stable zero-point signal, and outputs the stable zero-point signal through the zero-crossing signal output terminal. The microcontroller unit is also used to receive and respond to the stable zero-point signal, and control the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit to transmit the data packet to be transmitted during the zero-crossing period corresponding to the high-voltage AC power output from the external power supply line.

6. The dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the input voltage of the first pin of the zero-crossing detection chip is greater than a preset threshold, the first pin converts the AC detection signal into a DC charging current through the internally integrated rectifier diode to charge and store energy for the fourth capacitor; and the optocoupler remains in the off state, and the zero-crossing signal output terminal outputs a low-level signal. When the input voltage of the first pin is less than the preset threshold, the internal path from the second pin to the third pin of the zero-crossing detection chip is opened, the fourth capacitor discharges and releases stored energy; and the optocoupler is energized and conducts, and the optocoupler outputs a high-level signal through the zero-crossing signal output terminal, the high-level signal being the stable zero-point signal.

7. The dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The microcontroller unit is further configured to perform a verification processing operation on the data to be transmitted using a preset verification algorithm after obtaining the data to be transmitted, so as to generate first verification information; The verification information is appended to the data to be transmitted to form a transmission data frame; The transmission data frame is transmitted to the concentrator via the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit or the wireless radio frequency circuit. The transmission data frame is used to instruct the concentrator to perform a data verification operation. The data verification operation refers to the concentrator performing the verification processing operation on the data to be transmitted in the transmission data frame, and determining and returning the comparison result. The comparison result is determined by the first verification information and the second verification information generated by the concentrator performing the verification processing operation. The comparison result is used to characterize whether there is an anomaly in the current data transmission of the data to be transmitted.

8. The dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication according to claim 7, characterized in that, The microcontroller unit is also used to trigger a data retransmission operation when the current data transmission is detected to be invalid, so as to control the current main communication channel to retransmit the transmitted data frame. The invalid transmission means that the microcontroller unit receives the comparison result characterized as abnormal, or does not receive the comparison result fed back by the concentrator within a preset time. The main communication channel is the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit or the wireless radio frequency circuit. If the number of retransmissions reaches the preset limit and all of them are invalid transmissions, the transmitted data frame is marked as abnormal data and cached locally, and the system switches to the backup communication channel to attempt transmission. If the transmission attempt fails, the abnormal data cached locally will be uploaded after the main communication channel or the backup communication channel is detected to be back to normal.

9. The dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The data acquisition unit also includes a power outage protection module, which comprises an overcapacity energy storage unit, a voltage boosting unit, and a power outage detection unit; wherein... The output terminal of the AC-to-DC module is connected to the input terminal of the power failure detection unit, the input terminal of the supercapacitive energy storage unit is connected to the output terminal of the AC-to-DC module, the output terminal of the supercapacitive energy storage unit is connected to the input terminal of the voltage boost unit, the output terminal of the voltage boost unit is connected to the input terminal of the power processing module, and the power failure detection unit establishes a bidirectional communication connection with the microcontroller unit. The supercapacity energy storage unit is used to receive and store the electrical energy output by the AC to DC module when the external power supply line is supplying power normally. The power failure detection unit is used to monitor the output voltage of the AC to DC module in real time. When it is determined that the external power supply line is de-energized based on the output voltage, a power failure trigger signal is sent to the microcontroller unit. The voltage boost unit is used to respond to the power failure trigger signal and provide emergency power supply adapted to the corresponding operating voltage to the microcontroller unit, the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit, and the wireless radio frequency circuit through the power processing module.

10. The dual-mode data acquisition device based on radio frequency communication and carrier communication according to claim 9, characterized in that, The microcontroller unit is also used to receive and respond to the power failure trigger signal during a first preset time period, and enter a low-power mode to reduce energy consumption. During the second preset time period, the system wakes up from the low-power mode to the working mode to collect the identification information and power outage / restoration status information of the energy meter, completes message encapsulation to generate an encapsulated fault message, and re-enters the low-power mode. During the third preset time period, after waking up from the low-power mode to the working mode, the encapsulated fault message is synchronously sent to the concentrator to control the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit and the wireless radio frequency circuit; and a sleep signal is sent to the wireless radio frequency circuit to control the wireless radio frequency circuit to enter a sleep state. Within the fourth preset time period, after receiving the message reception confirmation signal from the concentrator based on the encapsulated fault message, a shutdown signal is sent to the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit to control the high-speed power line carrier communication circuit to stop working and enter a sleep state. The sum of the durations of the first preset time period, the second preset time period, the third preset time period, and the fourth preset time period is less than or equal to the power supply duration of the emergency power supply.

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