Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the photovoltaic field, and provides a photovoltaic module, which comprises back plate glass, the back plate glass comprises a plurality of lead areas, at least one lead area comprises a plurality of lead holes, the number of the lead holes is the same as the group number of lead-out wires of the photovoltaic module, and each group of lead-out wires comprises one or two lead-out wires. The photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the invention at least can improve the problem of poor stress resistance strength of the back glass of the photovoltaic module in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaics, and in particular to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] In the existing design of photovoltaic multi-cell modules, in order to adapt to the change in circuit structure, the back lead wires have evolved from the traditional three-hole layout with two wires per hole to a two-hole lead wire structure. However, this may lead to a significant decrease in the local strength of the glass. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a photovoltaic module that at least helps to improve the problem of poor stress resistance of the back glass of photovoltaic modules in the prior art.

[0004] According to some embodiments of this application, one aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic module, including: a backsheet glass, the backsheet glass including a plurality of lead regions, at least one of the lead regions including a plurality of lead holes, the number of lead holes being the same as the number of sets of lead wires of the photovoltaic module, and each set of lead wires including one or two lead wires.

[0005] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a first battery string group, a second battery string group, and a third battery string group connected in series, wherein each of the first battery string group, the second battery string group, and the third battery string group includes a plurality of battery strings connected in parallel.

[0006] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a first busbar, a second busbar, a third busbar, a fourth busbar, an intermediate busbar, a first lead, and a second lead. Two adjacent battery strings in a first direction are electrically connected through the intermediate busbar. The first battery string group and the second battery string group are connected in series through the first busbar and the second busbar. The first lead is electrically connected to the first busbar and the second busbar at the electrical connection points of the first battery string group and the second battery string group, respectively. The two ends of the third battery string group are electrically connected to the third busbar and the fourth busbar, respectively. The second lead is electrically connected to the third busbar, the fourth busbar, and the first lead, respectively. The first direction is the length direction of the photovoltaic module.

[0007] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a first lead group, a second lead group, a third lead group, and a fourth lead group, wherein the first lead group includes two leads derived from the intermediate busbar in the first cell string group, the second lead group includes two leads derived from the intermediate busbar in the second cell string group, the third lead group includes leads derived from the first lead, and the fourth lead group includes two leads derived from the intermediate busbar in the third cell string group.

[0008] In some embodiments, a plurality of lead holes in at least one of the lead regions are arranged in a triangular shape, the lead holes including a first lead hole, a second lead hole and a third lead hole, the lead of the first lead group is bent and led out from the first lead hole, the lead of the second lead group is bent and led out from the second lead hole, and the lead of the third lead group is bent and led out from the third lead hole.

[0009] In some embodiments, the extension direction of the first lead wire group and the second lead wire group after being led out is the first direction, and the extension direction of at least one of the first lead wire hole and the second lead wire hole is the first direction.

[0010] In some embodiments, the extension direction of the third lead group after being led out is the second direction, the extension direction of the third lead hole is the first direction, or the third lead hole is a circular hole, and the second direction is the width direction of the photovoltaic module.

[0011] In some embodiments, the lead hole includes at least one of the following: a round hole and an elliptical hole.

[0012] In some embodiments, the radius of the circular hole is 2~5mm.

[0013] In some embodiments, the minor axis of the elliptical hole is 0.1~2mm, and the major axis is 2~4mm.

[0014] The technical solution provided in this application has at least the following advantages:

[0015] The photovoltaic module of this application features multiple lead-in areas on the backsheet glass, with at least one lead-in area containing multiple lead-in holes. The number of lead-in holes corresponds one-to-one with the number of lead-out groups in the photovoltaic module. Each lead-out group consists of one or two lead-out wires, allowing each group of lead-out wires to be independently threaded through its dedicated lead-in hole. This avoids the localized stress concentration caused by multiple lead-out groups converging through a single large hole, effectively dispersing the mechanical stress borne by the backsheet glass in the lead-in areas. This reduces the risk of stress distortion and cracking caused by mismatch between the lead-out wires and the openings, thereby comprehensively improving the overall bending strength of the backsheet glass. Furthermore, the lead-in hole design of this application can reduce the opening area, retaining more glass and improving its stability. This allows the glass to withstand greater stress, solving the problem of poor stress resistance in existing multi-segment modules due to unreasonable backsheet opening design. This achieves enhanced reliability of the backsheet glass structure and stability of the photovoltaic module through structural optimization without increasing material thickness or changing the glass material. Attached Figure Description

[0016] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the drawings in the accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on scale. In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or in the conventional art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of another photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application.

[0022] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0023] 01. First lead group; 02. Second lead group; 03. Third lead group; 04. Fourth lead group; 10. Backplate glass; 11. Lead hole; 111. First lead hole; 112. Second lead hole; 113. Third lead hole; 114. Fourth lead hole; 21. Solar cell; 22. Encapsulating film; 23. Front glass; 24. Conductive strip; 31. First battery string group; 32. Second battery string group; 33. Third battery string group; 34. Battery string; 41. First bus bar; 42. Second bus bar; 43. Third bus bar; 44. Fourth bus bar; 45. Intermediate bus bar; 46. First lead; 47. Second lead; 51. First bypass diode; 52. Second bypass diode; 53. Third bypass diode. Detailed Implementation

[0024] As can be seen from the background technology, in the existing design of photovoltaic multi-cell modules, in order to adapt to the change in circuit structure, the back lead wires have evolved from the traditional three-hole layout with two wires per hole to a two-hole lead wire structure. However, this may lead to a significant decrease in the local strength of the glass.

[0025] This application provides a photovoltaic module, including: a backsheet glass, the backsheet glass including multiple lead areas, at least one lead area including multiple lead holes, the number of lead holes being the same as the number of lead groups of the photovoltaic module, and each lead group including one or two leads.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0027] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0028] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the related objects before and after it have an "or" relationship.

[0029] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] In the accompanying drawings corresponding to the embodiments of this application, the thickness and area of ​​the layers are enlarged for better understanding and ease of description. When describing a component (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) on or on the surface of another component, the component may be "directly" located on the surface of the other component, or there may be a third component between the two components. Conversely, when describing a component on the surface of another component, or when another component is formed or disposed on the surface of a component, it indicates that there is no third component between the two components. Furthermore, when describing a component as being "generally" formed on another component, it means that the component is not formed on the entire surface (or front surface) of the other component, nor is it formed on a portion of the edge of the entire surface.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of this application, when a component "includes" another component, other components are not excluded unless otherwise stated, and other components may be further included. Furthermore, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being "on / located" on another component, it can be "directly on" the other component (i.e., located on the surface of the other component with no other components between them), or another component may be present therein. Moreover, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is "directly located" on another component, or when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is located on the surface of another component, it indicates that no other components are located therein.

[0034] The terminology used in the description of the various embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various embodiments and the appended claims, the word "part" is also intended to include the plural form, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Components include layers, films, regions, or plates, etc.

[0035] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details have been provided in the embodiments of this application to facilitate a better understanding of the application. However, the technical solutions claimed in this application can be implemented even without these technical details and various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments.

[0036] One embodiment of this application proposes a photovoltaic module, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a backsheet glass 10, the backsheet glass 10 includes multiple lead regions, at least one lead region includes multiple lead holes 11, the number of lead holes 11 is the same as the number of lead groups of the photovoltaic module, and each lead group includes one or two leads.

[0037] The photovoltaic module of this application features multiple lead holes on the backsheet glass, with the number of holes corresponding one-to-one with the number of lead groups in the module. This allows each lead group to be independently threaded through its dedicated lead hole, avoiding the localized stress concentration caused by multiple lead groups converging through a single large hole in traditional methods. This effectively disperses the mechanical stress borne by the backsheet glass in the lead area, reducing the risk of stress distortion and cracking due to mismatch between the lead and the opening, thus comprehensively improving the overall bending strength of the backsheet glass. Furthermore, the lead hole design of this application can reduce the opening area, retaining more glass and improving its stability. This allows the glass to withstand greater stress, solving the problem of poor stress resistance in existing multi-cell modules due to unreasonable backsheet glass opening design. It achieves enhanced reliability of the backsheet glass structure and stability of the photovoltaic module through structural optimization without increasing material thickness or changing the glass material.

[0038] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the photovoltaic module also includes: a cell string composed of multiple solar cells 21 connected together; an encapsulating film 22 covering the surface of the cell string; a front glass 23 covering the encapsulating film 22 on the front side of the cell string; and a back glass 10 covering the encapsulating film 22 on the front side of the cell string. The solar cells 21 are electrically connected to each other via conductive strips 24, which are welded to the electrodes on the solar cells. The glass cover includes the aforementioned back glass. Figure 2 The solar cell 21 can be any one of the following: Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon), Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer (HJT), and Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC). Figure 3 The solar cell 21 can be any one of the following: multi-busbar (MBB) all-back contact cell, interdigitated back contact (IBC), all-back contact (ABC), and hybrid passivated back contact (HPBC). The above cell types are merely examples and are not limited to these types.

[0039] For PERC cells, along their thickness direction, the layers sequentially include a front surface silver electrode, a front surface silicon nitride passivation layer, a phosphorus emitter layer, a P-type substrate silicon layer, a local aluminum back field, a metallic aluminum back electrode, and a back passivation layer (Al2O3 / SiN). x Because PERC cells use a passivation film to passivate the back surface instead of an all-aluminum back surface, light reflection within the silicon substrate is enhanced, reducing the recombination rate on the back surface and thus improving the cell efficiency by 0.5% to 1%.

[0040] For a TOPCon battery, along its thickness direction, the layers sequentially include a silver electrode, a front-surface silicon nitride passivation layer, a boron-doped emitter, an N-type substrate silicon layer, a diffused doped layer, an ultrathin silicon oxide layer, doped polycrystalline silicon, silicon nitride, and the silver electrode. The back of the battery consists of an ultrathin silicon oxide layer (1nm–2nm) and a phosphorus-doped microcrystalline amorphous mixed Si film, which together form a passivation contact structure. This structure blocks minority carrier recombination, increasing the battery's open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. The ultrathin oxide layer allows majority carrier electrons to tunnel into the polycrystalline silicon layer while simultaneously blocking minority carrier recombination. The excellent passivation effect of the ultrathin silicon oxide and heavily doped silicon film causes band bending on the silicon wafer surface, creating a field passivation effect. This significantly increases the probability of electron tunneling, reduces contact resistance, and thus improves the battery's open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current, thereby enhancing the battery's conversion efficiency.

[0041] For HJT cells, along their thickness direction, they sequentially include a front low-temperature silver electrode, a front conductive film, an N-type amorphous silicon film, an intrinsic amorphous silicon film, an N-type substrate silicon layer, an intrinsic amorphous silicon film, a P-type amorphous silicon film, a back conductive film, and a back low-temperature silver electrode.

[0042] For IBC cells, along their thickness direction, they consist of, in sequence, a silicon nitride inverse layer, an N-type inverse layer, and an N-type inverse layer. + Front surface field, N-type substrate silicon layer, P + Emitter, N + The structure consists of a back contact layer, an alumina passivation layer, a silicon nitride antireflection layer, and a silver electrode. IBC cells utilize ion implantation technology to achieve uniform P- and N-regions with precise and controllable junction depth. The absence of grid lines on the front side eliminates light-blocking current loss from the metal electrodes, maximizing the utilization of incident photons and improving short-circuit current by approximately 7% compared to conventional solar cells. Furthermore, the back contact structure eliminates grid line shading concerns, allowing for a wider grid line ratio, reducing series resistance, achieving a high fill factor, and enabling optimized design of surface passivation and light-trapping structures, resulting in lower front-surface recombination rates and surface reflection.

[0043] For multi-busbar solar cells, multiple busbars are arranged on the cell surface to collect current, shortening the current conduction path and reducing internal losses, thereby increasing the power output of the multi-busbar solar cell. As the number of busbars increases, the cross-sectional area of ​​the busbars and conductive strips decreases, and the encapsulant layer becomes thinner, thus reducing the production cost of photovoltaic modules. With an increase in the number of busbars, the number of fine grids can be reduced accordingly, further lowering the production cost of the solar cell.

[0044] The aforementioned encapsulating films can be organic encapsulating films such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB) films, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) films, polyvinyl octene elastomer (POE) films, or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films; alternatively, they can be EP films, EPE films, or PVP films. Specifically, EP films refer to co-extruded films composed of stacked EVA and POE films; EPE films refer to co-extruded films formed by sequentially stacking EVA, POE, and EVA films; and PVP films refer to co-extruded films formed by stacking POE, EVA, and POE films. Co-extruded films can be manufactured by sequentially extruding one or more raw materials onto another pre-made film during the film processing, or by bonding different types of pre-made films together.

[0045] Multiple solar cells in a solar string can be welded together using a lap-welding technique, with adjacent cells overlapping each other. The overlap area can range from 0.2mm to 0.6mm. Solder strips are placed in the overlap area of ​​adjacent cells, connecting them in series to form a solar string. Connecting multiple cells in a string through lap-welding reduces the spacing between cells, increases the area of ​​the cells within the photovoltaic module, and thus increases the effective light-absorbing area, ultimately improving the power generation of the photovoltaic module. Because of the overlapping arrangement of adjacent cells and the presence of solder strips in the overlap area, stress concentration can easily occur in this area during lamination. Therefore, a buffer layer can be placed in the overlap area of ​​adjacent cells to reduce the possibility of microcracks during lamination.

[0046] The surface of the glass cover facing the encapsulating film can be an uneven surface or a textured surface with multiple raised structures, which can increase the utilization rate of incident light.

[0047] The solar cells can be bi-cell, tri-cell, quad-cell, or hexa-cell cells, etc. This application uses a quad-cell cell as an example. A complete solar cell is divided into four equal parts to form a quad-cell cell. The length of the cell can be 182.3 mm, and the width can be between 46.675 mm and 53.25 mm, so that the string length of the solar cell formed by multiple cells meets the creepage distance required by the photovoltaic module, ensuring the normal operation of the photovoltaic module. In some optional embodiments, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the photovoltaic module also includes a first battery string group 31, a second battery string group 32, and a third battery string group 33 connected in series. Each of these groups includes multiple parallel battery strings 34. Each of the aforementioned first, second, and third battery string groups 31 and 32 includes an upper battery cell and a lower battery cell. The upper and lower battery cells form a symmetrical structure arranged along the central busbar as the axis of symmetry, exhibiting both spatial and polarity symmetry. Since the upper and lower battery cells of each battery string group form a total of four parallel battery strings, a four-segment circuit can be designed to meet current requirements. In this embodiment, one electrode of the first battery string group 31 is schematically selected as the negative electrode, making the photovoltaic module as a whole with the left side negative and the right side positive. Alternatively, depending on the actual situation, this electrode can also be selected as the positive electrode, making the photovoltaic module as a whole with the right side negative and the left side positive; no specific limitation is made.

[0048] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the photovoltaic module also includes a first busbar 41, a second busbar 42, a third busbar 43, a fourth busbar 44, an intermediate busbar 45, a first lead 46, and a second lead 47. Two adjacent battery strings in the first direction X are electrically connected through the intermediate busbar 45. The first battery string group 31 and the second battery string group 32 are connected in series through the first busbar 41 and the second busbar 42. The first lead 46 is electrically connected to the first busbar 41 and the second busbar 42 at the electrical connection points of the first battery string group 31 and the second battery string group 32, respectively. The two ends of the third battery string group 33 are electrically connected to the third busbar 43 and the fourth busbar 44, respectively. The second lead 47 is electrically connected to the third busbar 43, the fourth busbar 44, and the first lead 46, respectively. The first direction X is the length direction of the photovoltaic module. By providing a first busbar 41 and a second busbar 42 at both ends of the first battery string group 31 and the second battery string group 32, respectively, the two ends of the first battery string group 31 and the second battery string group 32 are electrically connected to the first busbar 41 and the second busbar 42, thereby enabling the first battery string group 31 and the second battery string group 32 to be connected in series. The third busbar 43 and the fourth busbar 44 located at both ends of the third battery string group 33 in the first direction X are both electrically connected to the intermediate busbar 45 located within the first battery string group 31 or the second battery string group 32, thereby enabling the first battery string group 31, the second battery string group 32, and the third battery string group 33 to be connected in series. The thickness of the intermediate busbar can be 0.2~0.4mm. A first lead 46 is also provided between the first battery string group 31 and the second battery string group 32, so that the first lead 46 is electrically connected to the first busbar 41 and the second busbar 42. A second lead 47 is provided between the second battery string group 32 and the third battery string group 33 to electrically connect the third bus bar 43 and the fourth bus bar 44. The second lead 47 is also electrically connected to the intermediate bus bar 45 located in the second battery string group 32, thereby enabling the series connection between the third battery string group 33 and the second battery string group 32, and further enabling the series connection of the first battery string group 31, the second battery string group 32 and the third battery string group 33.

[0049] like Figure 4As shown, the photovoltaic module also includes a first bypass diode 51, a second bypass diode 52, and a third bypass diode 53. The first battery string group 31 is connected in reverse parallel to the first bypass diode 51 via a first lead 46. This allows a first lead 46 to be provided between the first battery string group 31 and the second battery string group 32, electrically connecting the first busbar 41 and the second busbar 42. This enables the first bypass diode 51 to be connected in reverse parallel to the first battery string group 31 via the first lead 46 (i.e., the first bypass diode 51 and the first battery string group 31...). (Parallel, but with opposite polarities) When a cell in any cell string in the first cell string group 31 is shaded or malfunctions, resulting in a hot spot effect (i.e., some cells in the photovoltaic module have a short-circuit current less than the module's operating current due to shading, cracking, etc., causing these cells to be in a reverse bias state and consume the energy generated by other areas), the first bypass diode 51 can form a forward bias voltage, allowing the current to bypass the shaded or malfunctioning cell string and flow through the first bypass diode 51, without affecting the normal power generation of other cell strings in the first cell string group 31.

[0050] The second battery string group 32 is connected in reverse parallel to the second bypass diode 52 through the first lead 46. This allows the second battery string group 32 to be connected in reverse parallel to the second bypass diode 52 through the first lead 46 (i.e., the second bypass diode 52 is connected in parallel with the second battery string group 32, but with opposite polarities). When the battery cells on any battery string in the second battery string group 32 are blocked or malfunction, resulting in a hot spot effect, the second bypass diode 52 can form a forward bias voltage, allowing the current to bypass the blocked or malfunctioning battery string and flow through the second bypass diode 52, without affecting the normal power generation of other battery strings in the second battery string group 32.

[0051] The third battery string group 33 is connected in reverse parallel to the third bypass diode 53 through the second lead 47. This allows the third battery string group 33 to be connected in reverse parallel to the third bypass diode 53 through the second lead 47 (i.e., the third bypass diode 53 is connected in parallel with the third battery string group 33, but with opposite polarities). When the battery cells on any battery string in the third battery string group 33 are blocked or malfunction, resulting in a hot spot effect, the third bypass diode 53 can form a forward bias voltage, allowing the current to bypass the blocked or malfunctioning battery string and flow through the third bypass diode 53, without affecting the normal power generation of other battery strings in the third battery string group 33.

[0052] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 5As shown, the photovoltaic module also includes a first lead group 01, a second lead group 02, a third lead group 03, and a fourth lead group 04. The first lead group 01 includes two leads extending from the intermediate busbar 45 in the first cell string group 31; the second lead group 02 includes two leads extending from the intermediate busbar 45 in the second cell string group 32; the third lead group 03 includes a lead extending from the first lead 46; and the fourth lead group 04 includes two leads extending from the intermediate busbar 45 in the third cell string group 33. The leads of the first lead group 01, the second lead group 02, and the fourth lead group 04 are the portions of the intermediate busbar 45 bent along the first direction X. The leads of the third lead group 03 are the portions of the first lead 46 bent along a third direction Z, perpendicular to both the first direction X and the second direction Y (here, for illustrative purposes, the first lead group 01 is the first lead 46). Figure 5 The diagram is illustrated with black dots. Under normal circumstances, the leads of the third lead group 03 are not visible in the top view. After bending, the leads of the third lead group 03 extend along the second direction Y. The first lead group 01 is located... Figure 4 To the left of the first bypass diode 51, from Figure 1 The second lead hole 112 leads out, and the second lead group 02 is located in Figure 4 To the right of the second bypass diode 52, from Figure 1 The third lead hole 113 leads out, and the third lead group 03 is located in Figure 4 On the first lead 46, and near the first lead group 01 and the second lead group 02, from Figure 1 The first lead hole 111 leads out, and the fourth lead group 04 includes two leads, which are located on the left and right sides of the third bypass diode 53, respectively. Both leads originate from... Figure 1 The fourth lead hole 114 leads out. The first lead group 01, the second lead group 02 and the third lead group 03 mentioned above each include one lead wire, and the number corresponds to the number of lead wire holes. This allows each lead wire to be led out from a lead wire hole corresponding to its position. Compared to opening a large lead wire hole in the lead wire area, leading multiple lead wires out from this one lead wire hole by bending can reduce the area of ​​the opening, retain more glass, improve the stability of the glass, and also reduce the number of bends of the lead wire, leading out the lead wire as quickly as possible, avoiding the lead wire from affecting the internal circuit.

[0053] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 1As shown, at least one lead area has multiple lead holes 11 arranged in a triangular shape. The lead holes 11 include a first lead hole 111, a second lead hole 112, and a third lead hole 113. The lead wires of the first lead group are bent and led out from the first lead hole 111, the lead wires of the second lead group are bent and led out from the second lead hole 112, and the lead wires of the third lead group are bent and led out from the third lead hole 113. The lead-out areas of the first, second, and third lead groups are approximately triangular in shape. The opening positions of the first lead hole 111, the second lead hole 112, and the third lead hole 113 correspond to the lead wire positions of the lead groups. In this way, each lead wire only needs to be bent once at the edge of the hole, avoiding the lead wire breakage or lead wire insulation layer damage caused by compression and stretching in the traditional "multi-wire shared hole" method. It can also avoid friction and electromagnetic interference caused by the crossover of leads, thus balancing electrical reliability and process stability. The lead wire of the fourth lead wire group is bent and led out from the fourth lead wire hole 114.

[0054] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the extension direction of the first lead wire group 01 and the second lead wire group 02 after being led out is the first direction X, and the extension direction of at least one of the first lead wire holes 111 and the second lead wire hole 112 is the first direction X. Specifically, only the first lead wire hole 111 may have the extension direction of the first direction X, only the second lead wire hole 112 may have the extension direction of the first direction X, or both the first lead wire hole 111 and the second lead wire hole 112 may have the extension direction of the first direction X. This arrangement allows the lead wires to smoothly pass through the lead wire holes along their natural extension path, reducing lateral friction and bending stress between the lead wires and the hole walls. This design allows the lead wire tension to be transmitted along the main force direction of the backsheet glass (first direction X), avoiding stress concentration in the direction perpendicular to the long side (second direction Y), thereby reducing the stress concentration coefficient of the backsheet glass at the hole edges and improving the bending strength of the photovoltaic module at the four corners.

[0055] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the extension direction of the third lead-out group 03 after being led out is the second direction Y, and the extension direction of the third lead hole 113 is the first direction X. Alternatively, the third lead hole 113 can be a circular hole, and the second direction Y is the width direction of the photovoltaic module. Specifically, after the lead-out line of the third lead-out group 03 is led out along the third direction Z, it extends along the second direction Y. To match its vertical lead-out path, the third lead hole 113 can be an elliptical hole with its major axis parallel to the long side of the module (first direction X) or a circular hole. This structure avoids the high stress concentration problem caused by the traditional elliptical hole with its major axis perpendicular to the long side of the module. When the major axis of the hole is parallel to the main force direction of the module, the stiffness of the glass along the major axis under bending load is effectively preserved, and the stress distribution is more uniform. Furthermore, if a circular hole is used, under the same applied force, the stress on the circular hole will be more uniform, and the stress concentration factor will be higher, which can improve the strength of the backsheet glass and prevent cracking at both ends of the major axis of the hole (the point with the smallest radius of curvature).

[0056] In some optional embodiments, the lead hole includes at least one of the following: a circular hole and an elliptical hole. The combination of circular and / or elliptical holes effectively balances the passability of the lead and the mechanical strength of the backsheet: circular holes have a more uniform stress distribution and a consistent radius of curvature, reducing stress concentration at the hole edge and improving the crack resistance of the photovoltaic module; elliptical holes, by arranging their major axis along the main stress direction of the module (the long side of the photovoltaic module), meet the lead space requirements while maximizing the preservation of the structural integrity of the glass substrate, avoiding the strength reduction caused by the major axis of traditional holes being perpendicular to the long side of the photovoltaic module; the combined use of both ensures the smooth exit of leads with different orientations (along the length and width directions of the photovoltaic module, respectively, the first and second directions in this application). When the lead extends along the width direction of the photovoltaic module after exiting, a circular hole or an elliptical hole with its major axis parallel to the long side of the photovoltaic module can be used, thus avoiding the use of an elliptical hole with its major axis perpendicular to the long side of the photovoltaic module, allowing the glass backsheet to withstand more stress. Furthermore, matching the lead hole with the lead wire assembly can reduce the total opening area, retaining more glass to enhance its stress resistance.

[0057] In some optional embodiments, the radius of the circular hole is 2-5 mm. This small size effectively suppresses stress concentration and prevents micro-cracks from forming in the glass at the hole edge. In some optional embodiments, the minor axis of the elliptical hole is 0.1-2 mm, and the major axis is 2-4 mm. With a major axis of 2-4 mm and a minor axis of 0.1-2 mm, the elliptical hole can accommodate the space requirements for lead wire bending while maintaining a low stress concentration factor along the long side of the component, which is superior to the stress concentration factor of traditional large-size racetrack holes. The combination of circular and elliptical hole sizes allows the total area of ​​a single hole to be smaller than that of a traditionally designed hole, and the total area of ​​multiple holes is also smaller than that of a traditionally designed hole, improving the bending strength at the four corners of the backplate. Furthermore, all hole types can be stably mass-produced using standard stamping or laser drilling processes, without burrs or cracks, and exhibit good process compatibility.

[0058] In some optional embodiments, the spacing between the circular and elliptical holes is 6-8 mm. This effectively avoids the superposition of stress fields between the holes, prevents the risk of local stiffness reduction and crack propagation in the glass due to excessively close hole spacing, makes reasonable use of the space in the lead wire area, and ensures the load-bearing capacity of the glass between adjacent lead wire holes.

[0059] In some alternative implementations, the diameter of the circular hole is 1-2 mm larger than the width of the lead wire. This ensures that the lead wire can pass through without resistance, reducing friction, wear, and mechanical stress, while also preventing the hole diameter from weakening the strength of the glass substrate. This arrangement makes reasonable use of the space in the lead wire area and ensures that the lead wire can be led out normally.

[0060] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific examples of implementing this application, and in practical applications, various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Any person skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this application; therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: The backsheet glass includes multiple lead regions, at least one of the lead regions includes multiple lead holes, the number of lead holes is the same as the number of lead groups of the photovoltaic module, and each group of lead groups includes one or two lead wires.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module also includes a first battery string group, a second battery string group, and a third battery string group connected in series, wherein each of the first battery string group, the second battery string group, and the third battery string group includes multiple battery strings connected in parallel.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module further includes a first busbar, a second busbar, a third busbar, a fourth busbar, an intermediate busbar, a first lead, and a second lead. Two adjacent battery strings in a first direction are electrically connected through the intermediate busbar. The first battery string group and the second battery string group are connected in series through the first busbar and the second busbar. The first lead is electrically connected to the first busbar and the second busbar at the electrical connection points of the first battery string group and the second battery string group, respectively. The two ends of the third battery string group are electrically connected to the third busbar and the fourth busbar, respectively. The second lead is electrically connected to the third busbar, the fourth busbar, and the first lead, respectively. The first direction is the length direction of the photovoltaic module.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module further includes a first lead group, a second lead group, a third lead group, and a fourth lead group, wherein the first lead group includes two leads drawn from the intermediate busbar in the first cell string group, the second lead group includes two leads drawn from the intermediate busbar in the second cell string group, the third lead group includes leads drawn from the first lead, and the fourth lead group includes two leads drawn from the intermediate busbar in the third cell string group.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, At least one of the lead wire regions has a plurality of lead wire holes arranged in a triangular shape. The lead wire holes include a first lead wire hole, a second lead wire hole, and a third lead wire hole. The lead wire of the first lead wire group is bent and led out from the first lead wire hole. The lead wire of the second lead wire group is bent and led out from the second lead wire hole. The lead wire of the third lead wire group is bent and led out from the third lead wire hole.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The extension direction of the first lead wire group and the second lead wire group after being led out is the first direction, and the extension direction of at least one of the first lead wire hole and the second lead wire hole is the first direction.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The extension direction of the third lead-out group is the second direction, and the extension direction of the third lead hole is the first direction, or the third lead hole is a circular hole, and the second direction is the width direction of the photovoltaic module.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lead hole includes at least one of the following: a round hole and an elliptical hole.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The radius of the circular hole is 2~5mm.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The minor axis of the elliptical hole is 0.1~2mm, and the major axis is 2~4mm.

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