Stability evaluation method for gas shield welding wire all-position welding process based on relaxation characteristic parameters

Abstract

The invention discloses a gas shield welding wire all-position welding process stability evaluation method based on relaxation characteristic parameters. The gas shield welding wire all-position welding process stability evaluation method comprises the following steps that S1, the initial relaxation diameter DI and the initial tilting distance BI of a welding wire before gun passing are measured; s2, the relaxation diameter D E and the warping distance BE of the welding wire after gun passing are measured; s3, the correlation between the welding wire relaxation characteristic parameters before and after gun passing and the welding process stability is established, and a welding wire relaxation characteristic parameter factor L is obtained; and S4, a criterion of wire feeding stability and all-position welding process stability is established, and therefore all-position welding process stability evaluation is conducted on the to-be-evaluated welding wire. According to the method, actual arcing welding is not needed, and the stability of the gas shield welding wire all-position welding process is indirectly evaluated through the wire feeding stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding technology, and more specifically, to a method for evaluating the stability of gas-shielded wire welding processes based on relaxation characteristic parameters. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, solid wire gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is the most commonly used welding method in various industrial fields. It boasts advantages such as mature and stable technology, convenient operation, high efficiency, and low cost. By matching specific welding materials and welding process specifications, it can meet the structural integrity and safety requirements of various application scenarios, including conventional static mechanical properties, dynamic fatigue performance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance. However, the welding of many industrial structural components often involves complex spatial welding positions, such as all-position welding of pipelines, welding of energy medium storage tanks and spherical tanks in complex spatial positions, and vertical and overhead welding of important steel structures. In these non-flat and horizontal welding positions, the weld droplets undergo unstable transitions due to gravity, and the weld pool's spreadability deteriorates under gravity. The combination of these factors adversely affects the stability of the welding process, thus posing a significant challenge to welding quality. In this application scenario, the impact of wire feeding stability on welding process stability will be amplified. If the influence of wire relaxation characteristic parameters on wire feeding stability can be effectively evaluated, the all-position welding process stability of relevant wire products can be indirectly evaluated, thereby providing technical guidance and reference for wire selection and welding quality prediction in engineering projects.

[0003] Currently, there are many publicly available technical documents concerning the evaluation of the welding suitability of gas-shielded solid welding wire, such as:

[0004] Chinese patent application CN200910091678.4 discloses a surface condition criterion for evaluating wire feeding performance. By extracting the ratio of the flat area to the total area of ​​the wire surface and the average width of the largest flat area on the wire surface, and applying quantitative constraints, a wire feeding stability criterion based on the surface condition of the wire is obtained. This criterion can be used to evaluate stainless steel and nickel-based alloy welding wires for welding methods such as TIG, MIG, and MAG. However, this evaluation method is based on alloy steel welding wires with lower strength and hardness and are prone to plastic deformation, and is not suitable for carbon steel and low-alloy steel welding wires.

[0005] Chinese patent application No. 201811465450.2 discloses a device and method for evaluating the welding process performance of gas-shielded welding (GSW) wire. This method uses a high-speed camera and a signal synchronous recorder to simultaneously acquire welding images, arc voltage, and welding current during the welding process of the GSW wire under test. Computer signal processing is then used to detect the standard deviation of arc voltage and welding current, droplet transfer mode, size, and frequency, and the form and number of weld spatter occurrences. Simultaneously, the wetting angle and symmetry of the weld cross-section after welding are measured to detect the arc stability, droplet transfer behavior, and weld pool fluidity of the GSW wire. Finally, the welding process performance of the GSW wire is evaluated based on these three indicators. However, this method is complex to operate, costly to implement, involves a wide variety of equipment, and data acquisition is difficult in all spatial positions.

[0006] Chinese patent application CN201510830554.9 discloses a device and method for evaluating the stability of solid welding wire feeding. By designing a dedicated device and process for welding torch support, clamping, target application, and target evaluation, it simulates the wire feeding and welding states during actual welding, thus solving the problem of indirect evaluation of the stability of solid welding wire feeding. However, this method only reflects the stability of the welding wire's spatial position after exiting the wire, and cannot reflect the stability of the feeding and exiting processes caused by the characteristics of the welding wire itself. Furthermore, it also suffers from problems of complex equipment and numerous procedures.

[0007] Chinese patent application CN202311430410.5 discloses a method for evaluating the stability of welding wire feeding. This method involves designing a dedicated device to obtain the frictional resistance during wire feeding, the center-to-center distance on a specific plane of the welding wire extension, and the eccentricity angle between the specific plane of the welding wire extension and the center of the welding torch. A quantitative correlation is then established to measure the wire feeding stability during welding. However, this method also does not consider the stability of the wire feeding and exiting processes caused by the characteristics of the welding wire itself. The evaluation method involves complex equipment and processes, resulting in high implementation costs.

[0008] In summary, currently available technical documents do not address methods for evaluating wire feeding stability and welding process stability based on relaxation characteristic parameters of gas-shielded solid welding wire. The national standard GB / T 8110 provides recommended requirements for the relaxation diameter and warp distance of gas-shielded solid welding wires in different packaging forms, but these technical requirements are too broad and cannot directly guide the evaluation of welding process stability and wire selection in spatial welding applications such as all-position welding, which have very high requirements for wire feeding stability. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for evaluating the stability of all-position welding process of gas-shielded welding wire based on relaxation characteristic parameters. Based on the relaxation characteristic parameters before and after the welding wire passes through the welding torch, the correlation between the relaxation characteristic parameters and the wire feeding stability and the welding process stability is established. This method does not require actual arc initiation welding and indirectly evaluates the stability of all-position welding process of gas-shielded welding wire through wire feeding stability.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] A stability evaluation method for all-position welding process of gas-shielded welding wire based on relaxation characteristic parameters includes the following steps:

[0012] S1, Measure the initial relaxation diameter D of the welding wire before the welding gun. I With initial pitch B I ;

[0013] S2, Measure the relaxation diameter D of the welding wire after passing through the torch. E With warp distance B E ;

[0014] S3, establish the correlation between the characteristic parameters of wire relaxation before and after passing through the welding torch and the stability of the welding process, and obtain the wire relaxation characteristic parameter factor L;

[0015] S4. Establish criteria for wire feeding stability and all-position welding process stability, and evaluate the all-position welding process stability of the welding wire to be evaluated.

[0016] Preferably, in step S1, when measuring the relaxation diameter and warp distance of the welding wire before passing through the welding gun, the amount of welding wire cut from the welding wire spool or welding wire drum is such that at least three turns are formed after relaxation.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, the process for determining the relaxation diameter and warp distance of the welding wire after passing through the welding torch is as follows:

[0018] An automatic wire feeder for gas metal arc welding (GMAW) was used to simulate the actual all-position welding wire feeding process. The wire relaxation diameter D after passing through the welding torch was cut and measured. E With warp distance B E .

[0019] Preferably, when determining the relaxation diameter and warp distance of the welding wire after passing through the torch, the amount of welding wire cut is based on the requirement that at least three turns are formed after relaxation.

[0020] Preferably, in step S3, the formula for the welding wire relaxation characteristic parameter factor is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, D IB represents the initial relaxation diameter of the welding wire before it passes through the welding torch, in mm. I D represents the initial warp of the welding wire before it passes through the welding torch, in mm. E B is the relaxation diameter of the welding wire after passing through the welding torch, in mm; E The wire warp distance after passing through the welding torch is in mm; S WF The wire feeding speed is expressed in cm / min.

[0023] Preferably, in step S4, the criteria for judging the wire feeding stability and the stability of the all-position welding process are as follows:

[0024] For standard welding wire reels or spools with a diameter ≥ 200 mm, when D I With D E All within the range of 450–1100 mm, B I ≤35mm, B E When the diameter is ≤200mm and L is in the range of 15 to 50, the welding wire is determined to have all-position welding stability; otherwise, the welding wire is determined not to have all-position welding stability.

[0025] The present invention provides a method for evaluating the stability of all-position welding process of gas-shielded welding wire based on relaxation characteristic parameters. This indirect evaluation method does not require actual arc initiation welding but only simulates welding wire feeding. By measuring indicators such as the relaxation diameter and warp of the welding wire before and after passing through the welding torch at a certain wire feeding speed, and combining the welding wire relaxation characteristic parameter factor L criterion, the stability of the all-position welding process of relevant welding wire products is indirectly evaluated. This provides technical support for the evaluation of welding material suitability, screening of welding materials, and prediction of welding quality in engineering projects, and also has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. This invention does not require actual arc initiation welding. It only simulates the actual welding wire feeding process and measures a limited number of geometric parameters. By applying comprehensive criteria, it can indirectly and quickly predict the welding process stability of welding wire products in all positions and complex spatial positions. It can also provide technical guidance for related industrial fields. It does not require complicated equipment and devices and has the advantages of simplicity, efficiency and low cost.

[0027] 2. Based on the correlation between the relaxation characteristic parameters of the welding wire and the deformation characteristics and mechanical properties of the welding wire itself during the coiling and winding process, this invention establishes the correlation between the relaxation characteristic parameters and the wire feeding stability and welding process stability. It has a clear correlation mechanism, good reproducibility, and accurate and reliable evaluation results.

[0028] 3. This invention is an indirect evaluation method for the stability of welding wire products in all-position welding process. It has universal applicability in the industry. As long as gas shielded solid welding wire is used for semi-automatic or automatic welding, this invention can be used to evaluate the welding adaptability of welding wire, screen welding materials and predict welding quality when all-position welding and welding in complex spatial positions are involved.

[0029] 4. This invention is applicable to welding manufacturing applications where the stability of the welding process is highly required due to the influence of welding position and gravity, such as all-position welding of pipelines, welding of energy medium storage tanks and spherical tanks in complex spatial positions, and vertical and overhead welding of important steel structures. It can quickly and effectively evaluate the stability of the all-position welding process of gas-shielded solid welding wire without the need for actual arc initiation welding, and provides technical guidance and reference for welding wire selection and welding quality prediction. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To better understand the above-mentioned technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0031] The present invention provides a method for evaluating the stability of all-position welding process of gas-shielded welding wire based on relaxation characteristic parameters. Based on relaxation characteristic parameters such as relaxation diameter and warp distance of welding wire before and after passing through the welding torch and their correlation, the method does not require actual arc initiation welding. It indirectly evaluates the stability of all-position welding process of gas-shielded welding wire by reflecting the wire feeding stability through a series of relaxation characteristic parameters.

[0032] The technical principle upon which this invention is based is as follows: When a gas-shielded solid welding wire is wound around a wire spool or drum, it primarily undergoes elastic deformation. However, when subjected to an instantaneous external force exceeding its yield strength, it also undergoes localized plastic deformation, accompanied by a certain degree of strain intensification. When the welding wire, under the action of the wire feeder, passes through the welding torch and reaches the area to be welded, the elastic and localized plastic deformation caused by the wire winding significantly impacts the wire feeding stability and wire straightness, thereby affecting the stability of complex spatial welding processes such as all-position welding. This is particularly relevant in pipeline all-position welding applications, where the continuously changing welding position places higher demands on wire feeding stability and the directly related welding process stability. Instantaneous disturbances during the welding process can cause fluctuations in welding quality. Therefore, relaxation characteristic parameters such as the relaxation diameter and warp distance of the welding wire before and after passing through the torch can reflect the elastic and plastic deformation behavior of the wound wire. After appropriate quantification and correlation processing, the correlation between the welding wire's deformation capacity and wire feeding stability, as well as the welding process stability, can be reflected. Based on this, a method for evaluating the stability of all-position welding processes using gas-shielded solid welding wire can be established.

[0033] This invention discloses a method for evaluating the stability of all-position welding processes using gas-shielded welding wire based on relaxation characteristic parameters. First, a certain number of welding wires are cut from a wire spool or tube in a specific packaging form, and their relaxation diameter and warp distance before passing through the welding torch are measured. Then, using an automatic wire feeder for gas-shielded welding, a certain number of wires are fed at a specific speed, and the relaxation diameter and warp distance after passing through the torch are cut and measured. Subsequently, a correlation relationship is established between the relaxation characteristic parameters such as the relaxation diameter and warp distance of the welding wire before and after passing through the torch, and a criterion for wire feeding stability and all-position welding process stability based on the welding wire relaxation characteristic parameters is formed. Finally, the stability of the actual welding wire to be evaluated in the all-position welding process is evaluated according to the wire feeding stability and all-position welding process stability criterion. The method includes the following steps:

[0034] S1, Measure the initial relaxation diameter D of the welding wire before the welding gun. I With initial pitch B I ;

[0035] A certain amount of welding wire is cut from a welding wire spool or tube in a specific packaging form, ensuring that the cut wire forms at least three full turns after relaxation. The initial relaxation diameter and initial warp distance are measured before passing through the welding torch according to standard methods, with both units in mm. To ensure the accuracy and representativeness of the test results, the average of three measurements is used as the final result.

[0036] S2, Measure the relaxation diameter D of the welding wire after passing through the torch. E With warp distance B E ;

[0037] Using an automatic wire feeder for gas metal arc welding (GMAW), the actual all-position welding wire feeding process was simulated. A certain number of wires were fed at a specific wire feeding speed, and the relaxation diameter D after passing through the welding torch was cut and measured. E and warp distance D E The number of wires cut should be such that at least three full turns are formed after relaxation. The relaxation diameter D after passing through the welding torch should be measured according to standard methods. E and warp distance D E All units are in mm. To ensure the accuracy and representativeness of the test results, the average of three measurements was used as the final result.

[0038] S3, establish the correlation between the characteristic parameters of wire relaxation before and after passing through the welding torch and the stability of the welding process, and obtain the wire relaxation characteristic parameter factor L;

[0039] Considering the significant impact of the relaxation characteristic parameters before and after the welding torch pass on wire feeding stability and the stability of the all-position welding process, which are closely related to the elastic-plastic deformation and strain hardening of the welding wire, and also considering the direct influence of the wire feeding speed on the relaxation characteristic parameters after the torch pass, the correlation between the relaxation characteristic parameters of the welding wire before and after the torch pass and the stability of the welding process is established, and is represented by the welding wire relaxation characteristic parameter factor L:

[0040]

[0041] In the formula, D I B represents the initial relaxation diameter of the welding wire before it passes through the welding torch, in mm. I D represents the initial warp of the welding wire before it passes through the welding torch, in mm. E B is the relaxation diameter of the welding wire after passing through the welding torch, in mm; E D represents the wire warp distance after passing through the welding torch, in mm; I B I D E B E The average of three measurements was taken. WF The wire feeding speed is expressed in cm / min.

[0042] S4. Establish criteria for wire feeding stability and all-position welding process stability, and evaluate the all-position welding process stability of the welding wire to be evaluated.

[0043] When the welding wire is coiled and wound on a wire spool or wire drum, external forces cause it to undergo elastic deformation and localized plastic deformation. During welding, the initial elastic and localized plastic deformations are released by the wire feeder and straightened by the wire feed hose. Simultaneously, the strain-strengthening effect resulting from two cycles of plastic strain alters the strength properties of the welding wire itself. If the slack diameter of the welding wire is too large, it means that the elastic deformation during coiling is excessive, making it difficult to deform freely according to the direction of the wire feed hose during feeding, increasing feeding resistance, and thus reducing wire feeding stability and welding arc stability, which is detrimental to the stability of all-position welding. If the slack diameter of the welding wire is too small, it means that more plastic deformation occurs during coiling, and the strain-strengthening effect changes the initial strength of the welding wire. After exiting the wire, the straightness of the wire and the accuracy of the wire tip reaching the welding area will be affected, simultaneously reducing wire feeding stability and welding arc stability, which is also detrimental to the stability of all-position welding. The warp of the welding wire before and after passing through the welding torch is related to the internal stress state and anisotropic behavior of the welding wire. Severe warp increases the wire feeding resistance and adversely affects the straightness of the welding wire after exiting the torch and the accessibility of the area to be welded. Therefore, although warp is unavoidable, it should be controlled to a minimum as much as possible.

[0044] Therefore, for commonly used standard welding wire spools or drums with a diameter of 200mm or larger, a criterion for wire feeding stability and all-position welding process stability is established: the relaxation diameter D before and after passing through the welding torch. I and D E All are controlled within 450-1100mm, with an initial tilting distance B before passing the gun. I Keep it within 35mm, and the backlash B after passing through the gun. E The diameter of the welding wire relaxation feature parameter L, which is highly correlated with the relaxation feature parameter of the welding wire before and after passing through the welding torch, should be controlled within 200 mm. At the same time, the relaxation feature parameter factor L should be controlled between 15 and 50.

[0045] For the welding wire samples to be evaluated, without actual arc initiation welding, the actual all-position welding wire feeding process was simulated using an automatic wire feeder for gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and the relaxation diameter D of the welding wire before and after passing through the welding torch was measured. I and D E , the distance B before and after the gun I and B E The wire feed speed is adopted as the actual wire feed speed value used in the all-position welding process, and the wire relaxation characteristic parameter factor L is calculated accordingly. If all evaluation indicators meet the above criteria for wire feed stability and all-position welding process stability (D... I With D E All within the range of 450–1100 mm, B I ≤35mm, B E If the diameter is ≤200mm and L is in the range of 15 to 50, then the welding wire to be evaluated is determined to have all-position welding stability; otherwise, the welding wire to be evaluated is determined to not have all-position welding stability.

[0046] This invention presents a method for evaluating the stability of all-position welding processes using gas-shielded welding wire based on relaxation characteristic parameters. This method leverages the mechanism that relaxation characteristic parameters, such as the relaxation diameter and warp distance of the welding wire before and after passing through the welding torch, are closely related to the elastic and plastic deformation behavior during the wire winding and coiling process, and significantly influence the stability of the wire feeding and welding processes. By measuring the relaxation diameter and warp distance of the welding wire before and after passing through the torch at a certain wire feeding speed, and applying the welding wire relaxation characteristic parameter factor L criterion, the stability of complex spatial welding processes, such as all-position welding, can be indirectly evaluated without actual arc initiation welding. This method can be used for evaluating the suitability of welding materials, screening welding materials, and predicting welding quality in engineering projects, providing technical support for engineering projects.

[0047] Example

[0048] This embodiment focuses on six commonly used AWS A5.18 ER80S-G gas metal arc welding wires with a diameter of 1.0 mm, and conducts a stability evaluation of the all-position welding process based on relaxation characteristic parameters. The main steps include:

[0049] Step 1: Determination of wire relaxation diameter and warp distance before passing through the welding torch

[0050] A certain amount of welding wire is cut from a 20kg standard welding wire spool with a diameter of 300mm. After relaxation, the cut wire should form at least three full turns. The initial relaxation diameter D before passing through the welding torch is measured according to standard methods. I and initial pitch B I All units are in mm. To ensure the accuracy and representativeness of the test results, the average of three measurements was used as the final result.

[0051] Step 2: Measurement of wire relaxation diameter and warp distance after passing through the welding torch

[0052] Using the MILLER Pipeworx 400Pro dedicated automatic wire feeder for gas metal arc welding, the actual all-position pipe welding process and welding parameter settings were simulated at a wire feed speed S. WF Under a speed of 1000 cm / min, complete a certain number of wire passes, cut the welding wire after passing through the torch, and measure the relaxation diameter and warp distance of the welding wire after passing through the torch. The number of cut wire passes should form at least three full turns after relaxation. Measure the relaxation diameter D after passing through the torch according to the standard method. E and warp distance B E All units are in mm. To ensure the accuracy and representativeness of the test results, the average of three measurements was used as the final result.

[0053] Step 3: Correlation between wire relaxation characteristic parameters before and after welding torch application and welding process stability

[0054] Considering the significant impact of the relaxation characteristic parameters before and after the welding torch pass, which are closely related to the elastic-plastic deformation and strain hardening of the welding wire, on the stability of wire feeding and the stability of the all-position welding process, and also considering the direct influence of the wire feed speed on the relaxation characteristic parameters after the torch pass, the welding wire relaxation characteristic parameter factor L is applied to indirectly evaluate the stability of the all-position welding process. Here,

[0055]

[0056] Step 4: Evaluation of wire feeding stability and all-position welding process stability based on wire relaxation characteristic parameters

[0057] Based on the aforementioned measured relaxation diameter and warp distance of the welding wire before and after passing through the welding torch, as well as the calculated welding wire relaxation characteristic parameter factor L, the wire feeding stability and all-position welding process stability are evaluated. Based on the wire feeding stability and all-position welding process stability criteria described in this invention, if the relaxation diameter D of the welding wire before and after passing through the torch... I and D E All are controlled within 450-1100mm, with an initial tilting distance B before passing the gun. IKeep it within 35mm, and the backlash B after passing through the gun. E The length of the wire should be controlled within 200mm. Simultaneously, the wire relaxation characteristic parameter factor L, which is highly correlated with the wire relaxation characteristic parameters before and after the welding torch passes through, should be controlled between 15 and 50. Therefore, the welding wire is determined to have all-position welding process stability at the wire feed speed described in the embodiment, as shown in Table 1.

[0058] Table 1 Evaluation of wire feeding stability and all-position welding process stability

[0059] Example <![CDATA[D I (mm)]]> <![CDATA[B I (mm)]]> <![CDATA[D E (mm)]]> <![CDATA[B E (mm)]]> <![CDATA[S WF (cm / min)]]> L Evaluation results Welding wire 1 450 0 575 185 1000 13.4 Unstable Welding wire 2 565 12 690 160 1000 9.4 Unstable Welding wire 3 630 10 750 95 1000 23.0 Stablize Welding wire 4 755 0 915 145 1000 30.4 Stablize Welding wire 5 840 15 995 65 1000 29.5 Stablize Welding wire 6 965 5 1075 75 1000 41.1 Stablize

[0060] As shown in Table 1, welding wires 3 to 6 all meet the criteria for wire feeding stability and all-position welding process stability, and all have all-position welding stability; however, the wire relaxation characteristic parameter factor L of welding wires 1 and 2 does not meet the criteria for wire feeding stability and all-position welding process stability. Therefore, welding wires 1 and 2 are determined to not have all-position welding stability.

[0061] Those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any variations or modifications to the above embodiments that are within the spirit and essence of the present invention will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the stability of all-position welding process of gas-shielded welding wire based on relaxation characteristic parameters, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Measure the initial relaxation diameter D of the welding wire before the welding gun. I With initial pitch B I ; S2, Measure the relaxation diameter D of the welding wire after passing through the torch. E With warp distance B E ; S3. Establish the correlation between the characteristic parameters of wire relaxation before and after welding and the stability of the welding process, and obtain the wire relaxation characteristic parameter factor L. S4. Establish criteria for wire feeding stability and all-position welding process stability, and evaluate the all-position welding process stability of the welding wire to be evaluated.

2. The method for evaluating the stability of all-position welding process of gas-shielded welding wire based on relaxation characteristic parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, when measuring the relaxation diameter and warp distance of the welding wire before passing through the welding gun, the amount of welding wire cut from the welding wire spool or welding wire drum is based on the requirement that at least three turns are formed after relaxation.

3. The method for evaluating the stability of all-position welding process of gas-shielded welding wire based on relaxation characteristic parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the process for determining the relaxation diameter and warp distance of the welding wire after passing through the welding torch is as follows: An automatic wire feeder for gas metal arc welding (GMAW) was used to simulate the actual all-position welding wire feeding process. The wire relaxation diameter D after passing through the welding torch was cut and measured. E With warp distance B E .

4. The method for evaluating the stability of all-position welding process of gas-shielded welding wire based on relaxation characteristic parameters according to claim 3, characterized in that, When determining the relaxation diameter and warp distance of the welding wire after passing through the torch, the amount of welding wire cut should be such that at least three turns are formed after relaxation.

5. The method for evaluating the stability of all-position welding process of gas-shielded welding wire based on relaxation characteristic parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the formula for the welding wire relaxation characteristic parameter factor is as follows: In the formula, D I B represents the initial relaxation diameter of the welding wire before it passes through the welding torch, in mm. I D represents the initial warp of the welding wire before it passes through the welding torch, in mm. E B is the relaxation diameter of the welding wire after passing through the welding torch, in mm; E The wire warp distance after passing through the welding torch is in mm; S WF The wire feeding speed is expressed in cm / min.

6. The method for evaluating the stability of all-position welding process of gas-shielded welding wire based on relaxation characteristic parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the criteria for judging the stability of wire feeding and the stability of the all-position welding process are as follows: For standard welding wire reels or spools with a diameter ≥ 200 mm, when D I With D E All within the range of 450–1100 mm, B I ≤35mm, B E If the diameter is ≤200mm and L is in the range of 15 to 50, the welding wire is determined to have all-position welding stability; otherwise, the welding wire is determined not to have all-position welding stability.

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