Method for evaluating all-position welding forming adaptability of gas shielded solid welding wire

Abstract

The invention discloses a gas shield solid welding wire all-position welding forming adaptability evaluation method which comprises the following steps: S1, a free surfacing evaluation mechanism is adopted to carry out a series of welding current free surfacing tests and a series of welding speed free surfacing tests respectively, and test data are collected; s2, linear correlation fitting is conducted on the welding current and the free surfacing path width and the welding speed and the free surfacing path width according to surfacing test results, and the linear correlation slope and the correlation coefficient are extracted; and S3, a welding wire all-position welding forming adaptability criterion is established, and therefore the adaptability of gas shield solid welding wire all-position welding forming is evaluated. By means of the method, the all-position welding or complex space position welding forming adaptability of the gas shielded solid welding wire product can be rapidly evaluated, and technical reference and guidance are provided for welding material evaluation and screening and welding quality prediction in the related industrial fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding evaluation technology, and more specifically, to a method for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire to all-position welding formation. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, solid wire gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is the most commonly used welding method in various industrial fields. It boasts advantages such as mature and stable technology, convenient operation, high efficiency, and low cost. By matching specific welding materials and welding process specifications, it can meet the structural integrity and safety requirements of various application scenarios, including conventional static mechanical properties, dynamic fatigue performance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance. However, the welding of many industrial structural components often involves complex spatial welding positions, such as all-position welding of pipelines, complex spatial welding of energy medium storage tanks and spherical tanks, and vertical and overhead welding of important steel structures. In these non-flat and horizontal welding positions, the weld pool's spreadability deteriorates due to gravity, and the combined effect of multiple factors negatively impacts the stability of the welding process and the final weld quality. In such application scenarios, if a simple and easy-to-implement technical measure can be used to pre-evaluate the weld bead spread uniformity of the welding wire product within a certain range of welding process parameters, and thereby determine its adaptability for all-position welding formation, it can provide direct technical reference for welding wire selection and welding quality prediction before engineering projects, without the need for actual complex spatial welding beforehand.

[0003] There are currently many publicly available technical documents concerning the evaluation of the welding suitability of gas-shielded solid welding wire, such as:

[0004] Chinese patent application CN200910091678.4 discloses a surface condition criterion for evaluating wire feeding performance. By extracting the ratio of the flat area to the total area of ​​the wire surface and the average width of the largest flat area on the wire surface, and applying quantitative constraints, a wire feeding stability criterion based on the surface condition of the wire is obtained. This criterion can be used to evaluate stainless steel and nickel-based alloy welding wires for welding methods such as TIG, MIG, and MAG. However, this evaluation method is based on alloy steel welding wires with lower strength and hardness and are prone to plastic deformation, and is not suitable for carbon steel and low-alloy steel welding wires.

[0005] Chinese patent application No. 201811465450.2 discloses a device and method for evaluating the welding process performance of gas-shielded welding wire. This method uses a high-speed camera and a signal synchronous recorder to simultaneously acquire welding images, arc voltage, and welding current during the welding process of the gas-shielded welding wire under test. Computer signal processing is then used to detect the standard deviation of arc voltage and welding current, droplet transfer mode, size and frequency, and welding spatter mode and frequency. Simultaneously, the wetting angle and symmetry of the weld cross-section after welding are measured to detect the arc stability, droplet transfer behavior, and weld pool fluidity of the gas-shielded welding wire. Finally, the welding process performance of the gas-shielded welding wire is evaluated based on these three indicators. However, this method is complex to operate, costly to implement, involves a wide variety of equipment, and data acquisition is difficult in all spatial positions.

[0006] Chinese patent application CN201510830554.9 discloses a device and method for evaluating the stability of solid welding wire feeding. By designing a dedicated device and process for welding torch support, clamping, target application, and target evaluation, it simulates the wire feeding and welding states during actual welding, thus solving the problem of indirect evaluation of the stability of solid welding wire feeding. However, this method only reflects the stability of the welding wire's spatial position after exiting the wire, and cannot reflect the stability of the feeding and exiting processes caused by the mechanical properties of the welding wire itself. Furthermore, it also suffers from problems of complex equipment and numerous procedures.

[0007] Chinese patent application CN202311430410.5 discloses a method for evaluating the stability of welding wire feeding. This method involves designing a dedicated device to obtain the frictional resistance during wire feeding, the center eccentricity on a specific plane of the welding wire extension, and the eccentricity angle between the specific plane of the welding wire extension and the center of the welding torch. A quantitative correlation is then established to measure the wire feeding stability during welding. However, this method also does not consider the stability of the feeding and exiting processes caused by the mechanical properties of the welding wire itself. The evaluation method involves complex equipment and processes, resulting in high implementation costs.

[0008] In summary, currently available technical literature does not address the evaluation of weld bead formation adaptability of welding wire products under all-position welding and complex spatial welding conditions, nor has it identified any quantitative relationship for the spread performance of welding wire related to key welding process parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to research a method for evaluating the adaptability of all-position welding formation under different welding process conditions, which can quickly evaluate the adaptability of all-position welding or complex spatial welding formation, and provide technical reference and guidance for the evaluation and screening of welding materials and the prediction of welding quality in related industrial fields. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire to all-position welding. By designing a series of simple and easy-to-implement free surfacing tests of welding process parameters, an all-position welding adaptability criterion is established. This allows for the rapid evaluation of the all-position welding or complex spatial welding adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire products without the need to conduct actual pipeline all-position welding or complex spatial welding, providing technical reference and guidance for the evaluation and screening of welding materials and the prediction of welding quality in related industrial fields.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] A method for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire to all-position welding formation includes the following steps:

[0012] S1, a series of free welding current tests and a series of free welding speed tests were conducted using a free welding evaluation organization, and test data were collected.

[0013] S2. Based on the results of the welding test, the linear correlation between welding current and free weld width and welding speed and free weld width were fitted, and the linear correlation slope and correlation coefficient were extracted.

[0014] S3. Establish the adaptability criteria for all-position welding formation of welding wire, and evaluate the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire for all-position welding formation.

[0015] Preferably, in step S1, the free welding evaluation mechanism includes a free welding base plate; a V-shaped auxiliary groove is provided at the center of the free welding base plate, and a water-cooling conduit is provided below the free welding base plate at a position corresponding to the V-shaped auxiliary groove.

[0016] Preferably, in the series of free welding current surfacing tests in step S1:

[0017] Based on the actual pipeline all-position welding design series welding current, the welding voltage is automatically matched by the welding power source, and the welding speed is fixed at 320mm / min. After completing the free surfacing test of the welding wire to be evaluated on the free surfacing evaluation mechanism, the width of the free surfacing bead corresponding to each welding current is measured in sequence.

[0018] Preferably, the series of welding currents includes 150-160A, 180-190A, 210-220A, 230-240A, and 260-270A.

[0019] Preferably, in the series of free-surfacing welding tests at welding speeds in step S1:

[0020] Based on the actual pipeline all-position welding design series welding speed, the welding current is 220~230A, the welding voltage is automatically matched by the welding power source, and after the free surfacing test of the welding wire to be evaluated is completed on the free surfacing evaluation mechanism, the width of the free surfacing bead corresponding to each welding speed is measured in sequence.

[0021] Preferably, the range of the series of welding speeds is 300 to 500 mm / min.

[0022] Preferably, in step S2:

[0023] Based on the experimental data collected in step S1, linear correlation fitting was performed with welding current or welding speed as the abscissa and the corresponding free weld bead width as the ordinate, and the corresponding linear correlation slope and correlation coefficient were extracted respectively.

[0024] Preferably, in step S3, the adaptability criterion for all-position welding formation of the welding wire is as follows:

[0025] When |k I | = 0.07 ~ 0.10, |r I |>0.95, and |k S | = 0.03~0.05、|r S When |>0.95, from the perspective of uniform spreading and forming, the gas-shielded solid welding wire has good adaptability to all-position welding forming; otherwise, the gas-shielded solid welding wire has poor adaptability to all-position welding forming.

[0026] Where, k I It is the slope of the linear correlation between welding current and the width of the free weld bead, r. I It is the linear correlation coefficient between welding current and the width of the free weld bead; k S It is the slope of the linear correlation between welding speed and free weld bead width, r S It is the linear correlation coefficient between welding speed and the width of the free weld bead.

[0027] The present invention provides a method for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire to all-position welding formation, particularly based on the evaluation of the linear correlation of weld bead uniformity under different welding process conditions. This method involves performing a series of correlation processing steps on a designed free-surfacing welding evaluation mechanism, using the slope k and correlation coefficient r of the linear correlation between welding process parameters and the free-surfacing weld bead width as key parameters for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire to all-position welding formation. A criterion for all-position welding formation adaptability is established, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. This invention does not require actual pipeline all-position welding or complex spatial welding. Through a series of simple and easy-to-implement welding tests, the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire products for all-position welding or complex spatial welding formation can be quickly evaluated. It provides technical reference and guidance for the evaluation and screening of welding materials and the prediction of welding quality in related industrial fields, and has the advantages of being fast, efficient and low cost.

[0029] 2. This invention uses the linear correlation slope k and correlation coefficient r, which are closely related to the all-position welding formation of the welding wire, as criteria. It has clear theoretical basis and support, good reproducibility, and high reliability.

[0030] 3. This invention has broad industry applicability. It can be used for all-position welding and complex spatial welding when gas-shielded solid welding wire is used for semi-automatic or automatic welding, and can be applied to evaluate the adaptability of welding wire for all-position welding formation, screen welding materials, and predict welding quality. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the gas-shielded solid welding wire all-position welding adaptability evaluation method of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the free weld overlay evaluation mechanism of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary groove for the weld bead on the weld overlay steel plate of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 These are linear correlation fitting diagrams of welding current and weld bead width in embodiments of the present invention; (a) is a linear correlation fitting diagram of welding current and weld bead width of welding wire 1; (b) is a linear correlation fitting diagram of welding current and weld bead width of welding wire 2; (c) is a linear correlation fitting diagram of welding current and weld bead width of welding wire 3; and (d) is a linear correlation fitting diagram of welding current and weld bead width of welding wire 4.

[0035] Figure 5 These are linear correlation fitting diagrams of welding speed and weld bead width in embodiments of the present invention; (a) is a linear correlation fitting diagram of welding speed of welding wire 1 and weld bead width; (b) is a linear correlation fitting diagram of welding speed of welding wire 2 and weld bead width; (c) is a linear correlation fitting diagram of welding speed of welding wire 3 and weld bead width; and (d) is a linear correlation fitting diagram of welding speed of welding wire 4 and weld bead width. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To better understand the above-mentioned technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0037] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire in all-position welding, particularly based on the evaluation of the linear correlation of weld bead uniformity under different welding process conditions. The main technical principles upon which this invention is based are as follows:

[0038] First, in complex spatial welding conditions such as all-position pipeline welding, welding of energy medium storage tanks and spherical tanks, and vertical and overhead welding of important steel structures, gravity exerts a complex influence on the shape of the molten pool and the morphology of the weld after solidification, thus increasing the difficulty of uniform weld formation. In this application scenario, in addition to the influence of the two key welding process parameters, welding current and welding speed, on the uniformity of weld formation, the spreading performance of the welding wire itself in complex spatial positions also has a significant impact on the uniformity of weld formation. In other words, when the range of welding process parameters is fixed, the spreading performance of the welding wire itself is the decisive factor affecting the uniform formation of welds in complex spatial positions.

[0039] Secondly, if the surface tension of the welding wire is too low and its fluidity is too high after melting, it has excellent free-spreading ability, which easily leads to a centrally concentrated weld bead in the overhead welding position. Even with oscillating welding, uniform weld bead spread cannot be guaranteed. Simultaneously, weld metal with excessive fluidity tends to flow downwards in the vertical welding position, failing to form a proper weld bead. Conversely, if the surface tension of the welding wire is too high and its fluidity is poor after melting, although width filling can be achieved through oscillating welding, the fusion ability of the base material at the weld bead edge and the gap filling ability are poor, easily forming undercut and sharp weld toes, or even incomplete fusion defects, which is also detrimental to uniform weld bead spread and formation.

[0040] Third, as mentioned earlier, welding current and welding speed, two key welding process parameters, have a significant impact on the uniform spread and formation of the weld bead. The linear correlation between these two parameters and the free weld bead width directly reflects the spreading ability of the welding wire under different process conditions and its sensitivity to process changes. Therefore, by designing free weld bead tests under specific conditions, linear correlation fitting was performed on the welding current-free weld bead width and welding speed-free weld bead width, respectively. The linear correlation slope k and linear correlation coefficient r were extracted as key parameters for evaluating the uniformity of weld bead spread in all positions using gas-shielded solid welding wire, establishing an all-position welding adaptability criterion. It should be noted that welding voltage is closely related to the welding arc length and also has a significant impact on the uniform spread of the weld bead. However, considering that in general welding manufacturing applications, welding voltage is used in a unified matching with welding current, the influence of welding voltage on the weld bead spread uniformity and all-position welding adaptability of the welding wire being evaluated is not considered separately here.

[0041] The technical solution of this invention mainly involves: firstly, designing a test mechanism for evaluating the adaptability of copper plate and auxiliary water-cooled rapid cooling surfacing welding, which can meet the requirements of free surfacing welding tests of welding wire under certain welding process conditions; then, obtaining the corresponding free surfacing weld widths under a series of welding current and welding speed process conditions for all-position welding of pipelines, which serve as an important basis for the linear correlation between the spreading ability of welding wire products and the main welding process parameters; subsequently, performing linear correlation fitting between welding current and free spreading width and welding speed and free spreading width, and extracting the slope k and correlation coefficient r respectively, as key parameters for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire products to all-position welding formation; finally, comprehensively considering the all-position welding spreading ability of welding wire products and its correlation with the main welding process parameters, establishing an all-position welding formation adaptability criterion.

[0042] Combination Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire to all-position welding formation, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1, a series of free welding current tests and a series of free welding speed tests were conducted using a free welding evaluation organization, and test data were collected.

[0044] (1) Design of free-surface welding evaluation mechanism: combined with Figure 2 As shown, the free surfacing evaluation mechanism includes a free surfacing base plate; a V-shaped auxiliary groove is formed at the center of the free surfacing base plate, and a water-cooling conduit is installed below the free surfacing base plate at a position corresponding to the V-shaped auxiliary groove. In the specific scheme, a copper plate with a thickness B = 5-10mm is used as the free surfacing base plate; to buffer the impact of the welding arc on the free surfacing formation, a V-shaped auxiliary groove is formed at the center of the free surfacing base plate to ensure that the weld bead is located at the auxiliary groove position; to increase the post-weld cooling rate, thereby increasing the more stringent influencing factors on the free and uniform spread of the weld, a water-cooling conduit is installed below the free surfacing base plate at a position corresponding to the V-shaped auxiliary groove; combined with Figure 3 As shown, in order to ensure the smooth progress of the free-floating welding process, the following measures are taken: Figure 2 The dimensions of the free surfacing evaluation mechanism shown are optimized. The length of the V-shaped auxiliary groove L is 200-300mm, the width of the V-shaped auxiliary groove W is 4-8mm, and the thickness of the remaining copper plate at the bottom of the V-shaped auxiliary groove b is greater than 2mm. Here, the length L of the V-shaped auxiliary groove is mainly to ensure the stability of the surfacing process and to adopt the shortest possible design. The width W of the V-shaped auxiliary groove is mainly to simulate the bevel width of the weld bead of the capping surface of the pipeline in all positions. The thickness of the remaining copper plate at the bottom of the V-shaped auxiliary groove b is mainly to avoid the copper plate burning through due to welding heat.

[0045] (2) Free surfacing test and data acquisition under a series of welding process conditions

[0046] application Figure 2 The free surfacing evaluation mechanism shown in the figure conducts surfacing tests on the welding wire to be evaluated under the process conditions of a series of welding currents and a series of welding speeds for all-position welding of pipelines. After the surfacing bead cools down, the corresponding free surfacing bead width is measured, which serves as an important basis for the linear correlation between the spreading ability of the welding wire product and the main welding process parameters.

[0047] Series of welding current free-floating welding tests:

[0048] Based on the actual pipeline all-position welding design series welding current range, the series welding currents designed in the free surfacing test include 150~160A, 180~190A, 210~220A, 230~240A, and 260~270A. The welding voltage is automatically matched by the unified welding power supply, and the welding speed is fixed at 320mm / min. After completing the free surfacing test of the welding wire to be evaluated on the free surfacing evaluation mechanism, the width of the free surfacing bead corresponding to each welding current is measured in sequence.

[0049] Series of welding speed free surfacing tests:

[0050] Based on the actual pipeline all-position welding design series welding speed, the range of the series welding speed designed in the free surfacing test is 300-500 mm / min. In specific embodiments, the series welding speed includes 300 mm / min, 350 mm / min, 400 mm / min, 450 mm / min, and 500 mm / min; the welding current is 220-230 A, and the welding voltage is automatically matched by the unified welding power supply. After completing the free surfacing test of the welding wire to be evaluated on the free surfacing evaluation mechanism, the width of the free surfacing bead corresponding to each welding speed is measured in sequence.

[0051] S2. Based on the results of the welding test, the linear correlation between welding current and free weld width and welding speed and free weld width were fitted, and the linear correlation slope and correlation coefficient were extracted.

[0052] Based on the experimental data collected in step S1 (free weld bead width under a series of welding currents and welding speeds), linear correlation fitting was performed with welding current or welding speed as the abscissa and the corresponding free weld bead width as the ordinate, and the corresponding linear correlation slope k and correlation coefficient r were extracted respectively; that is...

[0053] y = kx + a

[0054] Here, y represents the width of the free weld bead under the series of welding current or welding speed conditions, x represents the actual value of welding current or welding speed, k represents the slope of linear correlation, a represents the intercept (which is meaningless in actual evaluation), and the linear correlation coefficient r is directly given by the linear fitting software.

[0055] S3. Establish the adaptability criteria for all-position welding formation of welding wire, and evaluate the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire for all-position welding formation.

[0056] Based on the different requirements for spreadability at different welding positions during all-position welding of welding wire, and comprehensively considering the different influences of welding current and welding speed on the spreadability of welding wire, a criterion for adaptability of welding wire to all-position welding formation is established; when |k I | = 0.07 ~ 0.10, |r I |>0.95, and |k S | = 0.03~0.05、|r S When |>0.95, from the perspective of uniform spreading and forming, the all-position welding forming adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire is good; otherwise, the all-position welding forming adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire is poor; where k I It is the slope of the linear correlation between welding current and the width of the free weld bead, r. I It is the linear correlation coefficient between welding current and the width of the free weld bead; k S It is the slope of the linear correlation between welding speed and free weld bead width, r S It is the linear correlation coefficient between welding speed and the width of the free weld bead.

[0057] Example

[0058] This embodiment evaluates the all-position welding adaptability of four different types of gas metal arc welding wires with a diameter of 1.0 mm. As mentioned above, the evaluation mainly includes the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: Design of Free Welding Evaluation Mechanism

[0060] Combination Figure 2 As shown, a copper plate with a thickness of B = 6mm was used as the base plate for free-surface welding. To buffer the impact of the welding arc on the free-surface weld formation, a V-shaped auxiliary groove was cut in the center of the base plate to ensure that the weld bead was located in the auxiliary groove. To increase the post-weld cooling rate, thereby increasing the influence of factors that are more demanding on the free and uniform spread of the weld, a water-cooling conduit was installed at the position corresponding to the V-shaped auxiliary groove below the base plate. Figure 3 As shown, in order to ensure the smooth progress of the free-floating welding process, the following measures are taken: Figure 2The dimensions of the free-surfacing evaluation mechanism shown are optimized. The length of the V-shaped auxiliary groove is L = 240mm, the width of the V-shaped auxiliary groove is W = 5mm, and the thickness of the remaining copper plate at the bottom of the V-shaped auxiliary groove is b = 3mm. Here, the length L of the V-shaped auxiliary groove is mainly to adopt the shortest possible design while ensuring the stability of the surfacing process. The width W of the V-shaped auxiliary groove is mainly to simulate the bevel width of the weld bead for all-position welding of the pipeline. The thickness b of the remaining copper plate at the bottom of the V-shaped auxiliary groove is mainly to avoid copper plate burn-through caused by welding heat.

[0061] Step 2: Free Welding Tests and Data Acquisition under a Series of Welding Process Conditions

[0062] application Figure 2 The free surfacing evaluation mechanism shown in the figure conducts surfacing tests on the welding wire to be evaluated under the process conditions of a series of welding currents and a series of welding speeds for all-position welding of pipelines. After the surfacing bead cools down, the corresponding free surfacing bead width is measured, which serves as an important basis for the linear correlation between the spreading ability of the welding wire product and the main welding process parameters.

[0063] (1) Series of welding current free surfacing tests

[0064] Four types of 1.0 mm diameter gas metal arc welding wires were used to conduct free surfacing tests under a series of welding current conditions. The welding currents used included five ranges: 150–160 A, 180–190 A, 210–220 A, 230–240 A, and 260–270 A. The welding voltage was automatically matched by a unified welding power supply, and the welding speed was fixed at 320 mm / min. The width of the free surfacing weld bead corresponding to each welding current range was measured sequentially.

[0065] (2) Series of welding speed free surfacing tests

[0066] Four types of 1.0 mm diameter gas metal arc welding wires were used to conduct free surfacing tests under a series of welding speeds. The welding speeds employed included five cumulative speeds: 300 mm / min, 350 mm / min, 400 mm / min, 450 mm / min, and 500 mm / min. The welding current was fixed at 220–230 A, and the welding voltage was automatically matched by a unified welding power supply. The width of the free surfacing weld bead was measured sequentially for each welding speed.

[0067] Step 3: Fitting the linear correlation between welding current and free weld bead width and welding speed and free weld bead width.

[0068] Based on the free weld bead widths obtained under the series of welding current conditions and the series of welding speed conditions obtained in step two, linear correlation fitting was performed with welding current and welding speed as the abscissa and the corresponding free weld bead width as the ordinate, and the linear correlation slope k and linear correlation coefficient r were extracted respectively. The specific results are shown in Table 1. Figure 4 The figure shown is a linear correlation fitting diagram between welding current and the width of the free weld bead. Figure 5 The figure shown is a linear correlation fitting diagram between welding speed and free weld bead width.

[0069] Step 4: Evaluation of the adaptability of welding wire to all-position welding formation based on linear correlation slope k and correlation coefficient r

[0070] According to the criteria for adaptability of welding wire to all-position welding, the order of adaptability of the four welding wires to all-position welding from high to low is: welding wire 1, welding wire 3, welding wire 2, and welding wire 4. Among them, welding wire 1 and welding wire 3 meet the criteria for adaptability of welding wire to all-position welding and have good adaptability to all-position welding; while welding wire 2 and welding wire 4 do not meet the criteria for adaptability of welding wire to all-position welding and have poor adaptability to all-position welding.

[0071] Table 1. Evaluation of the adaptability of four welding wires for all-position welding formation

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] Those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any variations or modifications to the above embodiments that are within the spirit and essence of the present invention will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire to all-position welding formation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, a series of free welding current tests and a series of free welding speed tests were conducted using a free welding evaluation organization, and test data were collected. S2. Based on the results of the welding test, the linear correlation between welding current and free weld width and welding speed and free weld width were fitted, and the linear correlation slope and correlation coefficient were extracted. S3. Establish the adaptability criteria for all-position welding formation of welding wire, and evaluate the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire for all-position welding formation.

2. The method for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire to all-position welding formation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the free welding evaluation mechanism includes a free welding base plate; a V-shaped auxiliary groove is provided at the center of the free welding base plate, and a water cooling pipe is provided below the free welding base plate at a position corresponding to the V-shaped auxiliary groove.

3. The method for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire to all-position welding formation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the series of free welding current surfacing tests in step S1: Based on the actual pipeline all-position welding design series welding current, the welding voltage is automatically matched by the welding power source, and the welding speed is fixed at 320mm / min. After completing the free surfacing test of the welding wire to be evaluated on the free surfacing evaluation mechanism, the width of the free surfacing bead corresponding to each welding current is measured in sequence.

4. The method for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire to all-position welding formation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The series of welding currents includes 150-160A, 180-190A, 210-220A, 230-240A, and 260-270A.

5. The method for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire to all-position welding formation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the series of free surfacing welding tests at welding speeds in step S1: Based on the actual pipeline all-position welding design series welding speed, the welding current is 220~230A, the welding voltage is automatically matched by the welding power source, and after the free surfacing test of the welding wire to be evaluated is completed on the free surfacing evaluation mechanism, the width of the free surfacing bead corresponding to each welding speed is measured in sequence.

6. The method for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire to all-position welding formation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The range of welding speeds for this series is 300–500 mm / min.

7. The method for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire to all-position welding formation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2: Based on the experimental data collected in step S1, linear correlation fitting was performed with welding current or welding speed as the abscissa and the corresponding free weld bead width as the ordinate, and the corresponding linear correlation slope and correlation coefficient were extracted respectively.

8. The method for evaluating the adaptability of gas-shielded solid welding wire to all-position welding formation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the adaptability criterion for all-position welding formation of the welding wire is as follows: When |k I | = 0.07 ~ 0.10, |r I |>0.95, and |k S | = 0.03~0.05、|r S When |>0.95, from the perspective of uniform spreading and forming, the gas-shielded solid welding wire has good adaptability to all-position welding forming; otherwise, the gas-shielded solid welding wire has poor adaptability to all-position welding forming. Where, k I It is the slope of the linear correlation between welding current and the width of the free weld bead, r. I It is the linear correlation coefficient between welding current and the width of the free weld bead; k S It is the slope of the linear correlation between welding speed and free weld bead width, r S It is the linear correlation coefficient between welding speed and the width of the free weld bead.

Images