Low-temperature printing ink, photovoltaic backboard glass, preparation method of photovoltaic backboard glass and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention provides low-temperature printing ink, photovoltaic backboard glass, a preparation method of the photovoltaic backboard glass and a photovoltaic module, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic printing ink. The low-temperature printing ink is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 20 parts of modified epoxy resin, 15 to 30 parts of light-cured resin, 10 to 40 parts of filler, 1 to 10 parts of curing agent, 1 to 5 parts of silane coupling agent, 5 to 20 parts of diluent and 1 to 10 parts of additive. Rapid curing is achieved in a light curing mode, the production efficiency is high, the cost is low, high-temperature tempering is not needed, the stress difference between a grid part and a transparent glass part is small, the risk of sheet explosion is avoided, back grid glass coating can be achieved, and the back power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic ink technology, and in particular to a low-temperature ink, photovoltaic backsheet glass and its preparation method, and photovoltaic modules. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the photovoltaic industry primarily uses rolled glass as the substrate glass for screen-printed backsheets. Due to the thickness differences in rolled glass and the traditional enamel printing process, uneven stress and abnormal warping often occur after being tempered at high temperatures. In end-use applications, enamel-coated grid glass frequently experiences breakage under conditions such as strong winds or hail.

[0003] Traditional glazing has low reflectivity and high curing temperature, which can easily lead to screen printing defects such as missing prints, ink overflow, and pinholes, reducing the yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a low-temperature ink, a photovoltaic backsheet glass, a method for preparing the same, and a photovoltaic module to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a low-temperature ink, the raw materials of which, by weight, include:

[0007] 10-20 parts modified epoxy resin, 15-30 parts UV-curable resin, 10-50 parts filler, 1-10 parts curing agent, 1-5 parts silane coupling agent, 5-10 parts diluent, and 1-10 parts additives.

[0008] Optionally, the low-temperature ink satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0009] A. The modified epoxy resin includes acrylic modified epoxy resin or silicone modified epoxy resin;

[0010] B. The photocurable resin includes aliphatic polyurethane acrylate and / or aliphatic polyester acrylate;

[0011] C. The filler comprises metal oxide particles;

[0012] D. The curing agent includes one or more of the following: photoinitiator 907, photoinitiator 369, photoinitiator 184, photoinitiator 819, photoinitiator 1173, photoinitiator DETX, photoinitiator ITX, and photoinitiator BP;

[0013] E. Silane coupling agents include one or more of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane;

[0014] F. The diluent comprises one or more of the following: butyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, phenethyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentapentapentapentapentapentapentapentapentapentaacrylate, and dipentapentapentapentapentapentapentapentapentaacrylate;

[0015] G. The additives include one or more of the following: tack remover, desiccant, anti-drying agent, and thinner;

[0016] H. The viscosity of the low-temperature ink is such that the outflow time from a No. 3 Zahn cup is 10-15 seconds;

[0017] I. The particle size of the low-temperature ink is 2μm-8μm.

[0018] Optionally, the low-temperature ink satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0019] A. The metal oxide particles include one or more of titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, magnesium oxide, and iron oxide;

[0020] B. The modified epoxy resin contains unsaturated functional groups with a functionality of 2-4.

[0021] A second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic backsheet glass, including a substrate and a low-temperature ink layer disposed on the surface of the substrate;

[0022] The raw material for the low-temperature ink layer includes the aforementioned low-temperature ink.

[0023] Optionally, the thickness of the low-temperature ink layer is 10μm-30μm.

[0024] A third aspect of this application provides a method for preparing the photovoltaic backsheet glass described above, comprising:

[0025] The substrate is transferred to the printing press station and positioned.

[0026] Adjust the squeegee to screen print the low-temperature ink onto the substrate surface to obtain the printed substrate;

[0027] The printed substrate is subjected to image detection. When the image detection is qualified, the printed substrate is cured to obtain a cured substrate.

[0028] The reflectivity of the cured substrate is tested, and when the reflectivity test is qualified, the photovoltaic backsheet glass is output.

[0029] Optionally, the method for preparing the photovoltaic backplane glass satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0030] A. The angle between the scraper and the printing surface of the substrate is 20°-80°;

[0031] B. The Shore hardness of the scraper is ≥80°;

[0032] C. The moving speed of the scraper is 0.05m / s-1m / s;

[0033] D. The air humidity for the screen printing is 35%-75%;

[0034] E. The temperature for the screen printing is 20°C-26°C;

[0035] F. The screen distance for the screen printing is 3mm-9mm, and the mesh count of the screen plate is 100 mesh-150 mesh;

[0036] G. The substrate includes fully tempered glass and / or semi-tempered glass;

[0037] H. The wavelength for the curing is 200nm-395nm, and the time is 1s-60s.

[0038] Optionally, the method for preparing the photovoltaic backplane glass satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0039] A. The positioning includes: using a cylinder drive to perform equidistant positioning on the substrate, and a suction cup is provided at the bottom of the substrate for adsorption to fix the substrate;

[0040] B. The image detection includes: performing image data detection on the printed substrate;

[0041] D. After the image detection or the reflectivity detection is unqualified, the printed substrate or the cured substrate is automatically taken off the line and soaked in a cleaning agent to obtain a soaked substrate;

[0042] The soaked substrate is filtered, cleaned, and dried to obtain a processed substrate;

[0043] The processed substrate is returned and conveyed to the printing machine station;

[0044] E. The reflectivity obtained from the reflectivity inspection is greater than or equal to 80% as qualified.

[0045] Optionally, the method for preparing the photovoltaic backplane glass satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0046] A. The image data detection includes:

[0047] The image information of the printed substrate is acquired, and the image data is obtained by color detection based on the image information.

[0048] Based on the sample data of the printed substrate and historical detection data, the image data is compared and the detection results are output.

[0049] B. The cleaning agent includes one or more of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, isomethyl methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, xylene, and petroleum ether.

[0050] The fourth aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic module, including the photovoltaic backsheet glass or the photovoltaic backsheet glass prepared by the method of preparing the photovoltaic backsheet glass.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application include:

[0052] The low-temperature ink provided in this application achieves rapid curing through photocuring, resulting in high production efficiency and low cost. It does not require high-temperature tempering, has a small stress difference between the grid area and the transparent glass area, eliminates the risk of breakage, and can achieve back-side grid glass coating, greatly improving the back-side power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules.

[0053] The photovoltaic backsheet glass provided in this application uses a high-reflectivity metal oxide, increases the proportion of metal oxide added to the ink (up to 50% of the ink), and increases the printing thickness of the grid (up to 30µm), thereby obtaining a high-reflectivity photovoltaic backsheet glass that effectively improves the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules.

[0054] The photovoltaic backsheet glass preparation method provided in this application improves the yield rate through two-stage inspection; by adjusting the squeegee and using low-temperature ink, screen printing defects such as missing prints, ink overflow, and pinholes can be effectively avoided; the low-temperature ink makes the screen printing process smoother, effectively reducing the wear of the screen printing plate and saving manufacturing costs.

[0055] The photovoltaic modules provided in this application have uniform stress and are not prone to warping around the edges. Attached Figure Description

[0056] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope of this application.

[0057] Figure 1 The flowchart shows the preparation method of the photovoltaic backsheet glass provided in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0058] As used in this article:

[0059] "Prepared from" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", or any other variations thereof as used herein are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, step, method, article, or apparatus that includes the listed elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or elements inherent to such composition, step, method, article, or apparatus.

[0060] The conjunction "composed of..." excludes any unspecified elements, steps, or components. If used in a claim, this phrase makes the claim closed, excluding materials other than those described, except for associated conventional impurities. When the phrase "composed of..." appears in a clause of the body of a claim rather than immediately following it, it limits only the elements described in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

[0061] When a quantity, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, a preferred range, or a range defined by a series of upper and lower preferred values, this should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by any pair of any upper or preferred value with any lower or preferred value, regardless of whether the range is disclosed individually. For example, when the range “1–5” is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted as including ranges “1–4”, “1–3”, “1–2”, “1–2 and 4–5”, “1–3 and 5”, etc. When numerical ranges are described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include its endpoints and all integers and fractions within that range.

[0062] In these embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the portions and percentages are all by weight.

[0063] "Parts by mass" refers to the basic unit of measurement that expresses the mass ratio of multiple components. One part can represent any unit mass, such as 1g or 2.689g. If we say that component A has "a" parts by mass and component B has "b" parts by mass, it means the ratio of the mass of component A to the mass of component B is a:b. Alternatively, it can mean that the mass of component A is aK and the mass of component B is bK (K is any number representing a multiplier). It is important to understand that, unlike the number of parts by mass, the sum of the mass parts of all components is not limited to 100 parts.

[0064] "And / or" is used to indicate that one or both of the described situations may occur, for example, A and / or B includes (A and B) and (A or B).

[0065] The first aspect of this application provides a low-temperature ink, the raw materials of which, by weight, include:

[0066] 10-20 parts modified epoxy resin, 15-30 parts UV-curable resin, 10-50 parts filler, 1-10 parts curing agent, 1-5 parts silane coupling agent, 5-10 parts diluent, and 1-10 parts additives.

[0067] Optionally, the raw materials of the low-temperature ink, by weight, can be: modified epoxy resin, any value between 10 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts, or 10-20 parts; photocurable resin, any value between 15 parts, 20 parts, 25 parts, 30 parts, or 15-30 parts; filler, any value between 10 parts, 20 parts, 30 parts, 40 parts, 50 parts, or 10-50 parts; curing agent, any value between 1 part, 5 parts, 10 parts, or 1-10 parts; silane coupling agent, any value between 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, or 1-5 parts; diluent, any value between 5 parts, 10 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts, or 5-20 parts; and additives, any value between 1 part, 5 parts, 10 parts, or 1-10 parts.

[0068] It should be noted that the low-temperature ink selected in this application, through the combination of various raw materials, can achieve the following effects:

[0069] 1. Improved ink adhesion: Low-temperature inks can increase the adhesion of inks to the substrate. Under low-temperature conditions, the adhesion of many traditional inks decreases, while low-temperature inks can maintain good adhesion at low temperatures by adjusting their molecular structure to enhance the interaction with the substrate, thus meeting the application requirements under different environmental conditions.

[0070] 2. Improve ink flowability: In the screen printing process, ink needs to have good flowability to ensure uniform printing. Low-temperature inks can optimize ink flowability by adjusting viscosity, so that they can still maintain a "silky" printing effect at low temperatures. This is because the modified ink can still maintain good printability at low viscosity and will not become too viscous due to temperature changes, thus affecting the printing quality.

[0071] 3. Enhance the weather resistance and water resistance of inks: Low-temperature inks can improve the weather resistance and water resistance of inks. In low-temperature environments, inks may face the erosion of moisture. Modified epoxy resins can form a more uniform and dense ink film, thereby improving the water resistance and weather resistance of inks.

[0072] 4. Reduce the film-forming temperature of ink: Traditional acrylic emulsions require high temperatures to form a uniform ink film. Through modification, the film-forming temperature of ink can be reduced, allowing it to dry quickly and form a uniform ink film at lower temperatures. This has a positive impact on improving production efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

[0073] 5. Improve the gloss and transparency of inks: Low-temperature inks can improve the gloss and transparency of inks. At low temperatures, the gloss and transparency of inks may be affected, while low-temperature inks can maintain good optical properties under low-temperature conditions.

[0074] In summary, the viscosity settings and raw material selection for low-temperature inks are designed to ensure good printability under low-temperature conditions. This includes improving adhesion, enhancing flowability, increasing weather and water resistance, lowering film-forming temperature, and improving gloss and transparency. These properties work together to enable modified acrylic low-temperature inks to achieve a smoother printing effect during screen printing, thereby improving printing quality and production efficiency.

[0075] In some embodiments, the low-temperature ink satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0076] A. The modified epoxy resin includes acrylic modified epoxy resin and / or silicone modified epoxy resin;

[0077] B. The photocurable resin includes aliphatic polyurethane acrylate and / or aliphatic polyester acrylate;

[0078] C. The filler comprises metal oxide particles;

[0079] D. The curing agent includes one or more of the following: photoinitiator 907, photoinitiator 369, photoinitiator 184, photoinitiator 819, photoinitiator 1173, photoinitiator DETX, photoinitiator ITX, and photoinitiator BP;

[0080] E. Silane coupling agents include one or more of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane;

[0081] F. The diluent comprises one or more of the following: butyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, phenethyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentapentapentapentapentapentapentapentapentapentaacrylate, and dipentapentapentapentapentapentapentapentapentaacrylate;

[0082] G. The additives include one or more of the following: tack remover, desiccant, anti-drying agent, and thinner;

[0083] In some embodiments, the adhesive remover may be one or more compounds of the thinner, including waxes and esters;

[0084] In some embodiments, the desiccant may be one or more of metal soap compounds and drying oils;

[0085] In some embodiments, the anti-drying agent may be one or more of benzoate and phosphate ester;

[0086] In some embodiments, the diluent may be one or more of resins and oil compounds;

[0087] H. The viscosity of the low-temperature ink is such that the outflow time from a No. 3 Zahn cup is 10-15 seconds;

[0088] Optionally, the viscosity of the low-temperature ink can be any value between 10 seconds, 11 seconds, 12 seconds, 13 seconds, 14 seconds, 15 seconds or 10 seconds and 15 seconds for the outflow time of No. 3 Zahn cup;

[0089] It should be added that the viscosity of low-temperature inks is important. If the viscosity is too low, problems such as ink leakage, overflow, and insufficient reflectivity due to insufficient ink layer thickness are likely to occur during printing. If the viscosity is too high, problems such as plate clogging, plate sticking, and insufficient curing of ink layers are likely to occur.

[0090] I. The particle size of the low-temperature ink is 2μm-8μm.

[0091] Optionally, the particle size of the low-temperature ink can be any value between 2μm, 3μm, 4μm, 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, 8μm or 2μm-8μm.

[0092] It's important to note that if the particle size of low-temperature inks is too small, grinding efficiency is significantly reduced, leading to higher costs; conversely, if the particle size is too large, it may cause problems such as clogging, impurities, and pinholes during printing. Furthermore, modified acrylic low-temperature inks with a particle size in the range of 2μm-8μm can improve print quality. Finer particle size provides a smoother, more uniform printing effect. In screen printing, finer ink particles can pass through the mesh more effectively, reducing clogging and achieving a finer finish. It also improves ink flowability, making it easier to spread and distribute during printing. Finally, it enhances ink stability, reducing sedimentation and stratification during storage and use. This ensures consistent ink performance throughout the printing process and minimizes the risk of ink clogging during screen printing. The modified acrylic low-temperature ink particle size reduces failure rates and enhances ink gloss and transparency. Finer particles reflect light better, improving reflection efficiency. It also improves ink adhesion; finer particles increase the contact area between the ink and glass, thus enhancing adhesion and improving durability and longevity under various environmental conditions. Finally, it reduces environmental pollution; using finer particles reduces the content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ink, thus reducing its environmental impact. This is crucial for producing environmentally friendly inks and meeting increasingly stringent environmental regulations. In summary, the particle size setting of modified acrylic low-temperature inks aims to improve printing quality, ink flow and stability, enhance gloss and transparency, improve adhesion, and reduce environmental pollution, thereby achieving a smoother screen printing process and technical effect.

[0093] In some embodiments, the low-temperature ink satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0094] A. The metal oxide particles include one or more of titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, magnesium oxide, and iron oxide;

[0095] B. The modified epoxy resin contains unsaturated functional groups with a functionality of 2-4.

[0096] Optionally, the functionality of the modified epoxy resin can be any value between 2, 3, 4, or 2-4.

[0097] A second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic backsheet glass, including a substrate and a low-temperature ink layer disposed on the surface of the substrate;

[0098] The raw material for the low-temperature ink layer includes the aforementioned low-temperature ink.

[0099] In some embodiments, the thickness of the low-temperature ink layer is 10μm-30μm.

[0100] Optionally, the thickness of the low-temperature ink layer can be any value between 10μm, 15μm, 20μm, 25μm, 30μm, or 10μm-30μm.

[0101] It should be noted that when the thickness of the low-temperature ink layer is 10μm-30μm, if the ink layer is too thin, the reflectivity of the grid glass may not meet the standard, which will reduce the power generation efficiency of the module; if the ink layer is too thick, the cost will be high, and the bottom of the ink layer may not be completely cured, affecting the safety performance of the module.

[0102] It should also be noted that, in the photovoltaic field, the modified acrylic low-temperature ink, compared to conventional enamel-coated back glass, has the following reasons and beneficial effects due to its lower particle size and thinner ink thickness:

[0103] 1. Improve reflectivity and power generation efficiency: Modified acrylic low-temperature inks are used in photovoltaic backsheet glass. The combination of these components can reduce light transmission and increase light reflection, thereby improving the reflectivity of photovoltaic backsheet glass and thus improving power generation efficiency.

[0104] 2. Reduce costs: Thinning the ink reduces costs and decreases material usage;

[0105] 3. Improved weather resistance and corrosion resistance: Due to the synergistic effect of its various components, modified acrylic low-temperature ink can effectively improve the weather resistance and corrosion resistance of photovoltaic backsheet glass, which is beneficial for extending the service life of photovoltaic modules.

[0106] 4. Reduced process steps and costs: The application of low-temperature inks reduces process steps and labor and equipment costs;

[0107] 5. Improved printing quality: Fine particles improve printing quality and enhance printing effects, which is beneficial to both the aesthetics and functionality of photovoltaic modules;

[0108] 6. Adapting to the trend of thinner glass: With the trend of photovoltaic glass becoming thinner, and the development of 3.2mm, 2.0mm and even thinner 1.6mm glass, modified acrylic low-temperature inks can better adapt to this and provide good adhesion and performance on thinner substrates;

[0109] 7. High water resistance and anti-fouling properties: Modified acrylic low-temperature inks, by adding specific functional monomers and modifiers, such as epoxy resins, can improve the water resistance and anti-fouling properties of the inks, thereby improving the performance and reliability of photovoltaic modules under various environmental conditions;

[0110] In summary, the modified acrylic low-temperature ink's low particle size and reduced ink thickness are designed to improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules, reduce costs, enhance weather resistance and corrosion resistance, and simultaneously reduce process steps and costs in the production process, in order to adapt to the development trend of the photovoltaic industry.

[0111] A third aspect of this application provides a method for preparing the photovoltaic backsheet glass described above, comprising:

[0112] The substrate is transferred to the printing press station and positioned.

[0113] Adjust the squeegee to screen print the low-temperature ink onto the substrate surface to obtain the printed substrate;

[0114] The printed substrate is subjected to image detection. When the image detection is qualified, the printed substrate is cured to obtain a cured substrate.

[0115] The reflectivity of the cured substrate is tested, and when the reflectivity test is qualified, the photovoltaic backsheet glass is output.

[0116] In some optional embodiments, if a screen printing and / or curing failure occurs, and the repair time is ≤20 minutes, the storage lifting platform is activated to temporarily store 100 substrates. Normal production resumes after the failure is resolved. If the repair time is >20 minutes, the storage lifting platform is activated, and the diversion line is activated to divert the substrates to be screen printed and / or cured to other machines of the same type for production.

[0117] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the photovoltaic backsheet glass satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0118] A. The angle between the doctor blade and the printing surface of the substrate is 20°-80°;

[0119] Optionally, the angle between the squeegee and the printing surface of the substrate can be any value between 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80° or 20°-80°;

[0120] It is important to note the angle between the squeegee and the printing surface of the substrate. If the angle is too small, it may result in excessively thick printing, incomplete curing of the ink layer at the bottom, and unclear printing patterns. If the angle is too large, the printing pressure will be too high, which may reduce the lifespan of the screen and result in unclear printing patterns.

[0121] It is also important to note that during the screen printing process, adjusting the angle between the squeegee and the printing surface of the substrate can effectively prevent screen printing defects such as missed prints, ink overflow, and pinholes. The reasons for adjusting the squeegee angle and its beneficial effects are as follows:

[0122] 1. Ensure uniform ink coating: The appropriate squeegee angle can ensure that the ink is evenly coated on the printing template, thereby obtaining a clear and stable printing effect. When the squeegee angle is too small, the ink cannot be fully coated, resulting in incomplete printing pattern, uneven color, or even missing print. On the other hand, if the squeegee angle is too large, it will cause excessive ink coating, resulting in problems such as blurred edges of the printed pattern and ink accumulation.

[0123] 2. Optimize ink transfer: Adjusting the squeegee angle can affect the efficiency of ink transfer through the screen mesh. If the angle is too small, the ink may not be able to pass through the mesh effectively, while if the angle is too large, too much ink may be transferred, affecting the clarity and quality of the pattern.

[0124] 3. Reduce printing defects: By adjusting the squeegee angle, printing defects such as pinholes and missing prints caused by uneven squeegee pressure or poor ink flow can be reduced. An appropriate squeegee angle helps to form a uniform ink layer during the printing process and avoids defects caused by uneven ink layer.

[0125] 4. Improve print quality: A suitable squeegee angle helps improve print quality, ensuring the clarity and uniformity of the printed pattern;

[0126] 5. Adaptability to different ink properties: Modified acrylic low-temperature inks may have different flow and viscosity characteristics. By adjusting the doctor blade angle, these characteristics can be adapted to ensure the stability and uniformity of the ink during the printing process.

[0127] 6. Reduce material waste: A suitable squeegee angle can reduce material waste caused by printing defects. Precise control of ink transfer can reduce ink overflow and missed areas, thereby improving material utilization.

[0128] 7. Improve production efficiency: By optimizing the squeegee angle, rework and downtime caused by printing quality problems can be reduced, thereby improving production efficiency;

[0129] In conclusion, adjusting the angle between the squeegee and the printing surface of the substrate is a crucial step in screen printing, directly affecting the printing quality and effect.

[0130] B. The Shore hardness of the scraper is ≥80°;

[0131] Optionally, the Shore hardness of the scraper can be any value of 80°, 100°, 150°, 200° or ≥80°;

[0132] C. The moving speed of the scraper is 0.05m / s-1m / s;

[0133] It should be noted that the squeegee pushes the low-temperature ink through the screen printing stencil holes and prints it onto the glass surface. After the squeegee passes through, the stencil automatically lifts up, ensuring the uniformity of the low-temperature ink printing thickness.

[0134] D. The air humidity for the screen printing is 35%-75%;

[0135] Optionally, the air humidity for screen printing can be any value between 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, or 35%-75%.

[0136] E. The screen printing temperature is 20℃-26℃;

[0137] Optionally, the screen printing temperature can be any value between 20℃, 21℃, 22℃, 23℃, 24℃, 25℃, 26℃, or 20℃-26℃.

[0138] It is important to note that in order to ensure that the viscosity of the low-temperature ink remains stable during repeated printing, the screen printing temperature is set to 20℃-26℃ and the air humidity to 35%-75%. Under these conditions, the low-temperature ink has the best stability and can ensure that the viscosity of the low-temperature ink remains stable during repeated printing, without the viscosity changing due to excessive evaporation of the diluent in the low-temperature ink.

[0139] F. The screen printing distance is 3mm-9mm, and the screen mesh count is 100-150 mesh;

[0140] Optionally, the screen printing distance can be any value between 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm or 3mm-9mm, and the screen mesh count can be any value between 100 mesh, 120 mesh, 150 mesh or 100-150 mesh.

[0141] In some optional embodiments, the mesh count of the screen printing stencil is 100-150 mesh; the larger the mesh count, the smaller the mesh opening. The combination of the screen printing stencil mesh count and the low-temperature ink allows the low-temperature ink to pass smoothly through the mesh opening of the stencil and act on the substrate, ensuring the filling amount of the grid lines.

[0142] It is important to note that the combination of screen mesh count, the angle between the squeegee and the printing surface of the substrate, and the hardness of the squeegee itself can control the amount of low-temperature ink applied to the substrate, while ensuring the uniformity of the low-temperature ink coating thickness. This can be achieved through new low-temperature ink formulations and adjustments to the processing technology.

[0143] It should also be noted that in the screen printing process, the synergistic effect between screen printing parameters and low-temperature ink formulation is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0144] 1. Selection of screen mesh count: The screen mesh count determines the size of the mesh openings, which directly affects the amount of ink transferred and the thickness of the coating. Selecting the appropriate screen mesh count can ensure proper ink transfer and avoid ink leakage and ink overflow.

[0145] 2. Angle between the doctor blade and the printing surface of the substrate: The size of the doctor blade angle affects the ink transfer efficiency and coating uniformity. A smaller doctor blade angle may result in an excessively thick coating, while a larger angle may result in an excessively thin coating. By adjusting the doctor blade angle, the ink distribution can be optimized and printing defects such as missing prints and pinholes can be reduced.

[0146] 3. Squeegee hardness: The hardness of the squeegee affects its shear force on the ink and the smoothness of the coating. Appropriate squeegee hardness can ensure the uniform distribution of ink during the printing process and avoid screen deformation or excessive ink transfer due to excessive pressure.

[0147] 4. Adjustment of ink viscosity: The viscosity of low-temperature ink needs to be matched with the screen printing parameters to ensure smooth ink transfer and uniform coating. Too high a viscosity may lead to missing prints or uneven coating, while too low a viscosity may lead to ink overflow or an excessively thin coating.

[0148] 5. UV lamp curing: Since the curing temperature of modified acrylic low-temperature ink is relatively low, optimizing the curing conditions can improve production efficiency while ensuring the quality and performance of the coating.

[0149] 6. Low-temperature ink formulation: By improving the ink formulation, the fluidity and stability of the ink are enhanced, thereby achieving a more uniform coating thickness and better print quality during the printing process;

[0150] 7. Control of printing pressure and speed: Proper control of printing pressure and speed can further optimize ink transfer and coating uniformity. This needs to be matched with ink viscosity and screen mesh count to avoid printing defects.

[0151] In summary, the synergistic effect between screen printing parameters and low-temperature ink formulation is achieved by precisely controlling the ink transfer volume, coating thickness and uniformity, as well as optimizing curing conditions and ink flowability. This effectively avoids screen printing defects such as missed printing, ink overflow, and pinholes. This synergistic effect helps improve printing quality and production efficiency, while reducing energy consumption and material costs.

[0152] G. The substrate comprises fully tempered glass and / or semi-tempered glass;

[0153] In some embodiments, the shape of the substrate includes a rectangle, a square, a circle, or any other shape.

[0154] H. The curing wavelength is 200nm-395nm, and the time is 1s-60s.

[0155] Optionally, the curing wavelength can be any value between 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 350nm, 395nm, or 200nm-395nm, and the time can be any value between 1s, 10s, 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, or 1s-60s.

[0156] In some optional embodiments, a tunnel-type UV curing device is used for curing. The tunnel-type UV curing device is equipped with 5-20 UV lamps and divided into 5 zones, with the zones spaced 200mm-600mm apart on the left and right.

[0157] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the photovoltaic backsheet glass satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0158] A. The positioning includes: using a cylinder to drive the base to position it at equal intervals, and the base is provided with a suction cup at the bottom for adsorption, thereby fixing the base;

[0159] B. The image detection includes: performing image data detection on the printed substrate;

[0160] The image data includes one or more of the following: grid length value, grid width value, thickness of low-temperature ink, and distance between edge grid lines and glass edge;

[0161] It should also be noted that the printed surface includes the screen-printed area and the blank area. The screen-printed area includes the grid lines and their intersecting points, while the other areas are blank areas.

[0162] In some embodiments, image detection includes AI visual detection and / or manual detection;

[0163] In some embodiments, during manual inspection, the thickness of the blank area is measured using a thickness gauge to obtain the thickness value of the blank area; the thickness of the grid line area is measured using a thickness gauge to obtain the thickness value of the grid line area; the thickness value of the grid line ink is calculated based on the thickness values ​​of the blank area and the grid line area; the length of the grid is measured using a vernier caliper to obtain the length value of the grid; the width of the grid is measured using a vernier caliper to obtain the width value of the grid; and the distance between the edge grid line and the glass edge is measured using a vernier caliper to obtain the distance between the edge grid line and the glass edge.

[0164] In some embodiments, AI visual inspection utilizes deep learning algorithms and computer vision technology to effectively acquire and analyze image data, thereby enabling precise measurement of parameters such as grid length, grid width, low-temperature ink thickness, and the distance between edge grid lines and glass edges. The following outlines the application principles and advantages of AI visual inspection in these areas:

[0165] Measuring raster length and width: AI vision inspection systems can identify raster edges in images using image processing techniques, such as edge detection algorithms (e.g., Sobel operator, Canny operator, etc.). By calculating the pixel distance between edges, the length and width of the raster can be accurately measured. This allows for quick and accurate acquisition of raster dimensions without manual intervention, improving measurement efficiency and accuracy.

[0166] Measurement of low-temperature ink thickness: By using a deep learning model, the AI ​​vision inspection system can analyze images of ink coatings and identify the coating thickness based on training data. Continuous deep learning training on the images enables the model to predict thickness values ​​based on image features.

[0167] Measurement of the distance between edge grid lines and glass edge: Similar to the measurement of grid size, AI vision inspection systems can use image processing technology to identify edge grid lines and glass edges, and then measure the distance between them. AI vision inspection technology can provide fast and consistent measurement results;

[0168] To avoid screen printing defects such as missed prints, ink overflow, and pinholes: AI vision inspection systems can monitor the printing process in real time, analyzing printed images to detect potential defects such as missed prints, ink overflow, and pinholes. The system can be configured to automatically alarm or adjust printing parameters when these defects are detected, thereby reducing the production of defective products.

[0169] Synergistic effect between screen printing parameters and low-temperature ink formulation: The AI ​​vision inspection system can be combined with printing press parameter settings, such as screen mesh count, squeegee angle, and squeegee hardness, to optimize the printing process. Through real-time feedback and adjustments, the system can ensure uniform distribution of low-temperature inks and appropriate coating thickness, while reducing printing defects.

[0170] In summary, AI visual inspection technology, through deep learning and computer vision algorithms, can effectively control the role of low-temperature inks in the screen printing process, ensuring print quality, improving production efficiency, and reducing waste through precise measurement and real-time monitoring.

[0171] C. When the image detection or the reflectance detection fails, the printed substrate or the cured substrate is automatically removed from the production line and soaked in a cleaning agent to obtain the soaked substrate;

[0172] The soaked substrate is drained, cleaned, and dried to obtain a processed substrate;

[0173] The processed substrate is returned and conveyed to the printing machine station;

[0174] In some embodiments, the unqualified printed substrate or cured substrate is first pre-wetted, soaked in a cleaning agent for 15 s - 60 s, and then drained, cleaned, and dried;

[0175] In some alternative embodiments, cleaning is performed using a cleaning device. The cleaning device includes three water tanks connected in sequence and a blower. The liquid in each water tank is set to circulate by itself. The three water tanks are in a connected state. Brushes are provided inside each water tank and in the connection channels. The unqualified printed substrate or cured substrate passes through each water tank, and water is sprayed from the upper and lower sides of the connection channels. At the same time, the brushes on both sides are used for brushing. The unqualified printed substrate or cured substrate is cleaned by passing through the three water tanks in sequence, and the oil stains and dust on the substrate are removed to ensure the cleanliness of the substrate, so as to improve the yield of low-temperature ink glass.

[0176] E. The reflectivity obtained by the reflectivity inspection is greater than or equal to 80% as qualified.

[0177] In some alternative embodiments, a spectrophotometer is used for reflectivity inspection. The specific method includes: performing zero calibration and 100% calibration before operation; setting the 550 nm band as the determination area, placing the printed substrate, and opening the upper observation hole in the test area; reading the SCE mode value, taking three points each from the upper, middle, and lower parts, a total of 9 points, and taking the average of the 9 points.

[0178] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the photovoltaic backplane glass satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0179] A. The image data detection includes:

[0180] Collecting the image information of the printed substrate, and performing color detection based on the image information to obtain the image data;

[0181] Comparing the image data with the sample data and historical detection data of the printed substrate, and outputting the detection result;

[0182] B. The cleaning agent includes one or more of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, isomethyl butyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, xylene, and petroleum ether.

[0183] In some alternative embodiments, a photovoltaic backsheet glass manufacturing apparatus is used, which includes: a positioning structure, a storage lifting frame, a fully automatic screen printing device, an inspection device, and a tunnel UV curing machine connected in sequence by a conveyor belt. The outlets of the fully automatic screen printing device and the tunnel UV curing machine are connected to the inlet of a cleaning device, and the cleaning device is also connected to a drying device.

[0184] The fourth aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic module, including the photovoltaic backsheet glass or the photovoltaic backsheet glass prepared by the method of preparing the photovoltaic backsheet glass.

[0185] The implementation schemes of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are only for illustrating this application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of this application. Unless otherwise specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturers are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0186] Example 1

[0187] The first aspect of this embodiment provides a low-temperature ink, the raw materials of which, by weight, include:

[0188] 15 parts modified epoxy resin, 20 parts UV-curable resin, 35 parts filler, 8 parts curing agent, 5 parts silane coupling agent, 10 parts diluent, and 5 parts additives;

[0189] The modified epoxy resin is acrylic modified epoxy resin, the light-curing resin is aliphatic polyurethane acrylate, the filler is titanium dioxide, the curing agent is photoinitiator 907, the silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, the diluent is a mixture of butyl acrylate and isooctyl acrylate in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the additive is a resin-type diluent.

[0190] The viscosity of the modified low-temperature ink is such that the outflow time in a No. 3 Zahn cup is 10-15 seconds, and the particle size is 2μm.

[0191] A second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic backsheet glass, including a substrate glass and a low-temperature ink layer disposed on the surface of the substrate glass. The raw material of the low-temperature ink layer is the aforementioned low-temperature ink, and the thickness of the low-temperature ink layer is 10 μm.

[0192] A third aspect of this application provides a method for preparing photovoltaic backsheet glass, comprising:

[0193] The substrate glass is conveyed to the fully automatic low-temperature ink screen printing machine station via the production line. The substrate glass is initially aligned and positioned equidistantly in four directions using cylinder drive. At the same time, multiple suction cups at the bottom of the equipment are activated by cylinders to adsorb and prevent the substrate glass from shifting, thus fixing the substrate glass in position.

[0194] The edges of the screen printing stencil and the substrate glass overlap, and printing is performed along the short side direction. A squeegee is used to print from the first side of the screen printing stencil to the second side. The squeegee pushes the low-temperature ink to move through the screen printing stencil holes and print it onto the surface of the substrate glass. After the squeegee passes through, the screen automatically lifts up, resulting in the printed substrate.

[0195] Using an AI vision inspection system, the printed substrate is photographed to obtain image data, and then the data is compared. When the image inspection is qualified, the printed substrate is conveyed to the tunnel UV curing equipment through the production line for curing to obtain the cured substrate. The reflectivity of the cured substrate is then tested. When the reflectivity test is qualified, the photovoltaic backsheet glass is output.

[0196] When the image detection or reflectivity detection fails, the printed or cured substrate is automatically removed from the line and soaked in a cleaning agent to obtain the soaked substrate. The soaked substrate is then filtered, cleaned, and dried to obtain the treated substrate. The treated substrate is then returned to the printing machine station for screen printing again.

[0197] The fabrication process of this photovoltaic backsheet glass is as follows: Figure 1 As shown;

[0198] The screen printing process includes the following parameters: the angle between the squeegee and the printing surface of the substrate glass is 20°; the squeegee has a Shore hardness of ≥80°; the squeegee's moving speed is 40 mm / s; the air humidity during screen printing is 50% ± 5%, and the temperature is 23 ± 1℃; the screen printing distance is 3 mm, the screen mesh count is 100 mesh, and the substrate is fully tempered glass and / or semi-tempered glass; the curing wavelength is 200 nm, and the curing time is 25 s; the cleaning agent includes a mixture of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0199] The fourth aspect of this embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, including the photovoltaic backsheet glass described above.

[0200] Example 2

[0201] The first aspect of this embodiment provides a low-temperature ink, the raw materials of which, by weight, include:

[0202] 15 parts modified epoxy resin, 20 parts UV-curable resin, 20 parts filler, 5 parts curing agent, 4 parts silane coupling agent, 10 parts diluent, and 5 parts additives;

[0203] The modified epoxy resin is a modified acrylic-modified epoxy resin; the photocurable resin is a mixture of photoinitiator 184 and photoinitiator 819 in a 1:1 mass ratio; the filler is a mixture of titanium dioxide and alumina in a 1:1 mass ratio; the curing agent is a mixture of photoinitiator 1173 and photoinitiator DETX in a 1:1 mass ratio; the silane coupling agent is vinyltriethoxysilane; the diluent is a mixture of isooctyl acrylate and isodecyl acrylate in a 1:1 mass ratio; and the auxiliary agent is benzoate as a desiccant.

[0204] The viscosity of the modified low-temperature ink is such that the outflow time in a No. 3 Zahn cup is 10-15 seconds, and the particle size is 8μm.

[0205] A second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic backsheet glass, including a substrate glass and a low-temperature ink layer disposed on the surface of the substrate glass. The raw material of the low-temperature ink layer is the aforementioned low-temperature ink, and the thickness of the low-temperature ink layer is 15 μm.

[0206] A third aspect of this application provides a method for preparing photovoltaic backsheet glass, comprising:

[0207] The substrate glass is conveyed to the fully automatic low-temperature ink screen printing machine station via the production line. The substrate glass is initially aligned and positioned equidistantly in four directions using cylinder drive. At the same time, multiple suction cups at the bottom of the equipment are activated by cylinders to adsorb and prevent the substrate glass from shifting, thus fixing the substrate glass in position.

[0208] The edges of the screen printing stencil and the substrate glass overlap, and printing is performed along the short side direction. A squeegee is used to print from the first side of the screen printing stencil to the second side. The squeegee pushes the low-temperature ink to move through the screen printing stencil holes and print it onto the surface of the substrate glass. After the squeegee passes through, the screen automatically lifts up, resulting in the printed substrate.

[0209] Using an AI vision inspection system, the printed substrate is photographed to obtain image data, and then the data is compared. When the image inspection is qualified, the printed substrate is conveyed to the tunnel UV curing equipment through the production line for curing to obtain the cured substrate. The reflectivity of the cured substrate is then tested. When the reflectivity test is qualified, the photovoltaic backsheet glass is output.

[0210] When the image detection or reflectivity detection fails, the printed or cured substrate is automatically removed from the line and soaked in a cleaning agent to obtain the soaked substrate. The soaked substrate is then filtered, cleaned, and dried to obtain the treated substrate. The treated substrate is then returned to the printing machine station for screen printing again.

[0211] The squeegee angle with the printing surface of the substrate glass is 35°; the squeegee's Shore hardness is ≥80°; the squeegee's moving speed is 30mm / s; the air humidity during screen printing is 50%±5%, and the temperature is 23±1℃; the screen printing distance is 6, the screen mesh number is 120, and the substrate is fully tempered glass and / or semi-tempered glass; the curing wavelength is 250nm, and the time is 30s; the cleaning agent includes a mixture of isomethyl ethyl ketone and ethyl acetate in a 1:1 mass ratio.

[0212] The fourth aspect of this embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, including the photovoltaic backsheet glass described above.

[0213] Example 3

[0214] The first aspect of this embodiment provides a low-temperature ink, the raw materials of which, by weight, include:

[0215] 15 parts modified epoxy resin, 25 parts UV-curable resin, 40 parts filler, 5 parts curing agent, 2 parts silane coupling agent, 15 parts diluent, and 5 parts additives;

[0216] The modified epoxy resin is a silicone-modified epoxy resin, the photocurable resin is a non-aliphatic polyester acrylate, the filler is a mixture of alumina and zinc oxide in a 1:1 mass ratio, the curing agent is a mixture of photoinitiator DETX and photoinitiator ITX in a 1:1 mass ratio, the silane coupling agent is vinyltrimethoxysilane, the diluent is a mixture of hexanediol diacrylate and dipropylene glycol diacrylate in a 1:1 mass ratio, and the additive is a desiccant phosphate ester.

[0217] The viscosity of the modified low-temperature ink is such that the outflow time in a No. 3 Zahn cup is 10-15 seconds, and the particle size is 4μm.

[0218] A second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic backsheet glass, including a substrate glass and a low-temperature ink layer disposed on the surface of the substrate glass. The raw material of the low-temperature ink layer is the aforementioned low-temperature ink, and the thickness of the low-temperature ink layer is 20 μm.

[0219] A third aspect of this application provides a method for preparing photovoltaic backsheet glass, comprising:

[0220] The substrate glass is conveyed to the fully automatic low-temperature ink screen printing machine station via the production line. The substrate glass is initially aligned and positioned equidistantly in four directions using cylinder drive. At the same time, multiple suction cups at the bottom of the equipment are activated by cylinders to adsorb and prevent the substrate glass from shifting, thus fixing the substrate glass in position.

[0221] The edges of the screen printing stencil and the substrate glass overlap, and printing is performed along the short side direction. A squeegee is used to print from the first side of the screen printing stencil to the second side. The squeegee pushes the low-temperature ink to move through the screen printing stencil holes and print it onto the surface of the substrate glass. After the squeegee passes through, the screen automatically lifts up, resulting in the printed substrate.

[0222] Using an AI vision inspection system, the printed substrate is photographed to obtain image data, and then the data is compared. When the image inspection is qualified, the printed substrate is conveyed to the tunnel UV curing equipment through the production line for curing to obtain the cured substrate. The reflectivity of the cured substrate is then tested. When the reflectivity test is qualified, the photovoltaic backsheet glass is output.

[0223] When the image detection or reflectivity detection fails, the printed or cured substrate is automatically removed from the line and soaked in a cleaning agent to obtain the soaked substrate. The soaked substrate is then filtered, cleaned, and dried to obtain the treated substrate. The treated substrate is then returned to the printing machine station for screen printing again.

[0224] The squeegee angle with the printing surface of the substrate glass is 45°; the squeegee's Shore hardness is ≥80°; the squeegee's moving speed is 25mm / s; the air humidity during screen printing is 50%±5%, and the temperature is 23±1℃; the screen spacing is 5mm, the screen mesh count is 130 mesh, and the substrate is semi-tempered glass; the curing wavelength is 300nm, and the curing time is 35s; the cleaning agent is a mixture of ethyl acetate and butyl acetate in a 1:1 mass ratio.

[0225] The fourth aspect of this embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, including the photovoltaic backsheet glass described above.

[0226] Example 4

[0227] The first aspect of this embodiment provides a low-temperature ink, the raw materials of which, by weight, include:

[0228] 15 parts modified epoxy resin, 25 parts UV-curable resin, 35 parts filler, 10 parts curing agent, 3 parts silane coupling agent, 15 parts diluent, and 5 parts additives.

[0229] The modified epoxy resin is an acrylic-modified epoxy resin, the light-curing resin is an aliphatic polyurethane acrylate, the filler is a mixture of zinc oxide and tin oxide in a 1:1 mass ratio, the curing agent is a mixture of photoinitiator ITX and photoinitiator BP in a 1:1 mass ratio, the silane coupling agent is γ-glycidyl etheroxypropyltrimethoxysilane, the diluent is a mixture of dipentapentapentanol pentaacrylate and dipentapentapentanol hexaacrylate in a 1:1 mass ratio, and the additive is a diluent transparent oil.

[0230] The viscosity of the modified low-temperature ink is such that the outflow time in a No. 3 Zahn cup is 10-15 seconds, and the particle size is 6μm.

[0231] A second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic backsheet glass, including a substrate glass and a low-temperature ink layer disposed on the surface of the substrate glass. The raw material of the low-temperature ink layer is the aforementioned low-temperature ink, and the thickness of the low-temperature ink layer is 25 μm.

[0232] A third aspect of this application provides a method for preparing photovoltaic backsheet glass, comprising:

[0233] The substrate glass is conveyed to the fully automatic low-temperature ink screen printing machine station via the production line. The substrate glass is initially aligned and positioned equidistantly in four directions using cylinder drive. At the same time, multiple suction cups at the bottom of the equipment are activated by cylinders to adsorb and prevent the substrate glass from shifting, thus fixing the substrate glass in position.

[0234] The edges of the screen printing stencil and the substrate glass overlap, and printing is performed along the short side direction. A squeegee is used to print from the first side of the screen printing stencil to the second side. The squeegee pushes the low-temperature ink to move through the screen printing stencil holes and print it onto the surface of the substrate glass. After the squeegee passes through, the screen automatically lifts up, resulting in the printed substrate.

[0235] Using an AI vision inspection system, the printed substrate is photographed to obtain image data, and then the data is compared. When the image inspection is qualified, the printed substrate is conveyed to the tunnel UV curing equipment through the production line for curing to obtain the cured substrate. The reflectivity of the cured substrate is then tested. When the reflectivity test is qualified, the photovoltaic backsheet glass is output.

[0236] When the image detection or reflectivity detection fails, the printed or cured substrate is automatically removed from the line and soaked in a cleaning agent to obtain the soaked substrate. The soaked substrate is then filtered, cleaned, and dried to obtain the treated substrate. The treated substrate is then returned to the printing machine station for screen printing again.

[0237] The squeegee angle with the printing surface of the substrate glass is 60°; the squeegee's Shore hardness is ≥80°; the squeegee's moving speed is 25mm / s; the air humidity during screen printing is 50%±5%, and the temperature is 23±1℃; the screen printing distance is 4mm, the screen mesh count is 110 mesh, and the substrate is semi-tempered glass; the curing wavelength is 395nm, and the curing time is 35s; the cleaning agent is a 1:1 mass ratio mixture of xylene and petroleum ether.

[0238] The fourth aspect of this embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, including the photovoltaic backsheet glass described above.

[0239] Comparative Example 1

[0240] This comparative example provides an ink, a photovoltaic backsheet glass and its preparation method, and a photovoltaic module. The difference from Example 1 is that the ink in this comparative example, by weight, includes: 20 parts of modified epoxy resin tetrafunctional epoxy resin, 15 parts of photocurable resin, 30 parts of filler, 10 parts of curing agent, 15 parts of silane coupling agent, 5 parts of diluent, and 5 parts of additives. Other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0241] Comparative Example 2

[0242] This comparative example provides an ink, a photovoltaic backsheet glass and its preparation method, and a photovoltaic module. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that image detection is not performed in this comparative example, but other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0243] Comparative Example 3

[0244] This comparative example provides an ink, a photovoltaic backsheet glass and its preparation method, and a photovoltaic module. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that reflectivity testing is not performed, but other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0245] Comparative Example 4

[0246] This comparative example provides an ink, a photovoltaic backsheet glass and its preparation method, and a photovoltaic module. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the squeegee in this comparative example is perpendicular to the printing surface of the substrate, while other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0247] The inks prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to performance tests, and the specific test results are shown in Table 1.

[0248] Table 1 Performance Tests

[0249]

[0250]

[0251] The photovoltaic backsheet glass prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples was tested. The impact resistance test was conducted by dropping a steel ball weighing approximately 227g or 1043g from a height of 1m without breaking the glass. The specific test results are shown in Table 2. The hail resistance test was conducted by using hailstones ranging from 25mm to 45mm. The specific test results are shown in Table 3.

[0252] Table 2 Photovoltaic backsheet glass breakage test

[0253]

[0254] Table 3 Hail Resistance Test of Photovoltaic Backsheet Glass

[0255]

[0256]

[0257] The photovoltaic modules prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples were tested, and the specific reflectivity and yield test results are shown in Table 4.

[0258] Table 4 Photovoltaic Module Testing

[0259]

[0260] The photovoltaic modules prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples were subjected to power tests, and the specific test results are shown in Table 5.

[0261] Table 5 Photovoltaic module power test

[0262]

[0263]

[0264] As can be seen from the above embodiments and comparative examples, the application of low-temperature inks on photovoltaic backsheet glass demonstrates advantages in multiple performance tests compared to conventional enamel-coated backsheet glass. The following are some advantages of low-temperature inks and the reasons for them:

[0265] Adhesion and bonding strength: Due to its special chemical structure and formulation, low-temperature inks exhibit a stronger bond between the ink and the substrate. This improves the reliability of photovoltaic modules for long-term outdoor use and reduces delamination and damage caused by environmental changes.

[0266] UV / TC / DH performance testing: Low-temperature inks may contain more weather-resistant components, such as additives that are resistant to ultraviolet radiation and humid heat cycling, which helps improve the performance of photovoltaic backsheets when exposed to outdoor environments for a long time, maintaining their optical and mechanical properties.

[0267] Drop ball test and hail test: The high toughness and elasticity of low-temperature inks may help improve the crack resistance of photovoltaic glass when subjected to impact, thus performing better in drop ball test and hail test, meeting the requirements of photovoltaic modules for use in extreme weather conditions.

[0268] Reflectivity: Low-temperature inks contain materials with high reflectivity, which can improve the reflectivity of photovoltaic back glass, avoid the ineffective use of effective light sources, and reduce refractive losses;

[0269] Yield and module power gain: Due to the excellent properties of low-temperature inks, such as good flowability and rapid curing characteristics, production efficiency can be improved and defective products reduced during the production process, thereby increasing the yield. Simultaneously, due to its high reflectivity and other improved optical properties, it can bring about a power gain in the modules, improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules.

[0270] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0271] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features from different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of this application and form different embodiments. For example, in the foregoing claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this application and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A low-temperature ink, characterized in that, Its raw materials, by weight, include: 10-20 parts modified epoxy resin, 15-30 parts UV-curable resin, 10-40 parts filler, 1-10 parts curing agent, 1-5 parts silane coupling agent, 5-20 parts diluent, and 1-10 parts additives.

2. The low-temperature ink according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: A. The modified epoxy resin includes acrylic modified epoxy resin or silicone modified epoxy resin; B. The photocurable resin includes aliphatic polyurethane acrylate and / or aliphatic polyester acrylate; C. The filler comprises metal oxide particles; D. The curing agent includes one or more of the following: photoinitiator 907, photoinitiator 369, photoinitiator 184, photoinitiator 819, photoinitiator 1173, photoinitiator DETX, photoinitiator ITX, and photoinitiator BP; E. Silane coupling agents include one or more of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane; F. The diluent comprises one or more of the following: butyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, phenethyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentapentapentapentapentapentapentapentapentapentaacrylate, and dipentapentapentapentapentapentapentapentapentaacrylate; G. The additives include one or more of the following: tack remover, desiccant, anti-drying agent, and thinner; H. The viscosity of the low-temperature ink is such that the outflow time from a No. 3 Zahn cup is 10-15 seconds; I. The particle size of the low-temperature ink is 2μm-8μm.

3. The low-temperature ink according to claim 2, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: A. The metal oxide particles include one or more of titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, magnesium oxide, and iron oxide; B. The modified epoxy resin contains unsaturated functional groups with a functionality of 2-4.

4. A photovoltaic backsheet glass, characterized in that, Includes a substrate and a low-temperature ink layer disposed on the surface of the substrate; The raw material for the low-temperature ink layer includes the low-temperature ink as described in any one of claims 1-3.

5. The photovoltaic backsheet glass according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thickness of the low-temperature ink layer is 10μm-30μm.

6. A method for preparing photovoltaic backsheet glass according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, include: The substrate is transferred to the printing press station and positioned. Adjust the squeegee to screen print the low-temperature ink onto the substrate surface to obtain the printed substrate; The printed substrate is subjected to image detection. When the image detection is qualified, the printed substrate is cured to obtain a cured substrate. The reflectivity of the cured substrate is tested, and when the reflectivity test is qualified, the photovoltaic backsheet glass is output.

7. The method for preparing photovoltaic backsheet glass according to claim 6, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: A. The angle between the doctor blade and the printing surface of the substrate is 20°-80°; B. The Shore hardness of the scraper is ≥80°; C. The moving speed of the scraper is 0.05m / s-1m / s; D. The air humidity for the screen printing is 35%-75%; E. The screen printing temperature is 20℃-26℃; F. The screen distance of the screen printing is 3 mm - 9 mm, and the mesh count of the screen plate is 100 - 150 mesh; G. The substrate includes fully tempered glass and / or semi-tempered glass; H. The wavelength of the curing is 200 nm - 395 nm, and the time is 1 s - 60 s.

8. The method for preparing photovoltaic backsheet glass according to claim 6, characterized in that, Meet at least one of the following conditions: A. The positioning includes: using a cylinder drive to perform equidistant positioning on the substrate, and a suction cup is provided at the bottom of the substrate for adsorption to fix the substrate; B. The image detection includes: detecting the image data of the substrate after printing; C. When the image detection or the reflectivity detection is unqualified, the substrate after printing or the substrate after curing is automatically taken offline and soaked with a cleaning agent to obtain a soaked substrate; The soaked substrate is filtered, cleaned, and dried to obtain a processed substrate; The processed substrate is returned and conveyed to the printing machine station; E. The reflectivity obtained by the reflectivity inspection is greater than or equal to 80% is qualified.

9. The method for preparing photovoltaic backsheet glass according to claim 8, characterized in that, Meet at least one of the following conditions: A. The image data detection includes: Collecting the image information of the substrate after printing, performing color detection based on the image information to obtain the image data, Comparing the image data with the sample data and historical detection data of the substrate after printing, and outputting the detection result; B. The cleaning agent includes one or more of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, isomethyl butanone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, xylene, and petroleum ether.

10. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic backplane glass prepared by the method for preparing the photovoltaic backplane glass according to claim 4 or 5 or any one of claims 6 - 9.

Images