Carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion integrated device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion integrated device and method, and relates to the field of carbon dioxide desorption, the device comprises a base, a shell is arranged above the base, a transmission unit is arranged below the base, and an adsorption material is arranged in the shell; pipelines are arranged on the two sides of the shell; a fixing unit is arranged on the adsorption material, and the transmission unit is connected with the fixing unit. According to the carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion integrated device and method, an economical and feasible carbon neutralization solution is provided for small scenes such as families, the technical blank is made up, energy conservation and emission reduction are facilitated, efficiency and economical efficiency are improved, and important practical value is provided for achieving the global carbon neutralization target.

Description

An integrated device and method for carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide desorption, and in particular to an integrated device and method for carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main carbon dioxide capture pathways include air capture, post-combustion capture, and pre-combustion capture. Air capture directly removes carbon dioxide from the air, achieving negative carbon emissions and significantly reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. However, the main challenges are the low concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, high capture energy consumption, and high cost.

[0003] Currently, carbon capture technology faces challenges such as high cost and difficulty in adapting to small-scale scenarios with dispersed carbon emissions, such as households and agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated device and method for carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion, offering an economical and feasible carbon neutrality solution for small-scale scenarios such as homes, filling a technological gap, promoting energy conservation and emission reduction, improving efficiency and economy, and providing important practical value for achieving the global carbon neutrality goal.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device, comprising a base, an outer shell disposed on the top of the base, a transmission unit disposed inside the base, and an adsorbent material disposed inside the outer shell; multiple pipes disposed on both sides of the outer shell; a fixing unit disposed on the adsorbent material, the transmission unit being connected to the fixing unit, and a heating unit embedded in the fixing unit located on one side of the adsorbent material, the heating unit being a pulse electric heating.

[0006] Preferably, the adsorbent material is divided into a first desorption zone, an adsorption zone, and a second desorption zone by the pipe. A blower is provided between the outer shell and the adsorbent material. The blower is located in the first desorption zone and the second desorption zone. A pressure regulating valve is provided at the pipe.

[0007] Preferably, the fixing unit is provided with a chassis, and a plurality of first fixing plates are fixedly disposed on the chassis, and a second fixing plate is disposed on one side of the first fixing plates.

[0008] Preferably, the adsorbent material is configured as multiple layers, with the first fixing plate located on the inner side of each layer of adsorbent material, the second fixing plate located on the outer side of the adsorbent material, and the second fixing plate connected to the outer shell.

[0009] Preferably, the second fixing piece is provided with a slot, which contacts the chassis.

[0010] Preferably, a partition plate is provided between the base and the outer shell, and a circular hole is provided on the partition plate, through which the transmission unit is connected to the chassis.

[0011] Preferably, a first rubber sealing ring is provided between the circular hole and the transmission unit, a second rubber sealing ring is provided between the outer shell and the base, a CO2 concentration detector and a pressure sensor are provided inside the outer shell, and a temperature sensor is provided on the surface of the adsorption material.

[0012] Preferably, the adsorbent material has a microporous structure, and the adsorbent material is a high-performance adsorbent material Pt / Ni-MOFS.

[0013] Preferably, a top cover is provided on the upper part of the outer casing, and a solar panel is provided on the top of the top cover.

[0014] A monitoring system for an integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device, used to monitor and control the integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device as described in claim 1, includes the following steps: real-time monitoring of CO2 concentration, surface temperature of the adsorbent material, and pressure changes in the outlet gas of the capture zone using sensors; when the system detects that the outlet CO2 concentration begins to rise, calculating the saturation threshold using a preset algorithm, automatically triggering the start of the transmission unit to perform rotation switching; monitoring the real-time pressure, temperature, heating unit pulse frequency, and blower speed of the first and second desorption zones; the system automatically adjusts the operating parameters of three stages according to the type of adsorbent material, cumulative capture amount, and current energy consumption target: in the PSA stage, controlling the opening of the pressure regulating valve and the blower speed to maintain the optimal depressurization rate; in the heat-pressure synergy stage, dynamically adjusting the duration, peak temperature, and interval of pulse heating according to the residual CO2 amount. To avoid overheating and waste, during the cooling phase, the system automatically adjusts the pressure regulating valve and stops purging once the temperature drops to a set threshold. It monitors the light intensity, temperature, gas flow rate, and product concentration within the photocatalytic reactor. The AI ​​system adjusts the reactor's operating mode based on real-time lighting conditions, prioritizing solar energy to drive the reaction when sunlight is abundant. When sunlight is insufficient, it coordinates with the energy storage system or switches to auxiliary heating mode to ensure stable conversion rate and selectivity. The system monitors solar panel power generation, energy storage battery charge, and instantaneous power consumption. Based on power generation predictions and the needs of the device's operating phase, the AI ​​system automatically allocates power flow. Simultaneously, it connects to residential photovoltaic systems or building microgrids to achieve multi-energy synergy. The system performs regular self-checks; when it detects a decrease in adsorption efficiency, delayed heating unit response, or abnormal airtightness, it sends maintenance prompts to the user locally or via the cloud, recommending replacement of adsorption materials or repair of components to ensure long-term stable operation of the device.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention employs the aforementioned integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device and method, with the following technical effects: Carbon emission reduction benefits: This device can effectively capture carbon dioxide emissions from households and small-scale settings, and convert them into usable resources through green conversion technology, reducing direct carbon dioxide emissions. Compared with traditional amine solvent absorption methods, the adsorption method avoids solvent degradation and equipment corrosion problems, reducing secondary pollution.

[0016] Energy Savings: The device employs low-energy desorption technology and a photocatalytic reactor driven by renewable energy, resulting in overall energy consumption that is 30% lower than traditional technologies, significantly reducing energy consumption. Furthermore, energy utilization efficiency is further improved through optimized adsorption tower structure and an AI monitoring system.

[0017] Economic Benefits: By producing methanol, a high value-added product, the plant can bring additional economic benefits to households and small businesses. Due to low equipment investment and operating costs, the expected payback period is 3-5 years, demonstrating good economic returns.

[0018] Social Benefits: The widespread application of this device will help promote low-carbon lifestyles and raise public awareness of environmental protection. With the advancement of carbon neutrality policies, this device has broad application prospects in scenarios such as homes, small offices, and agricultural factories, and can contribute to the green transformation of society. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device; Figure 2 is a partial schematic diagram of an integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a fixed unit; Figure 4 is a partial schematic diagram of a partition plate; Figure 5 is a top view of an integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device.

[0020] Reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Base; 2. Outer shell; 3. Heating unit; 4. Adsorbent material; 5. Pipe; 6. Fixing unit; 61. Chassis; 62. First fixing plate; 63. Second fixing plate; 7. Divider plate; 8. Circular hole; 9. Slot; 10. First desorption zone; 11. Adsorption zone; 12. Second desorption zone; 13. Top cover; 14. Pressure regulating valve; 15. CO2 concentration detector; 16. Pressure sensor; 17. Temperature sensor; 18. Solar panel. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0023] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, Embodiment 1 is an integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device, comprising a base 1, with an outer shell 2 disposed above the base 1. The base 1 and the outer shell 2 can be an integrated structure or separate structures. A second rubber sealing ring is provided between the outer shell 2 and the base 1 to ensure the airtightness of the device.

[0024] A top cover 13 is provided on the top of the outer casing 2. A solar panel 18 is provided on the top cover 13 to provide power to the entire device, while ensuring that gas can only enter and exit the device through the pipe 5.

[0025] The outer shell 2 contains an adsorbent material 4, which is multilayered and has a microporous structure. The material selection is as follows: a metal-organic framework (Pt / Ni-MOFs) is used as the adsorbent, which has a high specific surface area (reported in the literature to be 1500–2000 m²). 2 Highly selective adsorption of CO2 can be achieved through customized pore structures (pore size 0.8–1.2 nm) and g / g.

[0026] Multiple pipes 5 are provided on both sides of the outer casing 2 (three on each side in this embodiment). Gas can enter the device through one pipe 5 and flow out through the other pipe 5. A pressure regulating valve 14 is provided at each pipe 5 to ensure the overall airtightness of the device and to regulate the gas pressure inside the device.

[0027] The adsorbent material 4 is divided into a first desorption zone 10, an adsorption zone 11, and a second desorption zone 12 with the pipe 5 as the dividing line, as shown in Figure 5.

[0028] As shown in Figure 3, a fixing unit 6 is provided on the adsorbent material 4, and a base 61 is provided on the fixing unit 6. Multiple first fixing plates 62 are fixedly mounted on the base 61, and a second fixing plate 63 is provided on one side of each first fixing plate 62. The first fixing plates 62 are located inside each layer of adsorbent material 4, and the second fixing plates 63 are located outside the adsorbent material. The second fixing plates 63 are connected to the outer shell 2. A slot 9 is provided on the second fixing plate 63, and the slot 9 is in fixed contact with the base 61. The first fixing plates 62 fix each layer of adsorbent material 4, and the second fixing plates 63 cooperate with the first fixing plates 62 to fix the outermost layer of adsorbent material 4.

[0029] The first fixing plate 62 is provided with a groove, and a heating unit 3 is provided in the groove. The heating unit 3 is a pulse electric heating, and the temperature inside the device is adjusted by the heating power of the heating unit 3.

[0030] The outer casing 2 is equipped with a CO2 concentration detector 15 and a pressure sensor 16, and the surface of the adsorbent material 4 is equipped with a temperature sensor 17.

[0031] The first desorption zone 10 and the second desorption zone 12 are equipped with blowers (not shown). The blowers work together with the pressure regulating valve 17 to regulate the pressure in the device.

[0032] The coupling pulse heating technology of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and temperature swing adsorption (TSA) is achieved through the combined action of the blower, pressure regulating valve 17 and heating unit 3. Specifically: Stage 1: At the initial stage of pure PSA desorption, the device is in a high-pressure state. At this time, the pressure regulating valve 17 and the blower are opened to quickly reduce the pressure. The pressure change is used to break the physical binding force between CO2 and adsorbent, which can desorb about 60-70% of the captured CO2. The energy consumption is low. At this time, the heating unit is not heating.

[0033] Phase 2: Thermal-Pressure Co-desorption. This phase begins when the pressure inside the device drops to a set value (e.g., atmospheric pressure or vacuum). Simultaneously, heating unit 3 starts operating. Heating unit 3 employs high-frequency pulse electric heating technology (discontinuous heating), instantly raising the local temperature of the adsorbent to 80-120°C within 0.5-2 seconds. This temperature fluctuation further releases residual CO2, resulting in energy savings of over 30% compared to traditional constant-temperature heating. Heating under low pressure destroys difficult-to-desorb adsorption sites through thermal energy. Simultaneously, heating, combined with purging or evacuation, completely removes residual CO2 from the adsorbent.

[0034] Phase 3: Cooling and Recovery. At this stage, the pressure inside the device gradually rises, and heating unit 3 ceases operation. After desorption is complete, pressure regulating valve 14 begins operation, introducing cold purging gas. By cooling and depressurizing, the adsorption tower is prepared for the next adsorption cycle.

[0035] The entire process achieves a large amount of desorption by first reducing pressure (PSA), then removing stubborn residues by heating (TSA), and finally cooling to restore the adsorbent. This achieves the synergistic effect of pressure and temperature, thus completing the efficient regeneration of the adsorbent.

[0036] A transmission unit is installed inside the base 1, and a motor is installed on the transmission unit. A coupling is installed at one end of the motor. As shown in Figure 4, a partition plate 7 is provided between the base 1 and the outer shell 2. A circular hole 8 is provided on the partition plate 7. The transmission unit passes through the circular hole 8 and is connected to the chassis 61. The transmission unit causes the chassis 61 and the adsorption material 4 to rotate. A first rubber sealing ring is provided between the circular hole 8 and the transmission unit.

[0037] Working principle: The core of this device is to integrate the three stages of carbon dioxide capture, desorption and conversion into one, and achieve cyclic operation through material innovation, structural design and energy synergistic control.

[0038] 1. The trapping stage device contains a trapping zone filled with Pt / Ni-MOFs metal-organic framework material. This material has a thickness of 1500–2000 μm. 2With a high specific surface area of ​​ / g and a microporous structure of 0.8–1.2nm, it can selectively adsorb carbon dioxide. After the gas enters the device through pipe 5, carbon dioxide is captured by the adsorbent material, while other gases are discharged through the outlet. During this stage, the device is kept under high pressure to enhance adsorption efficiency.

[0039] 2. Rotation Switching: When the AI ​​monitoring system determines that the adsorbed material in the collection zone has reached saturation, the transmission unit is activated, driving the chassis 61 and the adsorbed material 4 fixed on it to rotate 120° as a whole (according to the three-zone layout of the first desorption zone 10, the adsorption zone 11, and the second desorption zone 12), transferring the saturated material into the desorption zone, and at the same time transferring the material that has completed desorption into the collection zone, thus achieving continuous circulation.

[0040] 3. Desorption stage (PSA / TSA coupled pulse heating) The desorption zone adopts a low-energy desorption technology that couples pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and temperature swing adsorption (TSA), and operates in three stages: Stage 1 (pure PSA desorption): The pressure regulating valve 14 and the blower are opened to quickly reduce the pressure. The pressure change is used to break the physical binding force between CO2 and the adsorbent, which can desorb about 60-70% of CO2. The heating unit does not work.

[0041] Phase 2 (Thermo-Pressure Co-desorption): When the pressure drops to the set value (atmospheric pressure or vacuum), the heating unit 3 starts high-frequency pulse electric heating, which locally and instantaneously heats the adsorbent to 80-120°C within 0.5-2 seconds. The thermal fluctuation destroys the stubborn adsorption sites, and the residual CO2 is completely released in conjunction with purging or evacuation.

[0042] Phase 3 (Cooling and Recovery): After desorption is completed, heating is stopped, and cold purge gas is introduced to reduce the temperature and pressure, allowing the adsorbent to restore its adsorption capacity and prepare for the next cycle.

[0043] 4. During the conversion stage, the CO2 released by desorption is introduced into a reducing gas (such as hydrogen), and under the synergistic catalytic effect of light and heat, it is converted into economical compounds such as methanol in a photocatalytic reactor. Solar panels 18 provide renewable electricity, reducing operating energy consumption. The conversion rate is approximately 70%, and the methanol selectivity is higher than 85%.

[0044] A monitoring system for an integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device, based on an AI monitoring system, operates throughout the entire device's lifecycle, responsible for real-time monitoring, dynamic optimization, and fault early warning, ensuring efficient and stable operation under varying conditions. Its specific usage is as follows: 1. Intelligent judgment of adsorption saturation: Sensors monitor the CO2 concentration, adsorption material surface temperature, and pressure changes in the outlet gas of the capture zone in real time. When the system detects an increase in the outlet CO2 concentration (indicating that the adsorption material is approaching saturation), it calculates the saturation threshold using a preset algorithm, automatically triggering the drive unit to start and execute rotational switching. This avoids energy waste or decreased capture efficiency caused by fixed-time switching.

[0045] 2. Precise control of the desorption process: Real-time pressure, temperature, heating unit 3 pulse frequency, and blower speed are monitored in the first and second desorption zones. The system automatically adjusts the operating parameters for the three stages based on the type of adsorbent material, cumulative collection amount, and current energy consumption target: In the PSA stage, the opening of pressure regulating valve 14 and the blower speed are controlled to maintain the optimal depressurization rate.

[0046] During the heat-pressure synergy stage, the duration, peak temperature, and interval of pulse heating are dynamically adjusted according to the amount of residual CO2 to achieve "heating on demand" and avoid overheating and waste.

[0047] During the cooling phase, the valves automatically switch and stop purging once the monitored temperature drops to a set threshold.

[0048] 3. Conversion Efficiency Optimization: The system monitors light intensity, temperature, gas flow rate, and product concentration within the photocatalytic reactor. The AI ​​system adjusts the reactor's operating mode based on real-time lighting conditions (such as weather changes). When sunlight is abundant, solar energy is prioritized to drive the reaction; when sunlight is insufficient, the system coordinates with the energy storage system or switches to auxiliary heating mode to ensure stable conversion rate and selectivity.

[0049] 4. Energy Management and Multi-Energy Input Collaborative Monitoring: The system monitors the power generation of the solar panels (18), the charge of the energy storage batteries, and the instantaneous power consumption of the device. Based on power generation predictions and the device's operational needs, the AI ​​system automatically allocates power flow. For example, it prioritizes energy storage during the capture phase and utilizes stored energy for power supply during the desorption heating phase, reducing reliance on the power grid. It can also be connected to residential photovoltaic systems or building microgrids to achieve multi-energy synergy.

[0050] 5. Self-diagnosis and maintenance early warning monitoring of the operating status of each component (motor current, valve opening response, sensor consistency). The system performs self-checks regularly. When it detects a decrease in adsorption efficiency, a delayed response of the heating unit, or abnormal airtightness, it sends maintenance prompts to the user locally or via the cloud, suggesting replacement of the adsorption material or repair of the components to ensure long-term stable operation of the device.

[0051] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned integrated device and method for carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion, which dynamically captures carbon dioxide in the air through highly efficient adsorption materials and combines it with green conversion technology to convert it into high-value-added chemicals such as methanol.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated device for carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion, characterized in that, The device includes a base, an outer shell on top of the base, a transmission unit inside the base, and an adsorption material inside the outer shell. Multiple pipes are provided on both sides of the outer shell. A fixing unit is provided on the adsorption material. The transmission unit is connected to the fixing unit. A heating unit is embedded in the fixing unit and located on one side of the adsorption material. The heating unit is a pulse electric heating unit.

2. The integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorbent material is divided into a first desorption zone, an adsorption zone, and a second desorption zone by the pipeline. A blower is provided between the outer shell and the adsorbent material. The blower is located in the first desorption zone and the second desorption zone. A pressure regulating valve is provided at the pipeline.

3. The integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing unit is provided with a chassis, and a plurality of first fixing plates are fixedly mounted on the chassis. A second fixing plate is provided on one side of each of the first fixing plates.

4. The integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adsorbent material is configured as multiple layers, with the first fixing plate located on the inner side of each layer of adsorbent material and the second fixing plate located on the outer side of the adsorbent material. The second fixing plate is connected to the outer shell.

5. The integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second fixing plate is provided with a slot, which contacts the chassis.

6. The integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A partition plate is provided between the base and the outer shell, and a circular hole is provided on the partition plate. The transmission unit passes through the circular hole and is connected to the chassis.

7. The integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device according to claim 6, characterized in that, A first rubber sealing ring is provided between the circular hole and the transmission unit, and a second rubber sealing ring is provided between the outer shell and the base. A CO2 concentration detector and a pressure sensor are provided inside the outer shell, and a temperature sensor is provided on the surface of the adsorption material.

8. The integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorbent material has a microporous structure and is a high-performance adsorbent material, Pt / Ni-MOFS.

9. The integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A top cover is provided on the upper part of the outer casing, and a solar panel is provided on the top of the top cover.

10. A monitoring system for an integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion device, characterized in that, The device for monitoring and controlling the integrated carbon dioxide capture-desorption-conversion apparatus of claim 1 includes the following steps: real-time monitoring of CO2 concentration, surface temperature of the adsorbent material, and pressure changes in the outlet gas of the capture zone using sensors; when the system detects that the outlet CO2 concentration begins to rise, calculating the saturation threshold using a preset algorithm, automatically triggering the start of the transmission unit to perform rotation switching; monitoring the real-time pressure, temperature, heating unit pulse frequency, and blower speed of the first and second desorption zones; and automatically adjusting the operating parameters of the three stages according to the type of adsorbent material, cumulative capture amount, and current energy consumption target: in the PSA stage, controlling the opening of the pressure regulating valve and the blower speed to maintain the optimal depressurization rate; and in the heat-pressure synergy stage, dynamically adjusting the duration and temperature of pulse heating according to the residual CO2 amount. Peak temperature and interval; during the cooling stage, the system monitors the temperature and automatically adjusts the pressure regulating valve to stop purging after the temperature drops to the set threshold; monitors the light intensity, temperature, gas flow rate, and product concentration in the photocatalytic reactor; the AI ​​system adjusts the operation mode of the catalytic reactor according to real-time light conditions, prioritizing solar energy to drive the reaction when there is sufficient light; and coordinates the energy storage system or switches to auxiliary heating mode when there is insufficient light; monitors the power generation of the solar panel, the power of the energy storage battery, and the instantaneous power consumption of the device. The AI ​​system automatically allocates the power flow according to the power generation prediction and the needs of the device operation stage, and connects to the home photovoltaic or building microgrid; the system performs self-checks regularly. When it detects a decrease in adsorption efficiency, a delay in the response of the heating unit, or abnormal air tightness, it sends maintenance prompts to the user locally or in the cloud, suggesting replacement of adsorption materials or repair of components.

Images