Welding protection device for automobile part machining

Abstract

The invention relates to a welding protection device for automobile part machining, and relates to the technical field of welding devices.The welding protection device comprises a workbench, a mechanical arm installed on the workbench and an electrode holder arranged on the mechanical arm, an electrode holding rod is arranged on the electrode holder, and an electrode cap is arranged on the electrode holding rod; the electrode holding rods comprise the first holding rod arranged on the welding pliers in a sliding mode and the second holding rod arranged on the welding pliers, the two electrode caps are oppositely arranged, and the workbench is provided with a power piece for driving the first holding rod to slide, a regulation and control assembly for adjusting the temperature of the spot welding nugget and a water cooling assembly for cooling the electrode caps. The method has the advantages that long-time continuous welding machining is achieved, the production efficiency is improved, and meanwhile the mechanical property of welding spots and the appearance quality of workpieces are improved.

Description

A welding protection device for processing automotive parts Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of welding equipment, and in particular to a welding protection device for the processing of automotive parts. Background Technology

[0002] In the automotive manufacturing industry, resistance spot welding is a core process for connecting automotive parts. It has advantages such as high welding efficiency, high welding strength, and small heat-affected zone. Especially when welding thin sheet metal workpieces, the workpiece deformation is small, which helps to maintain the dimensional accuracy and appearance quality of the workpiece.

[0003] Currently, welding robots are commonly used to weld automotive parts. A welding robot includes a robotic arm, two electrode caps mounted on the robotic arm, and a power mechanism that drives the electrode caps to press against the workpiece. The electrode caps are electrically connected to an external power source. During welding, the workpieces to be welded are clamped and fixed so that the joints overlap. Then, the welding robot presses the two electrode caps against both sides of the overlapped joint and applies continuous pressure to create a current path. The external power source then applies a large current to the electrode caps, generating resistance heat through the contact resistance between the workpieces. This causes the metal at the contact surface to form a high-temperature liquid metal nucleus, and the metal around the nucleus exhibits a high-temperature plastic ring. The nucleus then gradually cools and, under the pressure of the electrode caps, forms a dense solid weld joint.

[0004] Regarding the aforementioned technologies, resistance spot welding involves numerous and densely packed weld points. For example, a car body contains approximately 3,000 to 5,000 weld points. With the accumulation of heat input during high-frequency continuous spot welding, the overall temperature of the workpiece easily rises. This causes localized melting of the plastic ring that constrains and supports the weld nugget, making it difficult to effectively constrain and support it. This results in high-speed ejection of molten metal from the weld nugget, forming spatter. This leads to material loss in the weld nugget area, creating voids and insufficient effective size of the weld nugget, reducing the mechanical properties of the weld point. Furthermore, it easily causes deformation at the weld nugget edges, resulting in warping between the workpiece lap surfaces. This leads to insufficient effective pressure of the electrode cap pressing against the workpiece during continuous spot welding, causing a sharp increase in contact resistance between workpieces, further increasing heat input, leading to spatter and deformation, and further reducing the effective pressure of the electrode cap, creating a vicious cycle. Simultaneously, due to the scattering nature of the spatter, it not only easily forms burrs on the workpiece surface, affecting the workpiece's appearance quality, but also easily adheres to electronic components such as induction devices, causing them to malfunction, increasing equipment maintenance costs and production downtime. Therefore, improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to achieve long-term continuous welding processing, improve production efficiency, and enhance the mechanical properties of welds and the appearance quality of workpieces, this application provides a welding protection device for automotive parts processing.

[0006] This application provides a welding protection device for automotive parts processing, employing the following technical solution: A welding protection device for automotive parts processing includes a worktable, a robotic arm mounted on the worktable, and a welding clamp mounted on the robotic arm. The welding clamp is equipped with electrode grips, each electrode grip having an electrode cap. The electrode grip includes a first grip slidably mounted on the welding clamp and a second grip slidably mounted on the welding clamp. The two electrode caps are arranged opposite each other, and during spot welding, the two electrode caps are respectively located on both sides of the workpiece and abut against the workpiece surface. The worktable is equipped with a power component for driving the first grip to slide, a control component for adjusting the temperature at the spot weld nugget, and a water-cooling component for cooling the electrode caps. The control component includes two heat-conducting rings elastically mounted on the welding clamp, each heat-conducting ring corresponding to one of the two electrode caps. The heat-conducting rings are movably sleeved on the welding clamp. The electrode cap is arranged such that the sidewalls of the heat-conducting rings, which are close to each other, are in contact with the surface of the workpiece to be welded. An annular groove is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the heat-conducting ring. Multiple heat-conducting fins are arranged radially on the heat-conducting ring, and these fins are evenly spaced along the circumference of the ring, uniformly dividing the annular groove. An air-cooling assembly for cooling the heat-conducting fins is also provided on the heat-conducting ring. Each heat-conducting fin includes an abutment portion and a fin portion. The fin portion is located within the annular groove, and the abutment portion protrudes from the inner peripheral wall of the heat-conducting ring. The heat-conducting fin has a first state and a second state. When the temperature rises to a preset temperature, the heat-conducting fin switches from the first state to the second state; when the temperature drops to the preset temperature, it switches from the second state to the first state. When the heat-conducting fin is in the first state, the abutment portion is separated from the electrode cap. When the heat-conducting fin is in the second state, the abutment portion abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the electrode cap.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, when welding is required, the technicians fix the workpiece to be welded on the tooling fixture and make the parts of the workpiece to be welded overlap.

[0008] During welding, the technician starts the robotic arm, which runs according to the preset program and moves the welding clamp to the welding position, so that the two electrode caps are located on both sides of the overlapping part of the workpiece and the electrode caps are perpendicular to the workpiece surface. Then the robotic arm continues to work, so that the heat-conducting ring corresponding to the second gripper is pressed against the workpiece surface and the corresponding electrode cap is in contact with the workpiece surface.

[0009] Then the power component works, driving the first gripping rod to slide close to the workpiece, so that the heat-conducting ring corresponding to the first gripping rod is pressed against the surface of the workpiece until the electrode cap on the first gripping rod presses against the workpiece with a set pressure and maintains this pressure, so as to achieve a tight and stable contact between the electrode cap and the workpiece and form a stable current path. This is the pre-pressing stage, and the heat-conducting sheet is in the first state.

[0010] Then the external power supply is turned on, and current is applied to the electrode cap according to the preset power-on time. Resistance heat is generated through the contact resistance at the overlapping joint of the workpiece, causing the metal at the contact surface of the workpiece to form a high-temperature liquid metal molten nugget, and the metal around the molten nugget exhibits a plastic ring in a high-temperature plastic state. This is the welding stage.

[0011] Because the heat-conducting ring is in close contact with the workpiece surface and is fitted onto the electrode cap, the heat-conducting plate greatly increases the heat dissipation area. At this time, the heat-conducting ring quickly transfers the heat from the outer periphery of the plastic ring to the heat-conducting plate. Simultaneously, the air-cooling component cools the heat-conducting plate, improving its heat dissipation efficiency and reducing the risk of the plastic ring breaking due to excessive heat input generated by spot welding. This reduces the risk of molten metal splashing out at high speed at the weld nugget, and forms a full, dense, and uniform weld nugget, improving the mechanical properties of the weld and the appearance quality of the workpiece.

[0012] It also reduces the risk of splashes damaging workpieces or electronic components such as sensors, lowers equipment maintenance costs and production downtime, and improves production efficiency.

[0013] As the temperature of the heat-conducting sheet rises to the preset temperature, the heat-conducting sheet switches to the second state. At this time, the contact part abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the electrode cap, while the electrode cap maintains pressure against the workpiece. The water-cooling component cools the electrode cap, reducing the risk of overheating and deformation, and increasing the solidification and cooling rate of the weld nugget, promoting the formation of a dense solid weld joint and improving the mechanical properties of the weld joint. Since the contact part is in close contact with the electrode cap, the heat-conducting sheet is cooled rapidly, thereby achieving rapid cooling of the metal around the plastic ring. This reduces the temperature gradient between the metal at the contact point and the non-contact point of the electrode cap, thereby reducing the risk of warping or cracking of the workpiece due to uneven thermal stress. This is the maintenance stage.

[0014] Then the power unit works, driving the first gripper and electrode cap to move. At the same time, the robotic arm works, driving the second gripper and electrode cap to move, so that the two electrode caps move away from each other and separate from the workpiece. As the temperature of the heat-conducting sheet drops to the preset temperature, the heat-conducting sheet switches to the first state. At this time, the contact part and the electrode cap are separated, which is convenient for the next welding. By repeating the above steps, multiple parts to be welded can be spot welded in sequence.

[0015] Optionally, the control assembly further includes a fixed cylinder coaxially sleeved on the electrode cap, a connecting sleeve coaxially slidably sleeved on the fixed cylinder, the outer peripheral wall of the connecting sleeve being spherical, the inner peripheral wall of the heat-conducting ring being rotatably adapted to the outer peripheral wall of the connecting sleeve, and the fixed cylinder, connecting sleeve, and heat-conducting ring all being made of insulating material; the heat-conducting ring is provided with multiple magnetorheological fluid dampers, the multiple magnetorheological fluid dampers being evenly spaced along the circumference of the heat-conducting ring, the telescopic end of the magnetorheological fluid damper being spherically hinged to the side wall of the heat-conducting ring away from the workpiece, and connected to the first gripper. The fixed end of the magnetorheological fluid damper corresponding to the rod is ball-jointed to the end of the first grip rod away from the electrode cap, and the fixed end of the magnetorheological fluid damper corresponding to the second grip rod is ball-jointed to the welding clamp. The magnetorheological fluid damper is equipped with a displacement sensor to detect the sliding distance of the telescopic end of the magnetorheological fluid damper. The magnetorheological fluid damper is equipped with an elastic element that makes the two heat-conducting rings slide closer to each other. A controller is provided on the worktable, and the magnetorheological fluid damper, displacement sensor, power component, external power supply and robotic arm are all electrically connected to the controller.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, when the electrode grip moves towards the workpiece, the heat-conducting ring approaches and presses against the workpiece surface, causing the telescopic end of the magnetorheological fluid damper to slide and contract. At the same time, the displacement sensor detects the sliding distance of the telescopic end of the magnetorheological fluid damper and transmits the electrical signal to the controller. The controller analyzes the displacement data of multiple magnetorheological fluid dampers.

[0017] If the difference between multiple displacement sensor values ​​exceeds the design range, it indicates that the spherical surface of the heat-conducting ring connecting sleeve has rotated relative to the workpiece. This indicates that the part of the workpiece to be welded is warped and deformed, which can easily lead to insufficient effective pressure. At this time, the controller controls the operation of the robotic arm and power components to separate the heat-conducting ring from the workpiece. Then, the technicians unload the workpiece and perform inspection, correction, or scrapping, thereby improving the yield rate of the workpiece.

[0018] If the differences in values ​​from multiple displacement sensors are within the design range, it indicates that the relative rotation amplitude of the spherical surface of the heat-conducting ring connecting sleeve is within the design range, meaning the workpiece surface quality is good. At this point, the controller controls the robotic arm or power component to continue operating, causing the electrode gripper and electrode cap to continue moving closer to the workpiece. During this time, the fixed cylinder and connecting sleeve slide relative to each other, reducing wear on the electrode cap and extending its service life until the electrode cap is in the pre-pressing stage of stably pressing the workpiece. Simultaneously, the controller increases the current applied to the magnetorheological fluid damper, thereby changing the magnetic field strength and increasing the yield stress of the magnetorheological fluid. This improves the damping of the magnetorheological fluid damper, making it less likely for the heat-conducting ring to separate from the workpiece. During the holding stage, the workpiece is limited, reducing the risk of warping, deformation, or cracking, and improving the flatness of the workpiece.

[0019] Optionally, the fin portion includes a plurality of bent plates connected in sequence, and the plurality of bent plates are arranged inclined in the same direction in sequence. The dimensions of the two side walls of the annular groove gradually decrease from the direction closer to the electrode cap to the direction farther away from the electrode cap. Splash-proof holes are uniformly opened on the inner bottom wall of the annular groove.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when spatter occurs during the welding stage, the spatter enters the annular groove through the anti-splash hole. At this time, the bent plate further increases the heat dissipation area and blocks the spatter, reducing the risk of spatter affecting the surface quality of the workpiece, and also reducing the risk of spatter causing failure of electronic components such as sensing devices.

[0021] During the maintenance phase, as the workpiece temperature decreases rapidly from the electrode cap outwards, the temperature gradient at different locations on the workpiece is further reduced by moving the fin portion away from the electrode cap, thus mitigating the risk of workpiece warping or cracking due to uneven thermal stress.

[0022] Optionally, the heat-conducting sheet is made of conductive material, and multiple contacts are provided on the inner sidewall of the annular groove. Each of the multiple contacts corresponds to one of the multiple heat-conducting sheets, and the contacts abut against the heat-conducting sheets. The contacts are connected to an external power supply via wires. A current sensor is provided on the workbench to detect the current at the multiple contacts, and the current sensor is electrically connected to the controller.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, during the maintenance phase, the controller applies a small current to the electrode cap through the external power supply. Since the heat-conducting sheet is in the second state, the contact part abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the electrode cap, so that the electrode cap, heat-conducting sheet, contact and power supply are connected to form a stable current loop. At the same time, the current sensor is set to detect whether there is current at each contact and transmit the electrical signal to the controller.

[0024] If the current at each contact point is normal, it indicates that the melting temperature is sufficient, and the next step can be continued. During loading and unloading, technicians regularly check whether there is any spatter adhering to the heat-conducting sheet to make a preliminary judgment on the welding quality and adjust the frequency of destructive sampling accordingly to reduce production losses.

[0025] If no current is detected at some contacts, it means that some areas have not reached the temperature required to switch the heatsink to the second state. This indicates that the temperature at the molten core is insufficient, which can lead to insufficient molten core size and insufficient weld strength. In this case, the controller moves the robotic arm to the initial position, and then the technicians unload the workpiece and perform inspection, correction, or scrapping.

[0026] Optionally, the heat-conducting ring has an annular flow-dividing cavity, and the side wall of the flow-dividing cavity has a connecting slit that communicates with the annular groove. The connecting slit is inclined at the opening end near the annular groove and is arranged away from the electrode cap. The air-cooling assembly includes an air inlet pipe disposed on the side wall of the heat-conducting ring near the magnetorheological damper. One end of the air inlet pipe is connected to the flow-dividing cavity, and the other end of the air inlet pipe is connected to an external air source.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, during the welding stage, an external gas source is set up to allow gas to enter the distribution cavity and blow it through the connecting seam to the fins of the heat-conducting plate, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat-conducting plate.

[0028] Meanwhile, because the connecting seam is inclined at the end near the annular groove and arranged away from the electrode cap, the gas is discharged from the opening end of the annular groove and a negative pressure is generated in the gap between the electrode cap and the heat-conducting ring. When splashing occurs, the splashes are easily sucked into the annular groove through the anti-splash hole, reducing the risk of splashes adhering to the outer peripheral wall of the electrode cap. During grinding, only the head of the electrode cap needs to be treated, and the service life of the electrode cap is extended.

[0029] Optionally, the electrode grip has a cold water chamber inside, and the electrode cap has a cold water hole. The cold water chamber is connected to the cold water hole. The water cooling assembly includes a cold water pipe coaxially disposed inside the electrode grip, with one end of the cold water pipe located inside the cold water hole. The electrode grip has an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe. The inlet pipe is connected to the cold water pipe, and the outlet pipe is connected to the cold water chamber. The inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are connected to an external circulating water source.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, when water cooling the electrode cap, the cooling water enters the cold water pipe from an external water source through the inlet pipe, flows through the cold water hole and the cold water chamber, and is then discharged through the outlet pipe, thereby achieving uniform water cooling of the electrode cap, improving the uniformity of the cooling rate of the electrode cap and the workpiece, and reducing the risk of workpiece deformation due to inconsistent cooling.

[0031] Optionally, a guide cylinder is sleeved on the first grip, the guide cylinder is made of insulating material, a guide hole is opened on the welding clamp, the guide cylinder is slidably adapted to the guide hole, and the end of the magnetorheological fluid damper corresponding to the first grip, away from the heat conduction ring, is ball-hinged with the guide cylinder.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, since the first grip rod is relatively long, the guide cylinder is set to protect the first grip rod. When the power component drives the first grip rod to slide, the guide cylinder slides in the guide hole, which improves the coaxiality of the first grip rod during movement and improves the accuracy of spot welding.

[0033] Optionally, the heat-conducting ring has multiple mounting slots on its sidewall away from the magnetorheological damper for inserting heat-conducting plates. The heat-conducting ring is detachably provided with a fitting ring that seals the opening end of the mounting slot and fixes the heat-conducting plate. The fitting ring is in contact with the workpiece on its sidewall away from the heat-conducting ring.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, when there is splatter on the heat-conducting plate, the technicians disassemble the bonding ring to separate it from the heat-conducting ring. Then, the technicians take the heat-conducting plate out of the mounting groove and insert a new heat-conducting plate into the mounting groove. The technicians then fix the bonding ring to the heat-conducting ring to seal the opening end of the mounting groove and fix the heat-conducting plate, thereby achieving rapid replacement of the heat-conducting plate.

[0035] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. During the welding stage, the heat-conducting ring and heat-conducting plate greatly increase the heat dissipation area, allowing the heat from the periphery of the plastic ring to be quickly transferred to the heat-conducting plate. Simultaneously, an external air source allows gas to enter through the distribution cavity and blow onto the fins of the heat-conducting plate via the connecting seam, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat-conducting plate and reducing the risk of the plastic ring breaking due to excessive heat input from spot welding. This reduces the risk of high-speed ejection of liquid metal at the weld nugget, resulting in spatter, and forms a full, dense, and uniform weld nugget, improving the mechanical properties of the weld and the appearance quality of the workpiece. Furthermore, due to the negative pressure generated by the airflow in the gap between the electrode cap and the heat-conducting ring, spatter is drawn into the ring groove through the anti-splatter hole, reducing... The risk of spatter adhering to the outer peripheral wall of the electrode cap is reduced, extending the service life of the electrode cap. Simultaneously, the added bending plate further increases the heat dissipation area and blocks spatter, reducing the risk of damage to the workpiece or electronic components such as sensing devices, thus reducing equipment maintenance costs and production downtime, and improving production efficiency. 2. During the maintenance phase, as the temperature of the heat-conducting sheet rises to the preset temperature, the heat-conducting sheet switches to the second state. At this time, the contact part abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the electrode cap, achieving rapid cooling of the heat-conducting sheet, thereby achieving rapid cooling of the metal surrounding the plastic ring, reducing the temperature gradient between the metal at the contact area and the non-contact area of ​​the electrode cap. Simultaneously, as the workpiece temperature rises from the electrode cap to... The temperature gradient decreases sharply in all directions. At this point, the fins, whose size gradually decreases towards the electrode cap, further reduce the temperature gradient at different locations on the workpiece, thereby reducing the risk of warping or cracking due to uneven thermal stress. 3. Before the pre-pressing stage, the heat-conducting ring is pressed against the workpiece surface. At this time, the displacement sensor detects the sliding distance of the telescopic end of the magnetorheological fluid damper and transmits the electrical signal to the controller. The controller analyzes whether the difference in values ​​from multiple displacement sensors on each heat-conducting ring exceeds the design range, thus determining whether the heat-conducting ring rotates relative to the connecting sleeve. This allows analysis to determine whether there is warping deformation at the workpiece's welding location that could lead to insufficient effective pressure. 4. In the holding stage... The controller applies a small current to the electrode cap via an external power supply, and the heat-conducting plate is in its second state. The contact part abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the electrode cap, connecting the electrode cap, heat-conducting plate, contacts, and power supply to form a stable current loop. Simultaneously, a current sensor detects whether there is current at each contact and transmits the electrical signal to the controller. If the current at each contact is normal, it indicates that the melting point temperature is sufficient. If no current is detected at some contacts, it indicates that some areas have not reached the temperature required to switch the heat-conducting plate to the second state, meaning that the melting point temperature is insufficient. This can easily lead to insufficient melting point size and insufficient weld strength, thus enabling a preliminary assessment of welding quality. Technicians can use this information to adjust the frequency of destructive sampling inspections and reduce production losses. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the first grip, the second grip, the electrode cap, and the welding clamp; Figure 3 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Figure 2; Figure 4 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part B in Figure 2; Figure 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of the first grip, the electrode cap, the heat-conducting ring, and the heat-conducting sheet.

[0037] Reference numerals: 1. Workbench; 11. Robotic arm; 12. Welding clamp; 13. Power component; 14. Controller; 15. Guide cylinder; 16. Guide hole; 2. Electrode grip; 21. First grip; 22. Second grip; 3. Electrode cap; 31. Head; 32. Rod part; 33. Conical shank part; 4. Control assembly; 41. Heat-conducting ring; 411. Ring groove; 412. Splash hole; 413. Mounting groove; 42. Heat-conducting plate; 421. Abutment part; 422. Fin part; 43. Fixing cylinder; 44. Connecting sleeve; 45. Magnetorheological fluid damper; 46. Displacement sensor; 47. Contact point; 48. Current sensor; 49. Fitting ring; 5. Air-cooling assembly; 51. Diverter chamber; 52. Connecting seam; 53. Air inlet pipe; 6. Water-cooled components; 61. Cold water pipe; 62. Cold water chamber; 63. Cold water hole; 64. Inlet pipe; 65. Outlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to Figures 1-5.

[0039] This application discloses a welding protection device for processing automotive parts.

[0040] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, a welding protection device for processing automotive parts includes a workbench 1 placed on the ground, a robotic arm 11 and a controller 14 fixed on the top of the workbench 1. In this application, the robotic arm 11 has six degrees of freedom, and a welding clamp 12 is fixed at the output end of the robotic arm 11. An electrode gripping rod 2 is provided on the welding clamp 12, and an electrode cap 3 is installed at the end of the electrode gripping rod 2.

[0041] The electrode grip 2 includes a first grip 21 slidably connected to the welding clamp 12 and a second grip 22 fixed to the welding clamp 12. The sliding direction of the first grip 21 is consistent with the axial direction of the first grip 21. The two electrode caps 3 are arranged opposite each other. During spot welding, the two electrode caps 3 are located on both sides of the workpiece and abut against the surface of the workpiece. The welding clamp 12 is fixed with a power component 13 that drives the first grip 21 to slide. In this application, the power component 13 is a linear servo motor.

[0042] In order to improve the coaxiality of the first grip 21 during movement and to protect the electrode grip 2, a guide cylinder 15 is coaxially fixed on the first grip 21. The guide cylinder 15 is detachably connected to the end of the electrode grip 2 away from the electrode cap 3 by a thread. The welding clamp 12 is provided with a guide hole 16 for the guide cylinder 15, and the guide cylinder 15 slides and adapts to the guide hole 16.

[0043] To cool the electrode cap 3 and reduce the heat-affected zone of the workpiece, a water-cooling assembly 6 is provided on the worktable 1. Referring to Figures 3 and 4, a cylindrical cooling water chamber 62 is coaxially formed inside the electrode handle 2. The side wall of the cooling water chamber near the electrode cap 3 has a conical opening. The electrode cap 3 has a cooling water hole 63. The cooling water chamber 62 is connected to the cooling water hole 63. The electrode cap 3 includes a head 31, a rod 32, and a conical shank 33 connected in sequence. The electrode cap 3 is inserted into the cooling water chamber through the conical shank to achieve conical surface mating and fixation. To facilitate the removal of electrode cap 3, the water cooling assembly 6 includes a cold water pipe 61 coaxially fixed inside the electrode handle 2. One end of the cold water pipe 61 is located inside the cold water hole 63. An inlet pipe 64 and an outlet pipe 65 are fixed on the electrode handle 2. The inlet pipe 64 is connected to the cold water pipe 61, and the outlet pipe 65 is connected to the cold water chamber 62. The inlet pipe 64 and the outlet pipe 65 are connected to an external circulating water source. In this application, the external circulating water source is a fixed water tank, and the cooling water is pumped into the cold water pipe 61 from the inlet pipe 64 by a water pump.

[0044] To improve the mechanical properties of the weld joint, the workbench 1 is equipped with an adjustment component 4. Referring to Figures 4 and 5, the adjustment component 4 includes a fixed cylinder 43 coaxially fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the rod 32 of the electrode cap 3. A connecting sleeve 44 is coaxially slidably connected to the outer peripheral wall of the fixed cylinder 43. The sliding direction of the connecting sleeve 44 is consistent with the sliding direction of the first gripping rod 21. A heat-conducting ring 41 is movably connected to the outer peripheral wall of the connecting sleeve 44. The outer peripheral wall of the connecting sleeve 44 is spherical. The inner peripheral wall of the heat-conducting ring 41 is rotatably adapted to the outer peripheral wall of the connecting sleeve 44. The side walls of the heat-conducting ring 41 that are close to each other are movably pressed against the surface of the workpiece to be welded. The fixed cylinder 43, the connecting sleeve 44, and the heat-conducting ring 41 are all made of insulating material. In this application, the fixed cylinder 43, the connecting sleeve 44, and the heat-conducting ring 41 are all made of aluminum nitride ceramic. In other embodiments, the fixed cylinder 43, the connecting sleeve 44, and the heat-conducting ring 41 can also be made of alumina ceramic, silicon nitride ceramic, or other materials, as long as they have good thermal conductivity and are insulating.

[0045] Multiple magnetorheological dampers 45 are provided on the heat-conducting ring 41. The multiple magnetorheological dampers 45 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the heat-conducting ring 41. The telescopic end of the magnetorheological damper is ball-hinged to the side wall of the heat-conducting ring 41 away from the workpiece. The fixed end of the magnetorheological damper 45 corresponding to the first grip 21 is ball-hinged to the guide cylinder 15. The fixed end of the magnetorheological damper 45 corresponding to the second grip 22 is ball-hinged to the welding clamp 12. In this application, the hinge structure of the magnetorheological damper 45 is a universal ball bearing. In this application, each heat-conducting ring 41 is provided with three magnetorheological dampers 45. In other embodiments, the magnetorheological dampers 45 can also be four, five, seven, etc. As long as the sliding distance of the telescopic end of the magnetorheological damper 45 is consistent, the heat-conducting ring 41 and the electrode cap 3 can be kept coaxial.

[0046] A displacement sensor 46 is fixed on the magnetorheological damper 45 to detect the sliding distance of the telescopic end of the magnetorheological damper 45. An elastic element is fixed on the magnetorheological damper 45 to make the two heat-conducting rings 41 slide closer to each other. In this application, the elastic element is a spring. The magnetorheological damper 45, the displacement sensor 46, the power component 13, the external power supply and the robotic arm 11 are all electrically connected to the controller 14.

[0047] When welding is required, technicians fix the workpiece to be welded on the tooling fixture and make the parts of the workpiece to be welded overlap.

[0048] During welding, the technician starts the equipment, and the controller 14 drives the robotic arm 11 to run according to the preset program and move the welding clamp 12 to the welding position, so that the two electrode caps 3 are respectively located on both sides of the workpiece overlap area and the electrode caps 3 are perpendicular to the workpiece surface. Then the robotic arm 11 continues to work, so that the heat-conducting ring 41 corresponding to the second grip 22 is pressed against the workpiece surface. At this time, the heat-conducting ring 41 causes the telescopic end of the corresponding magnetorheological fluid damper 45 to slide and retract until the corresponding electrode cap 3 is in contact with the workpiece surface. Then the controller 14 drives the power component 13, so that the power component 13 drives the first grip 21 to slide closer to the workpiece, so that the heat-conducting ring 41 corresponding to the first grip 21 is pressed against the workpiece surface.

[0049] At the same time, the displacement sensor 46 detects the sliding distance of the telescopic end of the magnetorheological damper 45 and transmits the electrical signal to the controller 14. The controller 14 analyzes whether the difference between the values ​​of the multiple displacement sensors 46 on each heat conduction ring 41 exceeds the design range, and can determine whether the heat conduction ring 41 rotates relative to the connecting sleeve 44. Thus, it can analyze whether there is warping deformation in the part of the workpiece to be welded that is prone to insufficient effective pressure.

[0050] If the difference in values ​​of multiple displacement sensors 46 exceeds the design range, the controller 14 controls the robotic arm 11 and the power component 13 to operate, causing the heat-conducting ring 41 to separate from the workpiece. Then, technicians unload the workpiece and perform inspection, correction, or scrapping, thereby improving the yield rate of the workpiece.

[0051] If the values ​​of multiple displacement sensors 46 are within the design range, the controller 14 controls the robotic arm 11 or the power component 13 to continue operating, causing the electrode gripping rod 2 and the electrode cap 3 to continue moving closer to the workpiece until the electrode cap 3 on the first gripping rod 21 presses against the workpiece with a set pressure and maintains this pressure. At this time, the fixed cylinder 43 and the connecting sleeve 44 slide relative to each other, reducing the wear on the electrode cap 3, increasing the service life of the electrode cap 3, and achieving a tight and stable contact between the electrode cap 3 and the workpiece, forming a stable current path. This is the pre-pressing stage. At the same time, the controller 14 increases the current applied to the magnetorheological fluid damper 45, thereby changing the magnetic field size and increasing the yield stress of the magnetorheological fluid, thereby improving the damping of the magnetorheological fluid damper 45 and making it difficult for the heat-conducting ring 41 to separate from the workpiece.

[0052] Then, the controller 14 controls the external power supply to apply current to the electrode cap 3 according to the preset power-on time. The contact resistance at the overlapping joint of the workpiece generates resistance heat, causing the metal at the contact surface of the workpiece to form a high-temperature liquid metal molten nugget, and the metal around the molten nugget exhibits a plastic ring in a high-temperature plastic state. This is the welding stage.

[0053] Then, the electrode cap 3 maintains pressure against the workpiece, while cooling water enters the cold water pipe 61 from an external water source through the water inlet pipe 64, flows through the cold water hole 63 and the cold water chamber 62, and is discharged through the water outlet pipe 65. This achieves uniform water cooling of the electrode cap 3, reduces the risk of overheating and deformation of the electrode cap 3, and increases the solidification and cooling rate of the weld nugget, promoting the formation of a dense solid weld point and improving the mechanical properties of the weld point. At the same time, the heat-conducting ring 41 limits the workpiece, reducing the risk of warping or cracking of the workpiece and improving the flatness of the workpiece. This is the maintenance stage.

[0054] Then the power component 13 works, driving the first gripping rod 21 and the electrode cap 3 to move. At the same time, the robotic arm 11 works, driving the second gripping rod 22 and the electrode cap 3 to move, so that the two electrode caps 3 move away from each other and separate from the workpiece. By repeating the above steps, multiple parts to be welded can be spot welded in sequence.

[0055] Furthermore, in order to regulate the temperature around the melt nugget and reduce the risk of insufficient melt nugget size due to plastic ring rupture, referring to Figures 4 and 5, annular grooves 411 are formed on the outer peripheral wall of the heat-conducting ring 41. The control component 4 also includes a plurality of heat-conducting plates 42 installed on the heat-conducting ring 41. The heat-conducting plates 42 are arranged radially along the heat-conducting ring 41, and the plurality of heat-conducting plates 42 are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the heat-conducting ring 41, and the annular grooves 411 are evenly divided. In this application, there are twenty-four heat-conducting plates 42. In other embodiments, depending on the size of the heat-conducting ring 41, there may also be three, four, six, or more heat-conducting plates 42, and the arrangement method can be the same as in this application.

[0056] To improve the accuracy of heat dissipation and reduce the temperature gradient in the heat-affected zone of the workpiece during cooling, referring to Figures 4 and 5, the heat-conducting plate 42 includes an abutment portion 421 and a fin portion 422. The fin portion 422 is located in the annular groove 411, and the abutment portion 421 protrudes from the inner peripheral wall of the heat-conducting ring 41. The heat-conducting plate 42 is configured as a structural component made of a two-way memory alloy material, having a first state and a second state. When the temperature of the heat-conducting plate 42 rises to a preset temperature, it switches from the first state to the second state. During this process, the abutment portion 421 deforms towards the electrode cap 3 and abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the rod portion 32 of the electrode cap 3. When the temperature of the heat-conducting plate 42 drops to the preset temperature, it switches from the second state to the first state. When the heat-conducting plate 42 is in the first state, the abutment portion 421 deforms away from the electrode cap 3 and eventually separates from the electrode cap 3.

[0057] The fin portion 422 includes a plurality of bent plates fixed in sequence, and the plurality of bent plates are arranged in the same direction. In this application, each fin portion 422 is provided with three bent plates. In other embodiments, the bent plates can also be provided with two, four, five or more, and the arrangement can be the same as in this application. The dimensions of the two side walls of the annular groove 411 gradually decrease from the direction closer to the electrode cap 3 to the direction farther away from the electrode cap 3. Splash holes 412 are uniformly opened on the inner bottom wall of the annular groove 411.

[0058] To improve the heat dissipation effect of the heat-conducting plate 42, a cooling component 5 is provided on the heat-conducting ring 41. Referring to Figure 4, an annular flow-dividing cavity 51 is opened in the heat-conducting ring 41. A connecting slit 52 connected to the annular groove 411 is opened on the side wall of the flow-dividing cavity 51. The opening end of the connecting slit 52 near the annular groove 411 is inclined and arranged in a direction away from the electrode cap 3. The cooling component 5 includes an air inlet pipe 53 fixed on the side wall of the heat-conducting ring 41 near the magnetorheological damper 45. One end of the air inlet pipe 53 is connected to the flow-dividing cavity 51, and the other end of the air inlet pipe 53 is connected to an external air source. In this application, the external air source is a fan.

[0059] During the welding stage, the heat-conducting ring 41 is in contact with the workpiece surface, and the heat-conducting plate 42 provided at the same time greatly increases the heat dissipation area, so that the heat from the periphery of the plastic ring is quickly transferred to the heat-conducting plate 42. At the same time, an external air source allows gas to enter the distribution cavity 51 and blow it through the connecting seam 52 to the fin portion 422 of the heat-conducting plate 42, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat-conducting plate 42, reducing the risk of the plastic ring breaking due to excessive heat input generated by spot welding, thereby reducing the risk of molten metal being ejected at high speed at the weld nugget and forming spatter, and forming a weld nugget with full, dense and uniform size, improving the mechanical properties of the weld and the appearance quality of the workpiece.

[0060] Meanwhile, since the end of the connecting seam 52 near the annular groove 411 is inclined away from the electrode cap 3, the gas is discharged from the opening end of the annular groove 411, and a negative pressure is generated in the gap between the electrode cap 3 and the heat-conducting ring 41. When splashing occurs, the splashes are easily sucked into the annular groove 411 through the anti-splash hole 412, reducing the risk of splashes adhering to the outer peripheral wall of the electrode cap 3. During grinding, only the head 31 of the electrode cap 3 needs to be treated, and the service life of the electrode cap 3 is extended. At the same time, the set bending plate further increases the heat dissipation area and blocks the splashes, reducing the risk of splashes damaging the workpiece or electronic components such as sensing devices, reducing equipment maintenance costs and production downtime, and improving production efficiency.

[0061] At this time, the heat-conducting sheet 42 is in the first state. As the temperature of the heat-conducting sheet 42 rises to the preset temperature, the heat-conducting sheet 42 switches to the second state. At this time, the contact part 421 abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the electrode cap 3 to achieve rapid cooling of the heat-conducting sheet 42, thereby achieving rapid cooling of the metal around the plastic ring and reducing the temperature gradient between the metal at the contact part and the metal at the non-contact part of the electrode cap 3. At the same time, since the workpiece temperature decreases sharply from the electrode cap 3 to the surrounding area, the fin part 422, whose size gradually decreases in the direction away from the electrode cap 3, further reduces the temperature gradient at different positions of the workpiece, thereby reducing the risk of warping or cracking of the workpiece due to uneven thermal stress.

[0062] Furthermore, in order to quickly perform preliminary inspection of the weld quality, referring to Figure 5, multiple contacts 47 are provided on the inner sidewall of the annular groove 411. Each contact 47 corresponds to a heat-conducting plate 42, and the contacts 47 abut against the heat-conducting plates 42. The contacts 47 are connected to an external power supply via wires. Current sensors 48 are fixed on the workbench 1 to detect the current at the multiple contacts 47. The current sensors 48 are electrically connected to the controller 14. In this application, the current sensor 48 is a fluxgate current sensor 48.

[0063] During the maintenance phase, the controller 14 applies a small current to the electrode cap 3 through the external power supply. Since the heat-conducting plate 42 is in the second state, the contact part 421 abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the electrode cap 3, so that the electrode cap 3, the heat-conducting plate 42, the contact 47 and the power supply are connected to form a stable current loop. At the same time, the current sensor 48 is provided to detect whether there is current at each contact 47 and transmits the electrical signal to the controller 14.

[0064] If the current at each contact 47 is normal, it indicates that the melting temperature is sufficient. At this point, the next step can be continued. During loading and unloading, technicians regularly check whether there is any spatter adhering to the heat-conducting plate 42 to make a preliminary judgment on the welding quality and adjust the frequency of destructive sampling accordingly to reduce production losses.

[0065] If no current is detected at some contacts 47, it indicates that some areas have not reached the temperature required to switch the heat-conducting sheet 42 to the second state. This means that there is insufficient temperature at the weld nugget, which can easily lead to insufficient weld nugget size and insufficient weld strength. At this time, the controller 14 controls the robotic arm 11 to move to the initial position. Then, the technicians unload the workpiece and perform inspection, correction, or scrapping. At the same time, the technicians record and analyze the welding data and adjust the process parameters such as spot welding current, electrode pressure, and welding time to verify the optimal spot welding spatter process parameters, reduce the probability of spatter, and thus improve production efficiency, while also improving the mechanical properties of the weld and the appearance quality of the workpiece.

[0066] Furthermore, to facilitate the disassembly and installation of the heat-conducting plate 42, referring to Figure 5, the heat-conducting ring 41 has multiple mounting slots 413 on its side wall away from the magnetorheological damper 45 for the heat-conducting plate 42 to be inserted into. The heat-conducting ring 41 is detachably provided with a fitting ring 49 to seal the opening end of the mounting slot 413 and fix the heat-conducting plate 42. The side wall of the fitting ring 49 away from the heat-conducting ring 41 is in contact with the workpiece. In this application, the fitting ring 49 and the heat-conducting ring 41 are made of the same material, and the fitting ring 49 and the heat-conducting ring 41 are fixed by a pre-embedded metal threaded insert.

[0067] When splattered material adheres to the heat-conducting plate 42, the technician disassembles the bonding ring 49 to separate it from the heat-conducting ring 41. Then, the technician removes the heat-conducting plate 42 from the mounting groove 413 and inserts a new heat-conducting plate 42 into the mounting groove 413. The technician then fixes the bonding ring 49 onto the heat-conducting ring 41 to seal the opening of the mounting groove 413 and fix the heat-conducting plate 42, thereby enabling the rapid replacement of the heat-conducting plate 42.

[0068] The implementation principle of a welding protection device for processing automotive parts according to an embodiment of this application is as follows: when welding is required, the technician fixes the workpiece to be welded on the tooling fixture and makes the parts to be welded overlap.

[0069] During welding, the technician starts the equipment, and the controller 14 drives the robotic arm 11 and the power component 13 to work, and moves the welding clamp 12 to the welding position, so that the two electrode caps 3 are respectively located on both sides of the workpiece overlap area, and the electrode caps 3 are perpendicular to the workpiece surface, so that the heat conduction ring 41 is pressed against the workpiece surface. At this time, the displacement sensor 46 detects the sliding distance of the telescopic end of the magnetorheological fluid damper 45 and transmits the electrical signal to the controller 14. The controller 14 analyzes whether the difference between the values ​​of the multiple displacement sensors 46 on each heat conduction ring 41 exceeds the design range, and can then determine whether there is warping deformation in the workpiece to be welded that is prone to insufficient effective pressure.

[0070] If the difference in values ​​of multiple displacement sensors 46 exceeds the design range, the controller 14 controls the robotic arm 11 and the power component 13 to operate, causing the heat-conducting ring 41 to separate from the workpiece. Then, the technicians unload the workpiece and perform inspection, correction, or scrapping.

[0071] If the difference in values ​​of multiple displacement sensors 46 is within the design range, the controller 14 controls the robotic arm 11 or the power component 13 to continue operating, so that the electrode gripping rod 2 and the electrode cap 3 continue to move towards the workpiece until the electrode cap 3 on the first gripping rod 21 presses against the workpiece with a set pressure and maintains this pressure. This is the pre-pressure stage.

[0072] Then, the controller 14 controls the external power supply to apply current to the electrode cap 3 according to the preset power-on time, so that the metal at the contact surface of the workpiece forms a high-temperature liquid metal nucleus, which is the welding stage.

[0073] At the same time, the heat from the periphery of the plastic ring is quickly transferred to the heat-conducting plate 42, and the heat dissipation area is increased through the heat-conducting plate 42. Meanwhile, an external air source allows gas to enter the distribution cavity 51 and blow it through the connecting seam 52 to the fin portion 422 of the heat-conducting plate 42, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat-conducting plate 42 and reducing the risk of the plastic ring breaking due to excessive heat input generated by spot welding.

[0074] Then, the electrode cap 3 maintains pressure against the workpiece, while cooling water enters the cold water pipe 61 from an external water source through the water inlet pipe 64, flows through the cold water hole 63 and the cold water chamber 62, and is discharged through the water outlet pipe 65, achieving uniform water cooling of the electrode cap 3, increasing the solidification and cooling rate of the weld nugget, and promoting the formation of dense solid weld joints. At the same time, as the temperature of the heat-conducting plate 42 rises to the preset temperature, the heat-conducting plate 42 switches to the second state. At this time, the contact part 421 abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the electrode cap 3, achieving rapid cooling of the heat-conducting plate 42 and reducing the temperature gradient between the metal at the contact part and the metal at the non-contact part of the electrode cap 3. This is the maintenance stage.

[0075] Simultaneously, the controller 14 applies a small current to the electrode cap 3 via an external power supply. Since the heat-conducting sheet 42 is in the second state, the contact part 421 abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the electrode cap 3, connecting the electrode cap 3, the heat-conducting sheet 42, the contact 47, and the power supply to form a stable current loop. At the same time, the current sensor 48 detects whether there is current at each contact 47 and transmits the electrical signal to the controller 14. If no current is detected at some contact 47, it means that some areas have not reached the temperature required to switch the heat-conducting sheet 42 to the second state, i.e., there is insufficient temperature at the melting point, which can easily lead to insufficient melting point size and insufficient weld strength. At this time, the controller 14 controls the robotic arm 11 to move to the initial position, and then the technician unloads the workpiece and performs inspection, correction, or scrapping.

[0076] If the current at each contact 47 is normal, it indicates that the melting temperature is sufficient. At this time, the power component 13 works, driving the first gripping rod 21 and the electrode cap 3 to move. At the same time, the robotic arm 11 works, driving the second gripping rod 22 and the electrode cap 3 to move, so that the two electrode caps 3 move away from each other and separate from the workpiece. As the temperature drops to the preset temperature, the heat-conducting plate 42 switches to the first state. At this time, the contact part 421 and the electrode cap 3 are in a separated state, which is convenient for the next welding. By repeating the above steps, multiple parts to be welded can be continuously spot welded in sequence.

[0077] The above are all optional embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A welding protection device for processing automotive parts, comprising a worktable (1), a robotic arm (11) mounted on the worktable (1), and welding clamps (12) mounted on the robotic arm (11), characterized in that: The welding clamp (12) is provided with an electrode grip (2), and the electrode grip (2) is provided with an electrode cap (3). The electrode grip (2) includes a first grip (21) slidably disposed on the welding clamp (12) and a second grip (22) disposed on the welding clamp (12). The two electrode caps (3) are arranged opposite to each other, and during spot welding, the two electrode caps (3) are located on both sides of the workpiece and abut against the surface of the workpiece. The worktable (1) is provided with a power component (13) for driving the first grip (21) to slide and a welding element (13) for the spot welding nugget. Temperature regulation component (4) and water cooling component (6) for cooling electrode caps (3); the regulation component (4) includes two heat-conducting rings (41) flexibly mounted on the welding clamp (12), the two heat-conducting rings (41) corresponding one-to-one with the two electrode caps (3), the heat-conducting rings (41) being movably fitted onto the electrode caps (3), the sidewalls of the heat-conducting rings (41) being close to each other being in contact with the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and annular grooves (41) being formed on the outer peripheral wall of the heat-conducting rings (41). 1) The heat-conducting ring (41) is provided with a plurality of heat-conducting plates (42) arranged radially along the heat-conducting ring (41). The plurality of heat-conducting plates (42) are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the heat-conducting ring (41) and evenly divide the annular groove (411). The heat-conducting ring (41) is also provided with an air-cooling assembly (5) for cooling the heat-conducting plates (42). The heat-conducting plate (42) includes an abutment portion (421) and a fin portion (422). The fin portion (422) is located in the annular groove (411). The contact portion (421) protrudes from the inner peripheral wall of the heat-conducting ring (41). The heat-conducting sheet (42) has a first state and a second state. When the temperature rises to a preset temperature, the heat-conducting sheet (42) switches from the first state to the second state. When the temperature drops to a preset temperature, it switches from the second state to the first state. When the heat-conducting sheet (42) is in the first state, the contact portion (421) is separated from the electrode cap (3). When the heat-conducting sheet (42) is in the second state, the contact portion (421) abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the electrode cap (3).

2. The welding protection device for processing automotive parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control assembly (4) further includes a fixed cylinder (43) coaxially sleeved on the electrode cap (3), a connecting sleeve (44) coaxially slidingly sleeved on the fixed cylinder (43), the outer peripheral wall of the connecting sleeve (44) is spherical, the inner peripheral wall of the heat-conducting ring (41) is rotatably adapted to the outer peripheral wall of the connecting sleeve (44), the fixed cylinder (43), the connecting sleeve (44) and the heat-conducting ring (41) are all made of insulating material; the heat-conducting ring (41) is provided with a plurality of magnetorheological fluid dampers (45), the plurality of magnetorheological fluid dampers (45) are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the heat-conducting ring (41), the telescopic end of the magnetorheological fluid damper is spherically hinged to the side wall of the heat-conducting ring (41) away from the workpiece, corresponding to the first gripping rod (21) The fixed end of the magnetorheological damper (45) is ball-jointed with the end of the first grip (21) away from the electrode cap (3). The fixed end of the magnetorheological damper (45) corresponding to the second grip (22) is ball-jointed with the welding clamp (12). The magnetorheological damper (45) is provided with a displacement sensor (46) for detecting the sliding distance of the telescopic end of the magnetorheological damper (45). The magnetorheological damper (45) is provided with an elastic element that makes the two heat-conducting rings (41) slide close to each other. The workbench (1) is provided with a controller (14). The magnetorheological damper (45), displacement sensor (46), power component (13), external power supply and robotic arm (11) are all electrically connected to the controller (14).

3. The welding protection device for automotive parts processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fin portion (422) includes a plurality of bent plates connected in sequence, and the plurality of bent plates are arranged in the same direction. The size of the annular groove (411) relative to the two side walls gradually decreases from the direction closer to the electrode cap (3) to the direction farther away from the electrode cap (3). Splash-proof holes (412) are uniformly opened on the inner bottom wall of the annular groove (411).

4. The welding protection device for automotive parts processing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat-conducting sheet (42) is made of conductive material. Multiple contacts (47) are provided on the inner sidewall of the annular groove (411). Each of the multiple contacts (47) corresponds to one of the multiple heat-conducting sheets (42), and the contacts (47) abut against the heat-conducting sheets (42). The contacts (47) are connected to the external power supply through wires. The workbench (1) is provided with current sensors (48) that detect the current at the multiple contacts (47) respectively. The current sensors (48) are electrically connected to the controller (14).

5. A welding protection device for processing automotive parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat-conducting ring (41) has an annular flow-dividing cavity (51). The side wall of the flow-dividing cavity (51) has a connecting slit (52) that communicates with the annular groove (411). The connecting slit (52) is inclined at the opening end near the annular groove (411) and is arranged away from the electrode cap (3). The air-cooling assembly (5) includes an air inlet pipe (53) on the side wall of the heat-conducting ring (41) near the magnetorheological damper (45). One end of the air inlet pipe (53) is connected to the flow-dividing cavity (51), and the other end of the air inlet pipe (53) is connected to an external air source.

6. A welding protection device for processing automotive parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electrode grip (2) has a cold water chamber (62) inside, and the electrode cap (3) has a cold water hole (63) inside. The cold water chamber (62) is connected to the cold water hole (63). The water cooling assembly (6) includes a cold water pipe (61) coaxially disposed in the electrode grip (2). One end of the cold water pipe (61) is located in the cold water hole (63). The electrode grip (2) is provided with an inlet pipe (64) and an outlet pipe (65). The inlet pipe (64) is connected to the cold water pipe (61), and the outlet pipe (65) is connected to the cold water chamber (62). The inlet pipe (64) and the outlet pipe (65) are connected to an external circulating water source.

7. A welding protection device for processing automotive parts according to claim 6, characterized in that, A guide cylinder (15) is sleeved on the first grip (21). The guide cylinder (15) is made of insulating material. A guide hole (16) is opened on the welding clamp (12). The guide cylinder (15) and the guide hole (16) are slidably adapted. The end of the magnetorheological fluid damper (45) corresponding to the first grip (21) away from the heat conduction ring (41) is ball-jointed with the guide cylinder (15).

8. A welding protection device for processing automotive parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat-conducting ring (41) has multiple openings on the side wall away from the magnetorheological damper (45) for inserting heat-conducting plates (42) into mounting slots (413). The heat-conducting ring (41) is detachably provided with a fitting ring (49) to seal the opening end of the mounting slot (413) and fix the heat-conducting plate (42). The fitting ring (49) is in contact with the workpiece on the side wall away from the heat-conducting ring (41).

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