Trailer power supply topology reconstruction method and system based on thermal management guidance

Abstract

The invention discloses a trailer power supply topology reconstruction method and system based on thermal management guidance, and belongs to the technical field of power electronics and power systems, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the real-time temperature, current and thermal management parameters of each battery unit of a trailer chassis, and generating thermal state features; based on the periodicity, evaluating the thermal safety risk and the power supply availability of each unit, and generating a state list marked with risk and available units; dynamically generating a power supply topology reconstruction instruction according to the real-time power demand and the state list of the tractor, forcibly isolating a risk unit, and planning an optimized parallel combination of available units; executing the instruction to control the switching device, and reconstructing an actual power supply connection topology; and finally, according to the reconstructed power supply role of each unit, synchronously generating and issuing a heating management cooperative control instruction. By integrating thermal state sensing and dynamic topology control, the dynamic power requirement of the tractor can be met on the premise of ensuring the thermal safety of the battery, and the system energy efficiency and the battery life are optimized.

Description

A Trailer Power Supply Topology Reconfiguration Method and System Based on Thermal Management Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of power electronics and power system technology, and in particular to a trailer power supply topology reconfiguration method and system based on thermal management guidance. Background Technology

[0004] Modern electric or hybrid trailers are typically equipped with a bidirectional power supply chassis containing multiple battery cells to provide driving power to the tractor. This system includes a battery compartment, a high-voltage cable network, a battery management controller, and a thermal management integrated module to maintain the batteries within a suitable temperature range, collectively forming the trailer's core power and thermal management system. The power supply topology refers to the specific electrical connections between each battery cell and the tractor motor's power supply bus via high-voltage cables and switching devices.

[0005] In existing technologies, the topology of trailer power supply systems is often fixed or only supports limited manual switching modes. Battery cell management typically focuses on balancing individual cell voltage and charge, or on averaging usage based on simple rotation strategies. Thermal management systems usually operate independently, performing global heating or cooling control based on preset temperature thresholds or simple average temperatures. Their operating mode is not strongly correlated with the actual role and load of the battery cells in the power supply network. In this mode, thermal management is relatively coarse, making it difficult to perform differentiated and fine-tuned adjustments based on the real-time thermal state of different batteries.

[0006] However, the aforementioned existing technical solutions have significant drawbacks. Fixed power supply topologies, or those decoupled from thermal conditions, may cause individual battery cells that have already exhibited abnormal temperature rises or degraded heat dissipation performance to remain under high load, exacerbating their risk of thermal runaway, while the system cannot actively isolate them from the power supply network. Independently operating thermal management systems cannot provide targeted cooling based on the actual contribution and heat load distribution of the batteries in the power supply topology, potentially leading to insufficient cooling of critical power supply batteries and excessive cooling of non-critical batteries, resulting in energy waste and poor protection. When the power demand of the tractor changes dynamically or some battery cells become unavailable due to temperature or other reasons, fixed topologies lack flexibility, potentially failing to provide sufficient power or causing overload of remaining batteries, affecting the normal traction function of the trailer. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a trailer power supply topology reconfiguration method and system based on thermal management guidance. By integrating thermal state sensing and dynamic topology control, it can meet the dynamic power requirements of the tractor while ensuring battery thermal safety, and optimize system energy efficiency and battery life.

[0009] The above objectives can be achieved through the following approach:

[0010] The trailer power supply topology reconfiguration method based on thermal management includes: acquiring real-time temperature data, operating current data, and thermal management parameters of each battery cell on the bidirectional power supply chassis, performing preprocessing, and generating a chassis thermal state feature vector; periodically evaluating the thermal safety risk and power supply availability of each battery cell based on the chassis thermal state feature vector, generating a battery cell status list, which at least identifies risky battery cells and available battery cells; generating a power supply topology reconfiguration command based on the real-time power demand from the tractor and the battery cell status list; executing the power supply topology reconfiguration command to control the switching devices set on the high-voltage cable path to change the access or isolation status of each battery cell, obtaining a physically reconfigured power supply topology; and generating a thermal management collaborative control command based on the reconfigured power supply topology and sending it to the thermal management integrated module.

[0011] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a trailer power supply topology reconfiguration system guided by thermal management, the system comprising:

[0012] The data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time temperature data, operating current data and thermal management parameters of each battery unit on the bidirectional power supply chassis and the associated thermal management integrated module, perform preprocessing and generate chassis thermal state feature vector.

[0013] The battery evaluation module is used to periodically evaluate the thermal safety risk and power supply availability of each battery cell based on the chassis thermal state feature vector, and generate a battery cell status list. The battery cell status list at least identifies risky battery cells and available battery cells.

[0014] The instruction generation module is used to generate a power supply topology reconfiguration instruction based on the real-time power demand from the tractor and the battery cell status list;

[0015] The topology reconfiguration module is used to execute the power supply topology reconfiguration command, control the switching devices set on the high-voltage cable path, change the access or isolation state of each battery cell, and obtain a physically reconfigured power supply topology.

[0016] The collaborative processing module is used to generate thermal management collaborative control commands based on the reconstructed power supply topology and send them to the thermal management integration module.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] This invention collects and comprehensively analyzes the temperature, current, and thermal management system parameters of each battery cell in real time. The system can identify battery cells with a risk of thermal runaway and forcibly isolate them in the power supply topology reconfiguration command. At the same time, the system intelligently selects the optimal battery combination to be put into the power supply network based on real-time power demand and battery status, ensuring that the power demand of the tractor can still be met when some battery cells are out of service due to thermal risks, thus achieving a dual guarantee of power supply continuity and safety.

[0019] This invention's power supply topology reconfiguration not only considers power matching but also introduces equivalent internal resistance and load balancing scores as optimization objectives. By selecting parallel battery combinations with lower equivalent internal resistance and more balanced current distribution, internal system losses can be reduced, and power output efficiency can be improved. Dynamic thermal management control, coordinated with the power supply role, can maintain the battery temperature within the optimal operating range, avoiding over- or under-temperature operation, thereby slowing down battery performance degradation and extending the overall battery system lifespan.

[0020] This invention can periodically respond to the changing power demands of the tractor and, in conjunction with the dynamically changing thermal state and availability of the battery cells, generate optimal power supply topology reconfiguration commands in real time. Whether in pure battery power mode or hybrid power mode requiring the participation of the range extender, the system can automatically calculate and select the power supply combination scheme with the best overall performance, enabling the trailer power supply system to flexibly adapt to the working requirements under different loads and environmental conditions.

[0021] This invention integrates multiple aspects, including thermal status monitoring, safety risk assessment, power supply topology planning, switch command execution, and thermal management control, into a unified whole. After power supply reconfiguration, the system can implement precise thermal management based on the actual thermal load of the connected battery cells, arrange orderly charging for unconnected battery cells, and manage temperature rise during charging. This global collaborative mechanism maximizes the utilization of system resources and enhances the intelligence level and overall performance of the entire trailer energy system. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating the trailer power supply topology reconfiguration method based on thermal management guidance according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the truck according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a trailer including a bidirectional power supply chassis according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the high and low pressure connector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the real-time temperature change of the battery cell in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the timing of the battery cell status identification according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the trailer power supply topology reconfiguration system based on thermal management guidance according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Referring to Figure 1, one embodiment of the present invention proposes a trailer power supply topology reconfiguration method based on thermal management guidance. By integrating thermal state perception and dynamic topology control, it can meet the dynamic power requirements of the tractor while ensuring battery thermal safety, and optimize system energy efficiency and battery life.

[0034] As shown in Figure 2, the method described in this embodiment is applied to a trailer containing a bidirectional power supply chassis. The bidirectional power supply chassis has a range extender unit, multiple battery compartments for accommodating battery units (Figure 3), and high-voltage cables connecting each battery unit to high and low voltage connectors (Figure 4). Specifically, it includes:

[0035] S1. Obtain the real-time temperature data, operating current data and thermal management parameters of the associated thermal management integrated module of each battery unit on the bidirectional power supply chassis, perform preprocessing, and generate a chassis thermal state feature vector.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S1 includes the following steps:

[0037] S11. Collect real-time temperature and operating current data fed back by the BMS controller of each battery cell through the low-voltage wiring harness;

[0038] S12. Collect the electric heater power, water cooling system flow rate or air cooling system wind speed parameters of the thermal management integrated module of the bidirectional power supply chassis to obtain thermal management parameters;

[0039] S13. Synchronize and integrate the real-time temperature data, the operating current data, and the thermal management parameters in time to generate a chassis thermal state feature vector.

[0040] Specifically, data is periodically read from the battery management controller inside each battery cell via a low-voltage wiring harness connected to the bidirectional power supply chassis. The battery management controller is an electronic control unit that monitors the internal state of the battery cell. Its real-time temperature data refers to the temperature value measured at the core temperature sampling point inside the battery cell every 0.5 seconds, in degrees Celsius. Its operating current data refers to the current flowing through the output terminals of the battery cell sampled every 0.1 seconds, in amperes. This sampling frequency is set to capture the transient changes in heat and current of the battery under typical operating conditions. Simultaneously, thermal management parameters are collected from the thermal management device integrated with electric heating, water cooling, and air cooling subsystems on the bidirectional power supply chassis. These thermal management parameters include the current power consumption of the electric heater (watts); the volumetric flow rate of the circulating liquid in the cooling pipes of the battery compartment in the water cooling system (liters per minute); or the average wind speed corresponding to the rotational speed of the cooling fan in the air cooling system (meters per second). These parameters reflect the current operating intensity of the thermal management device.

[0041] Subsequently, the collected real-time temperature data, operating current data, and thermal management parameters are synchronized and integrated. Time synchronization refers to aligning the timestamps of data from different sources with different sampling periods using a unified time base, such as the system's millisecond-level clock, to ensure that data within the same time window have consistent timestamps. Integration involves arranging all time-aligned data belonging to the same sampling moment into a multi-dimensional data sequence according to a predefined order. This data sequence constitutes the chassis thermal state feature vector. The mathematical expression of this feature vector V_t is an ordered array:

[0042] ,

[0043] Where the subscript t represents the point in time after synchronization, This represents the real-time temperature data of the i-th battery cell at time t, where the value of i ranges from 1 to the total number of battery cells n. This represents the operating current data of the i-th battery cell at time t. This represents the power data of the electric heater in the thermal management device at time t. This represents the flow rate data of the water cooling system at time t. This represents the wind speed data of the air-cooled system at time t. For the inactive thermal management subsystem, its corresponding parameter value is recorded as 0. The vector dimension is set to 2n+3, based on the complete inclusion of two types of key state data and three types of thermal management control parameters for all battery cells.

[0044] For example, suppose a bidirectional power supply chassis is equipped with four battery cells, an electric heater in operation, and a water-cooling system in operation. At a certain synchronization point, the battery management controller reads the temperature data of the four battery cells as 25.3 degrees Celsius, 27.1 degrees Celsius, 24.8 degrees Celsius, and 32.5 degrees Celsius, respectively; and the operating current data as 45.2 amps, 43.8 amps, 47.1 amps, and 10.5 amps, respectively. The thermal management device reads that the electric heater power is 0 watts, the water-cooling system flow rate is 5.2 liters per minute, and the air-cooling system is not in use with a wind speed of 0 meters per second. After time synchronization and integration, the generated chassis thermal state feature vector is: [25.3,45.2,27.1,43.8,24.8,47.1,32.5,10.5,0,5.2,0]. The vector contains a total of 2*4+3=11 elements, which respectively represent the temperature and current, electric heating power, water cooling flow rate and air cooling speed of the four battery cells.

[0045] S2. Based on the chassis thermal state feature vector, periodically evaluate the thermal safety risk and power supply availability of each battery cell, and generate a battery cell status list. The battery cell status list shall at least identify the risky battery cells and the available battery cells.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S2 includes the following steps:

[0047] S21. Periodically clear the identification results of all battery cells, and calculate the real-time temperature rise rate of each battery cell and the equivalent thermal resistance based on the real-time temperature data and operating current data based on the chassis thermal state feature vector.

[0048] S22. A battery cell whose real-time temperature rise rate exceeds a preset first threshold and whose equivalent thermal resistance is higher than a preset second threshold is identified as a risky battery cell.

[0049] S23. Obtain the real-time temperature rise rate of each risky battery cell to obtain a set of temperature rise rates; calculate the average value of the set of temperature rise rates to obtain the average temperature rise rate; obtain the historical temperature rise rate of unidentified battery cells at each time point within a preset time window; determine whether any unidentified battery cell has a historical temperature rise rate greater than the first threshold; if so, sort the real-time temperature rise rates in the set of temperature rise rates from largest to smallest, and select the value ranked first as the temperature rise rate threshold; if not, use the average temperature rise rate as the temperature rise rate threshold.

[0050] S24. Extract the current temperature from the temperature data of each unidentified battery cell, and identify the unidentified battery cells whose current temperature is lower than a preset safety threshold and whose real-time temperature rise rate is lower than the temperature rise rate threshold as available battery cells.

[0051] S25. Mark the remaining unmarked battery cells as spare battery cells;

[0052] S26. Summarize the identification results of all battery cells to form a battery cell status list.

[0053] Specifically, at the start of each evaluation cycle, the identification results of all battery cells from the previous evaluation are cleared to ensure that the evaluation is based on the latest system state. Based on the chassis thermal state feature vector generated in step S1, the real-time temperature data of each battery cell at evaluation time t is extracted. Operating current data Real-time temperature rise rate The rate of temperature change in a battery cell is characterized by taking the current temperature as the calculation method. Temperature at the previous sampling time The difference, divided by the sampling time interval. ,Right now:

[0054] ,

[0055] in The data sampling period is set to 1 second to balance real-time performance and data stability. The unit is degrees Celsius per second. Equivalent thermal resistance. This characterizes the relative deterioration of the battery cell's heat dissipation capability under current operating conditions. The calculation utilizes both real-time temperature and operating current data.

[0056] ,

[0057] in This represents the ambient temperature, set to a fixed value of 25 degrees Celsius. This is the nominal DC internal resistance of the i-th battery cell, in ohms. This value is obtained directly from the battery cell specification sheet; for example, a typical value is 0.002 ohms. The main source of heat generation in the battery is Joule heat generated by current flowing through the internal resistance, and heat dissipation performance is evaluated by the relationship between temperature difference and thermal resistance.

[0058] Preset first threshold This is a safety limit set at 0.5 degrees Celsius per second for the real-time temperature rise rate. This setting is based on statistical analysis of temperature rise rate data from 200 battery cells during overload and early thermal runaway experiments. A preset second threshold... This is a safety limit for equivalent thermal resistance, set at 1.5 degrees Celsius per watt. The setting is based on the critical statistical value of thermal resistance corresponding to when heat dissipation performance enters the danger zone in the same experimental data. This will meet the real-time temperature rise rate requirement. Exceeding the first threshold And equivalent thermal resistance Above the second threshold Battery cells meeting these two conditions are designated as high-risk battery cells. High-risk battery cells indicate a clear thermal safety risk and should not be connected to the power supply network.

[0059] Collect the real-time temperature rise rate of all battery cells identified as at risk, forming a temperature rise rate set. Calculate the arithmetic mean of all elements in the set to obtain the average temperature rise rate. For battery cells that are still unidentified at this time, their location within a preset time window is retrieved. Historical temperature rise rate data for each historical sampling point within the time window. The timeframe was set to 60 seconds to cover a typical timescale of battery thermal dynamics. The system determines whether any of these unidentified battery cells has a historical temperature rise rate exceeding a first threshold. If it exists, then for the set of temperature rise rates... All values ​​are sorted in descending order, and the first value in the sorted order, which is the maximum value, is selected as the temperature rise rate threshold for the current evaluation period. If it does not exist, then use the average temperature rise rate calculated earlier. As a threshold for temperature rise rate This mechanism allows the temperature rise rate threshold used to determine availability to dynamically reflect the overall thermal risk level of the system.

[0060] Extract the current temperature from the data of each unlabeled battery cell. Preset security threshold This is the highest temperature limit that the battery cell can operate continuously, set at 45 degrees Celsius. This value is determined according to the technical specifications of the battery chemistry system used. This will simultaneously meet the current temperature... Below the safety threshold And its real-time temperature rise rate Below the temperature rise rate threshold Unmarked battery cells meeting these two conditions are designated as available battery cells. Available battery cells indicate that their temperature conditions are safe and their temperature rise trend is gradual, making them ready to provide power immediately.

[0061] Remaining battery cells that are neither classified as risky nor available battery cells are designated as backup battery cells. Backup battery cells are in a pending state and may be considered for use when conditions are met later.

[0062] Finally, the identification results of all battery cells, including those at risk, available, and backup, are compiled to form a structured battery cell status list. This list is organized in tabular or list format, clearly recording the unique number of each battery cell and its corresponding status identifier.

[0063] For example, as shown in Figure 5, consider a bidirectional power supply chassis configured with four battery cells, with a sampling interval of... For 1 second, ambient temperature The temperature is 25 degrees Celsius, and the nominal internal resistance of each battery cell is... All are 0.002 ohms. First threshold The second threshold is 0.5 degrees Celsius per second. The safety threshold is 1.5 degrees Celsius per watt. 45 degrees Celsius, time window The evaluation time was 60 seconds. At a certain evaluation time t, the real-time temperature data of the four battery cells extracted from the chassis thermal state feature vector were 48.0 degrees Celsius, 41.0 degrees Celsius, 32.0 degrees Celsius, and 38.5 degrees Celsius, respectively; the operating current data were 150 amps, 130 amps, 10 amps, and 120 amps, respectively; and their real-time temperature rise rates calculated from historical data were 0.8 degrees Celsius per second, 0.4 degrees Celsius per second, 0.1 degrees Celsius per second, and 0.3 degrees Celsius per second, respectively.

[0064] First, calculate the equivalent thermal resistance of each battery cell. For battery cell 1, Temperature per watt in degrees Celsius. Battery cell 2. Temperature per watt in degrees Celsius. Battery cell 3. Temperature per watt in degrees Celsius. Battery cell 4. Temperature per watt in degrees Celsius.

[0065] Next, the temperature rise rate of battery cell 1 is 0.8, which is greater than... However, its equivalent thermal resistance of 0.511 is less than... Therefore, the dual conditions for a risky battery cell are not met. Battery cell 2's temperature rise rate of 0.4 and equivalent thermal resistance of 0.473 both do not exceed the threshold. Battery cell 3's temperature rise rate of 0.1 does not exceed 0.5, but its equivalent thermal resistance of 35.0 is much greater than 1.5. Battery cell 4's temperature rise rate of 0.3 and equivalent thermal resistance of 0.469 both do not exceed the threshold. Therefore, no battery cell in this cycle is identified as a risky battery cell, and the temperature rise rate set... Empty, average temperature rise rate According to the rules, it is considered as 0.

[0066] Assuming that the historical temperature rise rate of all unidentified battery cells has not exceeded 0.5 degrees Celsius per second over the past 60 seconds, therefore the temperature rise rate threshold is... use That is, 0 degrees Celsius per second. Next, assess the availability of the battery cells: Battery cell 1's temperature of 48.0 degrees Celsius is already higher than... 45.0, does not meet the criteria. Battery cell 2 has a temperature of 41.0, which is lower than 45.0, but its temperature rise rate of 0.4 is greater than 0, which does not meet the criteria. Battery cell 3 has a temperature of 32.0, which is lower than 45.0, but its temperature rise rate of 0.1 is greater than 0, which does not meet the criteria. Battery cell 4 has a temperature of 38.5, which is lower than 45.0, but its temperature rise rate of 0.3 is greater than 0, which does not meet the criteria. Therefore, no battery cell is identified as an available battery cell.

[0067] Ultimately, all four battery cells were identified as backup battery cells. The generated battery cell status list is as follows: Battery cell 1 is a backup battery cell, Battery cell 2 is a backup battery cell, Battery cell 3 is a backup battery cell, and Battery cell 4 is a backup battery cell. The timing diagram of the battery cell status identification is shown in Figure 6.

[0068] S3. Based on the real-time power demand from the tractor and the battery cell status list, generate a power supply topology reconfiguration instruction. The power supply topology reconfiguration instruction is used to plan the parallel switching relationship of each battery cell connected to the tractor motor power supply network through the high-voltage cable.

[0069] The power supply topology reconfiguration instruction includes the first reconfiguration instruction and the second reconfiguration instruction. The power supply topology reconfiguration instruction explicitly stipulates that the high-voltage cable corresponding to the risky battery unit should be in a physically isolated cut-off state.

[0070] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S3 includes the following steps:

[0071] S31. Obtain the drive power requirements periodically sent by the tractor controller through the communication link as the real-time power requirements;

[0072] S32. From the battery cell status list, select standby battery cells whose difference between the current temperature and the safety threshold is less than a preset margin threshold, and combine them with the available battery cells to obtain a candidate battery cell set.

[0073] S33. Obtain the voltage and charge status of each battery cell in the candidate battery cell set, calculate multiple parallel switching combinations that can meet the real-time power requirements, and obtain a candidate combination set.

[0074] S34. Calculate the equivalent internal resistance and load balance score of each parallel switching combination in the candidate combination set;

[0075] S35. Based on the equivalent internal resistance and load balance score of each parallel switching combination, the final parallel switching combination is selected.

[0076] S36. Generate the first reconstruction instruction based on the final parallel switching combination.

[0077] Specifically, through a communication link established within the vehicle, such as a controller area network bus, the system periodically receives and reads drive power demand data sent by the tractor controller; this data represents the real-time power demand. The unit is kilowatt. This data directly reflects the electrical power input required by the tractor motor in the next control cycle.

[0078] Next, information is extracted from the battery cell status list generated in step S2. Battery cells marked as available are directly included in the candidate pool. For battery cells marked as standby, further filtering is required: their current temperature is read. Calculate its relationship with the preset safety threshold. The difference, i.e. Preset margin threshold It is a positive temperature margin, set at 5 degrees Celsius. This setting is based on taking into account temperature measurement errors and short-term temperature rise fluctuations, providing a buffer for safe operation. Only when... Only when this condition is met is the backup battery cell allowed to be added to the candidate pool. All eligible available battery cells are then merged with the backup battery cell to form a candidate battery cell set. .

[0079] Get Collection The terminal voltage of each battery cell at time t Battery status value The state-of-charge (SOC) value is a percentage, representing the ratio of remaining battery capacity to rated capacity. This is to meet real-time power demands. It needs to be from the set Find all possible subsets of battery cells such that, when these battery cells are connected in parallel, their theoretical total output power is not less than [amount missing]. For any subset consisting of k battery cells... Its theoretical total output power It can be:

[0080] ,

[0081] in It is the maximum allowable continuous discharge current of the j-th battery cell, in amperes, and this value is determined by the battery specifications. The percentage of power state is converted into a coefficient to approximate the current available power. This will satisfy... All subsets Recorded as parallel switching combinations, forming a candidate combination set. .

[0082] For the candidate combination set Each parallel switching combination Two evaluation metrics need to be calculated. The first metric is the equivalent internal resistance. In a parallel circuit, the reciprocal of the total equivalent internal resistance is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the internal resistances of each branch. Since the dynamic internal resistance of a battery cell is difficult to measure directly in real time, the nominal DC internal resistance is used here. To perform an approximate calculation, that is:

[0083] ,

[0084] A smaller equivalent internal resistance means that the battery pack has a smaller voltage drop and lower energy consumption when outputting a large current.

[0085] The second indicator is the load balancing score. This rating quantifies the expected imbalance in current distribution among battery cells during parallel operation; a more balanced current distribution is beneficial to battery life. First, based on the characteristics of the parallel circuit, the total output current is estimated. Current distribution of each battery cell .in This is the average voltage of the battery cells in the assembly. The distribution current is inversely proportional to the internal resistance of each branch, and can be approximated as:

[0086] ,

[0087] Then calculate all average Load balancing score Defined as:

[0088] ,

[0089] The formula calculates the ratio of the standard deviation to the average value of the distributed current, and subtracts this ratio from 1 to make the score between 0 and 1, with a larger score indicating a more balanced load.

[0090] Based on the equivalent internal resistance of each parallel switching combination and load balancing score The final parallel switching combinations are determined through screening. A weighted scoring method is used to first select all candidate combinations. and Normalize each value separately to map it to the interval between 0 and 1. Since its expected value is small, the normalized score is:

[0091] ,

[0092] for Since a large expected value is desired, the original value is used directly. The final combined score... for:

[0093] ,

[0094] Among them, weight and The values ​​were set to 0.4 and 0.6 respectively. This setting is based on engineering experience, which suggests that load balancing has a slightly greater impact on the long-term health of the battery pack than the instantaneous efficiency loss caused by internal resistance. A comprehensive score was selected. The highest parallel switching combination is used as the final parallel switching combination. Based on this combination, a first reconfiguration instruction is generated, which explicitly stipulates that the high-voltage cable corresponding to the risky battery cell should be in a physically isolated disconnected state.

[0095] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S3 further includes the following steps:

[0096] S37. When there is no parallel switching combination that meets the real-time power demand, obtain the real-time power generation data and health status parameters of the range extender unit, perform a status assessment, and generate a range extender unit status vector.

[0097] S38. Perform power supply capability fusion analysis on the range extender unit state vector and the candidate battery unit set to obtain a set of extended combinations that can meet the real-time power requirements.

[0098] S39. Based on the equivalent internal resistance, load balance score and range extender unit energy efficiency score of each extended switching combination in the extended combination set, the final optimized parallel switching combination is selected.

[0099] S310. Calculate the equivalent internal resistance, load balance score, and energy efficiency score of each extended switching combination in the extended combination set.

[0100] S311. Based on the equivalent internal resistance, load balancing score, and energy efficiency score of each extended switching combination, the final extended switching combination is selected.

[0101] S312. Generate the second reconstruction instruction based on the final extended switching combination.

[0102] Specifically, when the candidate combination set It is an empty set, meaning that no parallel switching combination can meet the real-time power requirements. If this happens, the process of generating the second refactoring instruction will be initiated.

[0103] Obtain real-time power generation data from range extender units, such as onboard fuel generators. With health status parameters The health status parameter is a percentage between 0 and 100, representing the degree of performance degradation of the range extender unit. A status assessment is performed to generate the range extender unit's state vector. .

[0104] The range extender unit state vector and the candidate battery cell set Perform a power supply capability integration analysis. This means identifying the power supply capability of the range extender unit and... A power supply scheme consisting of some or all of the battery cells. Calculate all possible extended switching combinations so that the sum of the output power of the range extender unit and the theoretical total output power of the candidate battery cell subset can meet the real-time power requirements. ,Right now:

[0105] ,

[0106] in This is the overall efficiency of the range extender unit's power conversion and transmission, set to a fixed value of 0.92; This represents the theoretical total output power of a subset containing m battery cells. All combinations satisfying this condition constitute an extended combination set. .

[0107] For extended combinatorial sets For each extended switching combination, three evaluation metrics need to be calculated. The first two metrics are equivalent internal resistance. and load balancing score The calculation method is the same as described above, but it only applies to the battery cell portion of the assembly. The third indicator is the range extender unit's energy efficiency score. The rating is defined as follows:

[0108] ,

[0109] in This refers to the net power that the range extender unit needs to compensate for. This score reflects the proportion of the range extender unit's output power that is effectively utilized. The closer the value is to 1, the better the power of the range extender unit complements the battery power, and the less waste there is. Its value is between 0 and 1.

[0110] Based on the equivalent internal resistance of each extended switching combination Load balancing score Energy efficiency rating of the range extender unit The final extended targeting combination is then selected. A similar weighted scoring method is used to sum the three normalized indicators using weighted averages:

[0111] ,

[0112] in That is, after normalization Value (because) (It is already between 0 and 1, so it can be used directly). Weight , , The values ​​were set to 0.3, 0.4, and 0.3 respectively. This setting is based on the principle that in hybrid power supply mode, priority must still be given to ensuring balanced battery load, while simultaneously balancing system internal resistance and range extender unit efficiency. A comprehensive score was selected. The highest-level extended switching combination becomes the final extended switching combination. Based on this combination, a second reconfiguration instruction is generated, which also explicitly stipulates that the high-voltage cables corresponding to the risky battery cells should be in a physically isolated, disconnected state.

[0113] For example, suppose the real-time power demand is... The capacity is 100 kilowatts. The battery cell status list shows battery cells A (available) and B (standby). (Celsius), C (for backup) (Celsius), D (risk). Safety threshold. Celsius, margin threshold Degrees Celsius. Battery cell B meets the requirements. Candidates are possible; C satisfies Therefore, the candidate battery cell set is as follows: It contains A, B, and C. Their... Both are 400 volts. Both are 200 amperes. 80%, 70%, and 60% respectively, nominal internal resistance All are 0.002 ohms. Calculate the theoretical power of a single cell: A is... kilowatts, B is kilowatts, C is kilowatt.

[0114] Trial combinations: only A+B results in 120 kW > 100 kW, only A+C results in 112 kW > 100 kW, only B+C results in 104 kW > 100 kW, and A+B+C results in 168 kW > 100 kW. These four subsets constitute the candidate combination set. .

[0115] Calculate the index using combination A+B as an example. Equivalent internal resistance. Ohms. Estimate total current. Ampere. Estimate the distributed current: ampere, Ampere. Average current Ampere. Load balancing score .

[0116] Similar to calculating other combinations and Combination A+C ohm, Combination B+C ohm, Combinations A+B+C ohm, All combinations All are 1. (This is a partial translation of a Chinese document, and the translation is incomplete.) Normalized: Maximum value 0.001, minimum value 0.000667. Combination A+B Combinations A+B+C Weighted score: Combination A+B is Combination A+B+C is Therefore, combination A+B+C is selected as the final parallel switching combination to generate the first reconstruction instruction.

[0117] If we assume that the theoretical power of all combinations is less than 100 kilowatts, then the set If empty, trigger the second process. Set up the range extender unit. kilowatt, , Need to find The combination of. That is, the combination of. kilowatt.

[0118] Finally, a combination was found whose battery section had an output power of 80 kilowatts. kilowatts, then Then, a comprehensive score is calculated based on the weighted formula, the final extended switching combination is selected, and the second reconstruction instruction is generated.

[0119] S4. Execute the power supply topology reconfiguration command, control the switching devices set on the high-voltage cable path, change the access or isolation state of each battery unit, and obtain a physically reconfigured power supply topology.

[0120] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S4 includes the following steps:

[0121] S41. Parse the power supply topology reconfiguration instruction to obtain the target access status instruction set corresponding to each battery unit and range extender unit. The target access status instruction set includes at least access instructions and isolation instructions.

[0122] S42. Based on the target access state instruction set, determine the target on / off state sequence of the switching devices on the high-voltage cable path corresponding to each battery unit and range extender unit.

[0123] S43. Based on the target on / off state sequence, send corresponding control signals to each switching device to switch the on / off state, thereby changing the electrical connection relationship between the corresponding battery unit or range extender unit and the tractor motor power supply network.

[0124] S44. Collect and verify the actual on / off state of all switching devices after switching, and generate connection status feedback information.

[0125] S45. Based on the connectivity feedback information, confirm the final access or isolation status of each battery unit and range extender unit to form a physically reconfigured power supply topology.

[0126] Specifically, the power supply topology reconfiguration command serves as input data. This command is structured data in the form of a digital message, explicitly specifying the electrical connection targets that should be applied to each battery unit and range extender unit on the bidirectional power supply chassis during this reconfiguration cycle. The parsing process is achieved by reading specific fields of this data message to extract the target operation code corresponding to each unit. The operation code is an integer, with 0 representing an isolation command and 1 representing an access command. The target operation codes of all units constitute the target access status command set, denoted as... ,in It is the total number of battery cells and range extender units in the system. Representing the The target instruction of each unit has a value range of 1. .

[0127] Each battery cell and range extender unit is connected to the common tractor motor power supply bus via an independent high-voltage cable path. A switching device, such as an electromagnetic contactor, is connected in series on each path. The switching device has two stable physical states: on and off. The on state corresponds to electrical connection, and the off state corresponds to electrical isolation. Target on / off state sequence. Based on the target access status instruction set One-to-one correspondence is determined, and the mapping rule is as follows: ,but This indicates that the switching device should be in the ON state; if ,but This indicates that the switching device should be in the off state. This mapping relationship can be expressed by the formula: ,in From 1 to . It is the first The target on / off state of a switching device, where 1 represents on and 0 represents off.

[0128] Based on the target on / off state sequence The digital output module in the control system generates corresponding control signals and sends them to the drive coil of each switching device. The control signals are voltage pulses, with logic levels consistent with the target state. A high level, such as 24 volts, drives the switching device to or maintains the ON state, while a low level (0 volts) drives it to or maintains the OFF state. The transmission actions must follow a preset timing sequence to avoid current surges caused by simultaneous operation of multiple switches. The interval between the transmission of control signals to two adjacent switching devices is specified. The setting is 50 milliseconds, which is based on the typical operating time of switching devices and the safety margin allowed by engineering experience.

[0129] After all switching devices have completed their state transitions, their actual on / off states are acquired by reading the feedback signals from the auxiliary contacts built into each device. The auxiliary contacts are mechanically linked to the main contacts, and their on / off states directly reflect the actual positions of the main contacts. The acquired actual on / off states form a sequence. ,in For the first The actual state of each switching device, where 1 represents actual conduction and 0 represents actual disconnection. The connection state feedback information is the sequence. It is recorded and uploaded to the control unit.

[0130] Based on connectivity state feedback information Confirm the final connection or isolation status of each battery cell and range extender unit. For the first... Each unit, its final access or isolation status. Based on its corresponding actual switch state Determine if If so, the unit is confirmed to be connected to the tractor motor power supply network; if If the status is confirmed as isolated, the unit is then identified as isolated. The final status confirmations of all units are then aggregated to form the physically reconfigured power supply topology. This topology clearly records, in list form, which battery units and range extender units are actually electrically connected to the power supply network at the current moment, and which are disconnected.

[0131] For example, suppose a system contains 3 battery cells numbered B1, B2, and B3 and 1 range extender cell numbered G1, with a total number of cells... After parsing the power supply topology reconfiguration command from step S3, the target access status command set is obtained. This means that B1 and B3 should be connected, while B2 and G1 should be isolated.

[0132] Based on the mapping rules, determine the target on / off state sequence of the switching devices on the high-voltage cable path corresponding to each unit. .

[0133] Control system based on Control signals are sent sequentially at 50-millisecond intervals. At time T0, a high-level signal is sent to the switch device B1 to drive it to close. At T0+50 milliseconds, a low-level signal is sent to the switch device B2 to drive it to open. At T0+100 milliseconds, a high-level signal is sent to the switch device B3. At T0+150 milliseconds, a low-level signal is sent to the switch device G1.

[0134] After all signals have been sent and the switch action has been completed, the actual state is acquired via the auxiliary contacts. Assume the acquired sequence of actual on / off states is as follows: This sequence represents the connectivity feedback information.

[0135] based on Confirm the final state, because and Therefore, B1 and B3 are confirmed to be connected; because and Therefore, B2 and G1 are confirmed to be isolated. The resulting physically reconfigured power supply topology is that battery units B1 and B3 are connected to the tractor motor power supply network, while battery unit B2 and range extender unit G1 are isolated.

[0136] S5. Based on the power supply role of each battery unit in the parallel switching relationship in the reconstructed power supply topology, generate thermal management collaborative control commands and send them to the thermal management integration module of the bidirectional power supply chassis.

[0137] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S5 includes the following steps:

[0138] S51. Based on the reconstructed power supply topology, identify the set of battery units currently connected to the tractor motor power supply network and generate a list of valid power supply units;

[0139] S52. Obtain the real-time temperature data and operating current data of each battery unit in the list of effective power supply units after reconstruction, and combine them with the thermal management parameters of the thermal management integration module to perform dynamic evaluation of thermal load and generate a thermal load distribution map.

[0140] S53. Based on the heat load distribution map and the preset heat management target strategy, calculate the control parameters of the electric heater, water cooling system and air cooling system in the heat management integrated module, and generate a heat management collaborative control command that includes specific execution actions and parameter setting values.

[0141] S54. The thermal management collaborative control command is sent to the thermal management integrated module through the low-voltage wiring harness to drive the execution of the corresponding heating or cooling operation.

[0142] Specifically, based on the physically reconstructed power supply topology confirmed after step S4, the battery cells that have successfully connected to the tractor motor power supply network are identified, and these cells constitute a list of valid power supply cells. This list records the unique numbers of all battery cells that are electrically connected in the power supply network in a list format.

[0143] Next, from the chassis thermal state feature vector continuously updated in step S1, the latest real-time temperature data of each battery cell in the list of effective power supply units at the moment of reconstruction completion is obtained. Operating current data Simultaneously, it acquires the current thermal management parameters of the thermal management integration module, including the electric heater power. Water cooling system flow rate And air-cooled system fan speed The core of dynamically evaluating the thermal load on this data is calculating a quantified thermal load fraction for each effectively powered battery cell. The heat load fraction is used to characterize the thermal stress of the battery cell relative to the safety boundary under current operating conditions. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0144] ,

[0145] in It is a preset safety threshold, which is the highest temperature boundary that the battery is allowed to operate continuously, in degrees Celsius; This is a preset safety margin threshold, in degrees Celsius. The numerator of the formula is the difference between the battery's current temperature and the upper safety limit, and the denominator is the set safety margin. It is a dimensionless numerical value. The higher the value, the closer the battery temperature is to the safe upper limit, and the higher the heat load. When hour, A negative value or zero indicates that the temperature is within a safe range with sufficient margin. Heat load fraction of all effectively powered battery cells. By associating it with its spatial location information, a heat load distribution map is generated, which reflects the distribution of heat load in the entire power supply network in the form of a data matrix or a visual graphic.

[0146] Based on the heat load distribution map and the preset thermal management target strategy, the control parameters of each component in the thermal management integrated module are calculated. The thermal management target strategy is a pre-set temperature control rule, such as "maintaining the temperature of the effective power supply battery unit within the optimal operating range". Within the cell, priority is given to cooling the cell with the highest heat load fraction. The optimal operating range is set according to the battery chemistry characteristics, for example... Celsius Degrees Celsius. The calculation of control parameters follows these rules:

[0147] For water cooling systems, the flow rate setpoint Based on the largest heat load fraction among all effective power supply units To determine:

[0148] ,

[0149] in This is the maximum design flow rate of the water cooling system, expressed in liters per minute. It is a proportional coefficient, set to 0.8. This setting is based on avoiding abrupt changes in flow rate while retaining some adjustment capability. Ensure that cooling is only performed when there is a positive heat load.

[0150] For electric heaters, their power setting value This setting is activated only when the average battery temperature is below the lower limit of the optimal operating range, as shown in the formula:

[0151] ,

[0152] in It is the average temperature of all effectively powered battery cells. This is the maximum power of the electric heater, measured in watts. It is a proportionality coefficient, measured in watts per degree Celsius. For example, it is set to 100, based on the linear relationship between heating power and temperature difference and the system's heat capacity characteristics.

[0153] For air-cooled systems, the wind speed setpoint As an auxiliary heat dissipation method, the calculation formula is:

[0154] ,

[0155] in It is the average heat load fraction of the effective power supply battery cells (taken as 0 for negative values). This is the maximum airflow speed of the air-cooled system, measured in meters per second. It is the scaling factor, set to 0.6.

[0156] The above calculations generate thermal management collaborative control instructions that include specific execution actions and parameter settings, such as "set the water cooling system flow rate to..." The electric heater power is set to [value] times per minute. Watt, set the air-cooling system fan speed to "meters per second." Finally, this command is sent out in the form of a digital communication message through the low-voltage wiring harness connecting the control unit and the thermal management integration module, driving the thermal management integration module to perform the corresponding heating or cooling operation.

[0157] For example, assuming that in the physically reconfigured power supply topology, the battery cells connected to the network are B1 and B2, a list of effective power supply cells is formed. The information for B1 is obtained from the chassis thermal state feature vector. Celsius Ampere; B2 Celsius Ampere. Preset Celsius Celsius Celsius Degrees Celsius. System parameters. Rise per minute watt, meters per second, coefficient , , .

[0158] First, calculate the heat load fraction. For B1: For B2: Since both are negative, the maximum heat load fraction... Average heat load fraction In taking The value is 0. Average temperature. Celsius.

[0159] Next, calculate the control parameters, specifically the water cooling system flow setpoint: Rise per minute. Due to Celsius, equal to Not lower than Therefore, the electric heater power setting value Watts. Air-cooled system fan speed setpoint: meters per second.

[0160] Therefore, the generated thermal management coordinated control command is as follows: set the water cooling system flow rate to 0 liters per minute, set the electric heater power to 0 watts, and set the air cooling system wind speed to 0 meters per second. This command is sent through the low-voltage wiring harness. Upon receiving the command, the thermal management integrated module will shut down the water cooling pump, electric heater, and cooling fan.

[0161] S6. Based on the reconstructed power supply topology, the range extender unit is used to charge the battery units that are not connected to the tractor motor power supply network.

[0162] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S6 includes the following steps:

[0163] S61. Obtain the reconstructed power supply topology, identify battery cells that are not currently connected to the tractor motor power supply network, and generate a list of battery cells to be charged.

[0164] S62. Obtain the real-time temperature data and real-time power status data of each battery cell in the list of battery cells to be charged, and calculate the charging demand score of each battery cell in combination with the battery cell status list.

[0165] S63. Based on the charging demand scores of each battery cell, sort them to generate a charging priority sequence;

[0166] S64. Obtain the real-time power generation data and health status parameters of the range extender unit, perform a status assessment, and generate a range extender unit availability vector.

[0167] S65. Based on the charging priority sequence and the range extender unit availability vector, match the battery cells that can be charged and generate range extender charging control instructions.

[0168] S66. Execute the range-extending charging control command to control the range-extending unit to charge the matched battery unit via the switching device on the corresponding high-voltage cable path;

[0169] S67. Based on the real-time temperature data changes of each matched battery cell during the charging process, generate a charging thermal management coordination command and send it to the thermal management integration module.

[0170] Specifically, the power supply topology, which is finally confirmed by the physical reconfiguration after step S4, is obtained. Based on this topology information, all battery cells that are not currently connected to the tractor motor power supply network are identified; these cells are in an electrically isolated state. The unique numbers of these unconnected battery cells are recorded in a list to generate a list of battery cells to be charged.

[0171] From the chassis thermal state feature vector continuously generated in step S1, read the real-time temperature data of each battery cell in the list of battery cells to be charged. Simultaneously, the battery management controller acquires real-time power status data for these units. This data is a percentage, representing the proportion of remaining capacity to rated capacity. Combined with the battery cell status list generated in step S2, which identifies each battery cell as a risk cell, an available cell, or a backup cell, a charging demand score for each battery cell is calculated. This rating quantifies the urgency and suitability of a battery needing to be charged. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0172] ,

[0173] in It represents the real-time state of charge percentage of the battery cell. It reflects the degree of battery depletion; the higher the value, the more it needs to be charged. It is the real-time temperature data of the battery cell, in degrees Celsius. It is the preset optimal charging temperature for the battery, such as 25 degrees Celsius, at which charging efficiency is high and damage to battery health is minimal. It is the absolute difference between the current temperature and the optimal temperature, reflecting the suitability of the temperature for charging. The larger the difference, the less suitable it is to immediately charge at high power. It is a temperature reference value, set to 10 degrees Celsius, used to normalize the temperature difference item so that it is comparable in magnitude to the power shortage item. and These are weighting coefficients, set to 0.7 and 0.3 respectively. This setting is based on the engineering practice that the state of charge is the main factor determining charging priority, while temperature suitability is a secondary adjustment factor. It is a dimensionless rating; the higher the value, the higher the overall charging demand.

[0174] Based on the calculated charging demand score of all battery cells to be charged The battery cells are sorted in descending order of their ratings. The battery cells with the highest ratings have the highest charging priority. This sorting result generates a charging priority sequence, which is an ordered list. The first element of the list is the battery cell number with the highest charging demand rating, the second element is the cell number with the second highest rating, and so on.

[0175] Obtain real-time power generation data of the range extender unit With health status parameters The health status parameter is a percentage ranging from 0 to 100. A status assessment is performed to determine if the range extender unit is available for charging, generating a range extender unit availability vector. .in It is a Boolean flag, when and hour, If true, it means available; otherwise, it means false (meaning unavailable). This is the minimum power generation threshold available to the range extender unit, set at 5 kilowatts; This is the minimum health threshold, set to 70. These thresholds are set to ensure that the range extender unit can only be activated when it has basic output capability and its performance has not severely degraded.

[0176] Based on the charging priority sequence and the range extender unit availability vector, battery cells that can be charged are matched. The matching logic is as follows: check the range extender unit availability vector... If true, then starting from the top of the charging priority sequence, battery cells are selected sequentially until the number of selected battery cells reaches the preset limit. Or the sequence traversal is complete. Preset upper limit. The setting is 2 because the power output capability of a typical range extender unit can usually only effectively charge a limited number of battery cells simultaneously. A range extender charging control command is generated based on the matching result. This command explicitly specifies which matched battery cells the range extender unit should charge and stipulates the connection to be established via the corresponding high-voltage cable path.

[0177] The range extender charging control command is executed. Based on the command, the control system controls the output contactor of the range extender unit to close, and also controls the switching devices on the corresponding high-voltage cable paths of the matched battery units to close, thereby establishing a charging circuit from the range extender unit to these battery units. The range extender unit then begins to supply electrical energy to the matched battery units through this circuit for charging.

[0178] During charging, the real-time temperature data of each matched battery cell is continuously monitored. Based on the temperature change trend, charging thermal management coordination commands are generated. For example, if the temperature of a certain battery cell... The temperature rises above the preset charging temperature alarm threshold. The instruction then requests the thermal management integration module to activate the air-cooling system in the battery compartment containing the battery cell for auxiliary heat dissipation. This instruction is sent to the thermal management integration module for execution via the low-voltage wiring harness.

[0179] For example, assuming that in the physically reconfigured power supply topology, battery cells B3 and B4 are not connected to the network, the generated list of battery cells to be charged includes B3 and B4. The real-time temperature of B3 is obtained. Temperature in Celsius, battery status It is also identified as a backup battery unit in the battery unit status list. (B4) Celsius This is identified as a backup battery unit. (Preset) Celsius Celsius, weight Calculate the charging demand score for B3: For B4: Based on the ratings, B3's score of 56.15 is higher than B4's score of 35.3, therefore the charging priority sequence is [B3, B4].

[0180] Obtain range extender unit data: kilowatt, Determine availability: due to and Therefore If true, the range extender unit availability vector is [8, 80, true]. Matching is performed based on the priority sequence and the availability vector. Since the range extender unit is available, and Starting from the top of the sequence, the selection matches battery cells B3 and B4. A range extender charging control command is generated: the range extender unit charges battery cells B3 and B4. Executing this command controls the closing of switches on the range extender unit and the high-voltage cable paths leading to B3 and B4, initiating charging.

[0181] Assuming the temperature of B3 is monitored to rise during charging... The temperature exceeded the preset charging temperature alarm threshold. If the temperature reaches a certain degree Celsius, a charging thermal management coordination command will be generated, requiring the activation of air cooling in the battery compartment where B3 is located.

[0182] Based on the same inventive concept, as shown in Figure 7, the present invention also provides a trailer power supply topology reconfiguration system guided by thermal management, the system comprising:

[0183] The data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time temperature data, operating current data and thermal management parameters of each battery unit on the bidirectional power supply chassis and the associated thermal management integrated module, perform preprocessing and generate chassis thermal state feature vector.

[0184] The battery evaluation module is used to periodically evaluate the thermal safety risk and power supply availability of each battery cell based on the chassis thermal state feature vector, and generate a battery cell status list. The battery cell status list at least identifies risky battery cells and available battery cells.

[0185] The instruction generation module is used to generate a power supply topology reconfiguration instruction based on the real-time power demand from the tractor and the battery cell status list;

[0186] The topology reconfiguration module is used to execute the power supply topology reconfiguration command, control the switching devices set on the high-voltage cable path, change the access or isolation state of each battery cell, and obtain a physically reconfigured power supply topology.

[0187] The collaborative processing module is used to generate thermal management collaborative control commands based on the reconstructed power supply topology and send them to the thermal management integration module.

[0188] It should be noted that the electrical connections between the various units described above do not necessarily represent direct or indirect connections. Any indirect connection method can be applied to the embodiments of the present invention as long as it achieves the purpose of the present invention. The above descriptions are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0189] All equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the teachings of this invention are still within the scope of this invention. Those skilled in the art will readily conceive of other embodiments of this invention upon considering the specification and the disclosure of practical truth. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this invention that follow the general principles of this invention and include common knowledge or conventional techniques in the art not described herein.

Claims

1. A trailer power supply topology reconfiguration method based on thermal management guidance, characterized in that, The method includes: acquiring real-time temperature data, operating current data, and thermal management parameters of the associated thermal management integrated module for each battery cell on the bidirectional power supply chassis; preprocessing these data to generate a chassis thermal state feature vector; periodically evaluating the thermal safety risk and power supply availability of each battery cell based on the chassis thermal state feature vector; generating a battery cell status list, wherein the battery cell status list at least identifies risky battery cells and available battery cells; generating a power supply topology reconfiguration command based on the real-time power demand from the tractor and the battery cell status list; executing the power supply topology reconfiguration command to control the switching devices installed on the high-voltage cable path to change the access or isolation status of each battery cell, thereby obtaining a physically reconfigured power supply topology; and generating a thermal management collaborative control command based on the reconfigured power supply topology and sending it to the thermal management integrated module.

2. The trailer power supply topology reconfiguration method based on thermal management guidance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of generating the chassis thermal state feature vector includes: collecting real-time temperature data and operating current data fed back by the BMS controller of each battery unit through the low-voltage wiring harness; collecting the electric heater power, water cooling system flow rate or air cooling system wind speed parameters of the thermal management integrated module of the bidirectional power supply chassis to obtain thermal management parameters; and synchronizing and integrating the real-time temperature data, the operating current data and the thermal management parameters in time to generate the chassis thermal state feature vector.

3. The trailer power supply topology reconfiguration method based on thermal management guidance according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of generating a battery cell status list includes: periodically clearing the identification results of all battery cells, and calculating the real-time temperature rise rate and equivalent thermal resistance of each battery cell based on the chassis thermal state feature vector; identifying battery cells whose real-time temperature rise rate exceeds a preset first threshold and whose equivalent thermal resistance is higher than a preset second threshold as risky battery cells; extracting the current temperature from the temperature data of each unidentified battery cell, and identifying unidentified battery cells whose current temperature is lower than a preset safety threshold and whose real-time temperature rise rate is lower than a preset temperature rise rate threshold as available battery cells; identifying the remaining unidentified battery cells as standby battery cells; and summarizing the identification results of all battery cells to form a battery cell status list.

4. The trailer power supply topology reconfiguration method based on thermal management guidance according to claim 3, characterized in that, The acquisition of the temperature rise rate threshold includes: acquiring the real-time temperature rise rate of each risky battery cell to obtain a temperature rise rate set; calculating the average value of the temperature rise rate set to obtain the average temperature rise rate; acquiring the historical temperature rise rate of unidentified battery cells at each time point within a preset time window; determining whether any unidentified battery cell has a historical temperature rise rate greater than the first threshold; if so, sorting the real-time temperature rise rates in the temperature rise rate set from largest to smallest, and selecting the value ranked first as the temperature rise rate threshold; if not, using the average temperature rise rate as the temperature rise rate threshold.

5. The trailer power supply topology reconfiguration method based on thermal management guidance according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of generating a power topology reconfiguration instruction based on the real-time power demand from the tractor and the battery cell status list includes: obtaining the drive power demand periodically sent by the tractor controller via a communication link as the real-time power demand; selecting standby battery cells from the battery cell status list whose difference between the current temperature and the safety threshold is less than a preset margin threshold, and combining them with the available battery cells to obtain a candidate battery cell set; obtaining the voltage and charge status of each battery cell in the candidate battery cell set, calculating multiple parallel switching combinations that can meet the real-time power demand, and obtaining a candidate combination set; calculating the equivalent internal resistance and load balance score of each parallel switching combination in the candidate combination set; selecting the final parallel switching combination based on the equivalent internal resistance and load balance score of each parallel switching combination; and generating a first reconfiguration instruction based on the final parallel switching combination.

6. The trailer power supply topology reconfiguration method based on thermal management guidance according to claim 5, characterized in that, The generation of power supply topology reconfiguration instructions further includes: when there is no parallel switching combination that meets the real-time power demand, acquiring the real-time power generation data and health status parameters of the range extender unit, performing a status assessment, and generating a range extender unit state vector; performing a power supply capacity fusion analysis of the range extender unit state vector and the candidate battery unit set to obtain a set of extended switching combinations that can meet the real-time power demand; selecting the final optimized parallel switching combination based on the equivalent internal resistance, load balance score, and range extender unit energy efficiency score of each extended switching combination in the extended combination set; calculating the equivalent internal resistance, load balance score, and range extender unit energy efficiency score of each extended switching combination in the extended combination set; selecting the final extended switching combination based on the equivalent internal resistance, load balance score, and range extender unit energy efficiency score of each extended switching combination; generating a second reconfiguration instruction based on the final extended switching combination; wherein, the power supply topology reconfiguration instruction includes the first reconfiguration instruction and the second reconfiguration instruction, and the power supply topology reconfiguration instruction explicitly stipulates that the high-voltage cable corresponding to the risky battery unit should be in a physically isolated disconnected state.

7. The trailer power supply topology reconfiguration method based on thermal management guidance according to claim 6, characterized in that, The physically reconstructed power supply topology includes: parsing the power supply topology reconstruction instructions to obtain a set of target access state instructions corresponding to each battery unit and range extender unit, wherein the set of target access state instructions includes at least access instructions and isolation instructions; determining the target on / off state sequence of switching devices on the high-voltage cable path corresponding to each battery unit and range extender unit based on the set of target access state instructions; sending corresponding control signals to each switching device according to the target on / off state sequence to switch the on / off state, thereby changing the electrical connection relationship between the corresponding battery unit or range extender unit and the tractor motor power supply network; collecting and verifying the actual on / off state of all switching devices after switching, generating connectivity status feedback information; and confirming the final access or isolation state of each battery unit and range extender unit based on the connectivity status feedback information, thus forming a physically reconstructed power supply topology.

8. The trailer power supply topology reconfiguration method based on thermal management guidance according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of generating thermal management collaborative control instructions based on the reconstructed power supply topology and sending them to the thermal management integration module includes: identifying the set of battery units currently connected to the tractor motor power supply network based on the reconstructed power supply topology, and generating a list of effective power supply units; obtaining the real-time temperature data and operating current data of each battery unit in the list of effective power supply units after reconstruction, and combining them with the thermal management parameters of the thermal management integration module to perform dynamic thermal load assessment and generate a thermal load distribution map; calculating the control parameters of the electric heater, water cooling system, and air cooling system in the thermal management integration module based on the thermal load distribution map and the preset thermal management target strategy, and generating thermal management collaborative control instructions containing specific execution actions and parameter setting values; and sending the thermal management collaborative control instructions to the thermal management integration module through a low-voltage wiring harness to drive the execution of corresponding heating or cooling operations.

9. The trailer power supply topology reconfiguration method based on thermal management guidance according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: acquiring the reconstructed power supply topology, identifying battery cells not currently connected to the tractor motor power supply network, and generating a list of battery cells to be charged; acquiring real-time temperature data and real-time power status data of each battery cell in the list of battery cells to be charged, and calculating the charging demand score of each battery cell in conjunction with the battery cell status list; sorting the battery cells based on their charging demand scores to generate a charging priority sequence; acquiring real-time power generation data and health status parameters of the range extender unit, performing a status assessment, and generating a range extender unit availability vector; matching battery cells that can be charged based on the charging priority sequence and the range extender unit availability vector, and generating a range extender charging control command; and executing the range extender charging control command to control the range extender unit to charge the matched battery cells via switching devices on the corresponding high-voltage cable path.

10. A trailer power supply topology reconfiguration system based on thermal management guidance, characterized in that, The system includes: a data acquisition module, used to acquire real-time temperature data, operating current data, and thermal management parameters of each battery cell on the bidirectional power supply chassis, as well as the associated thermal management integrated module, perform preprocessing, and generate a chassis thermal state feature vector; a battery evaluation module, used to periodically evaluate the thermal safety risk and power supply availability of each battery cell based on the chassis thermal state feature vector, and generate a battery cell status list, which at least identifies risky battery cells and available battery cells; an instruction generation module, used to generate a power supply topology reconfiguration instruction based on the real-time power demand from the tractor and the battery cell status list; a topology reconfiguration module, used to execute the power supply topology reconfiguration instruction, control the switching devices set on the high-voltage cable path, change the access or isolation state of each battery cell, and obtain a physically reconfigured power supply topology; and a collaborative processing module, used to generate thermal management collaborative control instructions based on the reconfigured power supply topology and send them to the thermal management integrated module.

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