Photoelectric pod for unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photoelectric pods for unmanned aerial vehicles, in particular to a photoelectric pod for an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises a three-axis movement mechanism, a photoelectric main body and a protection mechanism. The protection mechanism comprises a shell, a heat conduction buffering assembly and a temperature adjusting assembly, the shell is connected with the three-axis movement mechanism, the heat conduction buffering assembly is arranged in the shell, the photoelectric body is arranged in the heat conduction buffering assembly, the temperature adjusting assembly is arranged on the shell and connected with the heat conduction buffering assembly, and the temperature adjusting assembly is arranged on the shell and connected with the heat conduction buffering assembly. And the temperature adjusting assembly can adjust the temperature of the photoelectric main body through the heat conduction buffer assembly. The photoelectric pod for the unmanned aerial vehicle has the effect of improving the environmental adaptability of the photoelectric pod for the unmanned aerial vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of optoelectronic pods for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and more particularly to an optoelectronic pod for UAVs. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, optoelectronic pod technology is widely used in military reconnaissance, environmental monitoring, and geographic mapping. By integrating optical sensors with precision mechanical structures, this technology achieves high-precision day and night imaging and target tracking, providing strong support for mission execution in complex environments. With the advancement of UAV technology, the demand for lightweight, high reliability, and multifunctionality in UAV optoelectronic pods is increasing, prompting continuous innovation in related technologies.

[0003] In related technologies, various design and optimization methods are typically employed to meet the functional requirements of UAV optoelectronic devices. A common approach is to utilize a three-axis stabilized platform, combining mechanical structures with azimuth, pitch, and roll degrees of freedom to ensure line-of-sight stability and meet multi-angle observation needs. Furthermore, to improve device performance, vibration reduction measures are usually employed to isolate vibration interference during flight, while a high-precision motor drive system is used for precise control. In terms of optical design, multiple sensors are typically integrated into the same optical housing to ensure a compact overall layout and reduce weight.

[0004] Regarding the aforementioned technologies: In complex environments, especially low or high temperature environments, UAV optoelectronic pods may experience problems such as deterioration of optical material performance and difficulty in starting electronic components, thus adversely affecting the normal operation and lifespan of the equipment. Therefore, there is a problem of insufficient environmental adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To improve the environmental adaptability of electro-optical pods for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), this application provides an electro-optical pod for UAVs.

[0006] This application provides an optoelectronic pod for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which adopts the following technical solution: An electro-optical pod for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) includes: Three-axis motion mechanism; Photoelectric subject; The protective mechanism includes a housing, a thermally conductive buffer assembly, and a temperature regulating assembly. The housing is connected to the triaxial motion mechanism. The thermally conductive buffer assembly is disposed within the housing. The photoelectric subject is disposed within the thermally conductive buffer assembly. The temperature regulating assembly is disposed on the housing and connected to the thermally conductive buffer assembly. The temperature regulating assembly can exchange heat with the thermally conductive buffer assembly to regulate the temperature of the photoelectric subject.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the three-axis motion mechanism can drive the photoelectric main body to achieve multi-dimensional movement through the protection mechanism, thereby expanding the monitoring range of the photoelectric main body. The heat-conducting buffer component is set inside the shell, and the photoelectric main body is set inside the heat-conducting buffer component. The heat-conducting buffer component can not only serve as a buffer connection between the photoelectric main body and the shell, absorbing and isolating vibration, but also serve as an efficient heat conduction path. Together with the temperature regulation component, it can realize the temperature regulation of the photoelectric main body, thereby achieving synergistic effect of vibration reduction and temperature control functions. This helps to ensure that the photoelectric main body works in a suitable environment and improves the environmental adaptability of the photoelectric pod for UAVs.

[0008] Optionally, the thermally conductive buffer assembly includes a magnetorheological elastomer and an electromagnetic drive unit. The electromagnetic drive unit is disposed within the housing and is used to generate a variable magnetic field. The magnetorheological elastomer is disposed within the housing and covers the photoelectric main body. The magnetorheological elastomer has variable stiffness characteristics and thermal conductivity characteristics under magnetic field response.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the electromagnetic drive unit, located inside the housing, can generate a variable magnetic field. The magnetorheological elastomer has variable stiffness characteristics under magnetic field response. Thus, when the variable magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic drive unit acts on the magnetorheological elastomer covering the optoelectronic body, the stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer will change with the change of the magnetic field, thereby actively canceling vibration and realizing vibration isolation protection for the optoelectronic body. At the same time, the magnetorheological elastomer has thermal conductivity, which can conduct away the heat generated by the optoelectronic body. With the help of the temperature regulation component, the temperature of the optoelectronic body can be regulated.

[0010] Optionally, the magnetorheological elastomer includes an elastic matrix, magnetic sensitive particles, and thermally conductive filler. The elastic matrix is ​​disposed within the housing and covers the photoelectric body. The magnetic sensitive particles and the thermally conductive filler are uniformly dispersed within the elastic matrix.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the elastic matrix encapsulates the optoelectronic body, providing a certain degree of buffering protection. Magnetic sensitive particles are uniformly dispersed within the elastic matrix. Under the action of the variable magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic drive unit, the magnetic sensitive particles respond to changes in the magnetic field, thus giving the magnetorheological elastomer variable stiffness characteristics under magnetic field response. The stiffness can be dynamically adjusted according to actual conditions to achieve active vibration isolation or rigid locking functions. Thermally conductive fillers are uniformly dispersed within the elastic matrix, forming a thermally conductive network within the matrix. This gives the magnetorheological elastomer thermal conductivity, allowing the heat generated by the optoelectronic body to be conducted away through the magnetorheological elastomer. Combined with the temperature regulation component, this enables temperature regulation of the optoelectronic body.

[0012] Optionally, the elastic matrix is ​​silicone rubber, the magnetic sensitive particles are carbonyl iron powder, and the thermally conductive filler is electrically insulating ceramic particles.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solutions, silicone rubber has good elasticity and weather resistance; carbonyl iron powder has excellent magnetization properties and small particle size, which makes it easy to disperse in the matrix; and electrically insulating ceramic particles provide high thermal conductivity while avoiding the risk of short circuits in the internal precision circuits of the optoelectronic body that may be caused by electrical conductivity, thus improving the safety of the system.

[0014] Optionally, the electromagnetic drive unit includes an electromagnetic coil and a current driver. The electromagnetic coil is embedded in the housing and disposed close to the magnetorheological elastomer. The current driver is disposed in the housing and electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil. The current driver is used to adjust the current applied to the electromagnetic coil.

[0015] By employing the above technical solution, the electromagnetic coil is embedded within the housing, effectively applying a magnetic field to the magnetorheological elastomer while also providing protection and heat dissipation from the housing. Furthermore, the magnetic field strength can be easily controlled by precisely adjusting the coil current through a current driver, thereby accurately regulating the stiffness and damping of the magnetorheological elastomer.

[0016] Optionally, the temperature regulating component includes a thermoelectric cooling unit, which is embedded in the housing and in contact with the magnetorheological elastomer.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the thermoelectric cooling unit is embedded in the shell and in contact with the magnetorheological elastomer, which encapsulates the photoelectric subject and has thermal conductivity. When the photoelectric subject generates heat, the heat is conducted out through the magnetorheological elastomer. The thermoelectric cooling unit can absorb the heat transferred from the magnetorheological elastomer in a timely manner and pump it out from the outer shell, thereby cooling the photoelectric subject. In low-temperature environments, the thermoelectric cooling unit reverses the current direction, absorbs heat from the outside to heat the outer shell, and the heat is conducted to the photoelectric subject through the magnetorheological elastomer, keeping the photoelectric subject warm and achieving temperature regulation of the photoelectric subject, ensuring that the photoelectric subject operates in a suitable temperature environment.

[0018] Optionally, the temperature regulating component includes a heat sink, which is disposed on the housing and connected to the thermoelectric cooling unit.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the heat sink configuration increases the contact area between the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling unit and the outside air, enhancing the heat exchange effect. It can more efficiently dissipate the heat transferred from the inside or absorbed from the outside into the environment, thereby improving the efficiency and power of the entire temperature regulation system.

[0020] Optionally, a control mechanism is included, comprising a controller, an inertial measurement unit, and a temperature measurement unit. The controller and the temperature measurement unit are respectively disposed on the housing, and the inertial measurement unit is embedded in the photoelectric body. The controller is electrically connected to the temperature measurement unit, the inertial measurement unit, the temperature adjustment component, and the electromagnetic drive unit.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the inertial measurement unit is embedded in the photoelectric main body, which can accurately measure the actual vibration attitude of the photoelectric main body and transmit the vibration data to the controller. The temperature measurement unit is set on the shell, which can measure the ambient / shell temperature data and transmit it to the controller. After receiving the vibration data from the inertial measurement unit, the controller can run active control algorithms such as "Sky Hook" to adjust the current output by the electromagnetic drive unit to the electromagnetic coil in real time. The changing magnetic field causes the stiffness and damping of the magnetorheological elastic body to change dynamically in milliseconds, actively canceling the vibration. After receiving the temperature data from the temperature measurement unit, the controller can control the temperature regulation component to work, realizing adaptive, active, and precise control of vibration and temperature, so that the pod is in the optimal working state. In addition, the unified controller for coordinated management of vibration and temperature not only simplifies the system architecture and reduces power consumption and weight, but also enables more complex control strategies. For example, it can prioritize vibration isolation performance during violent maneuvers (high vibration) and prioritize temperature control accuracy during static hovering, further improving the overall performance and intelligence level of the pod.

[0022] Optionally, the optoelectronic body includes an optical bench, a radar antenna, a detection camera, and a control module. The optical bench is disposed within the heat-conducting buffer assembly, and the radar antenna, the detection camera, and the control module are respectively disposed within the optical bench. The radar antenna and the detection camera are electrically connected to the control module.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the optical bench provides installation space and support structure for the radar antenna, detection camera, and control module, integrating them for convenient unified management and use. The radar antenna and detection camera are electrically connected to the control module, enabling the control module to receive data from both, achieving target detection and monitoring functions. Simultaneously, the control module can also control and adjust the radar antenna and detection camera, improving the overall efficiency and performance of the optoelectronic unit. Furthermore, the optical bench is housed within a heat-conducting buffer assembly, which dissipates heat generated by the optoelectronic unit, while also buffering external vibrations and impacts, protecting the internal components and ensuring the stable operation of the radar antenna, detection camera, and control module.

[0024] Optionally, the surface of the optical bench is provided with multiple grooves, and the thermally conductive buffer assembly is adapted to the grooves and embedded in the grooves.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple grooves are opened on the surface of the optical bench, and the heat-conducting buffer component is adapted to the grooves and embedded therein, which increases the contact area between the heat-conducting buffer component and the optical bench, so that the heat generated by the photoelectric body can be conducted away more efficiently through the heat-conducting buffer component, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency; at the same time, this embedding method also enhances the support and buffering effect of the heat-conducting buffer component on the optical bench, which can better protect the photoelectric body and reduce the impact caused by factors such as vibration.

[0026] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. Through the cooperation of the shell, thermally conductive buffer components and temperature regulation components, the synergistic effect of vibration reduction and temperature control is achieved, which helps to ensure that the optoelectronic body works in a suitable environment and improves the environmental adaptability of the optoelectronic pod for UAVs; 2. The electromagnetic drive unit generates a variable magnetic field, which causes the stiffness and damping of the magnetorheological elastic body to change dynamically in milliseconds, actively canceling vibration. This solves the problem that traditional buffering methods cannot adjust the buffering performance in real time and improves the accuracy of data acquisition. 3. The cooperation between the thermoelectric cooling unit and the thermally conductive buffer component allows the photoelectric body to exchange heat with the thermoelectric cooling unit through the thermally conductive buffer component, thereby facilitating the temperature regulation of the photoelectric body and ensuring that the photoelectric body operates in a suitable temperature environment. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an optoelectronic pod for a drone in an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a front view of an electro-optical pod for a drone according to an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 3 It is along Figure 2 A cross-sectional view along line AA in the middle.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a side view of an optoelectronic pod for a drone according to an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 5 It is along Figure 4 A cross-sectional view along the BB line.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Three-axis motion mechanism; 11. Shock absorber assembly; 12. Azimuth axis assembly; 13. Roll axis assembly; 14. Pitch axis assembly; 15. First support frame; 16. Second support frame; 2. Photoelectric main body; 21. Optical bench; 211. Groove; 22. Radar antenna; 23. Detection camera; 24. Control module; 3. Protection mechanism; 31. Housing; 32. Thermally conductive buffer assembly; 321. Magnetorheological elastomer; 322. Electromagnetic drive unit; 3221. Electromagnetic coil; 3222. Current driver; 33. Temperature regulation assembly; 331. Thermoelectric cooling unit; 332. Heat sink; 4. Control mechanism; 41. Controller; 42. Inertial measurement unit; 43. Temperature measurement unit. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-5 This application will be described in further detail.

[0034] This application discloses an optoelectronic pod for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0035] It should be noted that, in the description of this invention, the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 An optoelectronic pod for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) includes a three-axis motion mechanism 1, an optoelectronic body 2, and a protection mechanism 3. The protection mechanism 3 is connected to the three-axis motion mechanism 1, and the optoelectronic body 2 is housed inside the protection mechanism 3. This allows the protection mechanism 3 to provide stable protection for the optoelectronic body 2, preventing external impacts, vibrations, and adverse weather conditions from affecting the optoelectronic body 2, thereby improving the environmental adaptability of the UAV optoelectronic pod.

[0037] The three-axis motion mechanism 1 includes a damping plate assembly 11, an azimuth axis assembly 12, a roll axis assembly 13, and a pitch axis assembly 14. The damping plate assembly 11 is connected to the azimuth axis assembly 12, and the damping plate assembly 11 is used to connect to the UAV, thereby facilitating the installation of the UAV on the UAV using an optoelectronic pod.

[0038] A first support frame 15 is connected to the azimuth axis assembly 12. The end of the first support frame 15 away from the azimuth axis assembly 12 is connected to the roll axis assembly 13. A second support frame 16 is connected to the roll axis assembly 13. The second support frame 16 is connected to the pitch axis assembly 14. The pitch axis assembly 14 is connected to the protection mechanism 3.

[0039] In this embodiment, the azimuth axis assembly 12, roll axis assembly 13, and pitch axis assembly 14 are all driven by motors, which facilitates flexible adjustment of the position and attitude of the protection mechanism 3. Furthermore, through the cooperation of the damping plate assembly 11, azimuth axis assembly 12, roll axis assembly 13, and pitch axis assembly 14, multi-dimensional motion control and vibration suppression can be achieved, thereby ensuring the stability, accurate positioning, and anti-interference capability of the UAV's optoelectronic pod in dynamic environments.

[0040] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 The optoelectronic main body 2 includes an optical bench 21, a radar antenna 22, a detection camera 23, and a control module 24. The optical bench 21 is made of lightweight aluminum alloy and its surface is anodized to improve corrosion resistance. Multiple grooves 211 are formed on the surface of the optical bench 21.

[0041] The detection camera 23 and the control module 24 are respectively installed in the optical bench 21, and the detection camera 23 and the control module 24 are electrically connected. In this embodiment, the detection camera 23 is a visible light camera with a focusing function, which can adjust the focal length as needed to meet the requirements of different scenarios.

[0042] The control module 24 includes a microprocessor, memory, communication interface and power supply. It is responsible for the control and data processing of the entire UAV optoelectronic pod and provides power to the radar antenna 22 and the detection camera 23.

[0043] There are three radar antennas 22, which are mounted in a triangular shape on the optical bench 21 and electrically connected to the control module 24 respectively. The three radar antennas 22 are arranged around the detection camera 23. This layout can achieve all-round coverage and improve the accuracy and reliability of target detection.

[0044] The electro-optical pod for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in this embodiment has a manual tracking mode, an automatic tracking mode, and a service mode.

[0045] In manual tracking mode, operators can control the UAV's electro-optical pod's azimuth and pitch movements via a joystick for observation, searching, aiming, and target acquisition. Service mode is primarily used for system alignment, target calibration, system parameter settings, system self-testing, and maintenance.

[0046] Once a target is detected, the operator can switch the UAV's electro-optical pod to automatic tracking mode via command. The UAV's electro-optical pod determines the target's position on the image and controls the three-axis motion mechanism 1 to adjust the position of the detection camera 23, ensuring the target remains centered in the field of view. Furthermore, in automatic tracking mode, the operator can perform fine-tuning operations via a joystick to adjust the tracking position.

[0047] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The protective mechanism 3 includes a housing 31, a thermally conductive buffer assembly 32, and a temperature regulating assembly 33. The housing 31 is connected to the pitch axis assembly 14 by bolts, and a sealing ring is provided at the connection to prevent dust and moisture from entering. In this embodiment, the housing 31 is made of a lightweight metal with high thermal conductivity (such as 7075 aerospace aluminum alloy) or carbon fiber composite material.

[0048] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 5 A thermally conductive buffer assembly 32 is disposed within the housing 31. The thermally conductive buffer assembly 32 includes a magnetorheological elastomer 321 and an electromagnetic drive unit 322. The magnetorheological elastomer 321 fills the space between the inner wall of the housing 31 and the outer surface of the optical bench 21, and the magnetorheological elastomer 321 is adapted to and embedded in the groove 211 to completely cover the optical bench 21, thereby helping to improve heat conduction efficiency and buffering effect.

[0049] The magnetorheological elastomer 321 comprises an elastic matrix, magnetically sensitive particles, and a thermally conductive filler. The elastic matrix is ​​disposed within a shell 31 and covers the optical bench 21. In this embodiment, the elastic matrix is ​​made of special silicone rubber, providing basic elasticity and deformation capability. The magnetically sensitive particles are micron-sized carbonyl iron powder, uniformly dispersed within the elastic matrix. Under an applied magnetic field, the magnetically sensitive particles within the elastic matrix align in a chain-like structure along the magnetic field lines, resulting in a significant increase in the material's macroscopic stiffness and damping coefficient. The thermally conductive filler is made of micron-sized, electrically insulating ceramic particles (e.g., hexagonal boron nitride or alumina particles), forming a three-dimensional thermally conductive network within the matrix, giving the magnetorheological elastomer 321 excellent thermal conductivity similar to that of a metal.

[0050] The electromagnetic drive unit 322 includes an electromagnetic coil 3221 and a current driver 3222. Multiple electromagnetic coils 3221 may be provided, and the multiple electromagnetic coils 3221 are embedded or fixed in a ring array on the inner wall of the housing 31 and close to the magnetorheological elastomer 321.

[0051] The current driver 3222 is disposed inside the housing 31 and electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil 3221. In this embodiment, the current driver 3222 can be a PWM current driver to precisely control the magnitude and direction of the current applied to the electromagnetic coil 3221, thereby changing the strength and direction of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 3221. This facilitates the control of the electromagnetic coil 3221 to generate a variable magnetic field. The variable magnetic field acts on the magnetorheological elastomer 321, causing the stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer 321 to change, thereby achieving buffer protection for the photoelectric body 2.

[0052] The temperature regulation component 33 includes a thermoelectric cooling unit 331 and a heat sink 332. The thermoelectric cooling unit 331 is embedded in the housing 31, and the heat sink 332 is mounted on the outer wall of the housing 31. In this embodiment, the thermoelectric cooling unit 331 is a thin sheet, composed of multiple P-type and N-type semiconductor thermocouple arms (e.g., bismuth telluride material) connected in series, and sandwiched between two electrically insulating and thermally conductive ceramic substrates (e.g., alumina ceramic). When direct current passes through, one ceramic substrate absorbs heat and becomes the cold end, while the other ceramic substrate releases heat and becomes the hot end.

[0053] The "cold end" of the thermoelectric cooling unit 331 is tightly bonded to the magnetorheological elastomer 321 through high thermal conductivity silicone grease, and the "hot end" of the thermoelectric cooling unit 331 is bonded to the heat sink 332, thereby facilitating the dissipation of heat generated by the thermoelectric cooling unit 331 using the heat sink 332, and further improving the efficiency of temperature regulation.

[0054] When the photoelectric body 2 generates heat, the heat is conducted to the thermoelectric cooling unit 331 through the magnetorheological elastomer 321. The thermoelectric cooling unit 331 absorbs the heat and dissipates it through the heat sink 332. In a low-temperature environment, the thermoelectric cooling unit 331 can reverse the current direction to absorb heat from the outside to keep the photoelectric body 2 warm, thereby realizing the switching between cooling and heating.

[0055] An optoelectronic pod for a drone also includes a control mechanism 4, which includes a controller 41, an inertial measurement unit 42, and a temperature measurement unit 43. The inertial measurement unit 42 is embedded in the optical bench 21 of the optoelectronic body 2 and is used to accurately measure the real-time three-axis angular velocity and acceleration of the optoelectronic body 2, as well as its vibration attitude.

[0056] In this embodiment, the temperature measuring unit 43 employs a temperature sensor, and one temperature measuring unit 43 is provided. The temperature measuring unit 43 is installed on the inner wall of the housing 31 to sense the temperature of the environment or the housing 31. In other embodiments, multiple temperature measuring units 43 may be provided, and the multiple temperature measuring units 43 are divided into three groups. The three groups of temperature measuring units 43 are respectively installed on the inner wall of the housing 31, inside the optical bench 21, and inside the magnetorheological elastomer 321 to monitor the temperature at different locations.

[0057] The controller 41 is installed inside the housing 31 and is electrically connected to the temperature measurement unit 43, the inertial measurement unit 42, the current driver 3222, and the thermoelectric cooling unit 331, respectively, so that the controller 41 can receive the monitoring data from the temperature measurement unit 43 and the inertial measurement unit 42, and control the current driver 3222 and the thermoelectric cooling unit 331 to work based on the data fed back by the inertial measurement unit 42 and the temperature measurement unit 43, forming a complete closed-loop control system.

[0058] The implementation principle of the photoelectric pod for a UAV in this embodiment is as follows: During flight, when the vibration of the UAV body is transmitted to the pod, the inertial measurement unit 42 installed on the photoelectric body 2 will detect the minute vibration attitude data of the photoelectric body 2 in real time and send it to the controller 41. The controller 41 runs an active control algorithm (such as the "Skyhook" control algorithm, which is a semi-active control strategy based on absolute velocity feedback. Its basic idea is to set a virtual damper in the inertial space and simulate the damping force generated by the damper in real time by controlling the actuator to achieve the optimal vibration isolation effect). Based on the vibration data and the preset control target, the controller 41 calculates the magnetic field strength to be applied in real time. Subsequently, the controller 41 instructs the current driver 3222 to output a current of the corresponding magnitude to the electromagnetic coil 3221. The electromagnetic coil 3221 generates a precise magnetic field that penetrates the magnetorheological elastomer 321. The stiffness and damping of the magnetorheological elastomer 321 change dynamically in milliseconds, generating a control force opposite to the vibration direction, thereby actively canceling and suppressing the vibration and ensuring the stability of the photoelectric body 2.

[0059] In scenarios requiring high-precision aiming or static calibration, the controller 41 can instruct the current driver 3222 to output the maximum current, causing the electromagnetic coil 3221 to generate the strongest magnetic field. Under this strong magnetic field, the magnetorheological elastomer 321 instantly "solidifies," reaching its maximum stiffness, firmly locking the photoelectric subject 2 and the housing 31 together, achieving a near-rigid connection and minimizing minute displacements. This process is purely electrically controlled, with a rapid response (less than 10 milliseconds) and no mechanical wear or delay.

[0060] When the detection camera 23 and other components inside the photoelectric body 2 generate heat, the heat is transferred to the housing 31 through the magnetorheological elastomer 321 and detected by the temperature measurement unit 43. When the temperature measurement unit 43 detects that the temperature exceeds the preset threshold, the controller 41 activates the cooling function of the thermoelectric cooling unit 331, so that the thermoelectric cooling unit 331 "pumps" this heat from the cold end to the hot end, and then dissipates it into the surrounding air through the housing 31 and the heat sink 332, thereby achieving active and rapid cooling of the photoelectric body 2.

[0061] When the UAV operates in an extremely low temperature environment, and the temperature measurement unit 43 detects that the core temperature is too low, the controller 41 reverses the direction of the current applied to the thermoelectric cooling unit 331. At this time, the thermoelectric cooling unit 331 absorbs heat from the relatively cold external environment and heats the magnetorheological elastomer 321 through its original cold end (now the hot end). The heat is then conducted to the optical bench 21 through the magnetorheological elastomer 321, providing precise temperature control for the entire optoelectronic body 2 and ensuring its normal start-up and operation at low temperatures.

[0062] This application integrates active and adaptive vibration reduction and active and bidirectional temperature control functions into a compact structure through an integrated thermally conductive buffer component 32. This solves the pain points of functional separation, complex structure and limited performance in the prior art, and significantly improves the imaging stability, environmental adaptability and overall reliability of the UAV optoelectronic pod.

[0063] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An optoelectronic pod for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), characterized in that, include: Three-axis motion mechanism (1); Photoelectric main body (2); The protection mechanism (3) includes a housing (31), a heat-conducting buffer assembly (32), and a temperature regulating assembly (33). The housing (31) is connected to the three-axis motion mechanism (1). The heat-conducting buffer assembly (32) is disposed inside the housing (31). The photoelectric body (2) is disposed inside the heat-conducting buffer assembly (32). The temperature regulating assembly (33) is disposed on the housing (31) and connected to the heat-conducting buffer assembly (32). The temperature regulating assembly (33) can exchange heat with the heat-conducting buffer assembly (32) to regulate the temperature of the photoelectric body (2).

2. The electro-optical pod for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermally conductive buffer assembly (32) includes a magnetorheological elastomer (321) and an electromagnetic drive unit (322). The electromagnetic drive unit (322) is disposed inside the housing (31) and is used to generate a variable magnetic field. The magnetorheological elastomer (321) is disposed inside the housing (31) and covers the photoelectric body (2). The magnetorheological elastomer (321) has variable stiffness characteristics and thermal conductivity characteristics under magnetic field response.

3. The electro-optical pod for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The magnetorheological elastomer (321) includes an elastic matrix, magnetic sensitive particles and thermally conductive filler. The elastic matrix is ​​disposed in the shell (31) and covers the photoelectric body (2). The magnetic sensitive particles and the thermally conductive filler are uniformly dispersed in the elastic matrix.

4. The electro-optical pod for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that: The elastic matrix is ​​silicone rubber, the magnetic sensitive particles are carbonyl iron powder, and the thermally conductive filler is electrically insulating ceramic particles.

5. The electro-optical pod for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electromagnetic drive unit (322) includes an electromagnetic coil (3221) and a current driver (3222). The electromagnetic coil (3221) is embedded in the housing (31) and located close to the magnetorheological elastomer (321). The current driver (3222) is located in the housing (31) and electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil (3221). The current driver (3222) is used to adjust the current applied to the electromagnetic coil (3221).

6. The electro-optical pod for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature regulating component (33) includes a thermoelectric cooling unit (331), which is embedded in the housing (31) and in contact with the magnetorheological elastomer (321).

7. The electro-optical pod for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: The temperature regulating component (33) includes a heat sink (332), which is disposed on the housing (31) and connected to the thermoelectric cooling unit (331).

8. The electro-optical pod for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The system includes a control mechanism (4), which includes a controller (41), an inertial measurement unit (42), and a temperature measurement unit (43). The controller (41) and the temperature measurement unit (43) are respectively disposed on the housing (31), and the inertial measurement unit (42) is embedded in the photoelectric body (2). The controller (41) is electrically connected to the temperature measurement unit (43), the inertial measurement unit (42), the temperature adjustment component (33), and the electromagnetic drive unit (322).

9. The electro-optical pod for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optoelectronic body (2) includes an optical bench (21), a radar antenna (22), a detection camera (23), and a control module (24). The optical bench (21) is disposed in the heat-conducting buffer assembly (32). The radar antenna (22), the detection camera (23), and the control module (24) are respectively disposed in the optical bench (21). The radar antenna (22) and the detection camera (23) are electrically connected to the control module (24).

10. The electro-optical pod for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 9, characterized in that: The surface of the optical bench (21) is provided with a plurality of grooves (211), and the heat-conducting buffer assembly (32) is adapted to the grooves (211) and embedded in the grooves (211).

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