Photovoltaic glass, preparation method of photovoltaic glass, photovoltaic module and application of photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention discloses photovoltaic glass, a preparation method of the photovoltaic glass, a photovoltaic module and application of the photovoltaic module, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic glass. The photovoltaic glass comprises former oxides SiO2 and B2O3, intermediate oxides Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2 and ZnO, and external grid oxides Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, Sb2O3 and SO3, the former oxides play a role in improving the grid structure of the glass and enhancing the mechanical properties of the glass, and the intermediate oxides can repair a glass network and improve the physical and chemical properties of the glass. The network outer body can reduce ion precipitation on the basis of improving the glass performance so as to improve the weather resistance of the glass. The weather resistance and the structural stability of the photovoltaic glass can be comprehensively improved, free ion precipitation is reduced, the glass crystallization and fogging tendency is inhibited, meanwhile, the mechanical performance is improved, the high light transmittance is maintained, and the photovoltaic glass is suitable for the offshore environment, applied to photovoltaic modules and beneficial to popularization of the offshore photovoltaic power generation technology.

Description

A photovoltaic glass and its preparation method, a photovoltaic module and its application Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic glass technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic glass and its preparation method, a photovoltaic module and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, floating photovoltaic systems have been proven effective in various scenarios such as lakes and reservoirs, demonstrating high reliability. Offshore photovoltaic power generation technology is continuously making breakthroughs, and its commercial prospects are broad.

[0003] However, the application of offshore photovoltaic modules faces many challenges. The marine environment is complex and contains many risk factors, including salt spray, corrosion, typhoons, sea ice, waves, humidity, and bird droppings.

[0004] As the encapsulation material for photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic glass is used in marine photovoltaic applications, which are located in the marine atmosphere and splash zone. Marine photovoltaic glass needs to meet the requirements for use in marine photovoltaic systems, as it must resist seawater salt spray corrosion, erosion, high UV resistance, foreign object accumulation, and hot spots. However, existing ordinary photovoltaic glass lacks strong resistance to neutral salt spray, UV aging, damp heat, washing, and acid, making it difficult to apply in marine environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a photovoltaic glass and its preparation method, a photovoltaic module and its application, to solve the technical problem that ordinary photovoltaic glass is difficult to achieve good transmittance, weather resistance and mechanical properties, and is therefore difficult to apply to marine environments.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a photovoltaic glass, wherein the photovoltaic glass comprises a forming oxide, an intermediate oxide, and an outer oxide; the forming oxide comprises SiO2 and B2O3, the intermediate oxide comprises Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2, and ZnO, and the outer oxide comprises Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, Sb2O3, and SO3.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present invention, the photovoltaic glass comprises the following components by molar percentage: SiO2: 70%~73%, B2O3: 1%~5%, Al2O3: 1%~3%, ZrO2: 0.5%~2%, TiO2: 0.2%~1%, ZnO: 0.2%~1%, Fe2O3: 0~0.012%, CaO: 7.5%~9%, MgO: 2.5%~4%, Na2O: 11%~14%, K2O: 0.01%~3%, Sb2O3: 0.01%~0.3%, SO3: 0.1%~0.5%.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the photovoltaic glass comprises the following components by molar percentage: SiO2: 71±1%, B2O3: 3±0.5%, Al2O3: 1±0.5%, ZrO2: 1±0.5%, TiO2: 0.5±0.2%, ZnO: 0.5±0.2%, Fe2O3: 0.012%, CaO: 8.5±0.5%, MgO: 3.5±0.5%, Na2O: 11±0.5%, K2O: 1±0.5%, Sb2O3: 0.1±0.05%, SO3: 0.25±0.05%.

[0009] 4. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the visible light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass in the range of 380nm to 780nm is above 91.55%; and / or, the direct sunlight transmittance of the photovoltaic glass in the range of 380nm to 1100nm is above 91.29%; and / or, the water loss of the photovoltaic glass in a water resistance test at 98℃ for 60min is 301.1ug / g to 311.1ug / g; and / or, the acid loss of the photovoltaic glass in an acid resistance test at 60℃, 5% hydrochloric acid for 3h is 399.6ug / g to 402.8ug / g; and / or, the alkali resistance of the photovoltaic glass in an alkali resistance test at 60℃, 5% NaOH for 3h is 678.5ug / g to 704.2ug / g.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for preparing photovoltaic glass as described above, comprising the following steps: weighing glass raw materials according to the composition of the photovoltaic glass, and melting, clarifying, shaping and annealing the glass raw materials to obtain photovoltaic glass.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the melting step, the melting temperature is 1301℃~1589℃; and / or, in the clarifying step, the clarifying temperature is 1427℃~1519℃; and / or, during the melting and clarifying process, the liquidus temperature is 1044℃; and / or, in the forming step, the forming temperature is 738℃~1199℃, the crystallization temperature is 849℃~1044℃, and the softening point temperature of the glass is 750℃; and / or, in the annealing step, the annealing temperature is 567℃; and / or, in the melting step, the hot spot temperature is 1550±2℃, the arch temperature is 1530±2℃, the bottom temperature is 1020±3℃, the transverse passage temperature is 1210±5℃, the overflow temperature is 1070±5℃, and the transition stage temperature is 630±10℃.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the melting and clarifying steps include nine small furnaces, each with an arch temperature of 1320±2℃, 1280±2℃, 1530±2℃, 1515±2℃, 1510±2℃, 1450±2℃, 1430±2℃, 1425±2℃, and 1360±2℃, respectively; and / or, the melting step includes nine small furnaces, each with a heat load of 10.5±0.2%, 11.7±0.2%, 12.3±0.2%, 12.1±0.2%, 7.8±0.2%, and 9, respectively. The oxygen content of the small furnaces was 2.4±0.2%, 14.6±0.2%, 14.3±0.2%, 7.4±0.2%, 14.6±0.2%, 14.3±0.2%, 7.4±0.2%, 14.6±0.2%, 14.3±0.2%, 7.4±0.2%, 14.6±0.2%, 14.3±0.2%, 7.4±0.2%, 14.6±0.2%, 14.3±0.2%, 7.4±0.2%, 14.3±0.2%, 14.4±0.2%, 14.6±0.2%, 14.3±0.2%, 14 ...

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, during the forming step, the straight passage temperature is 1180°C, the overflow outlet temperature is 1120°C, the pre-roll temperature is 970°C, the upper calender roll speed is 425 m / h, the lower calender roll speed is 448 m / h, the auxiliary calender roll speed is 515 m / h, the transition table speed is 614 m / h, the main drive speed is 712 m / h, the post-roll temperature is 725°C, and the annealing zone A temperature is 685°C.

[0014] The present invention also provides a photovoltaic module, characterized in that the photovoltaic module includes the photovoltaic glass described above.

[0015] The present invention also provides an application of the photovoltaic module described above in a marine environment.

[0016] The beneficial effects achievable by this invention are as follows: The photovoltaic glass of this invention is composed of forming oxides SiO2 and B2O3, intermediate oxides Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2, and ZnO, and exometallic oxides Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, Sb2O3, and SO3. The forming oxides mainly improve the glass grid structure and enhance the mechanical properties of the glass. The intermediate oxides can improve the physicochemical properties of the glass by repairing the glass network. The exometallic oxides can reduce ion precipitation and thus improve the weather resistance of the glass while improving its properties. The synergistic effect of these three aspects can significantly improve the weather resistance of the photovoltaic glass, optimize the structural stability of the photovoltaic glass, reduce free ion precipitation, suppress glass crystallization and fogging tendency, improve mechanical properties and maintain high light transmittance. It is suitable for marine environments and its application in photovoltaic modules is conducive to the promotion of offshore photovoltaic power generation technology. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing photovoltaic glass according to the present invention.

[0019] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0020] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] In this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0023] This invention provides a photovoltaic glass, the photovoltaic glass comprising a forming oxide, an intermediate oxide, and an exometallic oxide. The forming oxide includes SiO2 and B2O3, the intermediate oxide includes Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2, and ZnO, and the exometallic oxide includes Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, Sb2O3, and SO3.

[0024] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic glass comprises the following components by molar percentage: SiO2: 70%~73%, B2O3: 1%~5%, Al2O3: 1%~3%, ZrO2: 0.5%~2%, TiO2: 0.2%~1%, ZnO: 0.2%~1%, Fe2O3: 0~0.012%, CaO: 7.5%~9%, MgO: 2.5%~4%, Na2O: 11%~14%, K2O: 0.01%~3%, Sb2O3: 0.01%~0.3%, SO3: 0.1%~0.5%.

[0025] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic glass comprises the following components by molar percentage: SiO2: 71±1%, B2O3: 3±0.5%, Al2O3: 1±0.5%, ZrO2: 1±0.5%, TiO2: 0.5±0.2%, ZnO: 0.5±0.2%, Fe2O3: 0.012%, CaO: 8.5±0.5%, MgO: 3.5±0.5%, Na2O: 11±0.5%, K2O: 1±0.5%, Sb2O3: 0.1±0.05%, SO3: 0.25±0.05%.

[0026] The photovoltaic glass provided by this invention significantly improves the glass's water resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and UV aging resistance by introducing the basal oxide B2O3 and using intermediate oxides such as ZrO2, TiO2, and ZnO. This allows it to withstand harsh environments such as high salt spray, high humidity, and strong ultraviolet radiation at sea for extended periods. Simultaneously, by optimizing the ratio of exomeric oxides such as CaO, MgO, Na2O, and K2O, the invention effectively reduces the precipitation of free ions within the glass, inhibiting crystallization and mold growth. This ensures high light transmittance while maintaining the long-term reliability and power generation efficiency of the module in marine environments.

[0027] SiO2 forms an irregular continuous network structure with silicon-oxygen tetrahedral structural units, forming a glass skeleton. Its content is 70%~73%, and can be 70%, 70.5%, 71%, 72%, 73%, etc.

[0028] B₂O₃ can form a stable "borooxyate structure" with alkali metal ions, locking them in and significantly reducing their leaching, thereby improving the chemical stability of glass. It can also reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of glass, improving its thermal stability. Its network structure can improve the hardness and impact resistance of glass; its content is 1%~5%, and can be 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, etc.

[0029] Al2O3 can form (Al-O) tetrahedra, which together with (Si-O) form a dense network, improving the mechanical properties of glass. The content is 1% to 3%, and can be 1%, 2%, 3%, etc.

[0030] The introduction of ZrO2 improves the alkali resistance, acid resistance, and water resistance of glass. The content is 0.5% to 2%, which can be 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, or 2%.

[0031] The introduction of TiO2 can improve the UV resistance of glass. The content is 0.2%~1%, which can be 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, or 1%.

[0032] The introduction of ZnO can improve acid resistance and replace part of the calcium oxide. The content is 0.2% to 1%, which can be 0.2%, 0.5%, or 1%.

[0033] The introduction of Fe2O3 can increase light absorption and reduce light transmittance, so it needs to be removed as much as possible, and its content should be controlled below 0.012%.

[0034] CaO can increase the chemical stability and mechanical strength of glass. However, excessive CaO content can easily lead to crystallization. The content is 7.5% to 9%, and can be 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, or 9%.

[0035] MgO can replace some calcium oxide, reducing the tendency of glass crystallization and the crystallization rate. Its content is 2.5%~4%, which can be 2.5%, 3%, or 4%.

[0036] Na2O can reduce the amount used and reduce sodium ion precipitation while ensuring fluxing. The content is 11%~14%, which can be 11%, 13%, or 14%.

[0037] K2O acts as a flux and alkali mixant, reducing sodium ion precipitation. Its content is 0.01%~3%, which can be 0.01%, 1%, 2%, or 3%.

[0038] The pentavalent Sb in Sb2O3 can oxidize ferrous ions in glass to ferric ions, reducing the absorption and color development of ferrous ions, thereby improving the light transmittance of the glass. The content is 0.01%~0.3%, and can be 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, etc.

[0039] SO3 is a component produced during the clarification process. Controlling its content to 0.1% to 0.5% can improve the clarification effect.

[0040] In some embodiments, the visible light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass in the 380nm~780nm range is above 91.55%.

[0041] In some embodiments, the solar transmittance of the photovoltaic glass in the 380nm~1100nm range is above 91.29%.

[0042] In some embodiments, the loss of photovoltaic glass in a water resistance test at 98°C for 60 minutes is 301.1 ug / g to 311.1 ug / g.

[0043] In some embodiments, the loss of photovoltaic glass in an acid resistance test at 60°C, 5% hydrochloric acid, for 3 hours is 399.6 ug / g to 402.8 ug / g.

[0044] In some embodiments, the loss of photovoltaic glass in an alkali resistance test at 60°C, 5% NaOH, and for 3 hours is 678.5 ug / g to 704.2 ug / g.

[0045] The present invention also provides a method for preparing photovoltaic glass, referring to FIG1, comprising the following steps: S10, weighing glass raw materials according to the composition of photovoltaic glass; S20, melting, clarifying, shaping and annealing the glass raw materials to obtain photovoltaic glass.

[0046] In some embodiments, the melting temperature in the melting step is 1301°C to 1589°C.

[0047] In some embodiments, the clarification temperature is 1427°C to 1519°C during the clarification step.

[0048] In some embodiments, the liquidus temperature is 1044°C during the melting and clarification process.

[0049] In some embodiments, during the molding step, the molding temperature is 738°C to 1199°C, the crystallization temperature is 849°C to 1044°C, and the softening point temperature of the glass is 750°C.

[0050] In some embodiments, the annealing temperature is 567°C.

[0051] This invention adjusts the temperature at each stage of the glass production process to match the process and the composition of the photovoltaic glass, thereby producing photovoltaic glass with high transmittance, strong weather resistance, and excellent mechanical properties, which can adapt to the marine environment.

[0052] In some embodiments, the glass raw materials are melted and then kept at a constant temperature for 2 to 3 hours.

[0053] In some embodiments, during the melting stage, the hot spot temperature is 1550±2℃, the arch temperature is 1530±2℃, the pool bottom temperature is 1020±3℃, the transverse passage temperature is 1210±5℃, the overflow outlet temperature is 1070±5℃, and the transition platform temperature is 630±10℃. This embodiment adjusts the parameters of the melting stage to better match the process and composition of the photovoltaic glass, thereby producing photovoltaic glass with high transmittance and good weather resistance, enabling it to adapt to harsh marine environments.

[0054] In some embodiments, the melting and clarification steps include nine small furnaces, each with an arch temperature of 1320±2℃, 1280±2℃, 1530±2℃, 1515±2℃, 1510±2℃, 1450±2℃, 1430±2℃, 1425±2℃, and 1360±2℃, respectively.

[0055] In some embodiments, the nine small furnaces include a melting section and a refining section, with the melting section comprising seven small furnaces and the refining section comprising two small furnaces. The bottom temperatures of the melting section are 1190±2℃, 1200±2℃, 1210±2℃, 1210±2℃, 1270±2℃, 1285±2℃, and 1330±2℃, respectively. The first end temperature of the bottom of the two small furnaces in the refining section is 1300±2℃, and the last end temperature is 1160±2℃.

[0056] This embodiment adjusts the parameters of the melting and clarification stages to better match the process of the melting and clarification stages with the composition of the photovoltaic glass, thereby producing photovoltaic glass with high transmittance and good weather resistance, enabling it to adapt to harsh marine environments.

[0057] In some embodiments, the melting step includes nine small furnaces, each with a heat load of 10.5±0.2%, 11.7±0.2%, 12.3±0.2%, 12.1±0.2%, 7.8±0.2%, 9.3±0.2%, 14.6±0.2%, 14.3±0.2%, and 7.4±0.2%, and an air-fuel ratio of 7.1±0.2, 7.3±0.2, and 7.4±0.2%, respectively. The parameters are 8.3±0.2, 6.2±0.2, 6.7±0.2, 5.8±0.2, 8.1±0.2, 10.5±0.2, and 10.2±0.2, respectively. The residual oxygen in the small furnace is 2.4±0.2%, 2.8±0.2%, 3.3±0.2%, 3.6±0.2%, 4.9±0.2%, 5.3±0.2%, 4.1±0.2%, 4.9±0.2%, and 7.4±0.2%, respectively. This embodiment adjusts the parameters above in the melting stage to better match the process and composition of the photovoltaic glass, thereby producing photovoltaic glass with high transmittance and good weather resistance, enabling it to adapt to harsh marine environments.

[0058] In some embodiments, during the forming step, the straight passage temperature is 1180°C, the overflow port temperature is 1120°C, the pre-roll temperature is 970°C, the calender upper roll speed is 425 m / h, the calender lower roll speed is 448 m / h, the calender auxiliary roll speed is 515 m / h, the transition table speed is 614 m / h, the main drive speed is 712 m / h, the post-roll temperature is 725°C, and the annealing zone A temperature is 685°C. This embodiment, by adjusting the above parameters in the forming stage, makes the process of the forming stage more compatible with the composition of the photovoltaic glass, thereby producing photovoltaic glass with high transmittance and good weather resistance, enabling it to adapt to harsh marine environments.

[0059] The present invention also provides a photovoltaic module, which includes the photovoltaic glass described above and has at least all the beneficial effects of photovoltaic glass, possessing excellent weather resistance, light transmittance, and mechanical stability, enabling the photovoltaic module to be applied in marine environments, which is conducive to the vigorous development of marine photovoltaic technology.

[0060] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0061] Example 1: Study on the composition of the photovoltaic glass of the present invention: According to the composition of photovoltaic glass in Table 1, the glass raw materials were weighed, the glass raw materials were mixed evenly and placed in a furnace, melted at 1500°C, and kept at 1500°C for 2 hours to obtain glass melt. The glass melt was poured into a glass mold and placed in an annealing furnace, annealed at 567°C, and then naturally cooled to obtain photovoltaic glass.

[0062] Photovoltaic glass was cut to obtain glass samples with dimensions of 35mm×35mm. The surface of the glass samples was then polished to the target thickness before performance testing was conducted.

[0063] 1) Use an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to detect the sample composition and a spectrophotometer (PE Lambda 950) to detect the light transmittance of the glass sample; 2) Crush the glass sample and select particles in the 40-80 mesh range as test samples to test water resistance, acid resistance, and alkali resistance.

[0064] The water resistance test is as follows: Immerse the test sample in deionized water at 98℃ for 60 minutes, then remove it, remove the residual solvent, and calculate the glass loss per gram (ug).

[0065] The acid resistance test is as follows: The test sample is immersed in 5% hydrochloric acid for 3 hours, then removed, the residual solvent is removed, and the glass loss per gram (ug) is calculated.

[0066] The alkali resistance test was conducted as follows: The test sample was immersed in a 5% sodium hydroxide solution at 60℃ for 3 hours, then removed, the residual solvent was removed, and the glass loss per gram (ug) was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0067] Table 1

[0068] Table 2

[0069] As can be summarized from Tables 1 and 2, formulation 14 can achieve a better balance between light transmittance and weather resistance. Formulation 14 is considered the optimal formulation. Table 3 summarizes the optimized composition scheme of photovoltaic glass based on Table 1.

[0070] Table 3

[0071] Analysis based on Tables 1 to 3: After optimizing the photovoltaic glass formulation, the transmittance of the fused sample glass decreased slightly, but the water resistance, acid resistance, and alkali resistance all significantly improved. Specifically: the visible light transmittance (380-780nm) decreased from 91.59% to 91.55%, a limited decrease; the solar transmittance (380-780nm) decreased from 91.35% to 91.29%, a limited decrease; the water resistance loss increased from 423.3 ug / g to 311.1 ug / g, an increase of 26.5%; the acid resistance loss increased from 586.8 ug / g to 402.8 ug / g, an increase of 31.3%; and the alkali resistance loss increased from 987.6 ug / g to 704.2 ug / g, an increase of 28.7%.

[0072] It is evident that the photovoltaic glass prepared by the optimized formula can be applied to harsh marine photovoltaic environments.

[0073] Example 2 uses the glass composition designed with "basic formula 0" and "comparative formula 14" to prepare photovoltaic glass according to the preparation method of Example 1. Then, the extreme weather resistance performance is compared and verified. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0074] Table 4

[0075] As shown in Table 4, the photovoltaic glass prepared by the comparative formulation 14 has more stable performance and is more suitable for the harsh conditions of marine photovoltaic applications.

[0076] Example 3: Comparative formulation 14 was selected. The design incorporated boron oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and potassium oxide, increased aluminum oxide, and decreased calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and sodium oxide. The high-temperature melting performance of the glass melt changed significantly. Through software simulation and actual glass production data, the influence of temperature conditions in the glass manufacturing process on the product was further studied, and the performance of photovoltaic glass was tested, as shown in Tables 5 and 6.

[0077] Table 5

[0078] Table 6

[0079] As shown in Tables 5 and 6, due to the characteristics of its composition and materials, the hot spot temperature of marine photovoltaic glass shows a trend of lower at the beginning and higher at the end compared with ordinary glass. Therefore, in the melting and forming process, it is necessary to adjust the relevant parameters to meet the melting and forming requirements.

[0080] Example 4 Example 4 selected comparative formulation 14. Based on the preparation process of Example 1, the melting and clarifying process was improved. By adjusting the distribution difference between the top temperature of the arch and the bottom temperature of the melting pool in the melting process, the temperature control of the melting hot spot was optimized, as shown in Table 7 below.

[0081] Table 7

[0082] As shown in Table 7, by optimizing the melting and clarifying process, the process and the composition of the photovoltaic glass formulation are better matched, thereby producing photovoltaic glass with high transmittance and good weather resistance, which can be applied to harsh marine environments.

[0083] Example 5: Comparative formulation 14 was selected. Based on the preparation process of Example 1, the process was optimized by adjusting the air-oil ratio of the combustion system, detecting the oxygen content of each small furnace, and testing the performance of the photovoltaic glass. The results are shown in Table 8 below.

[0084] Table 8

[0085] Example 7 Example 7 selected comparative formulation 14. Based on the preparation process of Example 1, the process was optimized by adjusting the molding condition parameters, and the performance of the photovoltaic glass was tested. The results are shown in Table 9 below.

[0086] Table 9

[0087] As shown in Table 9, the forming viscosity of marine photovoltaic glass is higher than that of ordinary photovoltaic glass. Therefore, the forming parameters need to be adjusted to achieve the required forming thickness and quality, and to meet the annealing requirements.

[0088] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic glass, characterized in that, The photovoltaic glass comprises a forming oxide, an intermediate oxide, and an exometallic oxide; the forming oxide includes SiO2 and B2O3, the intermediate oxide includes Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2, and ZnO, and the exometallic oxide includes Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, Sb2O3, and SO3.

2. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, calculated by molar percentage, comprises the following components: SiO2: 70%~73%, B2O3: 1%~5%, Al2O3: 1%~3%, ZrO2: 0.5%~2%, TiO2: 0.2%~1%, ZnO: 0.2%~1%, Fe2O3: 0~0.012%, CaO: 7.5%~9%, MgO: 2.5%~4%, Na2O: 11%~14%, K2O: 0.01%~3%, Sb2O3: 0.01%~0.3%, SO3: 0.1%~0.5%.

3. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic glass comprises the following components by molar percentage: SiO2: 71±1%, B2O3: 3±0.5%, Al2O3: 1±0.5%, ZrO2: 1±0.5%, TiO2: 0.5±0.2%, ZnO: 0.5±0.2%, Fe2O3: 0.012%, CaO: 8.5±0.5%, MgO: 3.5±0.5%, Na2O: 11±0.5%, K2O: 1±0.5%, Sb2O3: 0.1±0.05%, SO3: 0.25±0.05%.

4. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic glass has a visible light transmittance of 91.55% or higher in the 380nm~780nm range; and / or, the photovoltaic glass has a direct sunlight transmittance of 91.29% or higher in the 380nm~1100nm range; and / or, the photovoltaic glass has a water resistance loss of 301.1ug / g~311.1ug / g in a 98℃, 60min water resistance test; and / or, the photovoltaic glass has a water resistance loss of 399.6ug / g~402.8ug / g in a 60℃, 5% hydrochloric acid, 3h acid resistance test; and / or, the photovoltaic glass has a water resistance loss of 678.5ug / g~704.2ug / g in a 60℃, 5% NaOH, 3h alkali resistance test.

5. A method for preparing photovoltaic glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: According to the composition of the photovoltaic glass, the glass raw materials are weighed, and the glass raw materials are melted, clarified, shaped and annealed to obtain the photovoltaic glass.

6. The method for preparing photovoltaic glass according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the melting step, the melting temperature is 1301℃~1589℃; and / or, in the clarifying step, the clarifying temperature is 1427℃~1519℃; and / or, during the melting and clarifying process, the liquidus temperature is 1044℃; and / or, in the forming step, the forming temperature is 738℃~1199℃, the crystallization temperature is 849℃~1044℃, and the softening point temperature of the glass is 750℃; and / or, in the annealing step, the annealing temperature is 567℃; and / or, in the melting step, the hot spot temperature is 1550±2℃, the arch temperature is 1530±2℃, the bottom temperature is 1020±3℃, the transverse passage temperature is 1210±5℃, the overflow temperature is 1070±5℃, and the transition stage temperature is 630±10℃.

7. The method for preparing photovoltaic glass according to claim 5, characterized in that, The melting and clarifying steps include nine small furnaces, each with an arch temperature of 1320±2℃, 1280±2℃, 1530±2℃, 1515±2℃, 1510±2℃, 1450±2℃, 1430±2℃, 1425±2℃, and 1360±2℃, respectively; and / or, the melting step includes nine small furnaces, each with a heat load of 10.5±0.2%, 11.7±0.2%, 12.3±0.2%, 12.1±0.2%, 7.8±0.2%, and 9.3±0.2%, respectively. The percentages were 14.6±0.2%, 14.3±0.2%, and 7.4±0.2%, respectively; the air-fuel ratios were 7.1±0.2, 7.3±0.2, 8.3±0.2, 6.2±0.2, 6.7±0.2, 5.8±0.2, 8.1±0.2, 10.5±0.2, and 10.2±0.2%, respectively; and the residual oxygen in the small furnaces were 2.4±0.2%, 2.8±0.2%, 3.3±0.2%, 3.6±0.2%, 4.9±0.2%, 5.3±0.2%, 4.1±0.2%, 4.9±0.2%, and 7.4±0.2%, respectively.

8. The method for preparing photovoltaic glass according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the forming step, the straight passage temperature is 1180℃, the overflow outlet temperature is 1120℃, the temperature before the roll is 970℃, the speed of the upper calender roll is 425m / h, the speed of the lower calender roll is 448m / h, the speed of the auxiliary calender roll is 515m / h, the speed of the transition table is 614m / h, the speed of the main drive is 712m / h, the temperature after the roll is 725℃, and the temperature of the annealing zone A is 685℃.

9. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes the photovoltaic glass described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

10. The application of the photovoltaic module of claim 9 in a marine environment.

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