Quantum dot, optical component including the same, electronic device, and electronic apparatus

Abstract

A quantum dot, an optical component including the quantum dot, an electronic device, and an electronic apparatus are disclosed. According to one aspect, there is provided a quantum dot including: a core including a Group I element, a Group III element, a Group VI element, and gallium (Ga); a first shell including a group I element, a group III element, a group VI element, and gallium (Ga), and covering the core; and a second shell covering the first shell, in which the band gaps of the core, the first shell, and the second shell satisfy the following formula (1) and formula (2): EBSHELL1lt; eBCORE (1); an EBCORElt (electron beam COREt); eBSHELL2 (2) wherein EBCORE is the energy band gap of the core, EBSHELL1 is the energy band gap of the first shell, and EBSHELL2 is the energy band gap of the second shell, and wherein EBCORE is the energy band gap of the core, EBSHELL1 is the energy band gap of the first shell, and EBSHELL2 is the energy band gap of the second shell.

Description

Quantum dots, optical components containing quantum dots, electronic devices and electronic equipment Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to quantum dots, optical components including said quantum dots, electronic devices, and electronic equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Quantum dots, as nanoscale semiconductor nanocrystals exhibiting the quantum confinement effect, can emit light of various wavelengths by controlling their size and composition, thereby achieving different band gaps.

[0003] Such quantum dots can be used in optical components and various electronic devices in a variety of ways, and quantum dots with narrow emission full width at half maximum (FWHM) and excellent quantum efficiency at desired wavelengths are in demand. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a quantum dot with a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of emission and excellent quantum efficiency.

[0005] According to one aspect, a quantum dot is provided, comprising: a core including group I elements, group III elements, group VI elements, and gallium (Ga); a first shell including group I elements, group III elements, group VI elements, and gallium (Ga), and covering the core; and a second shell covering the first shell, wherein the band gaps of the core, the first shell, and the second shell satisfy the following equations (1) and (2): EB SHELL1 <EB CORE (1) EB CORE <EB SHELL2 (2) In equations (1) and (2), EB CORE It is the band gap of the nucleus, EB SHELL1 It is the band gap of the first shell, EB SHELL2 It is the band gap of the second shell.

[0006] In one implementation, the Group I elements of the core and the first shell can be independently selected from copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), or combinations thereof.

[0007] In one implementation, the Group I elements of the core and the Group I elements of the first shell can be different from each other.

[0008] In one implementation, the group III element may be aluminum (Al), indium (In), thallium (Tl), or a combination thereof.

[0009] In one implementation example, the Group VI element may be sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), or a combination thereof.

[0010] In one implementation example, the core may include Ag, In, Ga, and S.

[0011] In one implementation example, the first shell may include Cu, In, Ga, and S.

[0012] In one implementation example, the core may have a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0 < x < 1), and the first shell may have a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0 < y < 1).

[0013] In one implementation example, the quantum dots may satisfy any one of the following conditions (1) to (7): (1) When the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0 < x ≤ 0.2), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0 < y < 1); (2) When the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.2 < x ≤ 0.3), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0.1 ≤ y < 1); (3) When the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.3 < x ≤ 0.4), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0.2 ≤ y < 1); (4) When the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.4 < x ≤ 0.6), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0.3 ≤ y < 1); (5) When the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.6 < x ≤ 0.7), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0.4 ≤ y < 1); (6) When the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.7 < x ≤ 0.8), the first shell has a composition of CuIn yGa 1-y The composition of S (0.5 ≤ y < 1); (7) When the core has AgIn x Ga 1-x In the case where the composition of S is (0.8 < x < 1), the first shell has CuIn y Ga 1-y The composition of S (0.6 ≤ y < 1).

[0014] In one implementation example, the second shell may include a II-VI group compound, a III-VI group compound, or any combination thereof.

[0015] In one implementation example, the second shell may include ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, ZnMg, ZnMgSe, ZnMgS, ZnMgAl, GaSe, GaTe, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InAs, InSb, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, MnS, MnSe, MgS, MgSe.

[0016] In one implementation example, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the incident light with a wavelength of 450 nm for the quantum dots may be 60 nm or less.

[0017] In one implementation example, the diameter of the core may be in the range of 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0018] In one implementation example, the thickness of the first shell may be in the range of 1 nm to 2 nm.

[0019] In one implementation example, the thickness of the second shell may be in the range of 0.3 nm to 2 nm.

[0020] In one implementation example, the surface of the quantum dots may include an organic ligand or a metal halide.

[0021] According to another aspect, there is provided an optical member including the above-mentioned quantum dots.

[0022] According to still another aspect, there is provided an electronic device including the above-mentioned quantum dots.

[0023] In one implementation example, the above-mentioned electronic device may include: a light source; and a color conversion component arranged in the path of the light emitted from the light source; wherein, the quantum dots may be included in the color conversion component.

[0024] In one implementation example, the electronic device may be a display device.

[0025] According to still another aspect, there is provided an electronic equipment including the above-mentioned electronic device.

[0026] The quantum dot according to the present invention includes a first shell having a band gap smaller than that of the nucleus, thereby exhibiting a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and excellent quantum efficiency. Furthermore, by utilizing the quantum dot, high-quality optical components and electronic devices can be provided. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-section of a quantum dot according to an implementation example.

[0028] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the band gaps of the core, first shell, and second shell of a quantum dot according to an implementation example.

[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting element according to one implementation example.

[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an electronic device according to another implementation example.

[0031] Figure 5 is a perspective view schematically showing an electronic device including a light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing the exterior of a vehicle as an electronic device including a light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figures 7a to 7c are schematic diagrams illustrating the interior of a vehicle according to various embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 is a graph showing the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the quantum dots prepared in Comparative Test Example 1 and Comparative Test Example 2.

[0035] Figure 9 is a graph showing the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the quantum dots prepared in comparative test example 3, test example 1 and test example 2.

[0036] Figure 10 is a graph showing the quantum yield (QY) retention rate of quantum dots based on the exposure time of comparative test examples 1 to 3, test example 1 and test example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0037] This invention can be modified in various ways and can have many embodiments. Specific embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings and described in detail in the following description. The effects and features of the invention, as well as the methods for achieving these effects and features, will become clear with reference to the embodiments described in detail below together with the accompanying drawings. However, the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but can be implemented in many different forms.

[0038] In this specification, terms such as "first" and "second" are not intended to be limiting, but are used to distinguish one constituent element from another.

[0039] In this specification, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, singular expressions include plural expressions.

[0040] In this specification, terms such as “comprising” or “having” mean the presence of the features or constituent elements described in the specification, and are not intended to preclude the possibility of additional features or constituent elements beyond one other. For example, unless otherwise specified, terms such as “comprising” or “having” can indicate a situation where the system consists solely of the features or constituent elements described in the specification, as well as a situation where other constituent elements are also included.

[0041] In this specification, "Group I" may include Group IA and Group IB elements in the IUPAC periodic table. Group I elements may include, for example, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu).

[0042] In this specification, "Group II" may include Group IIA and Group IIB elements in the IUPAC periodic table. Group II elements may include, for example, magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), etc.

[0043] In this specification, "Group III" may include Group IIIA and Group IIIB elements in the IUPAC periodic table. Group III elements may include, for example, aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl), etc.

[0044] In this specification, "Group VI" may include elements of Group VIA and Group VIB in the IUPAC periodic table. Group VI elements may include, for example, oxygen (O), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), etc.

[0045] [Quantum Dot] A quantum dot according to one embodiment includes: a core comprising a group I element, a group III element, a group VI element, and gallium (Ga); a first shell comprising a group I element, a group III element, a group VI element, and gallium (Ga), and covering the core; and a second shell covering the first shell, wherein the band gaps of the core, the first shell, and the second shell satisfy the following equations (1) and (2): EB SHELL1 <EB CORE (1) EB CORE <EB SHELL2 (2) In equations (1) and (2), EB CORE It is the band gap of the nucleus, EB SHELL1 It is the band gap of the first shell, EBSHELL2 It is the band gap of the second shell.

[0046] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a quantum dot 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The quantum dot 100 includes a core 10, a first shell 20 covering the core 10, and a second shell 30 covering the first shell 20.

[0047] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the band gaps of the core 10, first shell 20, and second shell 30 of quantum dot 100. In Figure 2, the lengths of the bars represent the size of the band gaps. Referring to Figure 2, the band gap of the first shell 20, located between the core 10 and the second shell 30, is smaller than that of the core 10 and the second shell 30, and the band gaps of the core 10, the first shell 20, and the second shell 30 satisfy equations (1) and (2). By introducing a first shell 20 with a band gap smaller than that of the core 10 and the second shell 30 between the core 10 and the second shell 30, quantum efficiency and durability, represented by the quantum efficiency retention rate, can be improved. It is speculated that this is because the introduction of the low-energy first shell 20 increases the electron distribution probability inside the bulk of quantum dot 100, reduces surface-bulk coupling between the surface and the bulk of the quantum dot, and improves durability against surface damage. The coupling between the surface and interior of a quantum dot refers to the direct impact of surface damage and electron exchange on the bulk.

[0048] In one implementation, the Group I elements of the core and the first shell can be independently selected from copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), or combinations thereof. In one implementation, the Group I elements of the core and the first shell can be different from each other. For example, the Group I element of the core can be silver (Ag), and the Group I element of the first shell can be copper (Cu). In one implementation, the Group I elements of the core and the first shell can be the same. For example, the Group I elements of the core and the first shell can be all silver (Ag) or all copper (Cu).

[0049] In one implementation, the Group III elements of the core and the first shell can be independently selected from aluminum (Al), indium (In), thallium (Tl), or combinations thereof. In another implementation, the Group III element of the core and the Group III element of the first shell can be the same. For example, both the core and the first shell can be indium (In).

[0050] In one implementation, the Group VI elements of the core and the first shell can be independently selected from sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), or combinations thereof. In one implementation, the Group VI element of the core and the Group VI element of the first shell can be the same. For example, both the core and the first shell can be sulfur (S). In one implementation, the Group VI element of the core and the Group VI element of the first shell can be different.

[0051] In one implementation, in addition to Group I elements, Group III and Group VI elements may also be the same in the core and the first shell. For example, the core may include Ag, In, Ga, and S, and the first shell may include Cu, In, Ga, and S.

[0052] In one implementation, the core and the first shell may be entirely identical in composition. For example, both the core and the first shell may include Ag, In, Ga, and S. Alternatively, both the core and the first shell may include Cu, In, Ga, and S.

[0053] In one implementation example, the core may have AgIn x Ga 1-x The composition of S (0 < x < 1), the first shell may have CuIn y Ga 1-y The composition of S (0 < y < 1).

[0054] Table 1 shows the data based on AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0≤x≤1) and CuIn y Ga 1-y The band gap of the composition ratio of In and Ga in the S (0≤y≤1) compound.

[0055] [Table 1]

[0056] The band gap of the compound is obtained from the band gap literature values (AgInS 1.9 eV, AgGaS 2.7 eV, CuInS 1.5 eV, CuGaS 2.5 eV) (Source: Ternary Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications (Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials, 2021)), which are values predicted and calculated by linear interpolation for the contributions according to the respective contents of In and Ga. Referring to Table 1, in AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) and CuIn x Ga 1-x S compounds, it shows that as the ratio of In / Ga decreases, the band gap increases.

[0057] In one implementation example, when the core of the quantum dot has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0 < x < 1) and the first shell of the quantum dot has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0 < y < 1), the quantum dot can satisfy any one of the following conditions (1) to (7): (1) In the case where the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0 < x ≤ 0.2), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0 < y < 1); (2) In the case where the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.2 < x ≤ 0.3), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0.1 ≤ y < 1); (3) In the case where the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.3 < x ≤ 0.4), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0.2 ≤ y < 1); (4) In the case where the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.4 < x ≤ 0.6), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-yComposition of S (0.3 ≤ y < 1); (5) When the core has AgIn x Ga 1-x In the case where the composition of S is (0.6 < x ≤ 0.7), the first shell has CuIn y Ga 1-y Composition of S (0.4 ≤ y < 1); (6) When the core has AgIn x Ga 1-x In the case where the composition of S is (0.7 < x ≤ 0.8), the first shell has CuIn y Ga 1-y Composition of S (0.5 ≤ y < 1); (7) When the core has AgIn x Ga 1-x In the case where the composition of S is (0.8 < x < 1), the first shell has CuIn y Ga 1-y Composition of S (0.6 ≤ y < 1).

[0058] When considering the band gaps of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) and CuIn * y Ga 1-y S (0 ≤ y ≤ 1) recorded in Table 1, the conditions (1) to the condition (7) are the compositions that satisfy the formula (1) and the formula (2).

[0059] For example, in condition (1), when the core has AgIn x Ga 1-x In the case where the composition of S is (0 < x ≤ 0.₂), the band gap EB of the core CORE Is within the range of 2.54 ≤ EB CORE < 2.7. When the first shell has CuIn y Ga 1-y In the case where the composition of S is (0 < y < 1), the band gap EB of the first shell SHELL1 Is within the range of 1.5 ≤ EB SHELL1 < 2.5. Therefore, the condition of EB SHELL1 < EB CORE Is satisfied.

[0060] For example, in condition (2), when the core has AgIn x Ga 1-x In the case where the composition of S is (0.2 < x ≤ 0.3), the band gap EB of the core CORE Is within the range of 2.46 ≤ EB CORE < 2.54. When the first shell has CuIn y Ga 1-yWhen the composition of S is 0.1 ≤ y < 1, the energy band gap EB of the first shell SHELL1 is within the range of 1.5 ≤ EB SHELL1 < 2.5. Therefore, the condition EB SHELL1 < EB CORE is satisfied.

[0061] For example, in condition (3), when the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S where 0.3 < x ≤ 0.4, the energy band gap EB of the core CORE is within the range of 2.38 ≤ EB CORE < 2.46. When the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S where 0.2 ≤ y < 1, the energy band gap EB of the first shell SHELL1 is within the range of 1.5 ≤ EB SHELL1 < 2.3. Therefore, the condition EB SHELL1 < EB CORE is satisfied.

[0062] For example, in condition (4), when the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S where 0.4 < x ≤ 0.6, the energy band gap EB of the core CORE is within the range of 2.22 ≤ EB CORE < 2.38. When the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S where 0.3 ≤ y < 1, the energy band gap EB of the first shell SHELL1 is within the range of 1.5 ≤ EB SHELL1 < 2.2. Therefore, the condition EB SHELL1 < EB CORE is satisfied.

[0063] For example, in condition (5), when the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S where 0.6 < x ≤ 0.7, the energy band gap EB of the core CORE is within the range of 2.14 ≤ EB CORE < 2.22. When the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S where 0.4 ≤ y < 1, the energy band gap EB of the first shell SHELL1 is within the range of 1.5 ≤ EB SHELL1 < 2.1. Therefore, the condition EB SHELL1 < EBCORE conditions

[0064] For example, in condition (6), when the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.7 < x ≤ 0.8), the energy band gap EB of the core CORE is in the range of 2.06 ≤ EB CORE < 2.14, and when the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0.5 ≤ y < 1), the energy band gap EB of the first shell SHELL1 is in the range of 1.5 ≤ EB SHELL1 < 2.0. Therefore, the condition of EB[[ID=2(1]] SHELL1 < EB CORE is satisfied.

[0065] For example, in condition (7), when the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.8 < x < 1), the energy band gap EB of the core CORE is in the range of 1.9 ≤ EB CORE ≤ 2.06, and when the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0.6 ≤ y < 1), the energy band gap EB of the first shell SHELL1 is in the range of 1.5 ≤ EB SHELL1 < 1.9. Therefore, the condition of EB SHELL1 < EB CORE is satisfied.

[0066] In one implementation example, the second shell may include II-VI group compounds, III-VI group compounds or any combination thereof. For example, the second shell may include ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, ZnMg, ZnMgSe, ZnMgS, ZnMgAl, GaSe, GaTe, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InAs, InSb, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, MnS, MnSe, MgS, MgSe.

[0067] In one implementation example, the diameter 2r of the core may be in the range of 2 nm to 8 nm.

[0068] In one implementation example, the thickness d1 of the first shell may be in the range of 1 nm to 2 nm.

[0069] In one implementation example, the thickness d2 of the second shell may be in the range of 0.3 nm to 2 nm.

[0070] In one implementation, the surface of the quantum dot may include organic ligands or metal halides. The organic ligands may, for example, include C4-C compounds such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid. 30 Fatty acids, such as oleylamine and trioctylamine, have C4-C64 ratios. 30 Hydrocarbon chains such as amines, dodecyl mercaptan, etc., have C4-C6 chains. 30 The metal halide is a thiol of a hydrocarbon chain. During quantum dot synthesis, the metal halide can be derived from a metal precursor, such as CuI, AgI, InI, GaI, etc.

[0071] According to one embodiment, the quantum dot can specifically be in the form of spherical, pyramidal, multi-arm, or cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, nanoplates, etc.

[0072] According to one implementation example, the quantum dot can be spherical.

[0073] According to one embodiment, the maximum emission wavelength of the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the quantum dot can be about 500 nm to 650 nm, about 510 nm to 550 nm, about 600 nm to 650 nm, or about 610 nm to 640 nm.

[0074] According to one embodiment, the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the quantum dot can be more than 60% and less than 98%, more than 80% and less than 97%, more than 85% and less than 95%, or more than 88% and less than 95%.

[0075] According to one embodiment, the quantum dot can have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of its emission wavelength spectrum ranging from 30 nm to 60 nm, which can improve color purity or color reproducibility. Furthermore, light emitted by such a quantum dot is directed in all directions, thereby improving the viewing angle.

[0076] According to this embodiment, the quantum dot can incorporate elements identical to the nucleus, including Group I, Group III, Group VI elements, and gallium (Ga), and a first shell with a smaller band gap than the nucleus between the nucleus and the second shell. This improves the lattice constant matching with the nucleus, thereby improving quantum efficiency and full width at half maximum (FWHM). Furthermore, by introducing the first shell, which has a higher melting point and binding force than the nucleus, to form a robust multi-shell structure, the reliability of the quantum dot can be improved.

[0077] The quantum dots can be synthesized by wet chemical processes, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition processes, molecular beam epitaxy processes, or similar processes.

[0078] The wet chemical process involves mixing an organic solvent with a precursor to grow quantum dot crystals. During crystal growth, the organic solvent naturally acts as a dispersant on the surface of the quantum dot crystal and regulates its growth. Therefore, the growth of quantum dot particles can be controlled more easily and at a lower cost than vapor deposition methods (such as Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) or Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)).

[0079] By adjusting the size of the quantum dots, the band gap can be tuned, allowing light of multiple wavelengths to be obtained in the quantum dot emitting layer. Therefore, by using quantum dots of different sizes, light-emitting elements emitting multiple wavelengths of light can be realized. Specifically, the size of the quantum dots can be selected to emit red, green, and / or blue light. Furthermore, the size of the quantum dots can be configured to combine multiple colors of light to emit white light.

[0080] [Ink Composition] According to one embodiment, an ink composition comprising the quantum dots and a solvent is provided.

[0081] According to one embodiment, the content of quantum dots may be from 1.0 part to 10 parts by weight, or from 2 parts to 5 parts by weight, relative to a total of 100 parts by weight of the ink composition.

[0082] According to one embodiment, the solvent content may be from 80 parts by weight to 99.9 parts by weight, or from 90 parts by weight to 99.8 parts by weight, relative to a total of 100 parts by weight of the ink composition.

[0083] According to one implementation example, the viscosity of the ink composition can be from 2 cP to 10 cP.

[0084] According to one embodiment, the surface tension of the ink composition can be from 20 dynes / cm to 40 dynes / cm.

[0085] According to one implementation example, the vapor pressure of the ink composition can be 10. -2 Below mmHg.

[0086] Because the ink composition has the above-mentioned viscosity range, surface tension range, and vapor pressure range, an inkjet process for discharging the ink composition can be easily performed.

[0087] According to one embodiment, the solvent may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.

[0088] According to one embodiment, the hydrophobic solvent may include one or more of aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents.

[0089] For example, the hydrophobic solvent may be one or more of the following: alkanes, including n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, dodecane, hexadecane, and oxadecane; haloalkanes, including dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane; cycloalkanes, including cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane; aryl compounds, including toluene, xylene, mesitylene, ethylbenzene, n-hexylbenzene, octylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, and tetrahydronaphthalene; and haloaryl compounds, including chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, and cyclohexylbenzene.

[0090] In one implementation, the hydrophilic solvent may include one or more of alcohol, ether, ketone, and ester groups.

[0091] For example, the hydrophilic solvent may include one or more of the following: alkylene glycol alkyl ethers (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, etc.); diethylene glycol dialkyl ethers (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dipropyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, etc.); alkylene glycol alkyl ether acetates (methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate). Esters, etc.); alkoxyalkyl acetates (methoxybutyl acetate, methoxypentyl acetate, etc.); aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, etc.); ketones (methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, methyl pentyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, etc.); alcohols (ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, etc.); esters (ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-phenylpropionate, etc.); cyclic esters (γ-butyrolactone, etc.); and methoxybenzene (anisole).

[0092] The ink composition comprising quantum dots and solvent according to the embodiments of this application has excellent luminescent properties and quantum efficiency, thereby enabling the use of said ink composition to provide high-quality optical components, electronic devices, and electronic equipment.

[0093] [Light Emitting Element] Quantum dots, as described in this specification, can be used as emitters in a light-emitting element. Therefore, according to one embodiment, in a light-emitting element comprising the following structure, the quantum dots may be included in a light-emitting layer: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and a light-emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The light-emitting element may further include: a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the light-emitting layer; an electron transport region disposed between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode; or a combination thereof.

[0094] [Explanation of Figure 3] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of a light-emitting element 300 according to an implementation example.

[0095] The light-emitting element 300 includes: a first electrode 310; a second electrode 350 facing the first electrode 310; and an intermediate layer 330 disposed between the first electrode 310 and the second electrode 350 and including a light-emitting layer. The light-emitting layer may include a quantum dot according to the above implementation example. Hereinafter, each layer of the light-emitting element 300 will be described.

[0096] [First Electrode 310] A substrate may be additionally arranged on the lower part of the first electrode 310 or the upper part of the second electrode 350 in FIG3. As the substrate, a glass substrate or a plastic substrate with excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling and water resistance can be used.

[0097] For example, in the case where the light-emitting element 300 is a top-emission type that emits light in the opposite direction to the substrate, the substrate does not need to be transparent; it can be an opaque or translucent substrate. In this case, the substrate can be formed using a metal. When using a metal to form the substrate, the substrate can include carbon, iron, chromium, manganese, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, stainless steel (SUS), Invar alloy, Inconel alloy, Kovar alloy, or any combination thereof.

[0098] In addition, although omitted in Figure 3, a buffer layer, a thin-film transistor, an organic insulating layer, etc. may also be included between the substrate and the first electrode 310.

[0099] For example, the first electrode 310 can be formed by depositing or sputtering a first electrode material onto a substrate. The first electrode 310 can be a reflective electrode, a semi-transparent electrode, or a transmissive electrode. To form the first electrode 310 as a transmissive electrode, the first electrode material can include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc gallium oxide (GZO), zinc aluminum oxide (AZO), and InZnSnO. x(IZTO), ZnSnO x ZTO, graphene, PEDOT:PSS, carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires (Ag nanowires), gold nanowires (Aunanowires), metal mesh, or any combination thereof. Alternatively, to form the first electrode 310 as a semi-transparent or reflective electrode, the material used for the first electrode may be magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof.

[0100] The first electrode 310 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure with multiple layers. For example, the first electrode 310 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO.

[0101] [Intermediate Layer 330] An intermediate layer 330 may be disposed on the upper part of the first electrode 310. The intermediate layer 330 includes a light-emitting layer.

[0102] The intermediate layer 330 may further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode 310 and the light-emitting layer and an electron transport region disposed between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode 350.

[0103] In addition to various organic substances, the intermediate layer 330 may also include metal-containing compounds such as organometallic compounds, inorganic substances such as quantum dots, etc.

[0104] Additionally, the intermediate layer 330 may include: i) two or more emitting units stacked sequentially between the first electrode 310 and the second electrode 350; and ii) a charge generation layer disposed between the two emitting units. When the intermediate layer 330 includes the emitting units and charge generation layer as described above, the light-emitting element 300 may be a tandem light-emitting element.

[0105] [Hole transport region of intermediate layer 330] The hole transport region may have the following structures: i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer composed of a single substance; ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer containing multiple different substances; or iii) a multi-layer structure including multiple layers containing multiple different substances.

[0106] The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light-emitting auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof.

[0107] For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layer structure composed of multiple single layers of different materials, or it may have a multi-layer structure consisting of a hole injection layer / hole transport layer, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emission auxiliary layer, a hole injection layer / light emission auxiliary layer, a hole transport layer / light emission auxiliary layer, or a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer stacked sequentially from the first electrode 310.

[0108] The hole transport region may include amorphous inorganic or organic materials. The inorganic materials may include NiO, MoO3, Cr2O3, and Bi2O3. Furthermore, the inorganic materials, as p-type inorganic semiconductors, may include: p-type inorganic semiconductors doped with nonmetals such as O, S, Se, or Te in iodides, bromides, or chlorides of Cu, Ag, or Au; p-type inorganic semiconductors doped with metals such as Cu, Ag, or Au or with nonmetals such as N, P, As, Sb, or Bi in compounds containing Zn; or spontaneous p-type inorganic semiconductors such as ZnTe.

[0109] The organic compound may include a compound represented by the following chemical formula 201, a compound represented by the following chemical formula 202, or any combination thereof: <Chemical Formula 201>

[0110] <Chemical Formula 202>

[0111] In chemical formula 201 and chemical formula 202, L 201 To L 204 Independent of each other, for at least one R 10a C3-C, whether substituted or not 60 The carbocyclic group or is surrounded by at least one R 10a C1-C, whether substituted or not 60 Heterocyclic group, L 205 for -O- , -S- , -N(Q 201 )- , by at least one R 10a C1-C, whether substituted or not 20 Alkylene, by at least one R 10aC2-C, whether substituted or not 20 alkenyl group, with at least one R 10a C3-C, whether substituted or not 60 The carbocyclic group or is surrounded by at least one R 10a C1-C, whether substituted or not 60 Heterocyclic groups, xa1 to xa4 are independently integers from 0 to 5, xa5 is an integer from 1 to 10, R 201 To R 204 And Q 201 Independent of each other, for at least one R 10a C3-C, whether substituted or not 60 The carbocyclic group or is surrounded by at least one R 10a C1-C, whether substituted or not 60 Heterocyclic group, R 201 and R 202 Optionally, it can be used via a single bond, by at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or those with at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form a structure with at least one R 10a C8-C, whether replaced or not 60 Polycyclic groups (e.g., carbazole groups, etc.) (e.g., see compounds such as HT16 below), R 203 and R 204 Optionally, it can be used via a single bond, by at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or those with at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form a structure with at least one R 10a C8-C, whether replaced or not 60 Polycyclic groups, and na1 can be one of an integer from 1 to 4.

[0112] For example, each of the chemical formulas 201 and 202 may include at least one of the groups represented by the following chemical formulas CY201 to CY217:

[0113]

[0114] .

[0115] In the chemical formulas CY201 to CY217, for R 10b and R10c For further explanation, please refer to the description of R in this manual. 10a The explanation, and the CY ring 201 To CY 204 They can be C3-C independently of each other. 20 Carbocyclic groups or C1-C 20 Heterocyclic groups, wherein at least one hydrogen atom of the chemical formulas CY201 to CY217 can be R as described in this specification. 10a Replaced or not replaced.

[0116] According to one implementation example, the cyclic CY in chemical formulas CY201 to CY217 201 To CY 204 They can be phenyl groups, naphthol groups, phenanthrene groups, or anthracene groups, each independent of the other.

[0117] According to another implementation, each of the chemical formulas 201 and 202 may include at least one of the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0118] According to another implementation, the chemical formula 201 may include at least one of the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY201 to CY203 and at least one of the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0119] According to another implementation example, in the chemical formula 201, xa1 can be 1, R 201 It can be a group represented by one of the chemical formulas CY201 to CY203, and xa2 can be 0, R 202 It can be a group represented by one of the chemical formulas CY204 to CY207.

[0120] According to another implementation, each of the chemical formulas 201 and 202 may not include the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0121] According to another implementation, each of the chemical formulas 201 and 202 may not include the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY201 to CY203, but may include at least one of the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0122] As yet another example, each of the chemical formulas 201 and 202 may not include the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY201 to CY217.

[0123] For example, the hole transport region may include one of the following compounds HT1 to HT46, m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB(NPD), β-NPB, TPD, spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4',4''-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA: 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA: Polyaniline / Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS: Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / Poly(4-styrenesulfonate)), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA: Polyaniline / Camphor sulfonic acid) acid), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS: Polyaniline / Poly(4-styrenesulfonate)) or any combination thereof:

[0124]

[0125]

[0126]

[0127]

[0128]

[0129]

[0130]

[0131]

[0132]

[0133]

[0134]

[0135] The thickness of the hole transport region can be from about 50 Å to about 10,000 Å (e.g., from about 100 Å to about 4,000 Å). When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the hole injection layer can be from about 100 Å to about 9,000 Å (e.g., from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å), and the thickness of the hole transport layer can be from about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å (e.g., from about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å). When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer satisfy the aforementioned ranges, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without substantially increasing the driving voltage.

[0136] The light-emitting auxiliary layer is a layer that increases light emission efficiency by compensating for the optical resonance distance caused by the wavelength of light emitted from the light-emitting layer. The electron-blocking layer is a layer that prevents electron leakage from the light-emitting layer to the hole transport region. The aforementioned material that may be included in the hole transport region may be contained in both the light-emitting auxiliary layer and the electron-blocking layer.

[0137] In addition to the substances described above, the hole transport region may include a charge-generating material for improving conductivity. The charge-generating material may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed (e.g., in the form of a single layer consisting of the charge-generating material) within the hole transport region.

[0138] The charge-generating substance may be, for example, a p-doper.

[0139] For example, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the p-doped agent can be below -3.5 eV.

[0140] According to one implementation example, the p-doper may include quinone derivatives, cyano-containing compounds, compounds containing elements EL1 and EL2, or any combination thereof.

[0141] Examples of the quinone derivatives may include TCNQ, F4-TCNQ, etc.

[0142] Examples of the cyano-containing compounds may include HAT-CN, compounds represented by the following chemical formula 221, etc.

[0143]

[0144] <Chemical Formula 221>

[0145] In the chemical formula 221, R 221 To R 223 Independent of each other, for at least one R 10a C3-C, whether substituted or not 60 The carbocyclic group or is surrounded by at least one R 10a C1-C, whether substituted or not 60 Heterocyclic groups, the R 221 To R 223 At least one of them can be a C3-C substituted with the following groups independently. 60 Carbocyclic groups or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups: cyano; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; C1-C substituted with cyano, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I or any combination thereof 20 Alkyl groups; or any combination thereof.

[0146] In the compound containing elements EL1 and EL2, element EL1 can be a metal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof, and element EL2 can be a nonmetal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof.

[0147] Examples of the metals may include: alkali metals (e.g., lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), etc.); alkaline earth metals (e.g., beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), etc.); transition metals (e.g., titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt. (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), etc.; later transition metals (e.g., zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), etc.); and lanthanides (e.g., lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), etc.).

[0148] Examples of the quasi-metals may include silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), etc.

[0149] Examples of the nonmetals may include oxygen (O), halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I, etc.).

[0150] For example, the compounds containing elements EL1 and EL2 may include metal oxides, metal halides (e.g., metal fluorides, metal chlorides, metal bromides, metal iodides, etc.), quasi-metal halides (e.g., quasi-metal fluorides, quasi-metal chlorides, quasi-metal bromides, quasi-metal iodides, etc.), metal tellurides, or any combination thereof.

[0151] Examples of the metal oxides may include tungsten oxides (e.g., WO, W2O3, WO2, WO3, W2O5, etc.), vanadium oxides (e.g., VO, V2O3, VO2, V2O5, etc.), molybdenum oxides (MoO, Mo2O3, MoO2, MoO3, Mo2O5, etc.), rhenium oxides (e.g., ReO3, etc.), etc.

[0152] Examples of the metal halides may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, etc.

[0153] Examples of the alkali metal halides may include LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, LiBr, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, LiI, NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, etc.

[0154] Examples of alkaline earth metal halides may include BeF2, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, BeBr2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, BeI2, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, BaI2, etc.

[0155] Examples of the transition metal halides may include titanium halides (e.g., TiF4, TiCl4, TiBr4, TiI4, etc.), zirconium halides (e.g., ZrF4, ZrCl4, ZrBr4, ZrI4, etc.), hafnium halides (e.g., HfF4, HfCl4, HfBr4, HfI4, etc.), vanadium halides (e.g., VF3, VCl3, VBr3, VI3, etc.), niobium halides (e.g., NbF3, NbCl3, NbBr3, NbI3, etc.), and tantalum halides (e.g., TaF3, TaCl3, etc.). Halides of chromium (e.g., CrF3, CrCl3, CrBr3, CrI3), molybdenum (e.g., MoF3, MoCl3, MoBr3, MoI3), tungsten (e.g., WF3, WCl3, WBr3, WI3), manganese (e.g., MnF2, MnCl2, MnBr2, MnI2), technetium (e.g., TcF2, TcCl2, TcBr2, TcI2), and rhenium (e.g., ReF2, ReCl2, ReB). Iron halides (e.g., FeF2, FeCl2, FeBr2, FeI2), ruthenium halides (e.g., RuF2, RuCl2, RuBr2, RuI2), osmium halides (e.g., OsF2, OsCl2, OsBr2, OsI2), cobalt halides (e.g., CoF2, CoCl2, CoBr2, CoI2), rhodium halides (e.g., RhF2, RhCl2, RhBr2, RhI2), and iridium halides (e.g., IrF2, IrCl2, Ir...). Halides of various metals include: Br2, IrI2, etc.; nickel halides (e.g., NiF2, NiCl2, NiBr2, NiI2, etc.); palladium halides (e.g., PdF2, PdCl2, PdBr2, PdI2, etc.); platinum halides (e.g., PtF2, PtCl2, PtBr2, PtI2, etc.); copper halides (e.g., CuF, CuCl, CuBr, CuI, etc.); silver halides (e.g., AgF, AgCl, AgBr, AgI, etc.); and gold halides (e.g., AuF, AuCl, AuBr, AuI, etc.).

[0156] Examples of the post-transition metal halides may include zinc halides (e.g., ZnF2, ZnCl2, ZnBr2, ZnI2, etc.), indium halides (e.g., InI3, etc.), tin halides (e.g., SnI2, etc.), etc.

[0157] Examples of the lanthanide metal halides may include YbF, YbF2, YbF3, SmF3, YbCl, YbCl2, YbCl3, SmCl3, YbBr, YbBr2, YbBr3, SmBr3, YbI, YbI2, YbI3, SmI3, etc.

[0158] Examples of the quasi-metal halide may include antimony halides (e.g., SbCl5, etc.).

[0159] Examples of the metal tellurides may include alkali metal tellurides (e.g., Li₂Te, Na₂Te, K₂Te, Rb₂Te, Cs₂Te, etc.), alkaline earth metal tellurides (e.g., BeTe, MgTe, CaTe, SrTe, BaTe, etc.), and transition metal tellurides (e.g., TiTe₂, ZrTe₂, HfTe₂, V₂Te₃, Nb₂Te₃, Ta₂Te₃, Cr₂Te₃, Mo₂Te₃, W₂Te₃, MnTe, TcTe, ReTe, etc.). FeTe, RuTe, OsTe, CoTe, RhTe, IrTe, NiTe, PdTe, PtTe, Cu2Te, CuTe, Ag2Te, AgTe, Au2Te, etc.), post-transition metal tellurides (e.g., ZnTe, etc.), lanthanide metal tellurides (e.g., LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, etc.), etc.

[0160] [Light-emitting layer in intermediate layer 330] The light-emitting layer may include the quantum dots described in this specification.

[0161] In addition to quantum dots as described in this specification, the light-emitting layer may also include a dispersion medium in which the quantum dots are dispersed in a naturally coordinated manner. The dispersion medium may include organic solvents, polymer resins, or any combination thereof. Any medium may be used as long as it is a transparent medium that does not affect the optical properties of the quantum dots, does not deteriorate due to light or reflect light, and does not cause light absorption. For example, organic solvents may include toluene, chloroform, ethanol, octane, or any combination thereof, and polymer resins may include epoxy resins, silicone resins, polystyrene resins, acrylate resins, or any combination thereof.

[0162] The light-emitting layer can be formed by coating a light-emitting layer forming composition including quantum dots onto a hole transport region and evaporating more than a portion of the solvent included in the light-emitting layer forming composition.

[0163] For example, the solvent can be water, hexane, chloroform, toluene, octane, etc.

[0164] The composition for forming the light-emitting layer can be coated using methods such as spin coating, casting, micro gravure coating, gravure coating, bar coating, roll coating, wire bar coating, dip coating, sprycoat, screen printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, and inkjet printing.

[0165] In the case where the light-emitting element 300 is a full-color light-emitting element, the light-emitting layer may include light-emitting layers that emit light of different colors to each individual sub-pixel.

[0166] For example, the light-emitting layer can be patterned into a first-color light-emitting layer, a second-color light-emitting layer, and a third-color light-emitting layer according to individual sub-pixels. In this case, at least one of the aforementioned light-emitting layers may include quantum dots. Specifically, the first-color light-emitting layer may be a quantum dot light-emitting layer including quantum dots, and the second-color and third-color light-emitting layers may each be organic light-emitting layers including organic compounds. Here, the first color to the third color are different colors from each other; specifically, the light of the first color to the third color may have different maximum emission wavelengths. The light of the first color to the third color can be combined to form white light.

[0167] As another example, the light-emitting layer can also include a fourth color light-emitting layer. At least one of the first to fourth color light-emitting layers can be a quantum dot light-emitting layer comprising quantum dots, and the remaining light-emitting layers can be various variations of organic light-emitting layers comprising organic compounds, etc. Here, the first to fourth colors are different colors from each other; specifically, the light of the first to fourth colors can have different maximum emission wavelengths. The light of the first to fourth colors can be combined to form white light.

[0168] Alternatively, the light-emitting element 300 may have a structure in which two or more light-emitting layers emitting light of the same or different colors are in contact with or spaced apart from each other and stacked. At least one of the two or more light-emitting layers can be a quantum dot light-emitting layer including quantum dots, and the remaining light-emitting layers can be various variations of organic light-emitting layers including organic compounds. Specifically, the light-emitting element 300 includes a first color light-emitting layer and a second color light-emitting layer, where the first color and the second color can be the same color or different colors. More specifically, both the first color and the second color can be green or blue.

[0169] In addition to quantum dots, the light-emitting layer may also include one or more compounds selected from organic compounds and semiconductor compounds.

[0170] Specifically, the organic compound may include a host and a dopant. The host and the dopant may include host and dopant typically used in organic light-emitting devices.

[0171] Specifically, the semiconductor compound may be an organic perovskite and / or an inorganic perovskite.

[0172] [Electron transport region of intermediate layer 330] The electron transport region may have the following structures: i) a monolayer structure consisting of a single layer composed of a single substance; ii) a monolayer structure consisting of a single layer containing multiple different substances; or iii) a multilayer structure including multiple layers containing multiple different substances.

[0173] The electron transport region may include, but is not limited to, at least one layer selected from a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron conditioning layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.

[0174] For example, the electron transport region may have a structure consisting of an electron transport layer / electron injection layer, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer, an electron modulation layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer, etc., stacked sequentially from the light-emitting layer, but is not limited thereto.

[0175] The electron transport region may include conductive metal oxides or organic materials. The conductive metal oxides may include, for example, ZnO (ZnMgO) doped with ZnO, TiO2, WO3, SnO2, In2O3, Nb2O5, Fe2O3, CeO2, SrTiO3, Zn2SnO4, BaSnO3, In2S3, ZnSiO, PC60BM, PC70BM, or Mg; ZnO (AZO) doped with Al; ZnO (GZO) doped with Ga; ZnO (IZO) doped with In; and ZnO doped with Al. TiO2, Ga-doped TiO2, In-doped TiO2, Al-doped WO3, Ga-doped WO3, In-doped WO3, Al-doped SnO2, Ga-doped SnO2, In-doped SnO2, Mg-doped In2O3, Al-doped In2O3, Ga-doped In2O3, Mg-doped Nb2O5, Al-doped Nb2O5, Ga-doped Nb2O5, Mg-doped Fe2O3 O3, Al-doped Fe2O3, Ga-doped Fe2O3, In-doped Fe2O3, Mg-doped CeO2, Al-doped CeO2, Ga-doped CeO2, In-doped CeO2, Mg-doped SrTiO3, Al-doped SrTiO3, Ga-doped SrTiO3, In-doped SrTiO3, Mg-doped Zn2SnO4, Al-doped Zn2SnO4, Ga-doped Zn2 SnO4, In-doped Zn2SnO4, Mg-doped BaSnO3, Al-doped BaSnO3, Ga-doped BaSnO3, In-doped BaSnO3, Mg-doped In2S3, Al-doped In2S3, Ga-doped In2S3, In-doped In2S3, Mg-doped ZnSiO, Al-doped ZnSiO, Ga-doped ZnSiO, In-doped ZnSiO, or any combination thereof.

[0176] The organic matter may include compounds represented by the following chemical formula 601.

[0177] <Chemical Formula 601> [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21 In the chemical formula 601, Ar 601 and L 601 Independent of each other, for at least one R 10a C3-C, whether substituted or not 60 The carbocyclic group or is surrounded by at least one R10a C1-C, whether substituted or not 60 Heterocyclic groups, xe11 is 1, 2 or 3, xe1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, R 601 For being at least one R 10a C3-C, whether substituted or not 60 Carbocyclic group, with at least one R 10a C1-C, whether substituted or not 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 601 (Q) 602 (Q) 603 -C(=O)(Q) 601 -S(=O)2(Q) 601 ) or -P(=O)(Q 601 (Q) 602 ), for the Q 601 To Q 603 For further details regarding Q, please refer to the section on Q in this manual. 11 The description states that xe21 is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and the Ar... 601 L 601 and R 601 At least one of them can be independently of each other as a result of at least one R. 10a Nitrogen-containing C1-C atoms with substituted or unsubstituted electrons 60 Cyclic groups.

[0178] For example, in the case where xe11 is 2 or more in the chemical formula 601, two or more Ar 601 They can be connected to each other using a single key.

[0179] As another example, in the chemical formula 601, Ar 601 It can be an anthracene group that has been substituted or not.

[0180] As yet another example, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by the following chemical formula 601-1: <Chemical Formula 601-1>

[0181] In the chemical formula 601-1, X 614 For N or C(R) 614 ), X 615 For N or C(R) 615 ), X 616 For N or C(R) 616 ), X 614 To X 616 At least one of them is N, for L 611 To L 613The descriptions refer to the L respectively. 601 The descriptions of xe611 to xe613 refer to the description of xe1, and the descriptions of R... 611 To R 613 The descriptions refer to the descriptions of R respectively. 601 The explanation, R 614 To R 616 They can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkyl group, with at least one R 10a C3-C, whether substituted or not 60 The carbocyclic group or is surrounded by at least one R 10a C1-C, whether substituted or not 60 Heterocyclic groups.

[0182] For example, in the chemical formula 601 and the chemical formula 601-1, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 can be 0, 1 or 2 independently of each other.

[0183] The electron transport region may include one of the following compounds ET1 to ET45, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP: 2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen: 4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), Alq3, BAlq, TAZ, NTAZ, or any combination thereof:

[0184]

[0185]

[0186] .

[0187] The thickness of the electron transport region can be from about 100 Å to about 5,000 Å (e.g., from about 160 Å to about 4,000 Å). When the electron transport region includes a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron conditioning layer, an electron transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, or electron conditioning layer can be independently from about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å (e.g., from about 30 Å to about 300 Å), and the thickness of the electron transport layer can be from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å (e.g., from about 150 Å to about 500 Å). When the thickness of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, electron conditioning layer, electron transport layer, and / or the electron transport region meets the ranges described above, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without substantially increasing the driving voltage.

[0188] The electron transport region (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may include a metallic material in addition to the material described above.

[0189] The metal-containing substance may include alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof. The metal ion of the alkali metal complex may be Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs ions, and the metal ion of the alkaline earth metal complex may be Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba ions. The ligands coordinated to the metal ions of the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal complexes may independently include hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthrene, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0190] For example, the metal-containing substance may include a Li complex. The Li complex may, for example, include the following compounds: ET-D1 (LiQ) or ET-D2.

[0191] The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode 350. The electron injection layer may be in direct contact with the second electrode 350.

[0192] The electron injection layer may have the following structures: i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer composed of a single substance; ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer containing multiple different substances; or iii) a multi-layer structure having multiple layers containing multiple different substances.

[0193] The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof.

[0194] The alkali metal may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal may include Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any combination thereof. The rare earth metal may include Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, Gd, or any combination thereof.

[0195] The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound may include oxides, halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, etc.), tellurides of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal, respectively, or any combination thereof.

[0196] The alkali metal compound may include alkali metal oxides such as Li2O, Cs2O, K2O, etc., alkali metal halides such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, KI, etc., or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal compound may include BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1), Ba x Ca 1-xAlkaline earth metal compounds such as O (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1). The rare earth metal-containing compound may include YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, TbI3, or any combination thereof. Alternatively, the rare earth metal-containing compound may include lanthanide metal tellurides. Examples of the lanthanide metal tellurides may include LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, SmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, La2Te3, Ce2Te3, Pr2Te3, Nd2Te3, Pm2Te3, Sm2Te3, Eu2Te3, Gd2Te3, Tb2Te3, Dy2Te3, Ho2Te3, Er2Te3, Tm2Te3, Yb2Te3, Lu2Te3, etc.

[0197] The alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, and rare earth metal complex may include: i) one of the ions of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earth metal as described above; and ii) as ligands bound to the metal ion, for example, hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyl oxazole, hydroxyphenyl thiazole, hydroxyphenyl oxadiazole, hydroxyphenyl thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl pyridine, hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0198] The electron injection layer may consist only of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, alkali metal-containing compound, alkaline earth metal-containing compound, rare earth metal-containing compound, alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof as described above, or may further include an organic substance (for example, the compound represented by Chemical Formula 601).

[0199] According to one implementation example, the electron injection layer may i) consist of an alkali metal-containing compound (for example, an alkali metal halide), or ii) consist of a) an alkali metal-containing compound (for example, an alkali metal halide); and b) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, or any combination thereof. For example, the electron injection layer may be a KI:Yb co-deposited layer, a RbI:Yb co-deposited layer, a LiF:Yb co-deposited layer, etc.

[0200] In the case where the electron injection layer further includes an organic substance, the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, alkali metal-containing compound, alkaline earth metal-containing compound, rare earth metal-containing compound, alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in a matrix including the organic substance.

[0201] The thickness of the electron injection layer can be from about 1 Å to about 100 Å, or from about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer meets the ranges described above, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without substantially increasing the driving voltage.

[0202] [Second Electrode 350] A second electrode 350 is arranged on the upper part of the intermediate layer 330 as described above. The second electrode 350 can be a cathode that serves as an electron injection electrode. In this case, a metal, alloy, conductive compound, or any combination thereof with a low work function can be used as the material for the second electrode 350.

[0203] The second electrode 350 may include lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ytterbium (Yb), silver-ytterbium (Ag-Yb), ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof. The second electrode 350 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

[0204] The second electrode 350 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers.

[0205] [Optical Components] The quantum dots can be used in a variety of optical components. Therefore, according to another aspect, an optical component including the quantum dots is provided.

[0206] According to one implementation example, the optical component may be a light control unit.

[0207] According to another implementation, the optical component may be a color filter, a color conversion component, a cover layer, a light extraction efficiency enhancement layer, a selective light absorption layer, or a polarization layer.

[0208] [Electronic Device 1] The quantum dot can be used in a variety of electronic devices. Therefore, according to one aspect, an electronic device including the quantum dot is provided.

[0209] According to one embodiment, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a light source; and a color conversion component arranged in the path of light emitted from the light source, wherein the quantum dot is included in the color conversion component.

[0210] [Explanation of FIG4] FIG4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the electronic device 200 according to the implementation example. The electronic device 200 of FIG4 includes: a substrate 210; a light source 220 disposed on the substrate 210; and a color conversion component 230 disposed on the light source 220.

[0211] For example, the light source 220 may be a backlight unit (BLU) for a liquid crystal display (LCD), a fluorescent lamp, a light-emitting element, an organic light-emitting element, or a quantum dot light-emitting element (QLED), or any combination thereof. The color conversion component 230 may be arranged in at least one direction of travel of the light emitted from the light source 220.

[0212] At least one region of the color conversion component 230 of the electronic device 200 may include the quantum dot, which can absorb light emitted from the light source 220 and emit green light with a maximum emission wavelength in the range of 500 nm to 650 nm.

[0213] At this time, the color conversion component 230 is arranged in at least one direction of travel of the light emitted from the light source 220, which does not exclude the possibility that other elements may be included between the color conversion component 230 and the light source 220.

[0214] For example, a polarizing plate, a liquid crystal layer, a light guide plate, a diffuser plate, a prism sheet, a microlens sheet, a brightness enhancement sheet, a reflective film, a color filter, or any combination thereof may be further arranged between the light source 220 and the color conversion component 230.

[0215] As another example, the color conversion component 230 may be further provided with a polarizing plate, a liquid crystal layer, a light guide plate, a diffuser plate, a prism sheet, a microlens sheet, a brightness enhancement sheet, a reflective film, a color filter, or any combination thereof.

[0216] The electronic device 200 shown in Figure 4 is an example of a device according to the above implementation example. It can have a variety of known forms and can therefore include a variety of known configurations.

[0217] According to another implementation, the electronic device may include a structure in which a light source, a light guide plate, a color conversion component, a first polarizing plate, a liquid crystal layer, a color filter, and a second polarizing plate are arranged in sequence.

[0218] According to another implementation, the electronic device may include a structure in which a light source, a light guide plate, a first polarizing plate, a liquid crystal layer, a second polarizing plate, and a color conversion component are arranged in sequence.

[0219] In the above implementation example, the color filter may include pigments or dyes. In the implementation example, one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate may be a vertical polarizing plate, and the other may be a horizontal polarizing plate.

[0220] [Electronic Device 2] The quantum dot and the light-emitting element including the quantum dot can be included in various electronic devices. For example, the electronic device including the quantum dot and the light-emitting element including the quantum dot can be a light-emitting device, an authentication device, etc.

[0221] The electronic device (e.g., a light-emitting device) may further include, in addition to the light-emitting element 300,: i) a color filter; ii) a color conversion layer; or iii) a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter and / or color conversion layer may be arranged in the direction of travel of at least one of the light emitted from the light-emitting element 300. For example, the light emitted from the light-emitting element 300 may be green light, blue light, or white light. The description of the light-emitting element 300 refers to the description above. According to one implementation, the color conversion layer may include quantum dots. The quantum dots may, for example, be quantum dots as described in this specification.

[0222] In addition to the light-emitting element 300 as described above, the electronic device may also include a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, wherein either the source electrode or the drain electrode may be electrically connected to either the first electrode 310 or the second electrode 350 of the light-emitting element 300.

[0223] The thin-film transistor may also include a gate electrode, a gate insulating film, etc.

[0224] The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, organic semiconductors, oxide semiconductors, etc.

[0225] The electronic device may further include a sealing portion for sealing the light-emitting element 300. The sealing portion may be disposed between the color filter and / or color conversion layer and the light-emitting element 300. The sealing portion allows light from the light-emitting element 300 to be extracted to the outside while preventing external air and moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting element 300. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate comprising a transparent glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The sealing portion may be a thin-film encapsulation layer comprising one or more organic and / or inorganic layers. In the case where the sealing portion is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the electronic device may be flexible.

[0226] In addition to the color filter and / or color conversion layer, various functional layers may be additionally arranged on the sealing portion, depending on the purpose of the electronic device. Examples of such functional layers may include a touchscreen layer, a polarization layer, etc. The touchscreen layer may be a pressure-sensitive touchscreen layer, a capacitive touchscreen layer, or an infrared touchscreen layer. The authentication device may, for example, be a biometric authentication device that authenticates an individual by utilizing biometric information from a living organism (e.g., fingertip, pupil, etc.).

[0227] In addition to the light-emitting element 300 as described above, the authentication device may also include a biological information collection unit.

[0228] The electronic device can be applied to various displays, light sources, lighting, personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), portable telephones, digital cameras, electronic manuals, electronic dictionaries, video game consoles, medical instruments (e.g., electronic thermometers, blood pressure monitors, blood glucose meters, pulse measuring devices, pulse wave measuring devices, electrocardiogram display devices, ultrasound diagnostic devices, endoscope display devices), fish finders, various measuring instruments, meters (e.g., meters for vehicles, airplanes, and ships), projectors, etc.

[0229] [Electronic Devices] The quantum dots and light-emitting elements including the quantum dots can be included in various electronic devices.

[0230] For example, electronic devices including the light-emitting element may be one of the following: flat panel display, curved display, computer monitor, medical display, television, billboard, indoor or outdoor lighting and / or signal lights, head-up display, fully transparent or partially transparent display, flexible display, rollable display, foldable display, stretchable display, laser printer, telephone, portable telephone, tablet computer, tablet phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), wearable device, laptop computer, digital camera, camcorder, viewfinder, microdisplay, 3D display, virtual reality display or augmented reality display, vehicle, video wall comprising multiple displays tiled together, theater screen or stadium screen, phototherapy equipment, and signage.

[0231] The light-emitting element has excellent luminous efficiency and long lifespan, therefore, the electronic device including the light-emitting element can have characteristics such as high brightness, high resolution, and low power consumption.

[0232] [Explanation of Figure 5] Figure 5 is a perspective view schematically illustrating an electronic device 1 including a light-emitting element according to an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device 1, as a device for displaying moving or still images, can be not only portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablet personal computers, mobile communication terminals, electronic manuals, e-books, portable multimedia players (PMPs), navigators, and ultra-portable mobile PCs (UMPCs), but can also be a variety of products or parts thereof, such as televisions, laptops, monitors, billboards, or Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Furthermore, the electronic device 1 can be a wearable device or part thereof, such as a smartwatch, watch phone, glasses display, or head-mounted display (HMD). Of course, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the electronic device 1 may include a central information display (CID) arranged on the dashboard and center fascia or instrument panel of the vehicle; an interior mirror display replacing the side mirrors of the vehicle; a rear-seat entertainment device or a display arranged on the back of the front seats; a head-up display (HUD) located in front of the vehicle or projected onto the windshield; or a computer-generated hologram-augmented reality head-up display (CGH AR HUD). For ease of illustration, Figure 5 shows the case where the electronic device 1 is a smartphone.

[0233] The electronic device 1 may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA outside the display area DA. The display device can realize an image by an array of multiple pixels arranged in two dimensions in the display area DA.

[0234] The non-display area NDA, as an area where no image is displayed, can completely surround the display area DA. Drivers and the like, used to provide electrical signals or power to display elements arranged in the display area DA, can be arranged within the non-display area NDA. Pads can also be arranged within the non-display area NDA as areas capable of electrically connecting electronic components or printed circuit boards.

[0235] The lengths of the electronic device 1 in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction can be different from each other. For example, as illustrated in FIG5, the length in the x-axis direction can be shorter than the length in the y-axis direction. In another example, the length in the x-axis direction can be the same as the length in the y-axis direction. In yet another example, the length in the x-axis direction can be longer than the length in the y-axis direction.

[0236] [Explanation of Figures 6 and 7a to 7c] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing the exterior of a vehicle 1000 as an electronic device including a light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figures 7a to 7c are schematic diagrams showing the interior of a vehicle 1000 according to various embodiments of the present invention.

[0237] Referring to Figures 6, 7a, 7b, and 7c, vehicle 1000 can represent a variety of devices for moving a transported object, such as a person, object, or animal, from a point of origin to a destination. Vehicle 1000 may include vehicles that travel on roads or tracks, ships that move on the sea or river, and aircraft that fly in the sky using the action of air.

[0238] Vehicle 1000 can travel on roads or tracks. Vehicle 1000 can move in a predetermined direction depending on the rotation of at least one wheel. For example, vehicle 1000 may include three-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicles, construction machinery, two-wheeled vehicles, prime movers, bicycles, and trains traveling on tracks.

[0239] Vehicle 1000 may include a body with internal and external devices, and a chassis, which is the remaining part excluding the body, and is equipped with the mechanical devices required for driving. The external devices of the body may include a front skid plate, hood, roof panel, rear skid plate, trunk, and pillars located at the boundaries between doors. The chassis of vehicle 1000 may include a power generation device, a power transmission device, a running gear, a steering device, a braking device, a suspension device, a transmission device, a fuel system, and front, rear, left, and right wheels.

[0240] Vehicle 1000 may include side window glass 1100, front window glass 1200, side mirror 1300, instrument cluster 1400, central instrument panel 1500, passenger seat instrument panel 1600, and display device 2.

[0241] The side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200 can be separated by a pillar arranged between the side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200.

[0242] Side window 1100 may be disposed on the side of vehicle 1000. In one embodiment, side window 1100 may be disposed on a door of vehicle 1000. Multiple side windows 1100 may be provided and may face each other. In one embodiment, side window 1100 may include a first side window 1110 and a second side window 1120. In one embodiment, the first side window 1110 may be arranged adjacent to instrument panel 1400. The second side window 1120 may be arranged adjacent to passenger-side instrument panel 1600.

[0243] In one embodiment, the side window panes 1100 may be spaced apart from each other along the x-axis or the -x-axis. For example, the first side window pane 1110 and the second side window pane 1120 may be spaced apart from each other along the x-axis or the -x-axis. In other words, the virtual straight line L connecting the side window panes 1100 may extend along the x-axis or the -x-axis. For example, the virtual straight line L connecting the first side window pane 1110 and the second side window pane 1120 may extend along the x-axis or the -x-axis.

[0244] The front windshield 1200 can be positioned in front of the vehicle 1000. The front windshield 1200 can be positioned between the side windows 1100 facing each other.

[0245] The side mirror 1300 provides a rearward view of the vehicle 1000. The side mirror 1300 can be an external device mounted on the vehicle body. In one embodiment, multiple side mirrors 1300 can be provided. One of the multiple side mirrors 1300 can be positioned on the outer side of the first side window 1110. Another of the multiple side mirrors 1300 can be positioned on the outer side of the second side window 1120.

[0246] The instrument panel 1400 can be located in front of the steering wheel. The instrument panel 1400 can include a tachometer, speedometer, coolant temperature gauge, fuel gauge, steering wheel indicator, high beam indicator, warning lights, seat belt warning lights, odometer, dashcam, automatic transmission selector lever indicator, door open warning light, oil warning light and / or low fuel warning light.

[0247] The central dashboard 1500 may include a control panel with multiple buttons for adjusting audio equipment, air conditioning equipment, and seat heaters. The central dashboard 1500 may be located on one side of the instrument panel 1400.

[0248] The passenger-side instrument panel 1600 may be separated from the instrument cluster 1400 by the center instrument panel 1500. In one embodiment, the instrument cluster 1400 may be arranged corresponding to the driver's seat (not shown), and the passenger-side instrument panel 1600 may be arranged corresponding to the passenger seat (not shown). In one implementation, the instrument cluster 1400 may be adjacent to the first side window 1110, and the passenger-side instrument panel 1600 may be adjacent to the second side window 1120.

[0249] In one embodiment, the display device 2 may include a display panel 3 that can display images. The display device 2 may be arranged inside the vehicle 1000. In one embodiment, the display device 2 may be arranged between side windows 1100 facing each other. The display device 2 may be arranged in at least one of the instrument panel 1400, the center instrument panel 1500, and the passenger-side instrument panel 1600.

[0250] Display device 2 may include organic light-emitting display devices, inorganic electroluminescent display devices, quantum dot display devices, etc. Hereinafter, an organic light-emitting display device including a light-emitting element according to the present invention will be used as an example of display device 2 according to one embodiment of the present invention. However, in embodiments of the present invention, display devices of various types as described above may be used.

[0251] Referring to FIG7a, the display device 2 may be arranged in the central instrument panel 1500. In one embodiment, the display device 2 may display navigation information. In another embodiment, the display device 2 may display information related to audio, video, or vehicle settings.

[0252] Referring to Figure 7b, the display device 2 can be arranged on the instrument panel 1400. In this case, the instrument panel 1400 can display operating information, etc., via the display device 2. That is, the instrument panel 1400 can be implemented digitally. The digital instrument panel 1400 can display vehicle information and driving information as images. For example, the tachometer needle and gauges, as well as various warning light icons, can be displayed via digital signals.

[0253] Referring to FIG7c, the display device 2 can be arranged in the passenger-side instrument panel 1600. The display device 2 can be embedded in the passenger-side instrument panel 1600 or located on the passenger-side instrument panel 1600. In one embodiment, the display device 2 arranged in the passenger-side instrument panel 1600 can display images related to the information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the information displayed on the central instrument panel 1500. In another embodiment, the display device 2 arranged in the passenger-side instrument panel 1600 can display information different from the information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the information displayed on the central instrument panel 1500.

[0254] [Definition of Terms] In this specification, C3-C 60 A carbocyclic group is a cyclic group consisting of 3 to 60 carbon atoms, formed using only carbon as the ring-forming atom. (C1-C) 60 Heterocyclic groups refer to cyclic groups with 1 to 60 carbon atoms, including heteroatoms as cyclic atoms in addition to carbon. The C3-C... 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups can be either monocyclic groups consisting of a single ring or polycyclic groups consisting of two or more rings condensed together. For example, the C1-C 60 The number of cyclic atoms in a heterocyclic group can range from 3 to 61.

[0255] In this specification, the cyclic group includes the C3-C... 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 60 Both heterocyclic groups.

[0256] In this specification, electron-rich C3-C 60 Cyclic groups (ð electron-rich C3-C) 60 (cyclic group) refers to a group that does not include -N= As a cyclic group with 3 to 60 carbon atoms in the cyclic part, the electron-depleted nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 Cyclic groups (ð electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C) 60 A cyclic group refers to a group that includes -N= Heterocyclic groups having 1 to 60 carbon atoms as the cyclic moiety.

[0257] For example, the C3-C 60The carbocyclic group can be: i) group T1; or ii) a condensed cyclic group formed by the condensation of two or more groups T1 together (e.g., cyclopentadienyl group, adamantyl group, norbornel group, phenyl group, pentene group, naphthyl group, chamomile cyclic group, indole group, acenaphthene group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluoranthene group, benzo[9,10]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, styrene group, perylene group, pentanene group, heptaphenyl group, tetraphenyl group, styrene group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, rutin group, styrene group, ovoid group, indole group, fluorene group, spirodifluorene group, benzo[2]fluorene group, indole[3]phenanthrene group, or indole[4]anthracene group), wherein C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups can be: i) group T2; ii) condensed ring groups formed by the condensation of two or more groups T2; or iii) condensed ring groups formed by the condensation of one or more groups T2 and one or more groups T1 (e.g., pyrrole group, thiophene group, furan group, indole group, benzo[a]indole group, naphtho[a]indole group, isoindole group, benzo[a]isoindole group, naphtho[a]isoindole group, benzo[a]thiophene group, benzo[a]furan group, etc.). Benzyl group, carbazole group, dibenzothiophene group, dibenzofuran group, indole-carbazole group, indolo-carbazole group, benzofuran-carbazole group, benzothiophene-carbazole group, benzothiophene-carbazole group, benzoindolo-carbazole group, benzocarbazole group, benzonaphthiophene group, benzonaphthiophene group, benzofuran-dibenzofuran group, benzofuran-dibenzothiophene ... Thiophene dibenzothiophene group, pyrazole group, imidazole group, triazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, oxadiazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, thiaazole group, benzopyrazole group, benzimidazole group, benzoxazole group, benziisoxazole group, benzothiazole group, benziisothiazole group, pyridine group, pyrimidine group, pyrazine group, pyridazine group, triazine group, quinoline group, isoquinoline group, benzoquinoline group, benziiso Quinoline group, quinoxaline group, benzoquinoxaline group, quinazoline group, benzoquinazoline group, phenanthrene group, cyclophosphine group, phthalazine group, naphthidine group, imidazopyridine group, imidazopyrimidine group, imidazotriazine group, imidazopyridine group, imidazopyridazine group, imidazopyridazine group, azacarbazole group, azafluorene group, azadibenzothiophene group, azadibenzothiophene group, azadibenzofuran group, etc.), the electron-rich C3-C 60 The cyclic group can be: i) group T1; ii) a condensed cyclic group consisting of two or more groups T1 condensed together; iii) group T3; iv) a condensed cyclic group consisting of two or more groups T3 condensed together; or v) a condensed cyclic group consisting of one or more groups T3 and one or more groups T1 condensed together (e.g., the C3-C group). 60Carbocyclic groups, 1H-pyrrole groups, thiorrole groups, borole groups, 2H-pyrrole groups, 3H-pyrrole groups, thiophene groups, furan groups, indole groups, benzoindole groups, naphthoindole groups, isoindole groups, benzoisoindole groups, naphthoisoindole groups, benzothiorrole groups, benzothiophene groups, benzofuran groups, carbazole groups, dibenzothiorrole groups, dibenzothiophene groups, dibenzothiophene groups, dibenzothiophene groups Furan group, indole-carbazole group, indolo-carbazole group, benzofuran-carbazole group, benzothiophene-carbazole group, benzothiophene-carbazole group, benzoindolo-carbazole group, benzocarbazole group, benzonaphthiophene group, benzonaphthiophene group, benzofuran-dibenzofuran group, benzofuran-dibenzothiophene group, benzothiophene-dibenzothiophene group, etc.), the electron-depleted nitrogen-containing C1-C 60The cyclic group can be: i) group T4; ii) a condensed cyclic group formed by the condensation of two or more groups T4; iii) a condensed cyclic group formed by the condensation of one or more groups T4 and one or more groups T1; iv) a condensed cyclic group formed by the condensation of one or more groups T4 and one or more groups T3; or v) a condensed cyclic group formed by the condensation of one or more groups T4, one or more groups T1, and one or more groups T3 (e.g., pyrazole group, imidazole group, triazole group, oxazole group, etc.). Isoxazole group, oxadiazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, thiadiazole group, benzopyrazole group, benzimidazole group, benzoxazole group, benziisoxazole group, benzothiazole group, benziisothiazole group, pyridine group, pyrimidine group, pyrazine group, pyridazine group, triazine group, quinoline group, isoquinoline group, benzoquinoline group, benzoisoquinoline group, quinoxaline group, benzoquinoxaline group, quinazoline group, benzoquinazoline group, phenanthrene group, cyclophosphine group, phthalazine group, naphthidyl group Groups such as imidazopyridine, imidazopyrimidine, imidazotriazine, imidazopyrazine, imidazopyridazine, azacarbazole, azafluorene, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzofuran, etc., wherein group T1 can be cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclopentadiene, cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene, cycloheptene, gold Adamantane group, norbornane (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane) group, norbornene group, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane group, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane group, bicyclo[2. ...2] An octyl group or a phenyl group, wherein the group T2 may be a furan group, a thiophene group, a 1H-pyrrole group, a thiorrole group, a borole group, a 2H-pyrrole group, a 3H-pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a triazole group, a tetraazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an azirthiazole group, an azirborole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrazine group, a triazine group, a tetraazine group, a pyrrole alkyl group, an imidazole alkyl group, a dihydropyrrole group, a piperidine group, a tetrahydropyridine group, a dihydropyridine group, a hexahydropyrimidine group, a tetra ... The group T3 can be a furan group, thiophene group, 1H-pyrrole group, thiophene group, or borole group, and the group T4 can be a 2H-pyrrole group, 3H-pyrrole group, imidazole group, pyrazole group, triazole group, tetraazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, oxadiazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, thiadiazole group, azathiazole group, azaborole group, pyridine group, pyrimidine group, pyrazine group, pyridazine group, triazine group, or tetraazine group.

[0258] The terms cyclic group, C3-C in this specification 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, electron-rich C3-C 60 Cyclic groups or electron-depleted nitrogen-containing C1-C groups 60 A cyclic group refers to a group whose structure, according to the chemical formula used in this term, is condensed with any cyclic group. It can be a monovalent group or a polyvalent group (e.g., a divalent group, a trivalent group, a tetravalent group, etc.). For example, a "phenyl group" can be a benzo[a] group, a phenyl group, a phenylene group, etc., which can be readily understood by those skilled in the art based on the structure of a chemical formula that includes a "phenyl group".

[0259] For example, unit price C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and monovalent C1-C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups can include C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic groups, and monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic groups; divalent C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and divalent C1-C60 Examples of heterocyclic groups can include C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 Hypoaryl groups, divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic groups, and divalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic groups.

[0260] In this specification, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups refer to monovalent groups in straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbons having 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Specific examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, tert-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, 3-pentyl, sec-isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, tert-hexyl, n-heptyl, isohexyl, sec-heptyl, tert-heptyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl, tert-octyl, n-nonyl, isononyl, sec-nonyl, tert-nonyl, n-decyl, isodel, sec-decyl, tert-decyl, etc. The C1-C groups in this specification... 60 Alkylene refers to a group having a C1-C... 60 Divalent groups with the same structure as alkyl groups.

[0261] In this specification, C2-C 60 Alkenyl refers to the group at C2-C 60 The alkyl group includes one or more monovalent hydrocarbon groups comprising a carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the end; specific examples include vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, etc. In this specification, C2-C... 60 alkenyl groups refer to those having a similar structure to the C2-C group. 60 Divalent groups with the same structure as alkenyl groups.

[0262] In this specification, C2-C 60 Alkyne refers to the group at C2-C 60 Alkyl groups, either in the middle or at the end, include one or more monovalent hydrocarbon groups comprising a carbon-carbon triple bond; specific examples include ethynyl and propynyl groups. In this specification, C2-C... 60 The alkynyl group refers to the group having a similar structure to the C2-C group. 60 Divalent groups with the same structure as alkynyl groups.

[0263] In this specification, C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups refer to those with -OA 101 (where A) 101 It is the C1-C 60 Alkyl groups are monovalent groups in the chemical formula of alkyl groups, and specific examples include methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, etc.

[0264] In this specification, C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon cyclic group with 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Specific examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantanyl, norbornanyl (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl), bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, etc. In this specification, C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene refers to compounds with C3-C66 atoms. 10 Divalent groups with the same structure as cycloalkyl groups.

[0265] In this specification, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups refer to monovalent cyclic groups with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, including at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms. Specific examples include 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, etc. In this specification, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl refers to a group having a C1-C2 structure similar to the aforementioned C1-C2. 10 Divalent groups with the same structure as heterocyclic alkyl groups.

[0266] In this specification, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups refer to monovalent cyclic groups with 3 to 10 carbon atoms. They represent groups containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond within the ring but lacking aromaticity. Specific examples include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl. In this specification, C3-C... 10 Cycloalkylene refers to the group that is related to the C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups are divalent groups with the same structure.

[0267] In this specification, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups refer to monovalent cyclic groups with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, including at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms, and possessing at least one double bond within the ring. The C1-C... 10 Specific examples of heterocyclic alkenyl groups include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxarizolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl, etc. In this specification, C1-C... 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups refer to those having the same C1-C... 10 Divalent groups with the same structure as heterocyclic alkenyl groups.

[0268] In this specification, C6-C 60 Aryl groups are monovalent groups in carbocyclic aromatic systems with 6 to 60 carbon atoms, C6-C. 60 A aryl group refers to a divalent group in a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. The C6-C... 60 Specific examples of aryl groups include phenyl, cyclopentadienyl, naphthyl, chamomilecycloyl, indole, acenaphthel, phenanthyl, anthracene, fluoranthyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthyl, pyrene, cyclopentyl, perylene, pentylenyl, hepta-enyl, tetraphenyl, stylenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubiginyl, closanyl, ovylphenyl, etc. In the C6-C... 60 Aryl and C6-C 60 When a aryl group comprises two or more rings, the two or more rings can be condensed together.

[0269] In this specification, C1-C 60 A heteroaryl group is a monovalent group in a heterocyclic aromatic system that includes at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to a carbon atom and has 1 to 60 carbon atoms, C1-C. 60 A heteroaryl group refers to a divalent group in a heterocyclic aromatic system that, in addition to a carbon atom, includes at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom and has 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The C1-C... 60 Specific examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, benzo[a]quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzo[a]isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzo[a]quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzo[a]quinazolinyl, cenolinyl, phenanthrolinel, phthalazinyl, naphthidyl, etc. In the C1-C... 60 heteroaryl and C1-C 60 When a heteroaryl group comprises two or more rings, the two or more rings can condense together.

[0270] In this specification, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group refers to a monovalent group in which two or more rings are condensed together, and the cyclic atoms consist only of carbon atoms, and the entire molecule possesses non-aromaticity (e.g., having 8 to 60 carbon atoms). Specific examples of such monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic groups include indenyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, indo[a]phenanthryl, indo[a]anthrayl, etc. In this specification, a divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

[0271] In this specification, a non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group refers to a group of two or more rings condensed together, which includes at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms, and the entire molecule is a non-aromatic monovalent group (e.g., having 1 to 60 carbon atoms). Specific examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic groups include pyrrolyl, thiophene, furanyl, indoleyl, benzoindoleyl, naphthoindoleyl, isoindoleyl, benzoisoindoleyl, naphthoisoindoleyl, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazoleyl, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, azacarbazoleyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzofuranyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiadiazole. The term "divalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic group" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic group. In this specification, a divalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic group refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic group.

[0272] In this specification, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group refers to -OA 102 (where A) 102 It is the C6-C 60 Aryl), the C6-C 60 Arylthio refers to -SA 103 (where A) 103 It is the C6-C 60 Aryl).

[0273] In this instruction manual, "C7-C" 60 "Aryl group" refers to -A 104 A 105 (where A) 104 It is C1-C 54 Alkylene, A 105 It is C6-C 59 Aryl), C2-C in this specification 60 Heteroaryl refers to -A 106 A 107 (where A)106 It is C1-C 59 Alkylene, A 107 It is C1-C 59 (Mild aryl).

[0274] In this specification, "R" 10a "Can be: deuterium (-D), -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, or nitro; [can be] deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof replacing or not replacing C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 Alkyl groups; replaced by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q)21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 C3-C, or any combination thereof, may or may not be substituted. 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroaryl alkyl; or -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ), or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ).

[0275] In this specification, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 And Q 31 To Q 33 They can be independently identified as: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; C1-C 60 Alkyl; C2-C 60 Alkenyl; C2-C 60 Alkyne group; C1-C 60 alkoxy groups, or those represented by deuterium, -F, cyano, or C1-C groups. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, or any combination thereof substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C7-C 60 arylalkyl or C2-C 60 Heteroarylalkyl.

[0276] In this specification, a heteroatom refers to any atom other than a carbon atom. Examples of heteroatoms include O, S, N, P, Si, B, Ge, Se, or any combination thereof.

[0277] In this specification, the third-row transition metals include hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), and gold (Au).

[0278] In this specification, "Ph" refers to phenyl, "Me" refers to methyl, "Et" refers to ethyl, and "tert-Bu" or "Bu" refers to ethyl. t "" refers to tert-butyl, and "OMe" refers to methyl methacrylate (MMA).

[0279] In this specification, "biphenyl" refers to a "phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group". The "biphenyl" belongs to the category where the substituent is "C6-C". 60 "Aryl" is "substituted phenyl".

[0280] In this specification, "terphenyl" refers to "a phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group". The "terphenyl" belongs to the category where the substituent is "C6-C". 60 Aryl-substituted C6-C 60 "Aryl" is "substituted phenyl".

[0281] In this specification, unless otherwise defined, and This refers to the binding site of an adjacent atom in the corresponding chemical formula or part thereof.

[0282] The following describes a quantum dot according to an embodiment of the present invention in more detail through examples.

[0283] [Experimental Example] Comparative Experiment Example 1: Synthesis of AgIn0.5Ga0.5S quantum dots (AgIn) 0.5 Ga 0.5 (S-core synthesis) 0.2 mmol of AgI, 0.5 mmol of InI3 and 0.5 mmol of GaI3 were placed in a three-neck flask with 5 ml of oleylamine (OLA) and 5 ml of 1-octadecene (ODE) and mixed. The mixture was then degassed at 120 °C for 30 minutes and stirred to prepare the reaction solution.

[0284] Under a nitrogen (N2) atmosphere, 1.0 mmol of sulfur-oleylamine and 0.2 mmol of 1-dodecanethiol were added to the reaction solution, the temperature was raised to 230°C, maintained for 1 hour, and then cooled to room temperature to synthesize AgIn. 0.5 Ga 0.5 S-quantum dots.

[0285] The synthesized AgIn 0.5 Ga 0.5 S quantum dots were diluted in toluene and purified by precipitation with ethanol.

[0286] Comparative Experiment Example 2: Synthesis of AgIn0.5Ga0.5S / ZnS quantum dots (AgIn) 0.5 Ga 0.5 (S-core synthesis) AgIn was synthesized using the same method as in Comparative Experiment Example 1. 0.5 Ga 0.5 S-core.

[0287] (Synthesis of ZnS shell) 1.0 mmol of purified AgIn 0.5 Ga 0.5 S-quantum dots were dispersed in toluene, then mixed with 1.0 mmol of S-oleylamine and degassed at 120 °C. Subsequently, 1.6 mmol of zinc acetate (Zn(OAc)2) and 2.27 mmol of trioctylphosphine sulfide (TOP-S) were added, and the mixture was reacted at above 280 °C for 20 minutes to achieve the desired effect in AgIn. 0.5 Ga 0.5 A ZnS shell is formed above the core of the S quantum dot.

[0288] Comparative Experiment Example 3: Synthesis of AgIn0.5Ga0.5S / CuIn0.1Ga0.9S / ZnS quantum dots (AgIn) 0.5 Ga 0.5 (S-core synthesis) AgIn was synthesized using the same method as in Comparative Experiment Example 1. 0.5 Ga 0.5 S-core.

[0289] (CuIn) 0.1 Ga 0.9 Synthesis of the S-shell) using purified 1.0 mmol of AgIn 0.5 Ga 0.5 S quantum dots were dispersed in toluene, and then 0.5 mmol of CuI, 1.0 mmol of InI3 and 9.0 mmol of GaI3 were placed in a three-neck flask along with 5 ml of oleylamine (OLA) and 5 ml of 1-octadecene (ODE) and mixed. The mixture was then degassed at 120 °C for 30 minutes and stirred to prepare the reaction solution.

[0290] In the above reaction solution, under a nitrogen (N2) atmosphere, 10 mmol of S-oleylamine and 3 mmol of 1-dodecanethiol were added. The solution was heated to 230°C, maintained for 2 hours, and then cooled to room temperature. The solution was then reacted with AgIn... 0.5 Ga0.5 CuIn was synthesized above the core of the S quantum dot. 0.1 Ga 0.9 S-shell.

[0291] (Synthesis of ZnS shell) The same method as that used in Comparative Example 1 for synthesizing the ZnS shell was employed in AgIn... 0.5 Ga 0.5 S core / CuIn 0.1 Ga 0.9 A ZnS shell was synthesized on top of the S shell.

[0292] Experimental Example 1: Synthesis of AgIn0.5Ga0.5S / CuIn0.3Ga0.7S / ZnS quantum dots Besides in the synthesis of CuIn 0.3 Ga 0.7 In addition to replacing 0.5 mmol, 1.0 mmol, and 9.0 mmol of CuI, InI3, and GaI3 with 0.5 mmol, 3.0 mmol, and 7.0 mmol respectively in the shell, the content of AgIn used in Comparative Experiment 3 was also different. 0.5 Ga 0.5 S / CuIn 0.1 Ga 0.9 The same method was used to synthesize AgIn from S / ZnS quantum dots. 0.5 Ga 0.5 S / CuIn 0.3 Ga 0.7 S / ZnS quantum dots.

[0293] Experimental Example 2: Synthesis of AgIn0.5Ga0.5S / CuIn0.6Ga0.4S / ZnS quantum dots Besides in the synthesis of CuIn 0.6 Ga 0.4 In addition to replacing 0.5 mmol, 1.0 mmol, and 9.0 mmol of CuI, InI3, and GaI3 with 0.5 mmol, 6.0 mmol, and 4.0 mmol respectively in the shell, the content of AgIn used in Comparative Experiment 3 was also different. 0.5 Ga 0.5 S / CuIn 0.1 Ga 0.9 The same method was used to synthesize AgIn from S / ZnS quantum dots. 0.5 Ga 0.5 S / CuIn 0.6 Ga 0.4 S / ZnS quantum dots.

[0294] Comparative Experiment Example 4: Synthesis of AgIn0.9Ga0.1S Quantum Dots (AgIn) 0.9 Ga 0.1(S-core synthesis) Except for replacing 0.2 mmol, 0.5 mmol, and 0.5 mmol with 0.2 mmol, 0.9 mmol, and 0.1 mmol of AgI, InI3, and GaI3 respectively, the AgIn content used in Comparative Experiment Example 1 was the same. 0.5 Ga 0.5 The same method was used to synthesize AgIn from the S-core. 0.9 Ga 0.1 S-core.

[0295] Comparative Experiment Example 5: Synthesis of AgIn0.9Ga0.1S / ZnS quantum dots Besides in the synthesis of AgIn 0.9 Ga 0.1 Aside from replacing 0.2 mmol, 0.5 mmol, and 0.5 mmol with 0.2 mmol, 0.9 mmol, and 0.1 mmol of AgI, InI3, and GaI3 respectively, AgIn was synthesized using the same method as the quantum dot synthesis method in Comparative Example 2. 0.9 Ga 0.1 S / ZnS quantum dots.

[0296] Comparative Experiment Example 6: Synthesis of AgIn0.9Ga0.1S / CuIn0.3Ga0.7S / ZnS quantum dots Besides in the synthesis of AgIn 0.9 Ga 0.1 When synthesizing the S-core, the contents of AgI, InI3, and GaI3 were replaced by 0.2 mmol, 0.5 mmol, and 0.1 mmol, respectively, to replace 0.2 mmol, 0.5 mmol, and 0.5 mmol. Furthermore, during the synthesis of CuIn... 0.3 Ga 0.7 Apart from replacing 0.5 mmol, 1.0 mmol, and 9.0 mmol of CuI, InI3, and GaI3 with 0.5 mmol, 3.0 mmol, and 7.0 mmol respectively in the S shell, AgIn was synthesized using the same method as the quantum dot synthesis method in Experimental Example 1. 0.9 Ga 0.1 S / CuIn 0.3 Ga 0.7 Quantum dots of S / ZnS.

[0297] Experimental Example 3: Synthesis of AgIn0.9Ga0.1S / CuIn0.6Ga0.4S / ZnS quantum dots Besides in the synthesis of AgIn 0.9 Ga 0.1 When synthesizing the S-core, the contents of AgI, InI3, and GaI3 were replaced by 0.2 mmol, 0.5 mmol, and 0.1 mmol, respectively, to replace 0.2 mmol, 0.5 mmol, and 0.5 mmol. Furthermore, during the synthesis of CuIn... 0.6 Ga 0.4Apart from replacing 0.5 mmol, 1.0 mmol, and 9.0 mmol of CuI, InI3, and GaI3 with 0.5 mmol, 6.0 mmol, and 4.0 mmol respectively in the S shell, AgIn was synthesized using the same method as the quantum dot synthesis method in Experimental Example 2. 0.9 Ga 0.1 S / CuIn 0.6 Ga 0.4 Quantum dots of S / ZnS.

[0298] Experimental Example 4: Synthesis of AgIn0.9Ga0.1S / CuIn0.8Ga0.2S / ZnS quantum dots Besides in the synthesis of CuIn 0.8 Ga 0.2 Aside from replacing 0.5 mmol, 1.0 mmol, and 9.0 mmol of CuI, InI3, and GaI3 with 0.5 mmol, 8.0 mmol, and 2.0 mmol respectively in the S shell, AgIn was synthesized using the same method as the quantum dot synthesis method in Experimental Example 3. 0.9 Ga 0.1 S / CuIn 0.8 Ga 0.2 S / ZnS quantum dots.

[0299] Evaluation example: Evaluation of the photoluminescence properties of quantum dots For the quantum dots of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 and Examples 1 to 4, 0.2 ml of quantum dots were dispersed in 2.8 ml of toluene in a quartz cuvette, and the photoluminescence (PL) spectra and quantum yield of the quantum dots were measured. The PL spectra were measured using a PL spectrometer (FluoroMax, Horiba) and a UV-VIS spectrometer (Lambda 365+, PerkinElmer), obtaining the maximum emission wavelength and full width at half maximum (FWHM) from the PL spectra. The excitation wavelength was 450 nm. The quantum yield was evaluated using an absolute quantum yield measurement apparatus (QE-2100, Otsuka). The quantum yield retention rate was expressed as a percentage of the quantum yield after exposing a solution with an optical density of 1.0 to 200 nits of blue light (460 nm) relative to the quantum yield before exposure.

[0300] The quantum dots of Comparative Test Examples 1 to 3, Test Example 1 and Test Example 2 emit light in the green region with a maximum photoluminescence wavelength between about 500 nm and 550 nm, while the quantum dots of Comparative Test Examples 4 to 6, Test Example 3 and Test Example 4 emit light in the blue region with a maximum photoluminescence wavelength between about 610 nm and 640 nm.

[0301] Figure 8 is a graph showing the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the quantum dots prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. Figure 9 is a graph showing the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the quantum dots prepared in Comparative Example 3, Example 1, and Example 2. Figure 10 is a graph showing the quantum yield (QY) retention rate of the quantum dots prepared according to the exposure time from Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 3, Example 1, and Example 2.

[0302] Table 2 shows the maximum photoluminescence wavelength, full width at half maximum (FWHM), quantum yield, and quantum yield retention rate after 2 hours of exposure for comparative test examples 1 to 3, test example 1, and test example 2.

[0303] [Table 2]

[0304] Referring to Figure 8 and Table 2, only AgIn 0.5 Ga 0.5 The quantum dots in Comparative Example 1, composed of S-cores, exhibited a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 36 nm, but their quantum yield was as low as 60%, and the quantum yield retention was extremely low, at only 14%. In AgIn... 0.5 Ga 0.5 The quantum yield and quantum yield retention of the quantum dots in Comparative Example 2, which formed a ZnS shell on an S core, were 81% and 78%, respectively, a significant improvement compared to Comparative Example 1. However, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) was 96 nm, more than 2.5 times wider. In other words, the quantum dots in Comparative Example 1 had a narrow FWHM in their photoluminescence spectrum, but insufficient quantum yield and quantum yield retention. The quantum dots in Comparative Example 2 had improved quantum yield and quantum yield retention, but a significantly increased FWHM, resulting in reduced color reproducibility.

[0305] Referring to Figure 9 and Table 2, the quantum dots of Experimental Example 3 and Experimental Examples 1 and 2 are all in AgIn. 0.5 Ga 0.5 Between the S core and the ZnS shell lies CuIn with different compositions. x Ga 1-x The quantum dots exhibited an S-shell structure, and compared to Comparative Example 1, both showed improved quantum yield and quantum yield retention, while compared to Comparative Example 2, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) was narrower. Furthermore, compared to the quantum dot of Comparative Example 3, the quantum dots of Examples 1 and 2 demonstrated superior FWHM, quantum yield, and quantum yield retention. This is attributed to the smaller band gap of the shell structure compared to the core structure of the quantum dots in Examples 1 and 2.

[0306] Referring to Figure 10, it is shown that the quantum yield retention rate of the quantum dot in Comparative Test Example 1 decreases sharply with exposure time, and the degree of decrease in quantum yield retention rate with exposure time gradually increases in the order of Comparative Test Example 2, Comparative Test Example 3, Test Example 1, and Test Example 2.

[0307] Table 3 shows the maximum photoluminescence wavelength, full width at half maximum (FWHM), quantum yield, and quantum yield retention rate after 2 hours of exposure for comparative test examples 4 to 6, test example 3, and test example 4.

[0308] Table 3

[0309] Referring to Table 3, only AgIn 0.9 Ga 0.1 The quantum dots in Comparative Example 4, composed of S-cores, exhibited a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 42 nm, but their quantum yield was as low as 60%, with a very low quantum yield retention of only 17%. In AgIn... 0.9 Ga 0.1 The quantum yield and quantum yield retention of the quantum dots in Comparative Example 5, which formed a ZnS shell on an S core, were 84%, a significant improvement compared to Comparative Example 4. However, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) increased by 2.4 times to 102 nm. In other words, the quantum dots in Comparative Example 4 had a narrow FWHM in their photoluminescence spectrum, but insufficient quantum yield and quantum yield retention. The quantum dots in Comparative Example 5 had improved quantum yield and quantum yield retention, but a significantly increased FWHM, resulting in reduced color reproducibility.

[0310] Referring again to Table 3, it is shown that the quantum dots in comparative test example 6 and test examples 3 and 4 are all in AgIn 0.9 Ga 0.1 Between the S core and the ZnS shell lies CuIn with different compositions. x Ga 1-x Compared to Comparative Example 4, the S-shell quantum dots exhibit improved quantum yield and quantum yield retention, while compared to Comparative Example 5, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is narrower. Furthermore, compared to the quantum dots of Comparative Example 6, the quantum dots of Examples 3 and 4 demonstrate superior FWHM, quantum yield, and quantum yield retention. This is attributed to the smaller band gap of the shell compared to the core in the quantum dots of Examples 3 and 4.

Claims

1. A quantum dot, comprising: The nucleus includes group I elements, group III elements, group VI elements, and gallium; The first shell comprises group I elements, group III elements, group VI elements, and gallium, and covers the core; and a second shell covering the first shell, wherein the band gaps of the core, the first shell, and the second shell satisfy the following equations (1) and (2): EB SHELL1 <EB CORE (1) EB CORE <EB SHELL2 (2) In equations (1) and (2), EB CORE It is the band gap of the nucleus, EB SHELL1 It is the band gap of the first shell, EB SHELL2 It is the band gap of the second shell.

2. The quantum dot as described in claim 1, wherein, The group I elements of the core and the first shell are independently copper, silver, gold, or combinations thereof.

3. The quantum dot as described in claim 1, wherein, The group I elements of the core are different from the group I elements of the first shell.

4. The quantum dot as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The group III elements of the core and the first shell are independently aluminum, indium, thallium, or combinations thereof.

5. The quantum dot as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The group VI elements of the core and the first shell are independently sulfur, selenium, tellurium, or combinations thereof.

6. The quantum dot as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The core includes Ag, In, Ga, and S.

7. The quantum dot as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The first housing comprises Cu, In, Ga, and S.

8. The quantum dot as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The nucleus contains AgIn x Ga 1-x The composition of S (0 < x < 1), the first shell having CuIn y Ga 1-y The composition of S (0 < y < 1).

9. The quantum dot as claimed in claim 8, wherein, The quantum dots satisfy any one of the following conditions (1) to (7): (1) When the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0 < x ≤ 0.2), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0 < y < 1); (2) When the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.2 < x ≤ 0.3), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0.1 ≤ y < 1); (3) When the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.3 < x ≤ 0.4), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0.2 ≤ y < 1); (4) When the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.4 < x ≤ 0.6), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y [[ID=3']]Ga 1-y S (0.3 ≤ y < 1); (5) When the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.6 < x ≤ 0.7), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1-y S (0.4 ≤ y < 1); (6) When the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.7 < x ≤ 0.8), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga<^ 1-y S (0.5 ≤ y < 1); (7) When the core has a composition of AgIn x Ga 1-x S (0.8 < x < 1), the first shell has a composition of CuIn y Ga 1- y S (0.6 ≤ y < 1).

10. The quantum dot of claim 1, wherein, The second shell comprises a group II-VI compound, a group III-VI compound, or any combination thereof.

11. The quantum dot of claim 1, wherein, The second shell comprises ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, ZnMg, ZnMgSe, ZnMgS, ZnMgAl, GaSe, GaTe, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InAs, InSb, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, MnS, MnSe, MgS, and MgSe.

12. The quantum dot of claim 1, wherein, The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the photoluminescence spectrum of the quantum dot at an incident wavelength of 450 nm is less than 60 nm.

13. The quantum dot of claim 1, wherein, The diameter of the core is in the range of 2nm to 8nm.

14. The quantum dot of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the first shell is in the range of 1 nm to 2 nm, and the thickness of the second shell is in the range of 0.3 nm to 2 nm.

15. The quantum dot of claim 1, wherein, The surface of the quantum dot includes organic ligands or metal halides.

16. An optical component comprising the quantum dot as described in any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. An electronic device comprising the quantum dot according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

18. The electronic device of claim 17, comprising: light source; And a color conversion component, arranged in the path of light emitted from the light source; wherein the quantum dot is included in the color conversion component.

19. An electronic device comprising the electronic device according to claim 17.

20. The electronic device of claim 19, wherein, The electronic device is one of the following: flat panel display, curved display, computer monitor, medical display, television, billboard, indoor lighting, outdoor lighting, signal light, head-up display, fully transparent display, partially transparent display, flexible display, rollable display, foldable display, stretchable display, laser printer, telephone, portable telephone, tablet computer, tablet phone, personal digital assistant, wearable device, laptop computer, digital camera, camcorder, viewfinder, microdisplay, 3D display, virtual reality display or augmented reality display, vehicle, video wall comprising multiple displays tiled together, theater screen, sports field screen, phototherapy equipment, and signage.

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