A down exhaust air down intake type non-attending biomass ultrahigh-temperature pyrolysis carbonization furnace

Abstract

The application discloses a biomass superhigh-temperature pyrolysis carbonization furnace with lower smoke exhaust and lower air inlet, and relates to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis carbonization, which comprises a furnace body, a furnace cover, an air inlet, a smoke exhaust elbow and a temperature control alarm device. The outer wall of the furnace body is made of a steel plate structure, and an insulating layer is arranged in the furnace body. At least four air inlets are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the furnace body and used for air supply from the bottom of the furnace. A smoke exhaust elbow is arranged at the lower part of the furnace body, and the lower edge of the smoke exhaust elbow is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet. A support is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body and used for supporting a carbon cage. The temperature control alarm device is arranged at at least one air inlet. The furnace body structure combining lower air inlet with lower smoke exhaust is adopted, and the insulating layer and the temperature control alarm device in the furnace are matched, so that the ordered heat transfer from top to bottom and the full recycling of the furnace gas in the biomass carbonization process are realized. Therefore, the pyrolysis efficiency and the fixed carbon conversion rate are remarkably improved under the premise of ensuring the uniformity of carbonization and the quality of finished products.

Description

A bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake, unattended ultra-high temperature biomass pyrolysis carbonization furnace Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biomass pyrolysis and carbonization technology, specifically to a bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake type, maintenance-free ultra-high temperature biomass pyrolysis and carbonization furnace. Background Technology

[0002] A biomass carbonization furnace is a device that converts biomass raw materials into biochar through high-temperature pyrolysis under oxygen-deficient or oxygen-deficient conditions. This process not only produces high-value-added solid fuels but is also an important way to realize the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste. Traditional carbonization furnaces, especially multi-unit kilns with brick-concrete structures, generally adopt a top-exhaust structure. In actual long-term high-temperature operation, this structure is prone to furnace body cracking and cross-venting between adjacent kiln bodies, affecting operation and control. At the same time, since the pyrolysis process takes place from top to bottom, heat is difficult to effectively transfer to the bottom layer, easily causing uneven carbonization of materials and incomplete carbonization of the bottom layer. In addition, during the high-temperature carbonization stage, it is often necessary to open the top exhaust port and connect an external chimney to ignite the overflowing gas to enhance convection. This method leads to a large amount of gas escaping and being wasted, insufficient heat inside the furnace, difficulty in stabilizing the high-temperature carbonization temperature above 850℃, and the risk of over-burning of the already formed carbonized layer due to localized high temperatures. These problems seriously restrict carbonization efficiency and product quality, especially affecting the carbonization qualification rate of herbaceous biomass briquettes with low density and poor structural strength.

[0003] To address these technical problems, a bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake, unattended ultra-high temperature biomass pyrolysis and carbonization furnace was designed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake, unattended biomass ultra-high temperature pyrolysis carbonization furnace, which solves the technical problems mentioned in the background section.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake, unattended biomass ultra-high temperature pyrolysis carbonization furnace, comprising a furnace body, a furnace cover, an air inlet, an exhaust elbow, and a temperature control alarm device; the outer wall of the furnace body is a steel plate structure with an internal insulation layer; at least four air inlets are evenly distributed at the bottom of the furnace body for supplying air from the bottom; an exhaust elbow is provided at the lower part of the furnace body, with the lower edge of the exhaust elbow higher than the upper edge of the air inlet; a support is provided at the bottom of the furnace body for supporting the charcoal cage; and the temperature control alarm device is provided at at least one of the air inlets.

[0006] Preferably, the furnace interior cavity is a cuboid or cylindrical structure, and the furnace cover is shaped to match the furnace interior cavity, being square or circular.

[0007] Preferably, the furnace cover is provided with multiple temperature measurement and observation holes with sealing caps, and the edge of the furnace cover is provided with a downwardly extending vertical edge, which is inserted into a concave groove provided on the upper edge of the furnace body and sealed by filling with sealing material.

[0008] Preferably, the outer wall of the furnace body is provided with reinforcing ribs, and footboards are provided on the reinforcing ribs to form an operating platform.

[0009] Preferably, the furnace body has vertical grooves at its four corners, the bottom of which is flush with the inner wall of the insulation layer and has outward-turned edges to enhance the adhesion between the insulation layer and the outer wall of the furnace body.

[0010] Preferably, the inner wall of the insulation layer is uniformly distributed with multiple T-shaped anchors to prevent the insulation layer from falling off.

[0011] Preferably, the temperature control alarm device includes a temperature sensor and a buzzer, which automatically issues an alarm when the furnace temperature reaches the set value.

[0012] Preferably, the height of the support is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet, and an annular gap is left between the charcoal cage and the inner wall of the furnace body for flue gas circulation and heat exchange.

[0013] Preferably, the preset first alarm temperature in the temperature control alarm device is 450℃, which is used to prompt the operator to adjust the air intake. In the later stage of the carbonization process, the carbonization endpoint is determined by opening the temperature measurement observation hole and inserting a portable thermometer or by visual observation. The portable thermometer is a non-contact infrared thermometer, which is used to measure the temperature of the material or flame color in the furnace in stages through the temperature measurement observation hole.

[0014] Beneficial Effects: This invention provides a bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake, unattended ultra-high temperature biomass pyrolysis carbonization furnace. The furnace structure combines bottom air intake and bottom exhaust, along with internal insulation and temperature control alarm devices. This achieves orderly heat transfer from top to bottom and full recycling of fuel gas during biomass carbonization, significantly improving pyrolysis efficiency and fixed carbon conversion rate while ensuring carbonization uniformity and product quality. This structure effectively avoids common problems in traditional carbonization furnaces, such as localized overheating, gas leakage, and insufficient carbonization at the bottom. It is particularly suitable for the carbonization production of herbaceous biomass briquettes, simplifying operation and reducing reliance on personnel skills while achieving a stable and controllable high-temperature carbonization process. It features energy saving, high yield, stable operation, and ease of promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake, unattended biomass ultra-high temperature pyrolysis carbonization furnace according to the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Furnace body; 2. Furnace cover; 3. Air inlet; 4. Exhaust elbow; 5. Temperature control alarm device; 6. Insulation layer; 7. Support frame; 8. Charcoal cage; 9. Temperature measurement observation hole; 10. Vertical edge; 11. Concave groove; 12. Reinforcing rib; 13. Foot plate; 14. Vertical groove; 15. T-shaped anchor. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please refer to Figure 1. This invention provides a technical solution: a bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake, unattended biomass ultra-high temperature pyrolysis carbonization furnace, comprising a furnace body 1, a furnace cover 2, an air inlet 3, an exhaust elbow 4, and a temperature control alarm device 5. The outer wall of the furnace body 1 is a steel plate structure, and an internal insulation layer 6 is provided. At least four air inlets 3 are evenly provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1 for supplying air from the bottom of the furnace. An exhaust elbow 4 is provided at the lower part of the furnace body 1, and the lower edge of the exhaust elbow 4 is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 3. A support 7 is provided at the bottom of the interior of the furnace body 1 for supporting the charcoal cage 8. The temperature control alarm device 5 is provided at at least one of the air inlets 3.

[0019] In this embodiment, the inner cavity of the furnace body 1 is a cuboid or cylindrical structure, and the shape of the furnace cover 2 matches the inner cavity of the furnace body, being a square or a circle.

[0020] In this embodiment, the furnace cover 2 is further configured to have multiple temperature measurement and observation holes 9 with sealing caps, and the edge of the furnace cover is provided with a downwardly extending vertical edge 10. The vertical edge 10 is inserted into the concave groove 11 provided on the upper edge of the furnace body and is sealed by filling with sealing material.

[0021] In this embodiment, the outer wall of the furnace body 1 is provided with reinforcing ribs 12, and footboards 13 are provided on the reinforcing ribs 12 to form an operating platform.

[0022] In this embodiment, the furnace body 1 is further configured such that there are vertical grooves 14 at the four corners, the bottom of the grooves 14 is flush with the inner wall of the insulation layer 6, and there are outwardly turned edges to enhance the bonding strength between the insulation layer and the outer wall of the furnace body.

[0023] In this embodiment, the inner wall of the insulation layer 6 is further provided with a plurality of T-shaped anchors 15 evenly distributed to prevent the insulation layer from falling off.

[0024] In this embodiment, the temperature control alarm device 5 is further configured to include a temperature sensor and a buzzer, which automatically issues an alarm when the temperature inside the furnace reaches the set value.

[0025] In this embodiment, the support 7 is further configured such that its height is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet 3, and an annular gap is left between the charcoal cage 8 and the inner wall of the furnace body for flue gas circulation and heat exchange.

[0026] In this embodiment, the first alarm temperature preset in the temperature control alarm device 5 is 450℃, which is used to prompt the operator to adjust the air intake. In the later stage of the carbonization process, the carbonization endpoint is determined by opening the temperature measurement observation hole 9 and inserting a portable thermometer or by visual observation. The portable thermometer is a non-contact infrared thermometer, which is used to measure the temperature of the material or flame color in the furnace in stages through the temperature measurement observation hole 9. Its detailed connection means are known in the art. The working principle and process are mainly introduced below. The specific work is as follows.

[0027] Example: The carbonization furnace is a single-unit structure, mainly including furnace body 1, furnace cover 2, air inlet 3, flue bend 4, temperature control alarm device 5, insulation layer 6, support 7 and charcoal cage 8.

[0028] The furnace body 1 is welded from steel plates and has an internal aluminum silicate insulation layer 6 of appropriate thickness. Four air inlets 3 are evenly distributed at the bottom of the furnace body 1, each equipped with an adjustable opening and closing mechanism for precise control of the air supply from the bottom. Exhaust elbows 4 are symmetrically arranged around the lower part of the furnace body 1, with their installation height designed to always be higher than the upper edge of the air inlets 3, forming a stable downward airflow and exhaust gas distribution, promoting the downward flow and complete combustion of pyrolysis gases within the furnace. To address the issue of wood tar condensation during biomass pyrolysis, the exhaust elbows 4 employ a quick-detachable flange connection and have a tar removal port with a sealing cover at the bottom of the elbow; simultaneously, a high-temperature resistant, non-stick coating is applied to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe to effectively reduce tar adhesion and facilitate regular maintenance and cleaning.

[0029] The support 7 at the bottom of the furnace body 1 is made of heat-resistant cast iron and is used to support multiple layers of charcoal cages 8. A calculated annular gap is maintained between the charcoal cages 8 and the inner wall of the furnace body to ensure that the hot airflow can pass evenly through the material layer and achieve efficient heat transfer.

[0030] The furnace cover 2 is a steel sealing structure with multiple temperature measurement and observation holes 9 with sealing caps. The edge of the furnace cover is machined with a downward-extending vertical edge 10, which can be tightly inserted into a specially designed concave groove 11 on the upper edge of the furnace body. A reliable dynamic seal is achieved by filling it with sealing materials such as clay, which can adapt to thermal expansion and contraction and effectively prevent air leakage.

[0031] An intelligent temperature control alarm device 5 is installed at one of the air inlets 3. The device adopts a dual-stage temperature control mode: the first stage has a preset alarm temperature of 450℃. When the temperature inside the furnace reaches this value, an audible and visual alarm is triggered, prompting the operator to simultaneously increase the opening of the air inlet 3 and the exhaust system to enhance ventilation inside the furnace; the second stage alarm temperature is set according to the specific characteristics of the biomass raw materials (e.g., 880℃ for bamboo-based raw materials). When this peak temperature is reached, another alarm is triggered, prompting the kiln to be sealed.

[0032] The entire carbonization process is characterized by intelligent control with "two alarms and two interventions": After loading biomass fuel, the pyrolysis process is initiated through natural ventilation via the bottom air inlet 3. When the temperature control alarm device 5 issues its first alarm, the operator adjusts the ventilation parameters according to procedures; when the second alarm is issued, all air inlets 3 are immediately closed and the exhaust system is sealed, allowing the furnace to enter an oxygen-free cooling stage. During the time between the two alarms, the system operates completely automatically without supervision.

[0033] The innovative design of this carbonization furnace gives it multiple advantages: the bottom air intake and bottom exhaust structure significantly improves heat utilization efficiency and carbonization uniformity; the dual-stage temperature control system transforms the traditional experience-based carbonization process into standardized operation; the anti-clogging exhaust design ensures long-term stable operation of the equipment; and the overall structure is simple and reliable, greatly reducing the technical requirements for operators.

[0034] It should be noted that in this paper, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

Claims

1. A bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake type, unattended biomass ultra-high temperature pyrolysis carbonization furnace, comprising a furnace body (1), a furnace cover (2), an air inlet (3), an exhaust elbow (4), and a temperature control alarm device (5), characterized in that: The outer wall of the furnace body (1) is made of steel plate and the interior is provided with a heat insulation layer (6); at least four air inlets (3) are evenly provided at the bottom of the furnace body (1) for supplying air from the bottom of the furnace; a smoke exhaust elbow (4) is provided at the lower part of the furnace body (1), and the lower edge of the smoke exhaust elbow (4) is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet (3); a support (7) is provided at the bottom of the interior of the furnace body (1) for holding the charcoal cage (8); at least one of the air inlets (3) is provided with the temperature control alarm device (5).

2. The bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake, unattended biomass ultra-high temperature pyrolysis carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that... The inner cavity of the furnace body (1) is a cuboid or cylindrical structure, and the shape of the furnace cover (2) matches the inner cavity of the furnace body, being square or circular.

3. The bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake, unattended biomass ultra-high temperature pyrolysis carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that... The furnace cover (2) is provided with multiple temperature observation holes (9) with sealing caps. The edge of the furnace cover is provided with a downwardly extending vertical edge (10). The vertical edge (10) is inserted into the concave groove (11) provided on the upper edge of the furnace body and is sealed by filling with sealing material.

4. The bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake, unattended biomass ultra-high temperature pyrolysis carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that... The furnace body (1) has reinforcing ribs (12) on its outer wall, and footboards (13) are provided on the reinforcing ribs (12) to form an operating platform.

5. A bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake, unattended biomass ultra-high temperature pyrolysis carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that... The furnace body (1) has vertical grooves (14) at its four corners. The bottom of the grooves (14) is flush with the inner wall of the insulation layer (6) and has an outward-turned edge to enhance the bonding strength between the insulation layer and the outer wall of the furnace body.

6. A bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake, unattended biomass ultra-high temperature pyrolysis carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that... The inner wall of the insulation layer (6) is evenly distributed with multiple T-shaped anchors (15) to prevent the insulation layer from falling off.

7. A bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake, unattended biomass ultra-high temperature pyrolysis carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that... The temperature control alarm device (5) includes a temperature sensor and a buzzer, which automatically issues an alarm when the temperature inside the furnace reaches the set value.

8. A bottom-exhaust, bottom-intake, unattended biomass ultra-high temperature pyrolysis carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that... The height of the bracket (7) is higher than the upper edge of the air inlet (3), and there is an annular gap between the charcoal cage (8) and the inner wall of the furnace for flue gas circulation and heat exchange.

9. The biomass pyrolysis carbonization furnace according to claim 7, characterized in that: The preset first alarm temperature in the temperature control alarm device (5) is 450℃, which is used to prompt the operator to adjust the air intake. In the later stage of the carbonization process, the carbonization endpoint is determined by opening the temperature observation hole (9) and inserting a portable thermometer or making a visual observation. The portable thermometer is a non-contact infrared thermometer, which is used to measure the temperature of the material or flame color in the furnace in stages through the temperature observation hole (9).

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