Diamond metasurface ultra-compact type optical tweezers device facing high-power laser and extreme temperature environment and control method of diamond metasurface ultra-compact type optical tweezers device

Abstract

The invention relates to a diamond metasurface ultra-compact optical tweezers device facing high-power laser and an extreme temperature environment and a control method. The device comprises an optical system, a motion control system and an imaging system. The optical system is integrated with a metasurface prepared based on diamond, the device is directly embedded into an optical path, and miniaturization of an optical tweezers system can be greatly promoted while complex non-contact control over particles is achieved. The high thermal conductivity, high damage threshold and excellent thermal stability of the diamond super-structure surface are utilized, so that the diamond super-structure surface still keeps stable optical control performance under long-term irradiation of high-power laser and an extreme temperature environment; therefore, the technical bottleneck that a traditional optical tweezers device and other material super-structure surface optical tweezers devices are difficult to work reliably in a severe environment is solved, and practical application of the optical tweezers technology in wider fields is powerfully promoted.

Description

An ultra-compact optical tweezers device and manipulation method for diamond metasurfaces in high-power laser and extreme temperature environments. Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical manipulation technology, and in particular to an ultra-compact optical tweezers device and manipulation method for diamond metasurfaces in high-power laser and extreme temperature environments. Background Technology

[0002] Optical tweezers are optical systems that utilize optical tweezers technology to capture and manipulate particles at the micrometer and even nanometer scale in a "non-contact" manner. They are widely used in fields such as biomedicine, nanotechnology, and quantum physics. Typically, an optical tweezers device includes a laser source, an optical system, an objective lens, a three-dimensional displacement platform, and an imaging system. For example, Chinese patent application number 201811089102X describes a single-beam laser optical tweezers device based on an upright microscope. In this patent application, the laser source is a semiconductor laser, providing high-power, high-stability laser light for optically capturing and manipulating tiny particles. The optical system includes a mirror and a dichroic mirror, guiding the laser light to the microscope objective and forming an optical potential well to achieve the capture and manipulation of tiny particles. The three-dimensional displacement platform is a movable stage capable of displacing the tiny particles. The imaging system includes a CCD camera and a computer for monitoring the position and movement of the tiny particles.

[0003] However, the optical tweezers device has the following problems: First, complex operation relies on some complex and large-volume equipment, such as spatial light modulators, which increases the size and manufacturing cost of the device, making it difficult to operate the optical tweezers technology efficiently and flexibly in some application scenarios; Second, traditional optical components, such as objective lenses, are easily affected and interfered with by thermal effects under long-term high-power laser irradiation or extreme temperature environments, which leads to a decrease in the device's optical capture capability, stability and control capability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems by proposing an ultra-compact optical tweezers device and control method for diamond metasurfaces in high-power laser and extreme temperature environments.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is: an ultra-compact optical tweezers device with a diamond metasurface for high-power lasers and extreme temperature environments, comprising an optical system, a motion control system, and an imaging system; the optical system includes a diamond metasurface for controlling the laser light field distribution; the diamond metasurface is installed in the optical path formed by the optical system; the metasurface is a subwavelength artificial microstructure that can precisely control the phase and amplitude of light waves at the microscale, thereby achieving functions that are difficult to achieve with traditional optical elements. Combining the metasurface with the optical tweezers device can significantly improve the performance and functional versatility of the optical tweezers device, and provides a new solution for the miniaturization, multifunctionality, and high performance of the optical tweezers device. However, traditional metasurface materials are prone to damage or even failure under continuous irradiation by continuous or high-power lasers, and the performance of metasurfaces made of traditional materials, such as focal length and focusing efficiency, also changes in environments with temperature variations, thus seriously affecting the stability, performance, and service life of the optical tweezers device; the diamond metasurface can effectively solve the above problems, specifically because diamond materials have excellent thermal conductivity, extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion, and a high laser damage threshold. These properties enable diamond metasurfaces to excel in high-power laser and extreme temperature environments, effectively resisting thermal effects and maintaining stable optical performance. Using diamond metasurfaces not only provides effective heat dissipation but also offers a high laser damage threshold, overcoming the key thermal limitations of traditional metasurface-based optical tweezers. Furthermore, it maintains excellent thermal stability, efficiency, and structural integrity even under harsh physical conditions such as high-power laser irradiation and extreme temperature environments. Therefore, diamond metasurface optical tweezers technology allows for more complex and precise optical manipulation functions within a smaller volume.

[0006] Preferably, the imaging system includes a CCD camera and a computer connected to the CCD camera for real-time monitoring and control of the position and motion of microparticles; the optical system also includes: a laser source emitting a laser beam; an illumination source emitting an illumination beam; an objective lens for imaging or focusing the beam to form an optical trap; a reflector to adjust the propagation direction of the laser and collimate it so that it can accurately enter the subsequent optical system; lenses forming a beam-shrinking or beam-expanding system to adjust the diameter of the beam; the beam-shrinking system reduces the beam as much as possible to concentrate as much light as possible on the diamond metasurface; the beam-expanding system increases the beam diameter to reduce the energy density; a filter placed between the CCD camera and the lens to filter out the laser, avoid interference during imaging, and prevent damage to the CCD camera; and a dichroic mirror to make the laser beam and the illumination beam coaxial.

[0007] Furthermore, the laser source is a continuous-wave laser, capable of providing high-power, high-stability laser light for optical capture and manipulation of tiny particles; the continuous-wave laser emits wavelengths of 532nm and 1064nm, with a maximum power of 1W. The wavelength and power of the continuous-wave laser can be selected and adjusted according to different application requirements.

[0008] Furthermore, the lighting source is an LED white light point source; a lens is provided in front of the LED white light point source to allow as much light as possible to be used for imaging illumination.

[0009] Furthermore, the motion control system includes a three-dimensional displacement platform for adjusting the movement of microparticles and ensuring clear imaging of them; lenses 1 and 2 form a beam-contraction system; the diamond metasurface and microparticles are respectively placed on the two three-dimensional displacement platforms; the diamond has several metasurfaces with different functions; by adjusting the three-dimensional displacement platforms on which the diamond metasurfaces are mounted, metasurfaces with different designs can be switched to achieve multiple functions; the movement of microparticles is controlled by the three-dimensional displacement platforms on which the microparticles are mounted, ensuring clear imaging of them; the laser emitted by the laser source is reflected by mirrors 1 and 2, and then, through the beam-contraction system, mirror 3, and dichroic mirror, illuminates the diamond metasurface; the illumination light emitted by the illumination source passes through lens 3, is reflected by the dichroic mirror, and is coaxial with the laser light, illuminating the diamond metasurface; the illumination light and laser light pass through the microparticles on the three-dimensional displacement platform, first through the objective lens, then through mirror 4, and then through lens 4 and a filter before being projected into the CCD camera.

[0010] Furthermore, the motion control system includes a three-dimensional displacement platform and a two-dimensional displacement platform; the three-dimensional displacement platform is used to adjust the motion of the microparticles and to make the microparticles image clear; the optical system also includes a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave plate; the diamond has several metasurfaces with different functions, such as vortex light metasurfaces with different topological charges; the vortex light diamond metasurfaces are mounted on the two-dimensional displacement platform to switch between different metasurfaces to achieve the function of generating vortex light with different topological charges; the microparticles are mounted on the three-dimensional displacement platform; the three-dimensional displacement platform controls the displacement of the microparticles to obtain clearer images; lens 1 and lens 2. A beam expander system is formed. The laser emitted by the laser source passes through the beam expander system, is reflected by mirror 1, and then passes through a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave plate to generate circularly polarized light. It then passes through lens 3 to achieve focusing, and the focal point illuminates the diamond vortex metasurface, allowing the laser to pass through the diamond vortex metasurface as much as possible. The laser then passes through lens 4 to become parallel light, passes through mirrors 2 and 3, and is reflected by a dichroic mirror into the objective lens. The illumination source shines directly onto the microparticle through lens 5, and the image is formed by the objective lens below the microparticle. The formed image passes through the dichroic mirror, mirror 4, lens 6, and filter before entering the CCD camera.

[0011] A method for manipulating the aforementioned ultra-compact optical tweezers device using a diamond metasurface for high-power lasers and extreme temperature environments includes the following steps: ① Constructing an optical system, a motion control system, and an imaging system. The motion control system includes a displacement platform and a three-dimensional displacement platform; the diamond metasurface is mounted on the displacement platform; ② Preparing a microparticle solution; ③ Placing the microparticle solution on the three-dimensional displacement platform; ④ Activating the laser source and illumination source, adjusting the optical system and laser source to focus the laser through the diamond metasurface to form an optical potential well; adjusting the three-dimensional displacement platform on which the microparticle solution is placed to capture and manipulate the microparticles, ensuring clear imaging; the diamond has several metasurfaces with different functions; adjusting the displacement platform on which the diamond metasurface is placed to switch between different designed metasurfaces as needed to perform multiple functional operations, ensuring clear imaging.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The diamond metasurface ultracompact optical tweezers device of the present invention for high-power laser and extreme temperature environment has the following advantages: (1) The diamond metasurface ultracompact optical tweezers device of the present invention achieves complex control of microspheres while miniaturizing the optical tweezers device, and can still maintain optical stability under long-term irradiation of high-power laser and extreme temperature environment, showing broad application prospects; the extreme temperature environment includes extremely high temperature, extremely low temperature and sudden temperature change between extremely high temperature and extremely low temperature; (2) The present invention can realize a variety of manipulation functions by switching different functional metasurfaces on diamond. For example, the present invention can realize the capture control of a single microsphere, or the synchronous capture and control of multiple microspheres. In addition, the present invention can also manipulate microspheres to rotate at different speeds and rotation directions. This multifunctionality of the present invention has broad application prospects in the fields of biomedicine, micro-nano optics, etc., and can meet the diverse needs of microparticle manipulation functions in different scenarios; (3) The present invention utilizes the ultrathin thickness of the metasurface to achieve efficient control of light in a small volume, thereby greatly reducing the volume of the entire optical tweezers device. Compared to traditional optical trapping and manipulation devices, this miniaturized and integrated optical tweezers device can be more easily applied to various miniaturized and highly integrated systems, such as microfluidic chips and biomedical detection chips, greatly improving system integration and portability. This provides a more flexible tool for manipulating and researching the microscopic world, helping to promote technological progress and application expansion in related fields.

[0013] The optical tweezers device is very simple to operate and more flexible, which is conducive to its widespread application. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the diamond metasurface optical tweezers device in Example 1; Figure 2 is a comparison of the focal displacement and temperature changes of the diamond metasurface and the conventional objective lens in Example 1 under different laser powers; Figure 3 is a graph showing the change of focal length of the diamond metasurface with temperature in Example 1; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the diamond metasurface optical tweezers device in Example 2; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the vortex optical diamond metasurface optical tweezers device in Example 3. Detailed Implementation

[0015] Example 1: Referring to Figures 1-3, a diamond metasurface ultracompact optical tweezers device for high-power lasers and extreme temperature environments includes an optical system, a motion control system, and an imaging system. The optical system contains a diamond metasurface for controlling the laser light field distribution. The diamond metasurface is installed in the optical path formed by the optical system. A metasurface is a subwavelength artificial microstructure that can precisely control the phase and amplitude of light waves at the microscale, thereby achieving complex functions that are difficult to achieve with traditional optical elements. Combining metasurfaces with optical tweezers devices can significantly improve the performance and functional versatility of optical tweezers devices, providing a new technical approach for the miniaturization and high performance of optical tweezers devices. However, traditional metasurface materials are prone to damage under continuous irradiation by lasers or high-power lasers, and the performance and stability of metasurfaces made of traditional materials, such as focal length and focusing efficiency, also change in environments with varying temperatures, seriously affecting the capture efficiency and functional stability of optical tweezers devices. Diamond metasurfaces can effectively solve the above problems, specifically because diamond has excellent thermal conductivity, an extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion, and a high laser damage threshold. These properties make diamond outstanding in high-power laser applications, effectively resisting the effects of thermal effects and maintaining stable optical performance. Using diamond metasurfaces not only provides effective heat dissipation but also offers a high laser damage threshold, overcoming the key thermal limitations of optical tweezers devices using traditional metasurfaces. Furthermore, it maintains excellent thermal stability, efficiency stability, and structural integrity even under harsh physical conditions such as high-power laser irradiation and extreme temperature environments. Diamond metasurface optical tweezers enable more complex and precise optical manipulation functions within a smaller volume.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the diamond metasurface optical tweezers device of the present invention achieves complex control of microspheres while miniaturizing the optical tweezers device, and can maintain optical stability under high-power laser irradiation and extreme temperature environments, showing broad application prospects.

[0017] The optical system also includes: a laser source that emits a laser beam; an illumination source that emits an illumination beam; an objective lens for imaging or focusing the beam to form an optical trap; a reflector to adjust the propagation direction of the laser and collimate it so that it can accurately enter the subsequent optical system; a lens to adjust the diameter of the beam; a beam shrinking system to shrink the beam as much as possible so that as much light as possible is concentrated on the diamond metasurface; a beam expanding system to increase the beam diameter and reduce the energy density; a filter placed between the CCD camera and the lens to filter out the laser, avoid interference during imaging, and prevent damage to the CCD camera; and a dichroic mirror to make the laser beam and the illumination beam coaxial.

[0018] The laser source is a continuous-wave laser, capable of providing high-power, high-stability laser light for optical capture and manipulation of tiny particles. This continuous-wave laser emits wavelengths of 532nm and 1064nm, with a maximum power of 1W. The wavelength and power of the continuous-wave laser can be selected and adjusted according to different application requirements.

[0019] The lighting source is an LED white light point source; a lens is provided in front of the LED white light point source to allow as much light as possible to be used for imaging illumination.

[0020] The imaging system includes a CCD camera and a computer connected to the CCD camera, used for real-time monitoring and control of the position and motion of tiny particles.

[0021] The motion control system includes a three-dimensional displacement platform for adjusting the motion of microparticles and enabling clear imaging of them.

[0022] The working process of this embodiment is as follows: First, a microparticle is placed on a three-dimensional displacement platform, and a diamond metasurface is placed on another three-dimensional displacement platform. The optical system is adjusted so that the laser is focused through the diamond metasurface to form an optical potential well. Then, the microparticle is captured and manipulated by controlling the three-dimensional displacement platforms, and the microparticle is clearly imaged. The diamond has several metasurfaces with different functions. The other three-dimensional displacement platform is controlled to switch between different functional metasurfaces as needed to perform various functional operations, such as rotation and translation. During operation, the diamond metasurface can withstand high-power laser irradiation and maintain stable optical performance, ensuring the stable operation of the optical tweezers device.

[0023] In this embodiment, the laser emitted by the laser source is reflected by mirror 1, passes through lens 1, and then through a dichroic mirror before being reflected onto the diamond metasurface. The illumination light emitted by the illumination source is reflected by lens 2, becoming parallel light, and then reflected by mirror 2 again, becoming coaxial with the laser light. It then passes through the dichroic mirror and illuminates the diamond metasurface. The illumination light and laser light passing through the diamond metasurface pass through tiny particles on the three-dimensional displacement platform, first through the objective lens, then through lens 3 and a filter, before being projected into the CCD camera.

[0024] Existing technologies mostly use traditional objectives to control and manipulate microparticles; the objective used in this embodiment is only used for imaging or focusing a beam to form an optical trap; the traditional objective is not the same as the objective used in this embodiment; referring to Figure 2, the higher the laser power, the greater the focal displacement of the traditional objective; the temperature of the traditional objective also increases significantly; while the focal displacement of the diamond metasurface decreases slightly with increasing laser power; the temperature of the diamond metasurface hardly increases with increasing laser power; therefore, the optical tweezers device using the diamond metasurface is more suitable for high-power laser irradiation environments. Referring to Figure 3, within the temperature range of -50℃ to 400℃, the focal length of the diamond metasurface remains almost stable; therefore, the optical tweezers device using the diamond metasurface is more suitable for extreme temperature environments.

[0025] Example 2: Referring to Figure 4, Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, and the similarities will not be repeated. The differences are: Lens 1 and Lens 2 form a beam-contraction system; the diamond metasurface and the microparticles are respectively placed on two three-dimensional displacement platforms; the diamond has several metasurfaces with different functions; by adjusting the three-dimensional displacement platforms on which the diamond metasurfaces are installed, different designs of metasurfaces can be switched to achieve different functions; the movement of the microparticles is controlled by the three-dimensional displacement platforms on which the microparticles are installed, and the microparticles are imaged clearly; the laser emitted by the laser source is reflected by mirrors 1 and 2, and then shines on the diamond metasurface through the beam-contraction system, mirror 3, and dichroic mirror; the illumination light emitted by the illumination source is transformed into parallel light by lens 3, and then reflected by the dichroic mirror, becoming coaxial with the laser, and shining on the diamond metasurface; the illumination light and the laser pass through the microparticles on the three-dimensional displacement platform, first through the objective lens, then through mirror 4, and then through lens 4 and filter before being projected into the CCD camera.

[0026] This embodiment is used for diamond metasurface optical tweezers for single microsphere manipulation and parallel manipulation of four microspheres.

[0027] Example 3: Referring to Figure 5, Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, and the similarities will not be repeated. The differences are: the ultra-compact optical tweezers device for diamond metasurfaces in high-power laser and extreme temperature environments also includes a two-dimensional displacement platform; the optical system also includes a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave plate; the diamond has several metasurfaces with different functions; the diamond vortex optical metasurface is mounted on the two-dimensional displacement platform to switch between metasurfaces with different topological charges to generate vortex lasers with different topological charges; microparticles are mounted on a three-dimensional displacement platform; the three-dimensional displacement platform controls the displacement of the microparticles to obtain clearer imaging; through... Lens 1 and Lens 2 form a beam expanding system. The laser emitted from the laser source passes through the beam expanding system, is reflected by mirror 1, and then passes through a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave plate to generate circularly polarized light. It then passes through lens 3 to achieve focusing, and the focal point illuminates the diamond vortex metasurface, allowing the laser to pass through the diamond vortex metasurface as much as possible. The laser then passes through lens 4 to become parallel light, passes through mirrors 2 and 3, and is reflected by a dichroic mirror into the objective lens. The illumination source shines directly onto the microparticle through lens 5, and the image is formed by the objective lens below the microparticle. The formed image passes through the dichroic mirror, through lens 6 and a filter, and enters the CCD camera.

[0028] This embodiment uses vortex optical diamond metasurface optical tweezers to drive the rotation of microspheres.

[0029] Example 4: A method for manipulating an ultra-compact optical tweezers device with a diamond metasurface for high-power lasers and extreme temperature environments, as described in any of Examples 1 to 3, comprising the following steps: ① Constructing an optical system, a motion control system, and an imaging system. The motion control system includes a displacement platform and a three-dimensional displacement platform; the diamond metasurface is mounted on the displacement platform; ② Preparing a microparticle solution. 2.1 Obtaining dry and clean glass slides and coverslips. The glass slides and coverslips used for sample preparation are sequentially placed in acetone, anhydrous ethanol, and deionized water, and ultrasonically cleaned for 15 minutes each using an ultrasonic oscillator. During the cleaning process, ultrasonic oscillation can effectively remove impurities and contaminants from the surface of the glass slides and coverslips, ensuring their surface cleanliness; the cleaned glass slides and coverslips are removed, and residual moisture is blown off the surface with nitrogen gas for later use. Nitrogen gas drying can avoid water stains and ensure that the surface of the glass slides and coverslips is dry; 2.2 Obtaining a diluted microparticle solution. The microparticle stock solution is diluted with deionized water to reduce the concentration of the solution so that the number of microparticles is in a suitable state during observation and manipulation. The particles are then vibrated in an ultrasonic oscillator for 10 minutes to ensure that the microparticles are diluted and dispersed more thoroughly in the solution, avoiding adhesion and forming a diluted microparticle solution.

[0030] 2.3 Double-sided tape of the same thickness is adhered around the perimeter of the coverslip. This creates a sealed space between the slide and the coverslip, allowing the solution containing tiny particles to be stably preserved and facilitating manipulation with optical tweezers.

[0031] 2.4 Use a disposable dropper to draw a small amount of the diluted microparticle solution; use the disposable dropper to drop 2-3 drops onto the surface of the prepared glass slide; cover the glass slide with a coverslip to obtain the microparticle sample, which is then prepared for optical tweezers.

[0032] ③ Place the microparticle solution onto a three-dimensional displacement platform; ④ Activate the laser source and illumination source to focus the laser through the diamond metasurface to form an optical potential well; adjust the three-dimensional displacement platform on which the microparticle solution is placed to capture and manipulate the microparticles and ensure clear imaging; the diamond has several metasurfaces with different functions; adjust the displacement platform on which the diamond metasurface is placed to switch between different metasurfaces as needed to perform multiple functions and ensure clear imaging.

[0033] Example 5: Example 5 is basically the same as Example 4, and the similarities will not be repeated. The difference is that the optical system built in step ① is the optical system shown in Example 2; the displacement platform is a three-dimensional displacement platform.

[0034] Example 6: Example 6 is basically the same as Example 4, and the similarities will not be repeated. The differences are: the optical system built in step ① is the optical system shown in Example 3; the displacement platform is a two-dimensional displacement platform; and the diamond metasurface is a diamond vortex optical metasurface.

Claims

1. A diamond metasurface ultracompact optical tweezers device for high-power lasers and extreme temperature environments, comprising an optical system, a motion control system, and an imaging system; characterized in that, The optical system includes a diamond metasurface used to control the light field distribution of the laser; the diamond metasurface is installed in the optical path formed by the optical system.

2. The ultra-compact optical tweezers device for high-power lasers and extreme temperature environments using diamond metasurfaces as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The imaging system includes a CCD camera and a computer connected to the CCD camera; the optical system also includes: a laser source that emits a laser beam; an illumination source that emits an illumination beam; an objective lens for imaging or focusing the beam to form an optical trap; a mirror that adjusts the propagation direction of the laser and collimates it so that it can accurately enter the subsequent optical system; lenses that form a beam-shrinking or beam-expanding system to adjust the diameter of the beam; the beam-shrinking system reduces the beam as much as possible to concentrate as much light as possible on the diamond metasurface; the beam-expanding system increases the beam diameter and reduces the energy density; a filter placed between the CCD camera and the lens to filter out the laser, avoid interference during imaging, and prevent damage to the CCD camera; and a dichroic mirror to make the laser beam and the illumination beam coaxial.

3. The ultra-compact optical tweezers device for high-power lasers and extreme temperature environments using diamond metasurfaces as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The motion control system includes a three-dimensional displacement platform; lenses 1 and 2 form a beam-contraction system; the diamond metasurface and the manipulated microparticles are respectively placed on the two three-dimensional displacement platforms; the laser emitted by the laser source is reflected by mirrors 1 and 2, and then passes through the beam-contraction system, mirror 3, and dichroic mirror to illuminate the diamond metasurface; the illumination light emitted by the illumination source passes through lens 3, is reflected by the dichroic mirror, and is coaxial with the laser to illuminate the diamond metasurface; the illumination light and the laser pass through the microparticles on the three-dimensional displacement platform, first through the objective lens, then through mirror 4, and then through lens 4 and filter to be projected into the CCD camera.

4. The ultra-compact optical tweezers device for high-power lasers and extreme temperature environments with diamond metasurfaces as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The motion control system includes a three-dimensional displacement platform and a two-dimensional displacement platform; the optical system also includes a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave plate; a diamond vortex metasurface is mounted on the two-dimensional displacement platform; the manipulated microparticles are mounted on the three-dimensional displacement platform; lenses 1 and 2 form a beam expander system; the laser emitted by the laser source passes through the beam expander system, is reflected by mirror 1, passes sequentially through the linear polarizer and quarter-wave plate, and then through lens 3, converging to illuminate the diamond vortex metasurface; the laser then passes through lens 4, mirrors 2 and 3, and is reflected by a dichroic mirror into the objective lens; the illumination source shines directly onto the manipulated microparticles through lens 5, and the image is formed through the objective lens below the microparticles; the formed image passes through the dichroic mirror, mirror 4, lens 6, and filter before entering the CCD camera.

5. A method for manipulating the ultra-compact optical tweezers device for high-power lasers and extreme temperature environments using diamond metasurfaces, as described in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: ① Construct an optical system, motion control system, and imaging system. The motion control system includes a displacement platform and a three-dimensional displacement platform; mount the diamond metasurface onto the displacement platform; ② Prepare a microparticle solution; ③ Place the microparticle solution onto the three-dimensional displacement platform; ④ Activate the laser source and illumination source, adjust the optical system and laser source to focus the laser through the diamond metasurface to form an optical potential well; adjust the three-dimensional displacement platform on which the microparticle solution is placed to capture and manipulate the microparticle solution, ensuring clear imaging; the diamond has several metasurfaces with different functions; adjust the displacement platform on which the diamond metasurface is placed to switch between different metasurfaces as needed to perform various functional operations, ensuring clear imaging.

Images