Hydrophotovoltaic power generation device, preparation method and application

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy and environmental engineering, in particular to a water photovoltaic power generation device, a preparation method and application. According to the technical scheme of in-situ polymerization preparation of the polypyrrole-glass fiber composite membrane and dual-mechanism collaborative design of the water-primary battery, a single device (the membrane size is 3 * 8cm < 2 >) can generate about 0.4 V stable voltage and 0.2 mA current, which are higher than those of most single water photovoltaic devices; in addition, the primary battery part realizes Fe < 3 + > regeneration through the oxidation effect of oxygen in air, so that the performance of the device is kept stable after multiple cycles or long-term storage; meanwhile, the device is stable in output under temperature and humidity changes, and is suitable for various water sources such as pure water, river water, rainwater and artificial sweat; and the output can be improved in series / in parallel, the capacitor is successfully charged, the LED is lightened, and the application prospect is wide.

Description

A hydroelectric power generation device, its preparation method and application Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy and environmental engineering technology, specifically to a hydroelectric power generation device, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrovoltaic power generation technology is a method of obtaining electrical energy by utilizing the flow potential or evaporation potential generated by the interfacial reaction between water and the surface of nanoporous materials. Its core principle is based on the electric double layer (EDL) structure formed at the solid-liquid interface. When the liquid flows through the nano / micro pores with surface charge under the drive of capillary force or evaporation, the counterions in the diffusion layer of the electric double layer are carried and accumulate along the flow direction, thereby generating a potential difference between the two ends of the material.

[0003] Current mainstream hydrovoltaic power generation devices use carbon substrates or conductive polymers as functional layers and filter paper, textiles, or porous membranes as carriers. They primarily employ methods such as impregnation coating, vacuum filtration, or in-situ chemical polymerization to load functional materials onto porous substrates, aiming to increase the surface charge density and thus enhance output performance. However, these devices mainly rely on a single water molecule-driven ion migration mechanism, resulting in open-circuit voltages typically ranging from tens to 300 millivolts and short-circuit currents in the microampere range, leading to low overall power density. Therefore, the electrical output of existing hydrovoltaic power generation devices is insufficient to directly drive most commercial electronic components (such as LEDs and sensors), severely limiting their application in practical self-powered systems.

[0004] To improve the output performance of hydrovoltaic power generation devices, existing research has focused on enhancing ion migration and charge separation efficiency through material modification, structural design, or coupling with other physicochemical processes. For example, some works have attempted to couple the hydrovoltaic effect with other environmental energy harvesting mechanisms such as photothermal energy to synergistically improve power output. However, achieving effective integration of the hydrovoltaic effect with other efficient and sustainable power generation mechanisms in a single device, especially addressing the balance between output intensity and sustained performance, remains a challenge.

[0005] This invention addresses the limitations of existing hydro-voltaic power generation technologies, which have limited output capacity and fail to meet the demands of practical electronic devices. It proposes a hydro-voltaic power generation device that integrates a hydro-voltaic power generation component with a galvanic cell. This fully utilizes the high surface charge density resulting from the polypyrrole composite to significantly enhance the hydro-voltaic effect. Simultaneously, by assembling a galvanic cell based on residual oxidant from the manufacturing process, it synchronously contributes additional potential during the water molecule-driven process. This achieves deep integration and synergistic enhancement of multiple power generation mechanisms within a single device, providing a new solution for high-output, sustainable hydro-voltaic power generation technology. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydroelectric power generation device, its preparation method, and its application, in order to solve the problems of low output power, difficulty in achieving high output, sustainability, and strong environmental adaptability of existing hydroelectric power generation devices.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a hydroelectric power generation device, comprising a hydroelectric power generation device and a primary battery device, wherein the hydroelectric power generation device and the primary battery device work together.

[0008] Furthermore, the aforementioned hydroelectric power generation device includes at least one electrode of a galvanic cell device in situ.

[0009] Furthermore, the aforementioned water-voltaic power generation device includes a polypyrrole fiber membrane, which is prepared by in-situ polymerization of pyrrole monomers on the surface of the fiber membrane under strong oxidizing metal ions, with the strong oxidizing metal ions serving as one electrode of the galvanic cell device.

[0010] Furthermore, the fiber membrane includes a glass fiber membrane.

[0011] Furthermore, the strong oxidizing metal ions include Fe. 3+ .

[0012] Furthermore, the other electrode of the galvanic cell device comprises Cu.

[0013] Furthermore, the power density of the aforementioned hydroelectric power generation device is not less than 3×10⁻⁶. -3 mW / cm 2 .

[0014] Furthermore, the water source for the aforementioned hydroelectric power generation device includes pure water, river water, rainwater, and sweat.

[0015] A method for preparing a hydrovoltaic power generation device involves in-situ polymerization of pyrrole monomers on the surface of a fiber membrane under conditions of strong oxidizing metal ions to obtain a polypyrrole fiber membrane; using the strong oxidizing metal ions remaining in the polypyrrole fiber membrane as one electrode of a galvanic cell device; and assembling the other electrode of the galvanic cell device on the polypyrrole fiber membrane.

[0016] Application of hydroelectric power generation devices as output power sources.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0018] This invention utilizes a dual-mechanism synergistic design technology, combining in-situ polymerization to prepare a polypyrrole-glass fiber composite membrane with a water-voltaic-galvanic cell, achieving the goal of reducing the size of a single device (membrane size 3×8cm). 2 It can generate a stable voltage of approximately 0.4V and a current of 0.2mA, which is higher than most single-stage water-volt devices; in addition, the galvanic cell part achieves Fe through the oxidation of oxygen in the air. 3+Regeneration ensures the device maintains stable performance after multiple cycles or long-term storage; simultaneously, the device maintains stable output under temperature and humidity changes and is suitable for various water sources such as pure water, river water, rainwater, and artificial sweat; it can also be connected in series / parallel to boost output, successfully charging capacitors and lighting LEDs, among other beneficial effects. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the water-based photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention; Figure 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the original glass fiber membrane (GF) and the polypyrrole glass fiber composite membrane (GF-PPy) of the present invention; Figure 3 is a contact angle test image of the original glass fiber membrane (GF) and a contact angle test image and infrared thermographic recording image of the polypyrrole glass fiber composite membrane (GF-PPy) of the present invention; Figure 4 is a test image of the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the water-based photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention; Figure 5 is a test image of the environmental stability of the water-based photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention; Figure 6 is a test image of the universality of the water-based photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention; Figure 7 is a diagram of the overall voltage / current state of the water-based photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention when connected in series / parallel; Figure 8 is a diagram of the charging of the capacitor by the water-based photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention; Figure 9 is a diagram of the lighting of the LED lamp by the water-based photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention; Figure 10 is a test image of the performance stability of the water-based photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] The present invention produces a polypyrrole glass fiber composite membrane by in-situ polymerization, which combines the hydrovoltaic power generation effect and the galvanic cell effect.

[0022] First, the composite material imparts a high negative charge density to the membrane surface, forming an electrical double layer; when water flows under capillary action, counterions (H+)... + ) Directed migration, generating hydroelectric power generation effect; secondly, residual Fe in the membrane 3+ Fe forms with copper electrode 3+ In a Cu galvanic cell, a redox reaction occurs, producing a galvanic cell effect. At the same time, the two effects output in the same direction, synergistically enhancing the total electrical energy.

[0023] Fe produced by the reaction 2+ It is re-oxidized to Fe by O2 in the air. 3+ This enables the recycling and regeneration of reactants, keeping power generation performance stable, thereby achieving synergy and self-repair.

[0024] Example 1: Preparation process of polypyrrole glass fiber composite membrane: S1. Pyrrole dispersion: 180 mL of deionized water was measured using a graduated cylinder, and 400 μL of pyrrole (Py) was added. The mixture was then placed in an ultrasonic cleaner. Ultrasonic conditions: 40 kHz, 100 W power, 2 min.

[0025] S2, Substrate impregnation: Glass fiber filter membrane (3×8cm) 2 Completely immerse the sample in the Py dispersion and let it stand for 10 minutes to ensure complete immersion.

[0026] S3. Oxidative polymerization: Dissolve 1.56g FeCl3·6H2O in 20mL of deionized water and sonicate until transparent; slowly add FeCl3 solution to the Py dispersion and place in a constant temperature shaking oven for polymerization at room temperature for 2h.

[0027] S4. Cleaning and Drying: Remove the membrane, rinse it with deionized water, and air dry for 24 hours.

[0028] The performance of the product prepared in this embodiment was investigated and analyzed: The polypyrrole glass fiber composite membrane prepared in S1 of this embodiment was scanned by scanning electron microscopy, and the surface image of the sample was obtained, as shown in Figure 2. It can be seen that the surface of the original glass fiber membrane is smooth and the fiber diameter is uniform; while the surface of the polypyrrole glass fiber composite membrane is completely covered by a uniform and dense granular polypyrrole coating, the fiber diameter is slightly increased, and the pore structure between the fibers is preserved. This indicates that the pyrrole monomer was successfully polymerized in situ on the fiber surface, forming a stable core-shell structure, which provides a basis for high specific surface area and abundant active sites.

[0029] The polypyrrole glass fiber composite membrane prepared in this embodiment was subjected to contact angle testing and infrared thermography. The results are shown in Figure 3. Optical contact angle measurement was used to measure the static contact angle at the moment a water droplet falls onto the membrane. Infrared thermography was used to record the dynamic process of water droplet spreading on the membrane surface and transporting along the membrane. The results show that the polypyrrole glass fiber composite exhibits strong hydrophilicity. Infrared thermography shows that when 0.4 mL of room temperature water (22°C) is added to one end of the membrane, the water front migrates across an 8 cm long membrane surface within 180 s, indicating that it has excellent capillary water transport capacity and can ensure the continuous water flow required for hydroelectric power generation.

[0030] In this embodiment, wide copper foil tape was attached to both ends of the polypyrrole glass fiber composite membrane as electrodes, as shown in Figure 1. The polypyrrole glass fiber composite membrane prepared in this embodiment is uniformly black, with polypyrrole uniformly attached to the capillary surface inside the glass fiber membrane through in-situ growth. Copper foil tape was attached to both ends as electrodes. The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current were tested using an electrochemical workstation in two-electrode mode (Figure 4). 0.4 mL of test liquid was precisely added to one end of the membrane using a pipette, and the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current were recorded immediately. The results showed that when deionized water was added, the open-circuit voltage rapidly rose to a plateau of 0.41 ± 0.02 V within 10 seconds and remained stable for more than 1 hour; the peak value of the short-circuit current reached 0.22 ± 0.03 mA, then slowly decreased and stabilized at about 0.18 mA.

[0031] Environmental stability tests were conducted on the hydrovoltaic power generation device prepared in this embodiment. The entire test device was placed in a constant temperature chamber and tested at ambient temperatures of 30, 50, and 90°C. The results (Figure 5) show that the maximum open-circuit voltage changed by less than 5% at different temperatures, but the voltage decayed slightly faster at high temperatures due to accelerated evaporation leading to earlier water transmission interruption. Under constant temperature (25°C) conditions, the relative humidity (RH) was adjusted to 25%, 50%, and 80%. The results show that humidity has minimal impact on the peak open-circuit voltage, but at high humidity (90% RH), the power generation duration is extended by approximately 50% because the ambient humidity slows down the evaporation rate of water in the membrane. Therefore, the device exhibits robust power generation performance under different ambient temperatures and humidity levels, demonstrating good environmental adaptability.

[0032] The hydroelectric power generation device prepared in this embodiment underwent a multi-source universality test. Power generation tests were conducted using laboratory-use pure water, collected river water from the school, collected rainwater, and artificially prepared acidic sweat (pH=5.5) and alkaline sweat (pH=8.0) (Figure 6). The results showed that all water sources could successfully drive the device to generate electricity.

[0033] Connecting five devices in series or parallel increases the overall voltage / current by a factor of two (Figure 7), and a single device can charge a 100μF capacitor to 0.4V within 5 seconds (Figure 8). Furthermore, connecting five devices in series can light up an LED (Figure 9).

[0034] The performance stability of the water-based photovoltaic power generation device prepared in this embodiment was tested. Each cycle was defined as the voltage rising from 0 to a peak and then dropping back to 0 when deionized water was added once. A total of 80 cycles were performed on the same membrane. During the 80 cycles, the voltage of the membrane remained stable at around 0.4V, proving that the membrane has long-term stability (Figure 10).

[0035] This invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. Anyone can derive other forms of products under the guidance of this invention. However, regardless of any changes made in their shape or structure, any technical solution that is the same as or similar to this application falls within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A hydroelectric power generation device, characterized in that: It includes a hydroelectric power generation device and a primary battery device, wherein the hydroelectric power generation device and the primary battery device work together.

2. The hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned hydroelectric power generation device includes at least one electrode of a galvanic cell device in situ.

3. A hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The aforementioned water-voltaic power generation device includes a polypyrrole fiber membrane, which is prepared by in-situ polymerization of pyrrole monomers on the surface of the fiber membrane under strong oxidizing metal ions. The strong oxidizing metal ions serve as one electrode of the galvanic cell device.

4. A hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fiber membrane includes a glass fiber membrane.

5. A hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The strong oxidizing metal ions include Fe 3+ .

6. A hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The other electrode of the galvanic cell device includes Cu.

7. A hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The power density of the aforementioned hydroelectric power generation device is not less than 3×10 -3 mW / cm 2 .

8. The hydroelectric power generation device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The water source for the aforementioned hydroelectric power generation device includes pure water, river water, rainwater, and sweat.

9. A method for preparing a hydroelectric power generation device, characterized in that: Under strong oxidizing metal ion conditions, pyrrole monomers are polymerized in situ on the surface of the fiber membrane to obtain a polypyrrole fiber membrane. The strong oxidizing metal ions remaining in the polypyrrole fiber membrane are used as one electrode of the galvanic cell device, and the other electrode of the galvanic cell device is assembled on the polypyrrole fiber membrane.

10. The application of the hydroelectric power generation device according to any one of claims 1-9 as an output power source.

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