Frequency spectrum sharing method in satellite-ground fusion network and related device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and discloses a frequency spectrum sharing method in a satellite-ground fusion network and a related device. A three-dimensional protection area is constructed through a protection angle and geographic coordinates broadcasted by a ground base station, and a projection coordinate and a relative distance with the base station are calculated by using a satellite ephemeris; if the satellite is located in the protection area, a non-ground reserved frequency spectrum is only distributed for communication of the satellite; if not, the reserved spectrum and the shared spectrum are allocated at the same time, and the spectrum is allocated for ground communication according to the remaining state of the shared spectrum. By adopting the method, the overall utilization efficiency of spectrum resources can be optimized, the problems of resource waste and congestion caused by traditional independent division can be relieved, the flexible configuration of satellite-ground spectrums can be realized, the dense networking requirements of low-orbit satellites can be adapted, and the communication efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, and particularly relates to a spectrum sharing method and related apparatus in a satellite-ground converged network. Background Technology

[0002] With the mature application of 5G communication technology and the rapid development of 6G communication technology, the performance of terrestrial communication networks has been significantly improved. In scenarios such as cities and densely populated areas, their communication coverage and data throughput capabilities can already meet the needs of various services. At the same time, satellite communication, with its unique advantages of wide-area coverage and no geographical limitations, has become an important supplement to terrestrial communication networks. The collaboration between the two is expected to achieve seamless communication connectivity globally, providing effective support for communication services in special scenarios such as remote areas, oceans, and mountainous regions, and driving the communication industry towards full coverage and full-scenario services.

[0003] However, current spectrum usage patterns in the space-to-ground communication field have significant shortcomings, hindering the improvement of overall communication efficiency. Traditional spectrum allocation strategies typically separate terrestrial and satellite communication frequency bands, leading to resource imbalances: in areas where some terrestrial spectrum is idle, valuable spectrum resources cannot be fully utilized, resulting in waste; while in densely populated areas with high service demand, terrestrial spectrum resources are scarce, causing communication congestion. Furthermore, in recent years, dense low-Earth orbit satellite constellations have become an industry trend, with satellite systems continuously surging their demand for spectrum resources, further exacerbating the global spectrum shortage and making the rational allocation of space-to-ground communication spectrum resources increasingly prominent.

[0004] It is evident that the existing independent spectrum allocation model for satellite-to-ground communication results in low spectrum utilization, unbalanced resource allocation, and difficulty in adapting to the increased spectrum demand brought about by dense low-orbit satellite networking. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a spectrum sharing method and related apparatus in a space-ground integrated network. This method can effectively solve the problems of low spectrum utilization and resource imbalance caused by the existing independent spectrum allocation mode of space-ground communication, and can adapt to the increased spectrum demand brought about by dense low-orbit satellite networking.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A spectrum sharing method in a space-ground integrated network includes: A three-dimensional protected area is constructed based on the protection angle and geographic coordinates broadcast from terrestrial base stations; Satellite projection coordinates are obtained based on satellite broadcast ephemeris calculations, and the ground distances between each ground base station and the satellite projection coordinates are calculated based on the satellite projection coordinates and the geographic coordinates of the ground base station. The corresponding ground radius of the protected area is calculated based on the protection angle broadcast by the ground base station, the pre-collected Earth radius, and the satellite orbital altitude. Whether a satellite is within the three-dimensional protected area is determined based on the ground radius of the protected area and the ground distance between each ground base station and the satellite's projected coordinates. Specifically: if the ground distance between the ground base station corresponding to any ground base station and the satellite's projected coordinates does not exceed the ground radius of the protected area, then the satellite is within the three-dimensional protected area; otherwise, the satellite is not within the three-dimensional protected area. For satellites located within the three-dimensional protected area, only non-terrestrial reserved spectrum is allocated for communication between non-terrestrial users and satellites; for satellites not located within the three-dimensional protected area, both non-terrestrial reserved spectrum and shared spectrum are allocated for communication between non-terrestrial users and satellites. Based on the remaining status of the current shared spectrum, allocate shared spectrum for communication between ground users and satellites.

[0007] Furthermore, the three-dimensional protected area is constructed based on the protection angle and geographic coordinates broadcast by the ground base station, including: Obtain the protection angle and geographic coordinates of the broadcast from the ground base station; Using the actual geographic coordinates of the ground base station as the vertex of the cone and the protection angle as the semi-vertical angle of the cone, a three-dimensional conical structure pointing towards space is constructed: the axis of the cone extends along the preset direction of the ground base station pointing towards space, forming the outline of a three-dimensional protection zone covering the space area, thus constructing a three-dimensional protection zone.

[0008] Furthermore, before constructing the three-dimensional protected area based on the geographical coordinates and protection angles of the ground base station broadcast by the ground base station, the following steps are also included: Receive the geographical coordinates, protection angle, current shared bandwidth ratio factor, and reserved frequency band configuration information of the ground base station broadcast by the ground base station; It receives satellite broadcasts of ephemeris, real-time spatial location, and service angle.

[0009] Furthermore, the protection angle calculated based on the ground base station broadcast, the pre-collected Earth radius, and the satellite orbital altitude to obtain the corresponding ground radius of the protected area includes: Obtain the guard angle of the ground base station broadcast, the pre-collected Earth radius, and the satellite orbital altitude; The corresponding ground radius of the protected area is calculated based on the protection angle broadcast by the ground base station, the pre-collected Earth radius, and the satellite orbital altitude.

[0010] Furthermore, for satellites located within a three-dimensional protected area, only non-terrestrial reserved spectrum is allocated for communication between non-terrestrial users and the satellite; for satellites not located within a three-dimensional protected area, before allocating both non-terrestrial reserved spectrum and shared spectrum for communication between non-terrestrial users and the satellite, the following steps are also included: The total bandwidth is divided into non-terrestrial reserved spectrum, shared spectrum, and terrestrial reserved spectrum.

[0011] Furthermore, the allocation of shared spectrum for communication between ground users and satellites based on the remaining state of the current shared spectrum also includes: If the current interference power of the shared spectrum is detected to be higher than the preset interference power threshold, or if the interference coefficient corresponding to the interference risk zone where the ground user is located is greater than the preset interference coefficient, then the ground reserved spectrum will be allocated for communication between the ground user and the satellite.

[0012] Furthermore, after allocating shared spectrum for communication between ground users and satellites based on the remaining state of the current shared spectrum, the process further includes: Based on the data transmission performance evaluation results between users and satellites, it is determined whether it is necessary to re-establish the link or reselect the spectrum, and users are asked whether they want to continue communication services. The specific steps are as follows: where users include non-terrestrial users and terrestrial users; The data transmission rates of non-terrestrial users in the shared spectrum, non-terrestrial users in the non-terrestrial reserved spectrum, and terrestrial users in the shared spectrum or terrestrial reserved spectrum are calculated separately. Combined with the proportion of each type of user, the system-level weighted data transmission rate is calculated. If the system-level weighted data transmission rate for any type of user does not reach the transmission threshold, the system configuration parameters and the protection angle of the ground base station are dynamically optimized based on the data transmission rate calculation results. If the shared spectrum interference is strong, the protection angle is increased; otherwise, the protection angle is decreased, and the shared bandwidth ratio factor is adjusted. If the system-level weighted data transmission rate for all types of users reaches the transmission threshold, then the system will ask the user whether to continue the communication service and determine whether to re-establish the link or reselect the spectrum.

[0013] A spectrum sharing system in a space-ground integrated network includes: The protected area construction module is used to construct a three-dimensional protected area based on the protected angle and geographic coordinates broadcast by ground base stations; The first calculation module is used to calculate the satellite projection coordinates based on the ephemeris of satellite broadcasting, and to calculate the ground distance between each ground base station and the satellite projection coordinates based on the satellite projection coordinates and the geographical coordinates of the ground base station. The second calculation module is used to calculate the corresponding ground radius of the protected area based on the protection angle broadcast by the ground base station, the pre-collected Earth radius, and the satellite orbital altitude. The judgment module is used to determine whether a satellite is within the three-dimensional protected area based on the ground radius of the protected area and the ground distance between each ground base station and the satellite's projected coordinates. Specifically: if the ground distance between the ground base station corresponding to any ground base station and the satellite's projected coordinates does not exceed the ground radius of the protected area, then the satellite is within the three-dimensional protected area; otherwise, the satellite is not within the three-dimensional protected area. The first spectrum allocation module is used to allocate only non-terrestrial reserved spectrum for communication between non-terrestrial users and satellites for satellites located within the three-dimensional protected area; and to allocate both non-terrestrial reserved spectrum and shared spectrum for communication between non-terrestrial users and satellites for satellites not located within the three-dimensional protected area. The second spectrum allocation module is used to allocate shared spectrum for communication between ground users and satellites based on the remaining status of the current shared spectrum.

[0014] A spectrum sharing device in a space-ground converged network includes: Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor is used to implement the steps of the spectrum sharing method in the above-described space-ground fusion network when executing the computer program.

[0015] A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the steps of the spectrum sharing method in the above-described space-ground converged network.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a spectrum sharing method in a space-ground integrated network. A three-dimensional protection zone is constructed using the guard angle and geographic coordinates broadcast by the ground base station. The projected coordinates and relative distance to the base station are calculated using satellite ephemeris, and the satellite's position is determined by combining this with the ground radius of the protection zone. If the satellite is within the protection zone, only its communication is allocated non-ground reserved spectrum; if it is outside the protection zone, both reserved and shared spectrum are allocated simultaneously, and spectrum is allocated for ground communication based on the remaining status of the shared spectrum. Based on the guard angle, Earth radius, and orbital altitude, potential interference areas are dynamically isolated, ensuring that satellites avoid using shared frequency bands in densely populated ground service areas to reduce interference, while opening shared frequency bands in low-service areas to improve utilization. This method optimizes the overall efficiency of spectrum resource utilization, alleviates resource waste and congestion problems caused by traditional independent allocation, enables flexible configuration of space-ground spectrum, adapts to the needs of dense low-Earth orbit satellite networks, and improves communication efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of spectrum sharing in a satellite-ground fusion network provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of spectrum division based on a three-dimensional protected area provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of a spectrum sharing method in a space-ground integrated network, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a spectrum sharing method in a space-ground fusion network provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a spectrum sharing system in a satellite-ground fusion network provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To further understand the content of this invention, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments are merely illustrative and not limiting of the invention.

[0019] This embodiment provides a spectrum sharing method in a space-ground converged network. This method can determine whether a satellite falls within the protection zone of a ground base station and make an autonomous decision on whether to access the shared spectrum accordingly. While ensuring the service quality for ground users, it maximizes the spectrum access opportunities for non-ground users. Furthermore, by combining bandwidth allocation factors and system-level performance feedback, it achieves joint optimization of the protection angle and shared bandwidth, thereby significantly improving spectrum utilization efficiency and the overall data rate of the system.

[0020] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a spectrum sharing method in a space-ground integrated network, including: A three-dimensional protected area is constructed based on the protection angle and geographic coordinates broadcast from terrestrial base stations; Satellite projection coordinates are obtained based on satellite broadcast ephemeris calculations, and the ground distances between each ground base station and the satellite projection coordinates are calculated based on the satellite projection coordinates and the geographic coordinates of the ground base station. The corresponding ground radius of the protected area is calculated based on the protection angle broadcast by the ground base station, the pre-collected Earth radius, and the satellite orbital altitude. Whether a satellite is within the three-dimensional protected area is determined based on the ground radius of the protected area and the ground distance between each ground base station and the satellite's projected coordinates. Specifically: if the ground distance between the ground base station corresponding to any ground base station and the satellite's projected coordinates does not exceed the ground radius of the protected area, then the satellite is within the three-dimensional protected area; otherwise, the satellite is not within the three-dimensional protected area. For satellites located within the three-dimensional protected area, only non-terrestrial reserved spectrum is allocated for communication between non-terrestrial users and satellites; for satellites not located within the three-dimensional protected area, both non-terrestrial reserved spectrum and shared spectrum are allocated for communication between non-terrestrial users and satellites. Based on the remaining status of the current shared spectrum, allocate shared spectrum for communication between ground users and satellites.

[0021] The coordination control method provided in this embodiment will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a spectrum sharing method in a space-ground integrated network, and the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: When the system service starts, load default or historical optimized parameters, including Earth radius and satellite orbital altitude. Satellite service corner Default protection angle Initial shared bandwidth scaling factor Non-terrestrial network reserved bandwidth ratio (Fixed and not shareable); data rate thresholds for various user types. If historical operation records exist and stability conditions are met, then load the data obtained from the last optimization. , .

[0022] Step 2: As Figure 1 As shown, the satellite periodically broadcasts its ephemeris, real-time spatial position, and orbital altitude. and service corner Ground base stations periodically broadcast their own geographic coordinates and the protection angles of the three-dimensional protected area. Service radius The system configures non-terrestrial and terrestrial reserved frequency bands. and Current shared bandwidth ratio factor ,Notice The system divides the total bandwidth into non-terrestrial reserved spectrum based on the bandwidth scaling factor. Shared spectrum With reserved spectrum on the ground .

[0023] Step 3: The system determines the orbital altitude based on the satellite broadcast. service corner The system determines the service area for users based on the service range broadcast by the base station; simultaneously, the system determines the service area based on the orbital altitude broadcast by the satellite. The protective angle of the three-dimensional protected area broadcast by the base station The location is used to construct a three-dimensional protected area pointing to space: within the protected area, no satellite access to the shared spectrum is allowed.

[0024] Step 4: The satellite calculates its projected coordinates on the reference sphere based on ephemeris to determine whether it falls within the three-dimensional protection zone of any ground station: For each ground station, the ground distance D from its projection point to the satellite is calculated, based on the protection angle. Obtain the ground radius of the protected area (For example, a cone-shaped protected area is) If any base station satisfies If the satellite is within the protected area, proceed to step 5; otherwise, if the satellite is not within the protected area, proceed to step 6.

[0025] Step 5: As Figure 2 As shown, for non-terrestrial users within the satellite service area, communication between the satellite and non-terrestrial users only uses reserved spectrum. Satellites located within the protected area only use non-ground reserved spectrum to avoid strong interference to ground users within the protected area, and then proceed to step 7.

[0026] Step 6: For non-terrestrial users within the satellite service area, communication between the satellite and non-terrestrial users is permitted to use shared spectrum. Satellites not located within the protected area can use shared spectrum and continue to use reserved spectrum. Then proceed to step 7.

[0027] Step 7: For terrestrial users within the base station's service area, the terrestrial base station allocates frequency bands to terrestrial users based on the current shared spectrum usage and channel conditions: ordinary users are given priority in being allocated to the shared spectrum. If excessive interference power is detected in the shared frequency band, or if the user is in a high-interference-risk area, then the spectrum will be allocated to the reserved ground spectrum. .

[0028] Step 8: The system determines the access frequency bands for non-terrestrial users and terrestrial users, generates a list of available links and spectrum for the two types of users, and performs resource pre-allocation.

[0029] Step 9: The satellite communicates with the base station and the user for data transmission, and completes frame synchronization and clock alignment through the satellite's control signaling.

[0030] Preferably, after step 9, the user's data transmission performance can be evaluated, the data transmission rate calculated, and the adjustment process adjusted, specifically including: Step 10: For data transmission rate, calculate the data transmission rate of non-terrestrial users in the shared spectrum, the data transmission rate of non-terrestrial users in the reserved spectrum, the data transmission rate of terrestrial users in the shared or reserved spectrum, and obtain the system-level weighted data transmission rate based on the proportion of each type of user to measure the overall spectrum sharing performance.

[0031] Step 11: Check the user transmission performance to determine whether the data transmission rate thresholds for each type of user are met. If the data transmission rate of any type of user does not reach the threshold, proceed to step 12. If all users meet the threshold requirements, proceed to step 4.

[0032] Step 12: The system configuration parameters can be dynamically optimized based on the data transmission rate calculation results, including optimizing the protection angle of the ground base station. If the shared spectrum interference is strong, the protection angle can be appropriately increased to expand the protection area. If the shared spectrum utilization is insufficient, the protection angle can be appropriately reduced. The shared bandwidth ratio factor can be adjusted, and the system can dynamically increase or decrease the bandwidth ratio of the shared spectrum based on the actual data transmission rate performance.

[0033] Step 13: Determine if spectrum allocation needs to be redistributed. If adjusting the guard angle or shared bandwidth ratio factor affects the current resource allocation, proceed to Step 2 to redistribute spectrum; otherwise, proceed to Step 4.

[0034] Step 14: Determine whether the service needs to continue to receive other data. If so, proceed to Step 5; otherwise, end the process. Step 15: Determine whether it is necessary to re-establish the link or reselect the frequency band. If user needs or system load changes, return to step 2 to re-execute the protected area construction and resource allocation. If no switching is required, proceed to step 9.

[0035] As another preferred embodiment, in step 4, the ground radius of the protected area... It is the radius of the circular area on the ground centered on the ground base station, where satellites are prohibited from using shared spectrum. The satellite's orbital altitude, To protect the corner.

[0036] Preferably, the system-level weighted data transmission rate in step 10 is weighted according to the service priority or quantity ratio of non-terrestrial users and terrestrial users.

[0037] Preferably, in step 12, the optimization objective of the guard angle and shared bandwidth ratio factor is to maximize the system-level weighted data transmission rate while meeting the minimum rate thresholds for various types of users.

[0038] like Figure 5As shown, this embodiment also provides a spectrum sharing system in a satellite-ground integrated network, including: a protected area construction module, used to construct a three-dimensional protected area based on the protection angle and geographic coordinates broadcast by the ground base station; a first calculation module, used to calculate the satellite projection coordinates based on the ephemeris broadcast by the satellite, and calculate the ground distance between each ground base station and the satellite projection coordinates based on the satellite projection coordinates and the geographic coordinates of the ground base station; a second calculation module, used to calculate the corresponding ground radius of the protected area based on the protection angle broadcast by the ground base station, the pre-acquired Earth radius, and the satellite orbital altitude; and a judgment module, used to determine the ground radius of the protected area and the ground distance between each ground base station and the satellite projection coordinates. The system determines whether a satellite is within a three-dimensional protected area. Specifically: if the ground distance between the ground base station corresponding to any ground base station and the satellite's projected coordinates does not exceed the ground radius of the protected area, then the satellite is within the three-dimensional protected area; otherwise, the satellite is not within the three-dimensional protected area. The first spectrum allocation module allocates only non-ground reserved spectrum for communication between non-ground users and the satellite for satellites within the three-dimensional protected area; for satellites not within the three-dimensional protected area, it allocates both non-ground reserved spectrum and shared spectrum for communication between non-ground users and the satellite. The second spectrum allocation module allocates shared spectrum for communication between ground users and the satellite based on the remaining status of the current shared spectrum.

[0039] The present invention also provides a spectrum sharing device in a space-ground converged network, comprising: a memory for storing a computer program; and a processor for executing the computer program to implement the steps of the spectrum sharing method in the space-ground converged network.

[0040] The present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the spectrum sharing method in the space-ground fusion network.

[0041] When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the spectrum sharing steps in the aforementioned space-ground integrated network. For example, based on the guard angle and geographic coordinates broadcast by the ground base station, a three-dimensional protection zone is constructed; the satellite projection coordinates are calculated based on the ephemeris broadcast by the satellite, and the ground distance between each ground base station and the satellite projection coordinates is calculated based on the satellite projection coordinates and the geographic coordinates of the ground base station; the ground radius of the corresponding protection zone is calculated based on the guard angle broadcast by the ground base station, the pre-collected Earth radius, and the satellite orbital altitude; the satellite is determined to be within the three-dimensional protection zone based on the ground radius of the protection zone and the ground distance between each ground base station and the satellite projection coordinates, wherein: if the ground distance between any ground base station and the satellite projection coordinates does not exceed the ground radius of the protection zone, the satellite is within the three-dimensional protection zone; otherwise, the satellite is not within the three-dimensional protection zone; for satellites within the three-dimensional protection zone, only non-ground reserved spectrum is allocated for communication between non-ground users and the satellite; for satellites not within the three-dimensional protection zone, both non-ground reserved spectrum and shared spectrum are allocated for communication between non-ground users and the satellite; and shared spectrum is allocated for communication between ground users and the satellite based on the remaining status of the current shared spectrum.

[0042] Exemplarily, the computer program can be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to complete the present invention. The one or more modules / units can be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing preset functions, the instruction segments describing the execution process of the computer program in the spectrum sharing device of the satellite-ground converged network. For example, the computer program can be divided into a protected area construction module, a first calculation module, a second calculation module, a judgment module, a first spectrum allocation module, and a second spectrum allocation module, with the following specific functions: The protected area construction module is used to construct a three-dimensional protected area based on the protection angle and geographic coordinates broadcast by the ground base station; the first calculation module is used to calculate the satellite projection coordinates based on the ephemeris broadcast by the satellite, and calculate the ground distance between each ground base station and the satellite projection coordinates based on the satellite projection coordinates and the geographic coordinates of the ground base station; the second calculation module is used to calculate the corresponding ground radius of the protected area based on the protection angle broadcast by the ground base station, the pre-acquired Earth radius, and the satellite orbital altitude; the judgment module is used to calculate the ground radius of the protected area based on the ground radius of the protected area. The system determines whether a satellite is within a three-dimensional protected area by comparing the ground distance between each ground base station and the satellite's projected coordinates. Specifically: if the ground distance between any ground base station and the satellite's projected coordinates does not exceed the ground radius of the protected area, the satellite is within the three-dimensional protected area; otherwise, the satellite is not within the three-dimensional protected area. The first spectrum allocation module allocates only non-ground reserved spectrum for communication between non-ground users and the satellite for satellites within the three-dimensional protected area; for satellites not within the three-dimensional protected area, it allocates both non-ground reserved spectrum and shared spectrum for communication between non-ground users and the satellite. The second spectrum allocation module allocates shared spectrum for communication between ground users and the satellite based on the remaining status of the current shared spectrum.

[0043] The spectrum sharing device in the space-ground converged network can be a computing device such as a desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, or cloud server. The spectrum sharing device in the space-ground converged network may include, but is not limited to, processors and memory. Those skilled in the art will understand that the above are examples of spectrum sharing devices in a space-ground converged network and do not constitute a limitation on the spectrum sharing device in a space-ground converged network. It may include more components than described above, or combine certain components, or different components. For example, the spectrum sharing device in the space-ground converged network may also include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0044] The processor referred to can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor. This processor is the control center for spectrum sharing in the space-ground converged network, connecting various parts of the spectrum sharing equipment throughout the network via various interfaces and lines.

[0045] The memory can be used to store the computer program and / or module. The processor implements various functions of the spectrum sharing device in the space-ground converged network by running or executing the computer program and / or module stored in the memory and calling the data stored in the memory.

[0046] The memory may primarily include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and at least one application program required for a function (such as sound playback, image playback, etc.). The data storage area may store data created based on the use of the mobile phone (such as audio data, phonebook, etc.). Furthermore, the memory may include high-speed random access memory and non-volatile memory, such as hard disks, RAM, plug-in hard disks, smart media cards (SMC), secure digital cards (SD cards), flash cards, at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0047] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the spectrum sharing method in a space-ground fusion network.

[0048] If the modules / units integrated in the spectrum sharing system of the satellite-ground converged network are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0049] Based on this understanding, the present invention can implement all or part of the processes in the spectrum sharing method in the aforementioned space-ground integrated network, or it can be accomplished by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the spectrum sharing method in the aforementioned space-ground integrated network. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file, or a preset intermediate form, etc.

[0050] The computer-readable storage medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording media, USB flash drive, portable hard drive, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal, and software distribution medium, etc.

[0051] It should be noted that the content contained in the computer-readable storage medium may be appropriately increased or decreased according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, the computer-readable storage medium does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0052] For example, this embodiment also provides a signaling interaction execution flow for a spectrum sharing system in a space-ground integrated network, the specific steps of which are as follows: I. Basic Configuration and Parameter Distribution: Step 1: When system services start, the core network (CN) sends default configuration parameters to the satellite (Sat) via N2 interface signaling, including the Earth radius, initial satellite orbital altitude, satellite service angle, initial shared bandwidth ratio factor, and non-terrestrial network reserved bandwidth ratio (fixed and not shareable); it also sends default configuration parameters to the ground base station (gNB) via N2 interface signaling, including the default guard angle and terrestrial network reserved bandwidth ratio (fixed and not shareable); and sends corresponding data rate thresholds to various user equipment (UEs, including non-terrestrial UEs and terrestrial UEs) via N1 interface signaling. If historical operation records exist and stability conditions are met, the CN reconfigures the guard angle and shared bandwidth ratio factor obtained from the last optimization to the gNB and Sat respectively via N2 interface signaling. Sat and gNB synchronize to the UE via the Uu interface / Satellite-Ground Access Channel (SACCH).

[0053] Step 2: The Sat periodically broadcasts its ephemeris, real-time spatial location, orbital altitude, and service angle via the Satellite Broadcast Channel (SBCH). The broadcast period is pre-configured by the CN. The gNB periodically broadcasts its own geographic coordinates, the protection angle of the 3D protected area, and the service radius via the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The broadcast period is coordinated with that of the Sat (configured uniformly by the core network through the N2 interface). The CN sends non-terrestrial / terrestrial reserved frequency band configuration information and the current shared bandwidth ratio factor to the Sat and gNB via the N15 interface signaling. After receiving the information, the Sat and gNB report the configuration confirmation signaling to the core network via the SACCH / PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). The system divides the total bandwidth into non-terrestrial reserved spectrum, shared spectrum, and terrestrial reserved spectrum according to the bandwidth ratio factor. The division result is notified to the corresponding UE by the Sat and gNB via the SACCH / PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel).

[0054] II. Establishment and Access Assessment of Protected Areas: Step 3: The CN receives the orbital altitude and service angle reported by Sa via the S1 satellite-to-ground interface signaling, and receives the guard angle and service range radius reported by gNB via the Uu interface uplink signaling (PUCCH). Based on the above parameters, the CN calculates the service coverage overlap area between Sa and gNB, and sends a service range confirmation command to Sa and gNB via the N2 interface signaling. At the same time, the CN constructs a three-dimensional protection zone pointing to space based on the above parameters, and synchronizes the protection zone range to Sa, gNB and UEs within the coverage area via PDCCH / SACCH, thereby clarifying the rule that "Sa is prohibited from accessing the shared spectrum within the protection zone".

[0055] Step 4: After Sa calculates its projected coordinates on the reference sphere based on ephemeris, it requests the protected area ground radius parameter of the target gNB from CN via S1 interface signaling (the protected area ground radius is...). The projected radius on the ground of the circular region centered on gNB, where Sat is prohibited from using shared spectrum, is: The satellite's orbital altitude, (For the protection angle); the core network sends this parameter to Sat via S1 interface signaling, and Sat calculates the ground distance D from its projection point to the gNB. If there exists any gNB that satisfies... Sat reports the judgment result of "being in the protected area" to the core network through the S1 interface signaling, and CN notifies Sat to jump to step 5 through SACCH; otherwise, Sat reports "not in the protected area", and the core network instructs Sat to jump to step 6.

[0056] III. Frequency Band Allocation and UE Interaction: Step 5: Sat sends a frequency band allocation signaling message to non-terrestrial UEs within its service area via SACCH, indicating "only use non-terrestrial reserved spectrum". Non-terrestrial UEs provide feedback channel quality indication (CQI) via SACCH. After Sat confirms, it starts data transmission, using only non-terrestrial reserved spectrum (to avoid interfering with terrestrial users within the protected area). Subsequently, it reports the frequency band usage status to CN via S1 interface signaling and jumps to step 7.

[0057] Step 6: Sat sends a frequency band configuration signaling message of "shared spectrum + reserved spectrum can be used" to non-terrestrial UEs in its service area through SACCH. The non-terrestrial UEs feed back CQI and frequency band selection preferences through SACCH. After Sat allocates frequency bands based on channel conditions, it sends the final frequency band instruction through SACCH. After the UE confirms, Sat uses both the shared spectrum and the reserved spectrum for communication and reports the frequency band usage status to the core network through S1 interface signaling, and jumps to step 7.

[0058] Step 7: The gNB sends a shared spectrum allocation probe signaling to the ground UEs in its service area via PDCCH. The ground UEs provide feedback on the shared spectrum interference power detection results via PUCCH. Based on the feedback, the gNB prioritizes sending shared spectrum allocation instructions to ordinary users via PDCCH. If the shared frequency band interference power is detected to be too high or the user is in a high interference risk area, the gNB sends a ground reserved spectrum allocation instruction via PDCCH. The ground UE provides allocation confirmation via PUCCH, and the process proceeds to step 8.

[0059] IV. Resource pre-allocation and data transmission: Step 8: The CN summarizes the frequency band allocation results of Sat and gNB through N2 interface signaling, generates a list of available links and spectrum for non-terrestrial UEs and terrestrial UEs, and sends a resource pre-allocation instruction to Sat and gNB through N2 interface signaling; Sat and gNB synchronize the list to the corresponding UE through SACCH / PDCCH respectively, and the UE sends back the pre-allocation acceptance confirmation through SACCH / PUCCH. After receiving all confirmations, the CN sends a resource activation instruction through N2 interface signaling.

[0060] Step 9: Sat transmits data with non-terrestrial UEs via the Satellite Data Channel (SDTCH), and gNB transmits data with terrestrial UEs via the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH); Sat sends synchronization signal blocks to UEs and gNBs via SACCH, and gNBs send synchronization signaling to UEs via PDCCH. After completing frame synchronization based on the synchronization signal blocks, the UE feeds back synchronization completion signaling via SACCH / PUCCH; Sat and gNB exchange clock synchronization information via S1 satellite-to-ground interface signaling to complete clock alignment and continue data transmission.

[0061] V. Performance Evaluation and Parameter Optimization: Step 10: During data transmission, Sat reports the data transmission rate of non-terrestrial UEs in the shared spectrum / reserved spectrum to CN via S1 interface signaling, and gNB reports the data transmission rate of terrestrial UEs in the shared spectrum / reserved spectrum to CN via N4 interface signaling; CN calculates the system-level weighted data transmission rate (to measure the overall spectrum sharing performance) based on preset weights (based on the service priority or quantity ratio of non-terrestrial UEs and terrestrial UEs), and sends the rate statistics results to Sat and gNB for filing via N2 interface signaling.

[0062] Step 11: The CN sends a rate threshold verification command to Sat and gNB via N2 interface signaling. Sat and gNB verify whether the rate of their respective UEs meets the threshold requirements and report the verification results to the core network via S1 / N4 interface signaling. After summarizing, if the rate of any type of UE does not meet the standard, the CN instructs Sat and gNB to jump to step 12 via N2 interface signaling. If all UEs meet the requirements, the command jumps to step 4.

[0063] Step 12: Based on the rate statistics, CN sends a protection angle adjustment command to gNB via N2 interface signaling (increase the protection angle if the shared spectrum interference is strong, and decrease the protection angle if the utilization rate is insufficient), and sends a shared bandwidth ratio factor adjustment command to Sat and gNB (dynamically increase or decrease the shared spectrum bandwidth ratio); after receiving the command, gNB and Sat confirm the adjustment via PUCCH / S1 interface signaling, and CN records the adjusted parameters (the specific optimization objective is to maximize the system-level weighted data transmission rate while meeting the minimum rate threshold).

[0064] Step 13: CN queries Sat and gNB via N2 interface signaling: whether the adjusted guard angle / shared bandwidth ratio factor affects the current resource allocation; Sat and gNB provide feedback via S1 / N4 interface signaling; if it affects the allocation, CN jumps to step 2 via N2 interface signaling to redistribute the spectrum; otherwise, the command jumps to step 4.

[0065] Step 14: The CN queries the Sat and gNB via the N2 interface signaling to check if there is any untransmitted user data request. The Sat and gNB report the request status via the S1 / N4 interface signaling. If there is a request, the core network instruction jumps to step 5; otherwise, a service termination signal is sent to the UE via SACCH / PDCCH, and the process terminates.

[0066] Step 15: The CN monitors changes in user demand (UE reports service change requests via PUCCH / SACCH) and system load (Sat and gNB report load status via S1 / N4 interface signaling) through the N2 interface signaling; if it is necessary to re-establish the link or reselect the frequency band, the core network instruction returns to step 2 to re-execute the protection zone construction and resource allocation; if no handover is required, the instruction proceeds to step 9 to continue data transmission.

[0067] The signaling channels are as follows: SBCH (Satellite Broadcast Channel), SACCH (Satellite Access Control Channel), and SDTCH (Satellite Data Channel) are used for satellite-to-ground interaction; PBCH / PDCCH / PUCCH / PDSCH are used for interaction between ground base stations (gNB) and user equipment (UE); and the N1 / N2 / N4 / N15 / S1 interface signaling is used for interaction between the core network and equipment.

[0068] In summary, this embodiment provides a spectrum sharing method in a space-ground integrated network, which has the following significant advantages compared to traditional spectrum sharing methods: This invention addresses the problems of spectrum scarcity and severe co-channel interference in space-ground converged networks by proposing a spectrum sharing method based on a three-dimensional protected area: a dynamic spectrum sharing method. The method includes the following steps: ground base stations broadcast their location and protection angle parameters; satellites calculate their Earth projection points based on their ephemeris and determine if any ground base stations fall within the protection angle range of their service area; if so, the use of non-ground reserved spectrum is restricted; otherwise, opportunistic access to shared spectrum is allowed; the system further combines a shared bandwidth ratio factor and a user rate threshold to dynamically optimize the protection angle and spectrum allocation strategy, achieving a synergistic improvement in interference avoidance and spectrum efficiency. Compared to current static orthogonal spectrum allocation or schemes relying solely on two-dimensional planar protected areas, this method significantly improves spectrum reuse accuracy and interference isolation capabilities by constructing a conical protected area and introducing a distance-based protected area determination mechanism; simultaneously, it maximizes spectrum access opportunities for non-ground users while ensuring minimum service quality for ground users through data rate-driven optimization. This invention not only effectively alleviates the spectrum scarcity problem but also significantly enhances the overall capacity and spectrum utilization efficiency of space-ground converged networks, demonstrating promising application prospects.

[0069] The above embodiments are merely one of the implementation methods for achieving the technical solution of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, but also includes any variations, substitutions and other implementation methods that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spectrum sharing method in a space-ground integrated network, characterized in that, include: A three-dimensional protected area is constructed based on the protection angle and geographic coordinates broadcast from terrestrial base stations; Satellite projection coordinates are obtained based on satellite broadcast ephemeris calculations, and the ground distances between each ground base station and the satellite projection coordinates are calculated based on the satellite projection coordinates and the geographic coordinates of the ground base station. The corresponding ground radius of the protected area is calculated based on the protection angle broadcast by the ground base station, the pre-collected Earth radius, and the satellite orbital altitude. Whether a satellite is within the three-dimensional protected area is determined based on the ground radius of the protected area and the ground distance between each ground base station and the satellite's projected coordinates. Specifically: if the ground distance between the ground base station corresponding to any ground base station and the satellite's projected coordinates does not exceed the ground radius of the protected area, then the satellite is within the three-dimensional protected area; otherwise, the satellite is not within the three-dimensional protected area. For satellites located within the three-dimensional protected area, only non-terrestrial reserved spectrum is allocated for communication between non-terrestrial users and satellites; for satellites not located within the three-dimensional protected area, both non-terrestrial reserved spectrum and shared spectrum are allocated for communication between non-terrestrial users and satellites. Based on the remaining status of the current shared spectrum, allocate shared spectrum for communication between ground users and satellites.

2. The spectrum sharing method in a satellite-ground integrated network according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional protected area is constructed based on the protection angle and geographic coordinates broadcast from the ground base station, including: Obtain the protection angle and geographic coordinates of the broadcast from the ground base station; Using the actual geographic coordinates of the ground base station as the vertex of the cone and the protection angle as the semi-vertical angle of the cone, a three-dimensional conical structure pointing towards space is constructed: the axis of the cone extends along the preset direction of the ground base station pointing towards space, forming the outline of a three-dimensional protection zone covering the space area, thus constructing a three-dimensional protection zone.

3. The spectrum sharing method in a satellite-ground integrated network according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before constructing the three-dimensional protected area based on the geographical coordinates and protection angles of the ground base station broadcast by the ground base station, the following is also included: Receive the geographical coordinates, protection angle, current shared bandwidth ratio factor, and reserved frequency band configuration information of the ground base station broadcast by the ground base station; It receives satellite broadcasts of ephemeris, real-time spatial location, and service angle.

4. The spectrum sharing method in a satellite-ground integrated network according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protection angle based on the ground base station broadcast, the pre-collected Earth radius, and the satellite orbital altitude are used to calculate the corresponding ground radius of the protected area, including: Obtain the guard angle of the ground base station broadcast, the pre-collected Earth radius, and the satellite orbital altitude; The corresponding ground radius of the protected area is calculated based on the protection angle broadcast by the ground base station, the pre-collected Earth radius, and the satellite orbital altitude.

5. The spectrum sharing method in a satellite-ground integrated network according to claim 1, characterized in that, For satellites located within a three-dimensional protected area, only non-terrestrial reserved spectrum is allocated for communication between non-terrestrial users and the satellite; for satellites not located within a three-dimensional protected area, before allocating both non-terrestrial reserved spectrum and shared spectrum for communication between non-terrestrial users and the satellite, the following steps are also included: The total bandwidth is divided into non-terrestrial reserved spectrum, shared spectrum, and terrestrial reserved spectrum.

6. The spectrum sharing method in a satellite-ground integrated network according to claim 1, characterized in that, The allocation of shared spectrum for communication between ground users and satellites based on the remaining state of the current shared spectrum also includes: If the current interference power of the shared spectrum is detected to be higher than the preset interference power threshold, or if the interference coefficient corresponding to the interference risk zone where the ground user is located is greater than the preset interference coefficient, then the ground reserved spectrum will be allocated for communication between the ground user and the satellite.

7. The spectrum sharing method in a satellite-ground integrated network according to claim 1, characterized in that, After allocating shared spectrum for communication between ground users and satellites based on the remaining state of the current shared spectrum, the process further includes: Based on the data transmission performance evaluation results between users and satellites, it is determined whether it is necessary to re-establish the link or reselect the spectrum, and users are asked whether they want to continue communication services. The specific steps are as follows: where users include non-terrestrial users and terrestrial users; The data transmission rates of non-terrestrial users in the shared spectrum, non-terrestrial users in the non-terrestrial reserved spectrum, and terrestrial users in the shared spectrum or terrestrial reserved spectrum are calculated separately. Combined with the proportion of each type of user, the system-level weighted data transmission rate is calculated. If the system-level weighted data transmission rate for any type of user does not reach the transmission threshold, the system configuration parameters and the protection angle of the ground base station are dynamically optimized based on the data transmission rate calculation results. If the shared spectrum interference is strong, the protection angle is increased; otherwise, the protection angle is decreased, and the shared bandwidth ratio factor is adjusted. If the system-level weighted data transmission rate for all types of users reaches the transmission threshold, then the system will ask the user whether to continue the communication service and determine whether to re-establish the link or reselect the spectrum.

8. A spectrum sharing system in a space-ground integrated network, characterized in that, include: The protected area construction module is used to construct a three-dimensional protected area based on the protected angle and geographic coordinates broadcast by ground base stations; The first calculation module is used to calculate the satellite projection coordinates based on the ephemeris of satellite broadcasting, and to calculate the ground distance between each ground base station and the satellite projection coordinates based on the satellite projection coordinates and the geographical coordinates of the ground base station. The second calculation module is used to calculate the corresponding ground radius of the protected area based on the protection angle broadcast by the ground base station, the pre-collected Earth radius, and the satellite orbital altitude. The judgment module is used to determine whether a satellite is within a three-dimensional protected area based on the ground radius of the protected area and the ground distance between each ground base station and the satellite projection coordinates. Specifically, if the ground distance between the ground base station corresponding to any ground base station and the satellite projection coordinates does not exceed the ground radius of the protected area, then the satellite is within the three-dimensional protected area. Otherwise, the satellite is not within the three-dimensional protection zone; The first spectrum allocation module is used to allocate only non-terrestrial reserved spectrum for communication between non-terrestrial users and satellites for satellites located within the three-dimensional protected area; and to allocate both non-terrestrial reserved spectrum and shared spectrum for communication between non-terrestrial users and satellites for satellites not located within the three-dimensional protected area. The second spectrum allocation module is used to allocate shared spectrum for communication between ground users and satellites based on the remaining status of the current shared spectrum.

9. A spectrum sharing device in a space-ground converged network, characterized in that, include: Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor, configured to execute the computer program to implement the steps of the spectrum sharing method in the satellite-ground fusion network according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it is used to implement the steps of the spectrum sharing method in the satellite-ground fusion network according to any one of claims 1-7.

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