Lathe, tool setting method and machining method for piston rod

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machining, and particularly discloses a lathe, a tool setting method and a machining method for a piston rod. A spindle box and a tailstock are used for maintaining the pose of a workpiece to be machined and driving the workpiece to be machined to rotate around a shaft; a sliding table of the tool turret assembly is located between the spindle box and the tailstock and can move relative to the machine body in the Z direction, and a tool turret can move relative to the machine body in the X direction and is rotationally installed on the sliding table. The three-tool-holder tool row is detachably installed on one tool position of the tool turret, the three-tool-holder tool row is located on the radial side of the rotating axis of the tool turret, the three-tool-holder tool row is in a T shape, a first tool is installed at one end of the three-tool-holder tool row in the length direction, a third tool is installed at the other end of the three-tool-holder tool row, and a second tool is installed in the middle of the three-tool-holder tool row. The tool bit of the first tool is opposite to the tool bit of the third tool in orientation, and the tool bit of the second tool is perpendicular to the tool bit of the first tool in orientation. The problem that the machining range of the tool apron in the Z direction is limited is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining technology, and more particularly to a lathe, a tool setting method, and a machining method for piston rods. Background Technology

[0002] The piston rod is a crucial moving part in low-speed, high-power marine diesel engines. It is relatively long, heavy (3-4 tons), and has a complex appearance, resembling a barbell, wider at both ends and narrower in the middle. Currently used machine tools are dual-guideway, four-tool CNC lathes with a Siemens 840Dpl system. The slide and tailstock share a common guideway, and the slide cannot pass over the tailstock, meaning the original four tool positions of the turret are insufficient for machining requirements. Therefore, when machining the piston rod, the operator must frequently disassemble and assemble the tool holder and cutting tools, and reset the zero position at each step. Machining the piston rod using the current method has the following disadvantages and deficiencies: frequent disassembly and assembly of the tool holder and cutting tools poses safety hazards; labor intensity is high; and production efficiency is low. Resetting the zero position at each step increases the risk of errors and quality problems; and automated machining is not possible.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a lathe, a tool setting method, and a machining method for piston rods to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lathe, a tool setting method, and a machining method for piston rods to solve the problem of limited machining range of the tool holder along the Z-direction, reduce the frequency of tool changes by operators, and thus improve production efficiency.

[0005] On one hand, the present invention provides a lathe comprising: The machine body includes a spindle box and a tailstock spaced apart along the Z direction, used to maintain the position of the workpiece to be processed and to drive the workpiece to be processed to rotate around the axis. The turret assembly includes a slide table and a turret. The slide table is located between the spindle box and the tailstock. The slide table is movable relative to the machine body in the Z direction. The turret is movable relative to the machine body in the X direction. The turret is rotatably mounted on the slide table. The tool assembly includes a three-blade clamp, a first tool, a second tool, and a third tool. The three-blade clamp is detachably mounted on one of the tool positions of the turret and is located on one radial side of the rotation axis of the turret. The three-blade clamp is T-shaped. The first tool is mounted at one end of the length direction of the three-blade clamp, the third tool is mounted at the other end, and the second tool is mounted in the middle of the three-blade clamp. The cutting head of the first tool faces away from the cutting head of the third tool, and the cutting head of the second tool faces perpendicular to the cutting head of the first tool.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the lathe, the three-tool holder includes a first connecting body, a first tool holder, a second tool holder, and a third tool holder. The first connecting body is in the shape of a straight line and is mounted on the tool turret. The first tool holder and the third tool holder are respectively fixed to the first and last ends of the first connecting body, and the second tool holder is disposed in the middle of the first connecting body. The first cutting tool is mounted in the first tool holder, the second cutting tool is mounted in the second tool holder, and the third cutting tool is mounted in the third tool holder.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the lathe, the first tool holder includes a plurality of first tool holders, which are arranged sequentially along the width direction of the first connecting body, and the first tool can be selectively mounted on the first tool holder. And / or, the third tool holder includes a plurality of second tool holders, the plurality of second tool holders being arranged sequentially along the length direction of the first connecting body, and the second tool being able to be selectively mounted on the second tool holder; And / or, the second tool holder includes a plurality of third tool holders, which are arranged sequentially along the width direction of the first connector, and the third tool can be selectively mounted on the third tool holder.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the lathe, the tool assembly further includes a single tool holder and a fourth tool. The single tool holder includes a second connector and a fourth tool holder. The second connector is in the shape of a straight line. The fourth tool holder is installed at one end of the length direction of the second connector. The second connector is installed at other tool positions of the turret. The fourth tool is installed in the fourth tool holder. The tool tip of the fourth tool is oriented opposite to the tool tip orientation of the second tool.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the lathe, the fourth tool holder includes a plurality of fourth tool holders, which are arranged sequentially along the width direction of the second connecting body, and the fourth tool can be selectively mounted on the fourth tool holder.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the lathe, the machine body further includes a drive unit, a chuck, and an ejector pin. The chuck and the drive unit are both mounted on the spindle box. The chuck is used to fix one axial end of the workpiece to be processed. The drive unit is used to drive the chuck to rotate around the axis. The ejector pin is mounted on the tailstock and is used to insert into the other axial end of the workpiece to be processed.

[0011] A tool setting method is also provided, applicable to the aforementioned lathe, including: S1. Obtain the physical characteristics of the first cutting tool, the second cutting tool, the third cutting tool, and the fourth cutting tool. S2. Using the first tool as the reference tool, the workpiece is lightly turned using the reference tool to establish a working coordinate system. S3. Rotate the turret and use the second tool to lightly turn the workpiece. Obtain the difference between the second tool and the reference tool in the Z and X directions in the machine tool coordinate system, namely the first Z-direction tool compensation and the first X-direction tool compensation. Record the first Z-direction tool compensation and the first X-direction tool compensation into the tool compensation table respectively. S4. Rotate the turret and use the third tool to lightly turn the workpiece. Obtain the difference between the third tool and the reference tool in the Z and X directions in the machine tool coordinate system, i.e., the second Z-direction tool compensation and the second X-direction tool compensation. Record the second Z-direction tool compensation and the second X-direction tool compensation in the tool compensation table respectively. S5. Rotate the turret and use the fourth tool to lightly turn the workpiece. Obtain the difference between the fourth tool and the reference tool in the machine tool coordinate system in the Z and X directions, namely the third Z-axis tool compensation and the third X-axis tool compensation. Record the third Z-axis tool compensation and the third X-axis tool compensation in the tool compensation table respectively.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned tool setting method, S2 includes: S21. Using the aforementioned reference tool, lightly turn the first machining surface of the workpiece to be machined, wherein the first machining surface is parallel to the X direction, and determine the coordinates of the reference tool in the Z direction; S22. Using the aforementioned reference tool, lightly turn the outer circle of the workpiece. After completing the operation, the position of the reference tool and the workpiece remains unchanged. Measure the diameter of the outer circle and determine the coordinates of the reference tool in the X direction. S23. Based on the coordinates of the reference tool in the Z direction and the X direction, the zero point coordinates of the working coordinate system can be obtained.

[0013] A method for machining a piston rod is also provided, applicable to the aforementioned lathe, comprising: The first and third cutting tools mentioned above are both forehand cutting tools with a principal cutting angle of m; the second cutting tool mentioned above is a forehand cutting tool with a principal cutting angle of n, n≠m; and the fourth cutting tool mentioned above is a backhand cutting tool with a principal cutting angle of m. The steps include: S61. Use the second tool described above to rough machine the inner opening plane of the flat end of the piston rod; S62. Rotate the turret and use the first tool to rough machine the inner opening plane of the round end of the piston rod. S63. Rotate the turret and use the fourth tool to machine the starting groove of the piston rod.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned processing method for the piston rod, it further includes: S71. Rotate the turret and use the second tool to rough turn the outer circle of the main shaft and the flat end cone surface. S72. Rotate the turret and use the first tool to rough machine the first machining area, which includes the round end rod and the round end arc. Replace the insert of the first tool and perform tool setting. Then use the replaced first tool to semi-finish machine the third machining area, which includes the round end rod, the round end arc and the round end inner opening plane. S73. Rotate the turret, replace the insert of the second tool, perform tool setting, and then use the replaced second tool to semi-finish turn the second machining area. The second machining area includes the flat end bar, the flat end conical surface, and the flat end inner opening plane. S74. Rotate the turret and use the fourth tool to rough turn the round end face of the round end step, then rough turn the round outline of the round end step, and finally finish turn the round outline of the round end step.

[0015] The lathe provided by this invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The machine body includes a spindle box and a tailstock. The spindle box is fixed to the bed, which is equipped with a Z-axis guide rail. The tailstock is slidably mounted on the bed and its distance from the spindle box can be adjusted along the Z-axis guide rail. The spindle box and tailstock are used to clamp the workpiece and drive it to rotate around an axis during turning operations. A slide table is slidably mounted on the bed and slides along the Z-axis guide rail. The slide table and tailstock share the same guide rail. The tailstock restricts the slide table's range of motion away from the spindle box in the Z-direction. Therefore, the slide table is always located between the spindle box and the tailstock. The slide table is equipped with a tool turret, which is slidably connected to the slide table. The tool turret can move relative to the slide table in the X-direction and can rotate relative to the slide table around its own axis. The tool turret includes a tool holder for mounting cutting tools. The tool assembly includes a three-blade clamp, a first tool, a second tool, and a third tool. The three-blade clamp is installed in one of the tool positions of the turret. The three-blade clamp is T-shaped. The three tools are installed sequentially along the length of the three-blade clamp, with the cutting tips of all tools facing away from the three-blade clamp. In other words, the cutting tip of the first tool installed on the left side of the three-blade clamp faces left, the cutting tip of the third tool installed on the right side of the three-blade clamp faces right, and the cutting tip of the second tool installed in the middle of the three-blade clamp faces forward. The three-tool holder is installed on one side of the turret's rotation axis. When the first tool faces the workpiece, the first tool and the tailstock are located on opposite sides of the turret's rotation axis. Let A be the distance between the first tool and the tailstock in the Z-direction. When the second tool's tip faces the workpiece, the distance between the second tool and the tailstock in the Z-direction is B, satisfying B < A. When the third tool's tip faces the workpiece, the third tool and the tailstock are located on the same side of the turret's rotation axis. Let C be the distance between the third tool and the tailstock in the Z-direction, satisfying C < B. Thus, by rotating the turret, not only can the working tool be changed, but the distance between the working tool and the tailstock can also be changed, adjusting the working range of the working tool in the Z-direction. This solves the problem of limited machining range of the tool holder in the Z-direction due to Z-direction stroke interference between the tailstock and the slide, reducing the frequency of tool changes by operators and thus improving production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the lathe structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the three-blade clamping blade row in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the three-blade clamping blade row in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-blade clamping bar in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the turret in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the turret in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of tool setting on a lathe in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the first machining operation of the lathe in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the second machining operation of the lathe in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the third machining operation of the lathe in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating the tool setting method in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the first process of the processing method for the piston rod in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the second process of the processing method for the piston rod in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] In the picture: 100. Workpiece to be processed; 101. Flat end inner opening plane; 102. Round end inner opening plane; 103. Tool groove; 104. Flat end conical surface; 105. Main shaft; 108. Round end step rough turning of circular contour; 109. Round end step circular end face; 110. Round end step finish turning of circular contour; 111. First machining area; 112. Second machining area; 113. Third machining area; 11. Spindle box; 12. Tailstock; 13. Collar; 14. Ejector pin; 15. Z-axis guide rail; 21. Slide table; 22. Dota 2; 31. Three-blade clamping tool rack; 311. First connecting body; 312. First tool clamp; 312a. First tool holder; 313. Second tool clamp; 313a. Second tool holder; 314. Third tool clamp; 314a. Third tool holder; 32. Single-blade clamping tool rack; 321. Second connecting body; 322. Fourth tool clamp; 322a. Fourth tool holder; 33. First cutting tool; 34. Second cutting tool; 35. Third cutting tool; 36. Fourth cutting tool; 37. Threaded fastener. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "first position" and "second position" refer to two different positions. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the first feature in relation to the second feature includes the first feature directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "under," and "below" the first feature in relation to the second feature includes the first feature directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0021] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, this embodiment provides a lathe, which includes a machine body, a turret assembly, and a tool assembly. The machine body includes a spindle box 11 and a tailstock 12 spaced apart along the Z-axis for maintaining the position of a workpiece 100 and driving the workpiece 100 to rotate around an axis. The turret assembly includes a slide 21 and a turret 22. The slide 21 is located between the spindle box 11 and the tailstock 12 and is movable relative to the machine body along the Z-axis. The turret 22 is movable relative to the machine body along the X-axis and is rotatably mounted on the slide 21. The tool assembly includes a three-tool holder 31, a first tool 33, a second tool 34, and a third tool 35. The three-blade clamping rack 31 is detachably installed on one of the tool positions of the turret 22, and the three-blade clamping rack 31 is located on the radial side of the rotation axis of the turret 22. The three-blade clamping rack 31 is T-shaped. A first tool 33 is installed at one end of the length direction of the three-blade clamping rack 31, a third tool 35 is installed at the other end, and a second tool 34 is installed in the middle of the three-blade clamping rack 31. The blade tip of the first tool 33 faces away from the blade tip of the third tool 35, and the blade tip of the second tool 34 faces perpendicular to the blade tip of the first tool 33.

[0023] For example, the machine body includes a spindle box 11 and a tailstock 12. The spindle box 11 is fixed to the bed, the bed is provided with a Z-axis guide rail 15, and the tailstock 12 is slidably disposed on the bed. The tailstock 12 can adjust the distance between itself and the spindle box 11 along the Z-axis guide rail 15. The spindle box 11 and the tailstock 12 are used to clamp the workpiece 100 to be processed and drive the workpiece 100 to be processed to rotate around the axis during the turning operation. The slide table 21 is slidably mounted on the bed and slides along the Z-guide rail 15. The slide table 21 and the tailstock 12 share the guide rail. The tailstock 12 restricts the range of motion of the slide table 21 away from the main body in the Z direction. Therefore, the slide table 21 is always located between the headstock 11 and the tailstock 12. The slide table 21 is equipped with a turret 22, which is slidably connected to the slide table 21. The turret 22 can move relative to the slide table 21 in the X direction and can rotate relative to the slide table 21 around its own axis. The turret 22 includes a tool holder for mounting cutting tools. The tool assembly includes a three-blade clamp 31, a first tool 33, a second tool 34, and a third tool 35. The three-blade clamp 31 is installed in one of the tool positions of the turret 22. The three-blade clamp 31 is T-shaped. The three tools are installed sequentially along the length of the three-blade clamp 31. The cutting tips of the tools all face the side away from the three-blade clamp 31. It can be understood that the cutting tip of the first tool 33, which is installed on the left side of the three-blade clamp 31, faces to the left; the cutting tip of the third tool 35, which is installed on the right side of the three-blade clamp 31, faces to the right; and the cutting tip of the second tool 34, which is installed in the middle of the three-blade clamp 31, faces forward. The three-blade clamping rack 31 is installed on one side of the rotation axis of the turret 22. When the first tool 33 faces the workpiece 100, the first tool 33 and the tailstock 12 are located on opposite sides of the rotation axis of the turret 22. Let A be the distance between the first tool 33 and the tailstock 12 in the Z direction. When the tip of the second tool 34 faces the workpiece 100, the distance between the second tool 34 and the tailstock 12 in the Z direction is B, which satisfies B < A. When the tip of the third tool 35 faces the workpiece 100, the third tool 35 and the tailstock 12 are located on the same side of the rotation axis of the turret 22. Let C be the distance between the third tool 35 and the tailstock 12 in the Z direction, which satisfies C < B. In this way, by rotating the turret 22, not only can the working tool be changed, but the distance between the working tool and the tailstock 12 can also be changed, thus adjusting the working range that the working tool can process in the Z direction. This solves the problem that the processing range of the tool holder in the Z direction is limited due to the Z-direction stroke interference between the tailstock 12 and the slide table 21, reducing the frequency of tool changes by operators and thus improving production efficiency.

[0024] It should be noted that there is no limitation on whether the physical parameters of the three tools installed on the three-tool holder 31 are the same.

[0025] Furthermore, since the three-blade clamping rack 31 only occupies one tool slot of the turret 22, and the three-blade clamping rack 31 can install three tools, the three-blade clamping rack 31 allows multiple tools to be installed on one side of the turret 22, thus solving the problem of insufficient tool slots in the turret 22.

[0026] Optionally, the three-blade clamping tool rack 31 includes a first connecting body 311, a first tool clamp 312, a second tool clamp 313, and a third tool clamp 314. The first connecting body 311 is in a straight line shape and is mounted on the turret 22. The first tool clamp 312 and the third tool clamp 314 are respectively fixed to the first and last ends of the first connecting body 311, and the second tool clamp 313 is located in the middle of the first connecting body 311. The first tool 33 is mounted on the first tool clamp 312, the second tool 34 is mounted on the second tool clamp 313, and the third tool 35 is mounted on the third tool clamp 314. In this way, the arrangement of the first connecting body 311 can enhance the structural rigidity of the three-blade clamping tool rack 31.

[0027] For example, the turret 22 has a U-shaped groove, the first connector 311 is placed in the U-shaped groove, the first tool holder 312, the second tool holder 313 and the third tool holder 314 all extend out of the U-shaped groove on the corresponding side, the threaded fastener 37 is threadedly connected to one side wall of the U-shaped groove, and the end of the threaded fastener 37 abuts the first connector 311 against the other side wall of the U-shaped groove.

[0028] Optionally, the three-blade clamping blade row 31 is a one-piece molded part.

[0029] Optionally, the first tool holder 312 includes a plurality of first tool holders 312a, which are arranged sequentially along the width direction of the first connecting body 311, and the first tool 33 can be selectively installed in the first tool holder 312a; and / or, the third tool holder 314 includes a plurality of second tool holders 313a, which are arranged sequentially along the length direction of the first connecting body 311, and the second tool 34 can be selectively installed in the second tool holder 313a; and / or, the second tool holder 313 includes a plurality of third tool holders 314a, which are arranged sequentially along the width direction of the first connecting body 311, and the third tool 35 can be selectively installed in the third tool holder 314a.

[0030] For example, when the first tool holder 312 faces the workpiece 100, multiple first tool holders 312a are arranged sequentially along the Z-axis. Thus, according to the work requirements, the first tool 33 can be selectively installed in one of the first tool holders 312a, changing the processing area of ​​the first tool 33 on the workpiece 100. When the second tool holder 313 faces the workpiece 100, multiple second tool holders 313a are arranged sequentially along the Z-axis. Thus, according to the work requirements, the second tool 34 can be selectively installed in one of the second tool holders 313a, changing the processing area of ​​the second tool 34 on the workpiece 100. When the third tool holder 314 faces the workpiece 100, multiple third tool holders 314a are arranged sequentially along the Z-axis. Thus, according to the work requirements, the third tool 35 can be selectively installed in one of the third tool holders 314a, changing the processing area of ​​the third tool 35 on the workpiece 100.

[0031] Optionally, the tool assembly also includes a single-blade holder 32 and a fourth tool 36. The single-blade holder 32 includes a second connector 321 and a fourth tool holder 322. The second connector 321 is in the shape of a straight line. The fourth tool holder 322 is installed at one end of the second connector 321 along its length. The second connector 321 is installed on the turret 22. The fourth tool 36 is installed on the fourth tool holder 322. The cutting head of the fourth tool 36 is oriented opposite to the cutting head of the second tool 34.

[0032] For example, the cross-section of the turret 22 is rectangular, including four tool positions, which are respectively called the first tool position, the second tool position, the third tool position and the fourth tool position. The four tool positions are distributed on the four sides of the rectangular cross-section. The three-tool clamping rack 31 is installed in the first tool position. When the first tool position of the turret 22 faces the workpiece 100, the second tool 34 is used as the working tool. When the second tool position of the turret 22 faces the workpiece 100, the first tool 33 is used as the working tool. When the third tool position of the turret 22 faces the workpiece 100, the fourth tool 36 is used as the working tool. When the fourth tool position of the turret 22 faces the workpiece 100, the third tool 35 is used as the working tool.

[0033] Optionally, the fourth tool holder 322 includes multiple fourth tool holders 322a, which are arranged sequentially along the width direction of the second connector 321. A tool can be selectively mounted in one of the fourth tool holders 322a. Thus, according to the operational requirements, the fourth tool 36 can be selectively mounted in one of the fourth tool holders 322a, changing the machining area of ​​the fourth tool 36 on the workpiece 100.

[0034] Optionally, the machine body also includes a drive unit, a chuck 13, and an ejector pin 14. The chuck 13 and the drive unit are both mounted on the spindle box 11. The chuck 13 is used to fix one axial end of the workpiece 100 to be processed. The drive unit is used to drive the chuck 13 to rotate around the axis. The ejector pin 14 is mounted on the tailstock 12 and is used to insert into the other axial end of the workpiece 100 to be processed.

[0035] like Figure 7 and Figure 11 As shown, a tool setting method is also provided, applicable to the aforementioned lathe, comprising: S1. Obtain the physical characteristics of the first cutting tool 33, the second cutting tool 34, the third cutting tool 35, and the fourth cutting tool 36; S2. Using the first tool 33 as the reference tool, the workpiece 100 is lightly turned using the reference tool to establish the working coordinate system. S3. Rotate the turret 22 and use the second tool 34 to lightly turn the workpiece 100. Obtain the difference between the second tool 34 and the reference tool in the Z and X directions in the machine tool coordinate system, namely the first Z-direction tool compensation and the first X-direction tool compensation, and record the first Z-direction tool compensation and the first X-direction tool compensation into the tool compensation table respectively. S4. Rotate the turret 22 and use the third tool 35 to lightly turn the workpiece 100. Obtain the difference between the third tool 35 and the reference tool in the Z and X directions in the machine tool coordinate system, namely the second Z-direction tool compensation and the second X-direction tool compensation. Record the second Z-direction tool compensation and the second X-direction tool compensation into the tool compensation table respectively. S5. Rotate the turret 22 and use the fourth tool 36 to lightly turn the workpiece 100. Obtain the difference between the fourth tool 36 and the reference tool in the machine tool coordinate system in the Z and X directions, namely the third Z-axis tool compensation and the third X-axis tool compensation, and enter the third Z-axis tool compensation and the third X-axis tool compensation into the tool compensation table respectively.

[0036] With this setup, multiple cutting tools can share the same working coordinate system. Due to the uniformity of the zero point, it avoids the need for each part to set the tool to zero, thus improving the consistency of product processing.

[0037] Illustratively, the physical characteristics of a cutting tool include the rim number, the radius of curvature of the cutting tip, etc.

[0038] Optionally, S2 includes: S21. Use a reference tool to lightly turn the first machining surface of the workpiece 100. The first machining surface is parallel to the X direction. Determine the coordinates of the reference tool in the Z direction. S22. Use the reference tool to lightly turn the outer circle of the workpiece 100. After the operation is completed, the position of the reference tool and the workpiece 100 remains unchanged. Measure the diameter of the outer circle and determine the coordinate of the reference tool in the X direction. S23. Based on the coordinates of the reference tool in the Z-axis and X-axis, the zero point coordinates of the working coordinate system can be obtained.

[0039] It should be noted that the length of the first processing surface from the origin is known.

[0040] For example, assuming the inner opening size of the piston rod blank is 41mm with a margin of 10mm, and it is evenly divided at both ends, the inner opening area is the first machining surface. Then, when the reference tool processes the first machining surface, the Z-direction distance between its dwell position and the origin is 5mm.

[0041] like Figures 8 to 10 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, a method for machining a piston rod is also provided, applicable to the aforementioned lathe, comprising: The first blade 33 and the third blade 35 are both forehand blades with a principal cutting angle of m; the second blade 34 is a forehand blade with a principal cutting angle of n, n≠m; and the fourth blade 36 is a backhand blade with a principal cutting angle of m. The steps involved in machining the piston rod include: S61. Use the second tool 34 to rough machine the inner opening plane 101 of the flat end of the piston rod; S62. Rotate the turret 22 and use the first tool 33 to rough turn the inner opening plane 102 of the round end of the piston rod; S63. Rotate the turret 22 and use the fourth tool 36 to machine the starting groove 103 of the piston rod.

[0042] The steps in the machining method for the piston rod also include: S71. Rotate the turret 22 and use the second tool 34 to rough turn the outer circle of the main shaft 105 and the flat end cone surface 104; S72. Rotate the turret 22 and use the first tool 33 to rough turn the first machining area 111. The first machining area 111 includes the round end rod body and the round end arc. Replace the insert of the first tool 33 and perform tool setting. Then use the replaced first tool 33 to semi-finish turn the third machining area 113. The third machining area 113 includes the round end rod body, the round end arc and the round end inner opening plane 102. S73. Rotate the turret 22, replace the insert of the second tool 34, perform tool setting, and then use the replaced second tool 34 to semi-finish turn the second machining area 112. The second machining area 112 includes the flat end bar, the flat end conical surface 104, and the flat end inner opening plane 101. S74. Rotate the turret 22 and use the fourth tool 36 to rough turn the round end face 109 of the round end step, then rough turn the round contour 108 of the round end step, and finish turn the round contour 110 of the round end step.

[0043] It should be noted that the appendix Figures 7 to 10The colored area in the diagram is the processing area.

[0044] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lathe, characterized in that, include: The machine body includes a spindle box (11) and a tailstock (12) spaced apart along the Z direction, used to maintain the position of the workpiece (100) to be processed and to drive the workpiece (100) to be processed to rotate around the axis; The turret assembly includes a slide (21) and a turret (22). The slide (21) is located between the spindle box (11) and the tailstock (12). The slide (21) is movable relative to the machine body in the Z direction. The turret (22) is movable relative to the machine body in the X direction. The turret (22) is rotatably mounted on the slide (21). The tool assembly includes a three-blade clamp (31), a first tool (33), a second tool (34), and a third tool (35). The three-blade clamp (31) is detachably mounted on one of the tool positions of the turret (22), and the three-blade clamp (31) is located on the radial side of the rotation axis of the turret (22). The three-blade clamp (31) is T-shaped. The first tool (33) is mounted at one end of the length direction of the three-blade clamp (31), and the third tool (35) is mounted at the other end. The second tool (34) is mounted in the middle of the three-blade clamp (31). The blade tip of the first tool (33) faces away from the blade tip of the third tool (35), and the blade tip of the second tool (34) is perpendicular to the blade tip of the first tool (33).

2. The lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-blade clamp bar (31) includes a first connecting body (311), a first blade clamp (312), a second blade clamp (313), and a third blade clamp (314). The first connecting body (311) is in the shape of a straight line and is installed on the blade turret (22). The first blade clamp (312) and the third blade clamp (314) are respectively fixed to the first and last ends of the first connecting body (311). The second blade clamp (313) is located in the middle of the first connecting body (311). The first cutting tool (33) is mounted on the first tool holder (312), the second cutting tool (34) is mounted on the second tool holder (313), and the third cutting tool (35) is mounted on the third tool holder (314).

3. The lathe according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first tool holder (312) includes a plurality of first tool holders (312a), which are arranged sequentially along the width direction of the first connecting body (311), and the first tool (33) can be selectively mounted on the first tool holder (312a). And / or, the third tool holder (314) includes a plurality of second tool holders (313a), the plurality of second tool holders (313a) are arranged sequentially along the length direction of the first connecting body (311), and the second tool (34) can be selectively installed on the second tool holder (313a); And / or, the second tool holder (313) includes a plurality of third tool holders (314a), the plurality of third tool holders (314a) being arranged sequentially along the width direction of the first connecting body (311), and the third tool (35) being able to be selectively mounted on the third tool holder (314a).

4. The lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tool assembly further includes a single-blade clamp row (32) and a fourth tool (36). The single-blade clamp row (32) includes a second connector (321) and a fourth tool clamp (322). The second connector (321) is in the shape of a straight line. The fourth tool clamp (322) is installed at one end of the second connector (321) along its length. The second connector (321) is installed at other tool positions of the turret (22). The fourth tool (36) is installed in the fourth tool clamp (322). The blade tip of the fourth tool (36) is oriented opposite to the blade tip orientation of the second tool (34).

5. The lathe according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fourth tool holder (322) includes a plurality of fourth tool holders (322a), which are arranged sequentially along the width direction of the second connector (321), and the fourth tool (36) can be selectively installed on the fourth tool holder (322a).

6. The lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The machine body also includes a drive unit, a chuck (13) and a ejector pin (14). The chuck (13) and the drive unit are both installed on the spindle box (11). The chuck (13) is used to fix one axial end of the workpiece (100) to be processed. The drive unit is used to drive the chuck (13) to rotate around the axis. The ejector pin (14) is installed on the tailstock (12) and is used to be inserted into the other axial end of the workpiece (100) to be processed.

7. A tool setting method, applicable to the lathe described in claim 4, characterized in that, include: S1. Obtain the physical characteristics of the first cutting tool (33), the second cutting tool (34), the third cutting tool (35) and the fourth cutting tool (36); S2. Using the first tool (33) as the reference tool, the workpiece (100) is lightly turned using the reference tool to establish a working coordinate system; S3. Rotate the turret (22), use the second tool (34) to lightly turn the workpiece (100), obtain the difference between the second tool (34) and the reference tool in the Z and X directions in the machine tool coordinate system, that is, the first Z-direction tool compensation and the first X-direction tool compensation, and record the first Z-direction tool compensation and the first X-direction tool compensation into the tool compensation table respectively. S4. Rotate the turret (22), use the third tool (35) to lightly turn the workpiece (100), obtain the difference between the third tool (35) and the reference tool in the Z and X directions in the machine tool coordinate system, that is, the second Z-direction tool compensation and the second X-direction tool compensation, and record the second Z-direction tool compensation and the second X-direction tool compensation into the tool compensation table respectively; S5. Rotate the turret (22) and use the fourth tool (36) to lightly turn the workpiece (100) to obtain the difference between the fourth tool (36) and the reference tool in the machine tool coordinate system in the Z and X directions, namely the third Z-direction tool compensation and the third X-direction tool compensation, and record the third Z-direction tool compensation and the third X-direction tool compensation into the tool compensation table respectively.

8. The tool setting method according to claim 7, characterized in that, S2 includes: S21. Using the reference tool, lightly turn the first machining surface of the workpiece (100), the first machining surface being parallel to the X direction, and determine the coordinates of the reference tool in the Z direction; S22. Using the reference tool, lightly turn the outer circle of the workpiece (100). After the operation is completed, the position of the reference tool and the workpiece (100) remains unchanged. Measure the diameter of the outer circle and determine the coordinate of the reference tool in the X direction. S23. Based on the coordinates of the reference tool in the Z direction and the coordinates in the X direction, the zero point coordinates of the working coordinate system can be obtained.

9. A method for machining a piston rod, applicable to the lathe described in claim 4, characterized in that, include: The first cutting tool (33) and the third cutting tool (35) are both forehand cutting tools with a principal cutting angle of m. The second cutting tool (34) is a forehand cutting tool with a principal cutting angle of n, n≠m. The fourth cutting tool (36) is a backhand cutting tool with a principal cutting angle of m. The steps include: S61. Use the second tool (34) to rough machine the inner opening plane (101) of the flat end of the piston rod; S62. Rotate the turret (22) and use the first tool (33) to rough machine the inner opening plane (102) of the round end of the piston rod; S63. Rotate the turret (22) and use the fourth tool (36) to machine the starting groove (103) of the piston rod.

10. The method for machining a piston rod according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: S71. Rotate the turret (22) and use the second cutter (34) to rough machine the outer circle of the main shaft (105) and the flat end cone (104); S72. Rotate the turret (22) and use the first tool (33) to rough machine the first machining area (111). The first machining area (111) includes a round end rod and a round end arc. Replace the insert of the first tool (33) and perform tool setting. Then use the replaced first tool (33) to semi-finish machine the third machining area (113). The third machining area (113) includes the round end rod, the round end arc and the round end inner opening plane (102). S73. Rotate the turret (22), replace the blade of the second tool (34), perform tool setting, and then use the replaced second tool (34) to semi-finish turn the second machining area (112). The second machining area (112) includes the flat end rod body, the flat end conical surface (104), and the flat end inner opening plane (101). S74. Rotate the turret (22), use the fourth tool (36) to rough turn the round end face (109) of the round end step, machine the round end step rough turn the round outline (108), and machine the round end step finish turn the round outline (110).

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