Three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device and method for abandoned mine shaft

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground space gas storage, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device and method for an abandoned mine shaft. A first hydrogen storage chamber and a second hydrogen storage chamber are installed in a first hydrogen storage cavity and a second hydrogen storage cavity through a first fixing mechanism and a second fixing mechanism correspondingly; the three-dimensional layered utilization of the vertical space of the abandoned mine shaft is realized; the first hydrogen storage chamber and the second hydrogen storage chamber are respectively connected with the injection-production unit, so that the injection and production operations of hydrogen can be independently carried out, and the problems of gas layering and non-uniform flow field caused by temperature and pressure gradients in a single chamber are effectively avoided; the monitoring unit monitors the state of the hydrogen storage unit in real time, and the monitoring control unit regulates and controls the injection-production process to jointly guarantee the safety of the system. The space utilization rate of the shaft is effectively increased, and the storage efficiency, the operation flexibility and the safety are remarkably improved through layered independent hydrogen storage and omnibearing monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground space gas storage technology, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device and method for abandoned mine shafts. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry, large-scale, safe, and economical hydrogen storage technology has become a crucial element. Utilizing existing underground spaces for hydrogen storage is a highly promising solution. my country possesses abundant and widely distributed abandoned mine resources, whose shafts, tunnels, and other underground spaces have significant reuse value. Converting these into hydrogen storage facilities can effectively reduce the cost of constructing new storage facilities and bring significant environmental benefits.

[0003] However, abandoned mine shafts have a unique structure, consisting of deep, vertical cylindrical spaces. Traditionally, using them as a single gas storage facility faces numerous technical bottlenecks. First, their space utilization is low; the vast vertical depth cannot be effectively utilized in layers, resulting in a significant waste of space resources. Second, during hydrogen storage, temperature gradients and pressure changes easily lead to gas stratification and uneven flow patterns in the vertical direction. This not only affects the overall efficiency of hydrogen storage but also threatens the safety of system operation. More importantly, abandoned mine shafts generally suffer from structural problems such as aging shaft walls, loose surrounding rock, and potential leakage, making their direct use for hydrogen storage extremely risky, with the risk of leakage and even collapse.

[0004] While existing technologies include solutions such as "gas storage in abandoned mine tunnels" that utilize mine tunnels for gas storage and enhance sealing through a sealing layer, these technologies are primarily designed for horizontal or inclined tunnel structures. Their technical approaches cannot be directly applied to the unique form of vertical shafts, failing to address core issues such as the utilization of three-dimensional space, gas stratification control, and structural adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device and method for abandoned mine shafts, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: A three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts includes: a shaft body, a hydrogen storage unit disposed inside the shaft body, the hydrogen storage unit being connected to an injection and production unit, a monitoring unit disposed on the hydrogen storage unit, and a monitoring and control unit disposed on the injection and production unit. The wellbore body includes at least one first hydrogen storage chamber and at least one second hydrogen storage chamber, which are arranged from top to bottom; The hydrogen storage unit includes at least one first hydrogen storage chamber and at least one second hydrogen storage chamber. The first hydrogen storage chamber is installed in the first hydrogen storage chamber by a first fixing mechanism, and the second hydrogen storage chamber is installed in the second hydrogen storage chamber by a second fixing mechanism. The monitoring unit is disposed on the first hydrogen storage chamber and the second hydrogen storage chamber. The first hydrogen storage chamber and the second hydrogen storage chamber are respectively connected to the injection and extraction unit.

[0007] In the three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts of the present invention, the injection and production unit includes a hydrogen injection pipe and a hydrogen production pipe, the hydrogen injection ports of the first hydrogen storage chamber and the second hydrogen storage chamber are connected in parallel on the hydrogen injection pipe, and the hydrogen production ports of the first hydrogen storage chamber and the second hydrogen storage chamber are connected in parallel on the hydrogen production pipe.

[0008] In the three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts of the present invention, the monitoring unit includes fiber optic sensors installed on the first hydrogen storage chamber and the second hydrogen storage chamber, a first multi-functional detector is installed on the outer wall of the first hydrogen storage chamber, a third multi-functional detector is installed at the hydrogen injection port of the first hydrogen storage chamber, and a fourth multi-functional detector is installed at the hydrogen collection port of the first hydrogen storage chamber. A second multi-functional detector is installed on the outer wall of the second hydrogen storage chamber, a fifth multi-functional detector is installed at the hydrogen injection port of the second hydrogen storage chamber, and a sixth multi-functional detector is installed at the hydrogen sampling port of the second hydrogen storage chamber.

[0009] In the three-dimensional stratified hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts of the present invention, the monitoring and control unit includes a first pressure regulating valve, a second pressure regulating valve, a first flow meter, and a second flow meter. The first pressure regulating valve and the first flow meter are installed on the hydrogen injection pipe, and the second pressure regulating valve and the second flow meter are installed on the hydrogen collection pipe.

[0010] In the three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts of the present invention, the first fixing mechanism includes a first retaining ring and a second retaining ring, the first retaining ring and the second retaining ring are respectively fixed to the first hydrogen storage chamber, the first retaining ring and the second retaining ring are respectively disposed at the upper part and the lower part of the first hydrogen storage chamber, and the first retaining ring and the second retaining ring are both fixed to the side wall of the first hydrogen storage chamber.

[0011] In the three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts of the present invention, the two ends of the first retaining ring are respectively fixedly installed on the side wall of the first hydrogen storage cavity by the first fixing bracket and the second fixing bracket, and the two ends of the second retaining ring are respectively fixedly installed on the side wall of the first hydrogen storage cavity by the third fixing bracket and the fourth fixing bracket.

[0012] In the three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts of the present invention, the second fixing mechanism includes a third retaining ring and a fourth retaining ring, which are respectively fixed to the second hydrogen storage chamber. The third retaining ring and the fourth retaining ring are respectively disposed in the upper part and the lower part of the second hydrogen storage chamber, and both the third retaining ring and the fourth retaining ring are fixed to the side wall of the second hydrogen storage chamber.

[0013] In the three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts of the present invention, the two ends of the third retaining ring are respectively fixedly installed on the side wall of the second hydrogen storage cavity by the fifth fixing bracket and the sixth fixing bracket, and the two ends of the fourth retaining ring are respectively fixedly installed on the side wall of the second hydrogen storage cavity by the seventh fixing bracket and the eighth fixing bracket.

[0014] In the three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts of the present invention, the hydrogen injection port of the first hydrogen storage chamber is provided with a first valve switch, the hydrogen collection port of the first hydrogen storage chamber is provided with a second valve switch, the hydrogen injection port of the second hydrogen storage chamber is provided with a third valve switch, and the hydrogen collection port of the second hydrogen storage chamber is provided with a fourth valve switch.

[0015] A three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage method for abandoned mine shafts, based on the aforementioned three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts, comprises the following steps: During hydrogen injection, hydrogen is injected independently into the first hydrogen storage chamber and the second hydrogen storage chamber through the injection and extraction unit, while the injection flow rate and pressure of the first hydrogen storage chamber and the second hydrogen storage chamber are adjusted in real time by the monitoring and control unit. During the hydrogen storage stage, the monitoring unit installed on the first hydrogen storage chamber and the second hydrogen storage chamber can monitor the hydrogen concentration, temperature, pressure parameters, and strain state of the chamber structure in real time. During hydrogen extraction, hydrogen is extracted independently from the first hydrogen storage chamber or the second hydrogen storage chamber through the injection and extraction unit according to the gas demand, and the flow rate and pressure of the extracted hydrogen are controlled by the monitoring and control unit.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: In this invention, a first hydrogen storage chamber and a second hydrogen storage chamber are installed within a first hydrogen storage chamber and a second hydrogen storage chamber respectively via a first fixing mechanism and a second fixing mechanism, respectively, achieving three-dimensional, layered utilization of the vertical space of an abandoned mine shaft. The first and second hydrogen storage chambers are respectively connected to the injection and production unit, allowing for independent hydrogen injection and production operations, effectively avoiding gas stratification and uneven flow field problems caused by temperature and pressure gradients within a single chamber. A monitoring unit monitors the status of the hydrogen storage unit in real time, and a monitoring and control unit regulates the injection and production process, jointly ensuring system safety. This invention effectively improves the utilization rate of shaft space, and through layered independent hydrogen storage and comprehensive monitoring, significantly enhances storage efficiency, operational flexibility, and safety. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; The components include: 1. First hydrogen storage chamber; 2. Second hydrogen storage chamber; 3. Sealing and reinforcement layer; 4. First retaining ring; 5. Second retaining ring; 6. Third retaining ring; 7. Fourth retaining ring; 8. First valve switch; 9. Second valve switch; 10. Third valve switch; 11. Fourth valve switch; 12. First fixed bracket; 13. Second fixed bracket; 14. Third fixed bracket; 15. Fourth fixed bracket; 16. Fifth fixed bracket; 17. Sixth fixed bracket; 18. Seventh fixed bracket; 19. Eighth fixed bracket; 20. First hydrogen storage chamber; 21. Second hydrogen storage chamber; 22. Hydrogen injection pipe; 23. Hydrogen collection pipe; 24. First multi-functional detector; 25. Second multi-functional detector; 26. First pressure regulating valve; 27. Second pressure regulating valve; 28. First flow meter; 29. ​​Second flow meter; 30. Fiber optic sensor; 31. Third multi-functional detector; 32. Fourth multi-functional detector; 33. Fifth multi-functional detector; 34. Sixth multi-functional detector. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] Reference Figure 1 The present invention discloses a three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts, comprising: a shaft body, a hydrogen storage unit disposed inside the shaft body, the hydrogen storage unit being connected to an injection and production unit, a monitoring unit disposed on the hydrogen storage unit, and a monitoring and control unit disposed on the injection and production unit. The main body of the wellbore includes at least one first hydrogen storage chamber 1 and at least one second hydrogen storage chamber 2, which are arranged from top to bottom; The hydrogen storage unit includes at least one first hydrogen storage chamber 20 and at least one second hydrogen storage chamber 21. The first hydrogen storage chamber 20 is installed in the first hydrogen storage cavity 1 by a first fixing mechanism, and the second hydrogen storage chamber 21 is installed in the second hydrogen storage cavity 2 by a second fixing mechanism. The monitoring unit is disposed on the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 and the second hydrogen storage chamber 21. The first hydrogen storage chamber 20 and the second hydrogen storage chamber 21 are respectively connected to the injection and extraction unit.

[0021] The inner walls of the first hydrogen storage chamber 1 and the second hydrogen storage chamber 2 are provided with a sealing and reinforcing layer 3 in the circumferential direction.

[0022] During operation, the injection and extraction units independently inject and extract hydrogen into the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 and the second hydrogen storage chamber 21, which are located from top to bottom in the first hydrogen storage chamber 1 and the second hydrogen storage chamber 2, respectively. The monitoring unit monitors the two chambers in real time. This device greatly improves the utilization rate of vertical space by creating a three-dimensional layered structure in the mine shaft. Through independent connection and monitoring, it effectively avoids gas stratification and achieves independent, safe operation and flexible scheduling of each hydrogen storage unit.

[0023] In one alternative embodiment, the injection and extraction unit includes an injection pipe 22 and an extraction pipe 23. The injection ports of the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 and the second hydrogen storage chamber 21 are connected in parallel to the injection pipe 22, and the extraction ports of the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 and the second hydrogen storage chamber 21 are connected in parallel to the extraction pipe 23.

[0024] During operation, the hydrogen injection pipe 22 supplies hydrogen to the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 and the second hydrogen storage chamber 21 simultaneously in parallel, while the hydrogen collection pipe 23 collects hydrogen in the same manner. This parallel pipeline layout enables centralized injection and collection management of multiple hydrogen storage chambers, simplifies the system structure, and reduces construction costs and complexity.

[0025] In one alternative embodiment, the monitoring unit includes fiber optic sensors 30 disposed on the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 and the second hydrogen storage chamber 21, a first multi-functional detector 24 disposed on the outer wall of the first hydrogen storage chamber 20, a third multi-functional detector 31 disposed on the hydrogen injection port of the first hydrogen storage chamber 20, and a fourth multi-functional detector 32 disposed on the hydrogen sampling port of the first hydrogen storage chamber 20. A second multi-functional detector 25 is installed on the outer wall of the second hydrogen storage chamber 21, a fifth multi-functional detector 33 is installed at the hydrogen injection port of the second hydrogen storage chamber 21, and a sixth multi-functional detector 34 is installed at the hydrogen collection port of the second hydrogen storage chamber 21.

[0026] During operation, fiber optic sensor 30 monitors the deformation of the chamber wall in real time, while the first multi-functional detector 24 and the second multi-functional detector 25 monitor the external state of the chamber. The third multi-functional detector 31, the fourth multi-functional detector 32, the fifth multi-functional detector 33, and the sixth multi-functional detector 34 precisely monitor the parameters of the injection and extraction ports. This comprehensive, multi-point monitoring network constitutes a layered security defense system, capable of identifying leaks or structural anomalies at an extremely early stage, significantly improving safety.

[0027] In one alternative embodiment, the monitoring and control unit includes a first pressure regulating valve 26, a second pressure regulating valve 27, a first flow meter 28, and a second flow meter 29. The first pressure regulating valve 26 and the first flow meter 28 are installed on the hydrogen injection pipe 22, and the second pressure regulating valve 27 and the second flow meter 29 are installed on the hydrogen collection pipe 23.

[0028] During hydrogen injection, the injection parameters are precisely controlled by the first flow meter 28 and the first pressure regulating valve 26 on the hydrogen injection pipe 22; during hydrogen extraction, the output is stably controlled by the second flow meter 29 and the second pressure regulating valve 27 on the hydrogen extraction pipe 23, thereby achieving precise automatic regulation of the total system flow and total pipeline pressure, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the injection and extraction process.

[0029] In one alternative embodiment, the first fixing mechanism includes a first retaining ring 4 and a second retaining ring 5, which are respectively fixed to the first hydrogen storage chamber 20. The first retaining ring 4 and the second retaining ring 5 are respectively disposed at the upper and lower parts of the first hydrogen storage chamber 20, and both the first retaining ring 4 and the second retaining ring 5 are fixed to the side wall of the first hydrogen storage chamber 1.

[0030] The first hydrogen storage chamber 20 is securely fixed to the side wall of the first hydrogen storage cavity 1 by the upper first retaining ring 4 and the lower second retaining ring 5. This double retaining ring fixing method effectively restrains the displacement of the storage tank and enhances its stability and shock and pressure resistance when suspended in a vertical wellbore.

[0031] In one alternative, the two ends of the first retaining ring 4 are fixedly installed on the side wall of the first hydrogen storage chamber 1 by the first fixing bracket 12 and the second fixing bracket 13 respectively, and the two ends of the second retaining ring 5 are fixedly installed on the side wall of the first hydrogen storage chamber 1 by the third fixing bracket 14 and the fourth fixing bracket 15 respectively.

[0032] The first retaining ring 4 is fixed by the first fixing bracket 12 and the second fixing bracket 13, and the second retaining ring 5 is fixed by the third fixing bracket 14 and the fourth fixing bracket 15. By distributing the force to the well wall through multiple fixing brackets, an extremely stable mechanical anchoring is provided, ensuring the structural reliability of the hydrogen storage unit under long-term use.

[0033] In one alternative embodiment, the second fixing mechanism includes a third retaining ring 6 and a fourth retaining ring 7, which are respectively fixed to the second hydrogen storage chamber 21. The third retaining ring 6 and the fourth retaining ring 7 are respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the second hydrogen storage chamber 21, and both the third retaining ring 6 and the fourth retaining ring 7 are fixed to the side wall of the second hydrogen storage chamber 2.

[0034] The second hydrogen storage chamber 21 is fixed to the side wall of the second hydrogen storage cavity 2 by the upper third retaining ring 6 and the lower fourth retaining ring 7. This fixing method is consistent with that of the upper chamber, realizing a modular design and ensuring the consistency and reliability of the installation of each layer of hydrogen storage units.

[0035] In one alternative embodiment, the two ends of the third retaining ring 6 are fixedly installed on the side wall of the second hydrogen storage chamber 2 by the fifth fixing bracket 16 and the sixth fixing bracket 17, respectively, and the two ends of the fourth retaining ring 7 are fixedly installed on the side wall of the second hydrogen storage chamber 2 by the seventh fixing bracket 18 and the eighth fixing bracket 19, respectively.

[0036] The third retaining ring 6 is fixed by the fifth fixing bracket 16 and the sixth fixing bracket 17, and the fourth retaining ring 7 is fixed by the seventh fixing bracket 18 and the eighth fixing bracket 19. This symmetrically distributed fixing bracket structure evenly transmits the weight and internal pressure of the storage tank to the well wall, avoiding stress concentration and optimizing the stress distribution.

[0037] In one alternative embodiment, the hydrogen injection port of the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 is equipped with a first valve switch 8, the hydrogen collection port of the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 is equipped with a second valve switch 9, the hydrogen injection port of the second hydrogen storage chamber 21 is equipped with a third valve switch 10, and the hydrogen collection port of the second hydrogen storage chamber 21 is equipped with a fourth valve switch 11.

[0038] By independently controlling the first valve switch 8, the second valve switch 9, the third valve switch 10, and the fourth valve switch 11, the hydrogen injection or extraction pathway of any hydrogen storage chamber can be precisely opened or closed. This allows each of the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 and the second hydrogen storage chamber 21 to be independently isolated, operated, or maintained, resulting in extremely high operational flexibility.

[0039] A method for three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage in abandoned mine shafts, based on a three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts, comprises the following steps: During hydrogen injection, hydrogen is injected independently into the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 and the second hydrogen storage chamber 21 through the injection and extraction unit. At the same time, the injection flow rate and pressure of the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 and the second hydrogen storage chamber 21 are adjusted in real time by the monitoring and control unit. During the hydrogen storage stage, the hydrogen concentration, temperature, pressure parameters, and strain state of the chamber structure inside the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 and the second hydrogen storage chamber 21 are monitored in real time by monitoring units installed on the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 and the second hydrogen storage chamber 21. During hydrogen extraction, hydrogen is extracted independently from the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 or the second hydrogen storage chamber 21 through the injection and extraction unit according to the gas demand. The flow rate and pressure of the extracted hydrogen are controlled by the monitoring and control unit.

[0040] During operation, hydrogen is delivered through the hydrogen injection pipe 22. Operators can independently open either the first valve switch 8 or the third valve switch 10 to select whether to inject hydrogen into the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 or the second hydrogen storage chamber 21. During injection, the first flow meter 28 monitors the total flow rate in real time, while the first pressure regulating valve 26 ensures stable injection pressure. During the hydrogen storage phase, the first multi-functional detector 24, the second multi-functional detector 25, the third multi-functional detector 31, the fourth multi-functional detector 32, the fifth multi-functional detector 33, and the sixth multi-functional detector 34 continuously monitor the outer wall condition of the two chambers and key parameters of the injection / extraction ports. Simultaneously, the fiber optic sensor 30 is closely attached to the chamber surface to sense structural strain in real time. Throughout the storage process, the first hydrogen storage chamber 1 and the second hydrogen storage chamber 2 provide a safety boundary for the hydrogen storage unit, while the stability of the hydrogen storage unit is ensured by a robust fixing mechanism: the first hydrogen storage chamber 20 is secured by the upper first retaining ring 4 and the lower second retaining ring 5. The first retaining ring 4 is supported and fixed by the first fixing bracket 12 and the second fixing bracket 13, and the second retaining ring 5 is supported and fixed by the third fixing bracket 14 and the fourth fixing bracket 15. All these brackets are anchored to the well wall; the lower second hydrogen storage chamber 21 is fixed by the third retaining ring 6 and the fourth retaining ring 7. The third retaining ring 6 is supported by the fifth fixing bracket 16 and the sixth fixing bracket 17, and the fourth retaining ring 7 is supported by the seventh fixing bracket 18 and the eighth fixing bracket 19. When hydrogen needs to be extracted, the second valve switch 9 or the fourth valve switch 11 is opened, and hydrogen is output through the hydrogen collection pipe 23. This process is measured by the second flow meter 29, and the output pressure is controlled by the second pressure regulating valve 27, thereby realizing the safe and controllable injection, storage, and extraction of hydrogen.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0042] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts, characterized in that, include: The wellbore body contains a hydrogen storage unit connected to an injection and production unit. The hydrogen storage unit is equipped with a monitoring unit, and the injection and production unit is equipped with a monitoring and control unit. The wellbore body includes at least one first hydrogen storage chamber (1) and at least one second hydrogen storage chamber (2), which are arranged from top to bottom; The hydrogen storage unit includes at least one first hydrogen storage chamber (20) and at least one second hydrogen storage chamber (21). The first hydrogen storage chamber (20) is installed in the first hydrogen storage cavity (1) by a first fixing mechanism, and the second hydrogen storage chamber (21) is installed in the second hydrogen storage cavity (2) by a second fixing mechanism. The monitoring unit is disposed on the first hydrogen storage chamber (20) and the second hydrogen storage chamber (21). The first hydrogen storage chamber (20) and the second hydrogen storage chamber (21) are respectively connected to the injection and extraction unit.

2. The three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The injection and collection unit includes a hydrogen injection pipe (22) and a hydrogen collection pipe (23). The hydrogen injection ports of the first hydrogen storage chamber (20) and the second hydrogen storage chamber (21) are connected in parallel on the hydrogen injection pipe (22), and the hydrogen collection ports of the first hydrogen storage chamber (20) and the second hydrogen storage chamber (21) are connected in parallel on the hydrogen collection pipe (23).

3. A three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring unit includes fiber optic sensors (30) installed on the first hydrogen storage chamber (20) and the second hydrogen storage chamber (21), a first multi-functional detector (24) is installed on the outer wall of the first hydrogen storage chamber (20), a third multi-functional detector (31) is installed at the hydrogen injection port of the first hydrogen storage chamber (20), and a fourth multi-functional detector (32) is installed at the hydrogen sampling port of the first hydrogen storage chamber (20). A second multi-functional detector (25) is provided on the outer wall of the second hydrogen storage chamber (21), a fifth multi-functional detector (33) is provided at the hydrogen injection port of the second hydrogen storage chamber (21), and a sixth multi-functional detector (34) is provided at the hydrogen collection port of the second hydrogen storage chamber (21).

4. A three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The monitoring and control unit includes a first pressure regulating valve (26), a second pressure regulating valve (27), a first flow meter (28), and a second flow meter (29). The first pressure regulating valve (26) and the first flow meter (28) are installed on the hydrogen injection pipe (22), and the second pressure regulating valve (27) and the second flow meter (29) are installed on the hydrogen collection pipe (23).

5. A three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fixing mechanism includes a first retaining ring (4) and a second retaining ring (5). The first retaining ring (4) and the second retaining ring (5) are respectively fixed to the first hydrogen storage chamber (20). The first retaining ring (4) and the second retaining ring (5) are respectively disposed at the upper part and the lower part of the first hydrogen storage chamber (20). The first retaining ring (4) and the second retaining ring (5) are both fixed to the side wall of the first hydrogen storage cavity (1).

6. A three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The two ends of the first retaining ring (4) are fixedly installed on the side wall of the first hydrogen storage cavity (1) by the first fixing bracket (12) and the second fixing bracket (13), respectively. The two ends of the second retaining ring (5) are fixedly installed on the side wall of the first hydrogen storage cavity (1) by the third fixing bracket (14) and the fourth fixing bracket (15), respectively.

7. A three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second fixing mechanism includes a third retaining ring (6) and a fourth retaining ring (7). The third retaining ring (6) and the fourth retaining ring (7) are respectively fixed to the second hydrogen storage chamber (21). The third retaining ring (6) and the fourth retaining ring (7) are respectively disposed at the upper part and the lower part of the second hydrogen storage chamber (21). The third retaining ring (6) and the fourth retaining ring (7) are both fixed to the side wall of the second hydrogen storage cavity (2).

8. A three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts according to claim 7, characterized in that: The two ends of the third retaining ring (6) are fixedly installed on the side wall of the second hydrogen storage cavity (2) by the fifth fixing bracket (16) and the sixth fixing bracket (17), respectively. The two ends of the fourth retaining ring (7) are fixedly installed on the side wall of the second hydrogen storage cavity (2) by the seventh fixing bracket (18) and the eighth fixing bracket (19), respectively.

9. A three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first hydrogen storage chamber (20) is equipped with a first valve switch (8) at the hydrogen injection port, the first hydrogen storage chamber (20) is equipped with a second valve switch (9) at the hydrogen collection port, the second hydrogen storage chamber (21) is equipped with a third valve switch (10) at the hydrogen injection port, and the second hydrogen storage chamber (21) is equipped with a fourth valve switch (11) at the hydrogen collection port.

10. A method for three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage in abandoned mine shafts, based on the three-dimensional layered hydrogen storage device for abandoned mine shafts according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: During hydrogen injection, hydrogen is injected independently into the first hydrogen storage chamber (20) and the second hydrogen storage chamber (21) through the injection and extraction unit, while the injection flow rate and pressure of the first hydrogen storage chamber (20) and the second hydrogen storage chamber (21) are adjusted in real time by the monitoring and control unit. During the hydrogen storage stage, the monitoring unit installed on the first hydrogen storage chamber (20) and the second hydrogen storage chamber (21) monitors in real time the hydrogen concentration, temperature, pressure parameters, and strain state of the chamber structure inside the first hydrogen storage chamber (20) and the second hydrogen storage chamber (21). During hydrogen extraction, hydrogen is extracted independently from the first hydrogen storage chamber (20) or the second hydrogen storage chamber (21) through the injection and extraction unit according to the gas demand, and the flow rate and pressure of the extracted hydrogen are controlled by the monitoring and control unit.

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