Preparation device and method for powder-coated flexible wire

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation device and method for a powder-coated flexible wire rod, the preparation device comprises the flexible wire rod, a yarn guide wheel, a winding device and a functional material coating assembly, the coating assembly comprises a liquid feeding device, a powder feeding device and a curing unit which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and flexible wire rod channels which are coaxially aligned are arranged in the liquid feeding device, the powder feeding device and the curing unit; the preparation method comprises the four steps of guiding conveying, adhesion liquid layer forming, dry powder coating and curing forming, a uniform adhesion liquid layer is formed through a liquid feeding device and is subjected to backflow reuse, the powder feeding device forms a rotating powder flow through an L-shaped air inlet pipe to achieve multi-stage coating and interception escape powder recycling, and the adhesion liquid layer and the functional material dry powder are cured through precise temperature control of a curing unit. The problems of low powdering rate, non-uniform distribution, raw material waste and dust pollution of a traditional process are solved, the production efficiency is improved by 30% or above, the cost is reduced by 40%, multifunctional wires with heat preservation, electric conduction, antibiosis and the like can be prepared, and the method is suitable for the fields of intelligent wearing, medical protection and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of textile technology, and in particular to an apparatus and method for preparing powder-coated flexible yarns. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of emerging fields such as smart wearables, medical protective equipment, flexible electronics, and industrial filtration, the market demand for flexible wires with multiple functions such as heat insulation, conductivity, antibacterial properties, and gas / photosensitivity / temperature / humidity sensitivity is increasing. The core of these wires is the uniform coating of functional powders on the surface of the flexible core wire, and the quality of its preparation directly affects the performance of the end product.

[0003] However, existing powder-coated flexible wire preparation technologies have significant defects and problems, specifically low powder coating rate, high pollution, slow speed, and poor controllability. These problems have long constrained the industry's development: traditional processes mostly use unidirectional powder blowing, where powder can only act on the wire surface from one direction, resulting in uneven coating and a large amount of powder failing to adhere effectively. This not only wastes raw materials but also causes pollution due to the direct emission of loose powder. Some processes use wire rotation designs to improve uniformity, which not only easily damages the wire structure but also limits production speed, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale production. At the same time, the adjustment of key process parameters is limited, resulting in insufficient controllability and an inability to adapt to the production requirements of multiple scenarios.

[0004] Among them, the "An Integrated Wet Fluidized Powder Coating Machine" with publication number CN202510601660.3 is the closest existing technology. Its core is to achieve powder coating on substrate through wet fluidization. However, it still has significant shortcomings: the wet process requires a large amount of solvent or water, which not only easily causes the performance degradation of functional powders (such as the failure of sensitive powders due to moisture), but also generates waste liquid discharge, exacerbating the problem of heavy pollution; the uniformity of fluidized coating depends on the flow stability of the liquid medium, making it difficult to accurately control the amount of powder adhering, resulting in low powder coating rate and poor controllability; and the equipment has limited adaptability. When coating flexible wires, the flexibility of the wires is easily reduced due to liquid immersion. At the same time, the wet process requires an additional drying process, which prolongs the production cycle and further highlights the disadvantage of slow speed.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects and problems of existing technologies, such as low powder application rate, high pollution, slow speed, and poor controllability, and to provide a preparation method that is easy to manufacture, highly practical, has high raw material utilization, strong controllability, strong adaptability, and can be industrialized. The type of functional particles can be adjusted according to different functional requirements to prepare multifunctional flexible wires. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a preparation apparatus for powder-coated flexible wires, including flexible wires, guide rollers, flexible wire winding devices, and functional material coating components. The functional material coating components include a liquid feeding device, a powder feeding device, and a curing unit arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The three units are provided with coaxially aligned flexible wire channels (including a liquid feeding channel, a powder feeding channel, and a curing channel). The liquid feeding device includes a liquid feeding cylinder, a precision liquid supply pump, a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid collecting funnel, and an inverted powder blocking funnel. The liquid inlet pipe faces the liquid feeding channel. The liquid collecting funnel is located at the bottom of the liquid feeding cylinder and is connected to the precision liquid supply pump to form a viscous liquid return loop. The inverted powder blocking funnel is located at the top of the liquid feeding device, and its pipe diameter is coaxial with the pipe diameter of the liquid collecting funnel. The powder feeding device includes a powder feeding cylinder, a precision screw powder feeder, an L-shaped air inlet pipe, a powder blocking funnel, and a powder escaping receiving funnel. The L-shaped air inlet pipe is equipped with a horizontal air outlet and a downward air outlet. The powder blocking funnel and the powder escaping receiving funnel are connected to form a powder feeding channel and are coaxial with the liquid feeding channel. After being guided by the yarn guide roller, the flexible wire passes through the liquid application channel, the powder application channel, and the curing channel in sequence, and is finally wound up by the flexible wire winding device. The liquid application device is used to form an adhesive liquid layer on the surface of the flexible wire, the powder application device is used to make the functional material dry powder adhere to the adhesive liquid layer, and the curing unit is used to cure the adhesive liquid layer and the functional material dry powder into shape.

[0007] Furthermore, the top and bottom of the liquid-filling cylinder are provided with round holes for wire inlet and outlet. The liquid inlet pipe is fixed to the side wall of the liquid-filling cylinder and is not less than 1 cm away from the bottom of the liquid-filling cylinder. One end of the pipe is connected to the precision liquid pump and the other end faces the flexible wire channel. The liquid collection funnel is located at the bottom of the liquid-filling cylinder.

[0008] Furthermore, the liquid feeding device also includes a powder filter cylinder installed on the liquid feeding cylinder. The circular hole at the top of the powder filter cylinder is coaxially connected to the powder collecting funnel tube at the bottom of the powder feeding device. The bottom of the powder filter cylinder is provided with an inverted powder blocking funnel for scraping the adhesive liquid layer on the surface of the flexible wire. The diameter of the inverted powder blocking funnel is coaxially opposite to the diameter of the powder collecting funnel, and the distance between them is not less than 2cm.

[0009] Furthermore, the liquid inlet pipe is located at one end inside the liquid inlet cylinder, 1-3 mm away from the flexible wire channel.

[0010] Furthermore, the powder feeding device is located directly above the liquid feeding device and includes a powder feeding cylinder, a precision screw powder feeder, a powder inlet pipe, an air inlet pipe, a powder collecting funnel, a powder blocking funnel, and a powder escaping receiving funnel. The powder feeding cylinder has a circular hole at the center of its bottom for use as the inlet and outlet of the flexible wire. The diameter of the circular hole is 2-4 mm larger than the diameter of the wire. The powder inlet pipe is fixed to the side wall of the powder feeding cylinder, 0.8-1 cm away from the bottom of the powder feeding cylinder. One end of the pipe is located inside the powder feeding cylinder and extends 1-2 mm out. The other end is connected to the precision screw powder feeder. The air inlet pipe is fixed to the side wall of the powder feeding cylinder on the same horizontal plane. One end is used to connect to the air source. The pipe openings of the powder blocking funnel and the powder escaping receiving funnel are assembled in relative contact to form a powder feeding channel coaxial with the flexible wire channel. The powder collecting funnel is located at the bottom of the powder feeding cylinder to guide the powder to flow towards the flexible wire.

[0011] Furthermore, the air intake pipe has an L-shaped structure, with a horizontal air outlet and a downward air outlet at one end located inside the powder cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, the curing unit includes a dryer, a temperature control system, and a wire conveying roller assembly; the wire conveying roller assembly is located inside the dryer and is used to drive the flexible wire through at a uniform speed; the temperature control system has an adjustment range of 80℃-160℃, which is used to adapt to the curing requirements of different functional material dry powders, so that the adhesive liquid layer and the functional material dry powder are cured and formed.

[0013] A method for preparing powder-coated flexible wires is also disclosed, including the following steps: S1. Guiding and conveying: Flexible wires with a linear density of 15tex~16.7tex (corresponding to 135D~150D) are guided by guide rollers and fed into the coaxially aligned flexible wire channel. S2. Adhesive Liquid Layer Formation: Adhesive liquid is applied to the surface of the flexible wire through a liquid application device, and a uniform adhesive liquid layer is formed by scraping through the inverted powder-blocking funnel of the liquid application device. The adhesive liquid is selected from dopamine solution, polymer spinning solution, polyurethane adhesive, silicone adhesive, acrylic adhesive, polyvinyl alcohol, bio-based flexible adhesive, and any combination thereof. It is prepared by mixing the adhesive liquid raw materials with solvent and additives in a certain proportion and stirring at 50-100 rpm for 200-400 minutes. S3. Dry powder coating: Functional material dry powder with a particle size of 20nm~7μm is fed into the powder feeding device located directly above the liquid feeding device by a precision screw feeder at a rate of 40g / h~150g / h. Combined with an air source airflow of 0.2MPa~0.3MPa pressure, the dry powder is adhered to the surface of the adhesive liquid layer. S4. Curing and molding: The flexible wire with the dry powder layer is fed into the curing unit, dried at 140°C for 5 minutes and then wound up by the flexible wire winding device to obtain the functional wire.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the adhesive liquid initially adheres to the surface of the flexible wire through the inlet pipe, and the excess adhesive liquid is collected by the collection funnel and then recycled.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S3, the functional material dry powder includes, but is not limited to, micro / nano nickel powder, micro / nano copper powder, micro / nano silver powder, micro / nano cobalt powder, micro / nano multi-element alloy powder, carbon black micro / nano powder, graphene powder, carbon nanotube powder, aerogel powder, micro / nano gas-sensitive powder, micro / nano photosensitizing powder, micro / nano temperature-sensitive powder, micro / nano humidity-sensitive powder, micro / nano antibacterial powder, micro / nano pharmaceutical powder, micro / nano pearl powder, phase change capsules, micro / nano stealth coatings, microcrystalline cellulose, micro / nano protein powder, superhydrophobic silica nanoparticles, micro / nano transition metal oxides, micro / nano conductive polymers (including polythiophene, polyaniline and polypyrrole), micro / nano MXene powder, micro / nano perovskite powder, and micro / nano boron nitride powder.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. High raw material utilization rate and significantly reduced pollution: The rotating airflow full-circumference coverage design solves the problem of low powder application rate in existing technologies. Combined with a multi-stage recycling system, the loose powder can be recycled and reused, significantly improving the raw material utilization rate. At the same time, the closed-loop reflux design of the adhesive liquid avoids waste liquid discharge, and the recycling of loose powder eliminates dust pollution, completely improving the drawbacks of high pollution in existing technologies.

[0017] 2. Increased production speed and strong controllability: Abandoning the wire rotation design, the coaxial alignment of each unit achieves stable feeding, greatly improving the production speed and solving the problem of slow speed in existing technologies; the core process parameters can be flexibly adjusted, achieving the advantage of strong controllability, and the amount of powder adhesion can be accurately controlled without relying on liquid media, overcoming the problem of insufficient stability of wet fluidized coating.

[0018] 3. Low manufacturing difficulty and high practicality: The modular structure design allows each functional unit to work independently and collaboratively, making installation and debugging convenient and requiring no complicated operations, thus meeting the characteristics of low manufacturing difficulty; the technical solution can be directly adapted to the transformation of existing production lines without the need for additional investment in a large amount of equipment, and the dry process avoids damage to flexible wires by liquids, making it highly practical and able to be quickly implemented and applied.

[0019] 4. High adaptability and industrialization potential: The types of functional particles can be adjusted according to different functional requirements to easily prepare multifunctional flexible wires, which can meet the needs of multiple fields such as smart wearables, medical protection, and flexible electronics, fully demonstrating its high adaptability; the core components are all mature industrial-grade accessories, with low procurement and maintenance costs, and can quickly achieve large-scale mass production, fully meeting the requirements for industrialization.

[0020] 5. Excellent product performance: The rotating airflow coating ensures that the powder adheres evenly and tightly to the surface of the wire. Combined with precise temperature control curing, it ensures that the powder and the core wire are firmly bonded, while maintaining the good flexibility of the wire. The prepared multifunctional flexible wire can fully meet the requirements of end products. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 : A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the preparation device, showing the connection relationship of each functional unit and the wire conveying path; Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the liquid loading device, showing the adhesive liquid reflux and scraping structure; Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of the powder feeding device, showing the rotating airflow and powder recovery structure; Figure 4 : Surface structure diagram of yarn during aerogel powder coating process (core yarn); Figure 5 : Surface structure diagram of yarn during aerogel powder coating process (adhesive coating on core yarn surface); Figure 6 : Surface structure diagram of yarn during aerogel powder coating process (aerogel-coated yarn (low magnification)); Figure 7 : Surface structure diagram of yarn during aerogel powder coating process (aerogel-coated yarn (high magnification)); Figure 8 : Surface structure diagram of yarn during carbon black powder coating process (adhesive coating on core yarn surface); Figure 9 : Surface structure diagram of yarn during carbon black powder coating process (carbon black powder coated yarn (low magnification)); Figure 10 : Surface structure diagram of yarn during carbon black powder coating process (carbon black powder coated yarn (high magnification)); Figure 11 : Surface structure diagram of yarn during nickel powder coating process (adhesive coating on core yarn surface); Figure 12 : Surface structure diagram of yarn during nickel powder coating process (nickel powder coated yarn (320x magnification)); Figure 13 : Surface structure diagram of yarn during nickel powder coating process (nickel powder coated yarn (2000x magnification)).

[0022] Figure reference numerals: 1-Flexible wire, 2-Guide roller, 3-Adhesive liquid receiving tank, 4-Liquid feeding device, 4-1-Liquid inlet pipe, 4-2-Cylindrical flexible wire inlet, 4-3-Powder filter cylinder, 4-4-Liquid collecting funnel, 4-5-Flexible wire inlet, 4-6-Inverted powder-blocking funnel, 4-7-Cylindrical flexible wire outlet, 4-8-Liquid feeding cylinder, 4-9-Liquid feeding cylinder section of flexible wire channel, 5-Precision liquid pump, 6-Powder feeding device, 6-1-Powder inlet pipe, 6-2-Air inlet pipe, 6-3-Horizontal air outlet, 6-4- 6-5-Powder collecting funnel, 6-6-Powder collecting funnel tube, 6-7-Central hole at the bottom of cylinder, 6-8-Powder feeding cylinder, 6-9-First cylinder, 6-10-Second cylinder, 6-11-Third cylinder, 6-12-Powder feeding cylinder section of flexible wire channel, 6-13-Powder blocking funnel, 6-14-Powder feeding channel, 6-15-Escaped powder receiving funnel, 7-Screw powder feeder, 8-Air pump, 9-Curing unit, 10-Wire conveying roller group, 11-Flexible wire winding device, 12-Powder-coated flexible wire. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0025] Example 1: Overall Structure of the Preparation Apparatus The apparatus for preparing powder-coated flexible wires provided in this application includes a flexible wire 1, a guide roller 2, a flexible wire winding device 11, and a functional material coating component. The functional material coating component comprises, from bottom to top, a liquid application device 4, a powder application device 6, and a curing unit 9. Each of the three components has a coaxially aligned flexible wire channel (including a liquid application cylindrical section 4-9 and a powder application cylindrical section 6-12). The flexible wire 1 is guided by the guide roller 2, passes through the flexible wire channel, and is finally wound up by the flexible wire winding device 11. The liquid application device 4 forms an adhesive liquid layer on the surface of the flexible wire 1, the powder application device 6 adheres the functional material dry powder to the adhesive liquid layer, and the curing unit 9 cures the adhesive liquid layer and the functional material dry powder into a solid shape.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the above structure enables continuous and integrated functional coating processing of flexible wire 1. The core advantage lies in the coaxial alignment design of the liquid-coated cylindrical section 4-9 and the powder-coated cylindrical section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel. Combined with the coaxial through-hole design of the flexible wire inlet 4-5, the cylindrical flexible wire inlet 4-2, the cylindrical flexible wire outlet 4-7, and the central hole 6-7 at the bottom of the cylinder, a wire conveying path without deviation is formed throughout the entire process. The flexible wire 1 first completes the adhesion of the adhesive liquid layer through the liquid-coated cylindrical section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel, and then seamlessly connects to the powder-coated cylindrical section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel for dry powder coating. This avoids the wire from shifting or bending when passing through the three processes of adhesive liquid adhesion, dry powder coating, and curing, ensuring that the processing position of the wire in each process is accurate and consistent. Meanwhile, the functional units are arranged sequentially from bottom to top, taking advantage of gravity. The adhesive liquid can spread naturally under gravity and be further processed by subsequent units. The dry powder can also adhere more efficiently to the surface of the liquid-laden wire conveyed below under the assistance of airflow. The first cylinder 6-9, the second cylinder 6-10, and the third cylinder 6-11 set in the powder coating device 6 form a graded coating space. The overall structure is compact and the process is smoothly connected, which solves the problems of scattered processing units, easy wire conveying deviation, and poor process coordination in traditional devices. This lays a structural foundation for subsequent accurate coating and stable molding. In addition, the bottom of the liquid coating device 4 is also equipped with an adhesive liquid receiving tank 3, which can collect the small amount of adhesive liquid overflowing from the liquid collection funnel 4-4, further avoiding raw material waste and environmental pollution.

[0027] Example 2: Structure of the liquid loading device In this embodiment, in addition to the structural features of the aforementioned embodiments, the liquid feeding device 4 includes a liquid feeding cylinder 4-8, a precision liquid supply pump 5, a liquid inlet pipe 4-1, and a liquid collection funnel 4-4. The top and bottom of the liquid feeding cylinder 4-8 are provided with circular holes for the inlet and outlet of the wire (the flexible wire inlet 4-2 and the flexible wire outlet 4-7 of the cylinder, respectively). The liquid inlet pipe 4-1 is fixed to the side wall of the liquid feeding cylinder 4-8 and is not less than 1 cm away from the bottom of the liquid feeding cylinder 4-8. One end of the pipe is connected to the precision liquid supply pump 5, and the other end faces the liquid feeding cylinder section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel. The liquid collection funnel 4-4 is located at the bottom of the liquid feeding cylinder 4-8.

[0028] In this embodiment, the liquid feeding device 4 also includes a powder filter cylinder 4-3 disposed on the liquid feeding cylinder 4-8. The round hole at the top of the powder filter cylinder 4-3 is coaxially connected to the powder collecting funnel tube 6-6 at the bottom of the powder feeding device 6. The bottom of the powder filter cylinder 4-3 is provided with an inverted powder blocking funnel 4-6 for scraping the adhesive liquid layer on the surface of the flexible wire 1. The diameter of the inverted powder blocking funnel 4-6 is coaxially opposite to the diameter of the powder collecting funnel 6-5, and the interval distance is 2cm.

[0029] In this embodiment, the liquid inlet pipe 4-1 is located at one end inside the liquid inlet cylinder 4-8, and is 1-3 mm away from the liquid inlet cylinder section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 2As shown, the above structure achieves precise and uniform adhesion of the adhesive liquid layer and efficient recovery pretreatment. Specifically, the coaxial design of the flexible wire inlet 4-5, the cylindrical flexible wire outlet 4-7, and the liquid-filled cylindrical section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel ensures smooth entry and exit of the wire into and out of the liquid-filled cylinder 4-8, avoiding friction and scratches between the wire and the cylinder wall due to inlet / outlet misalignment. The 1-3mm spacing between the inlet pipe 4-1 and the liquid-filled cylindrical section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel ensures stable spraying of the adhesive liquid onto the wire surface while avoiding scratches from excessively close spacing or waste of liquid from excessively far spacing. The PLC-controlled precision liquid pump 5 can flexibly adjust the liquid supply rate according to the wire linear density (15tex~16.7tex), adapting to the adhesion requirements of different wires and preventing excessive accumulation or insufficient adhesion of the adhesive liquid. The inverted powder-blocking funnel 4-6 at the top of the liquid-filling cylinder 4-8 not only scrapes away excess adhesive liquid from the wire surface, forming a uniform adhesive liquid layer (thickness controllable at 5-10μm), but its outer powder filter cylinder 4-3 further prevents powder escaping from the powder-filling device 6 from entering the interior of the liquid-filling cylinder 4-8, thus avoiding powder contamination of the adhesive liquid. At the same time, the central circular hole 4-7 at the bottom of the powder filter cylinder 4-3 cooperates with the inverted powder-blocking funnel 4-6 to form a secondary scraping channel, further optimizing the uniformity of the adhesive liquid layer. The coaxial design of the inverted powder-blocking funnel 4-6 and the powder-collecting funnel tube 6-6 of the powder-filling device 6 also creates a closed transition channel, ensuring that the wire can accurately enter the powder-filling cylinder section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel after passing through the liquid-filling cylinder section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel, preventing subsequent dry powder from diffusing into the liquid-filling device 4, and avoiding the evaporation of the adhesive liquid from affecting the activity of the dry powder. The bottom liquid collection funnel 4-4 can quickly collect the excess adhesive liquid dripping from the wire and remaining on the inner wall of the liquid feeding cylinder 4-8. The adhesive liquid receiving tank 3 below can collect the small amount of adhesive liquid overflowing from the liquid collection funnel 4-4. The dual recovery structure ensures that there is no waste of adhesive liquid and provides a perfect structural support for recirculation and reuse. It solves the core pain points of uneven liquid layer, uncontrolled liquid supply, and waste of raw materials in traditional liquid feeding devices.

[0031] Example 3: Structure of the powder coating device In this embodiment, in addition to the structural features of the aforementioned embodiments, the powder feeding device is located directly above the liquid feeding device and includes a powder feeding cylinder 6-8, a precision screw powder feeder 7, a powder inlet pipe 6-1, an air inlet pipe 6-2, a powder collecting funnel 6-5, a powder blocking funnel 6-13, and an escaping powder receiving funnel 6-15. The powder feeding cylinder 6-8 has a circular hole at its bottom center, serving as an inlet / outlet 6-7 for flexible wires; the diameter of the circular hole is 2-4 mm larger than the wire diameter. The powder inlet pipe 6-1 is fixed to the side wall of the powder feeding cylinder 6-8, at a distance of 6-1 mm from the powder feeding cylinder 6-8. 8. The bottom is 0.8-1cm long, one end of which is located inside the powder feeding cylinder 6-8 and extends 1-2mm, and the other end is connected to the precision screw powder feeder 7; the air inlet pipe 6-2 and the powder inlet pipe 6-1 are fixed to the side wall of the powder feeding cylinder 6-8 on the same horizontal plane, and one end is used to connect to the air source; the powder blocking funnel 6-13 and the powder escaping receiving funnel 6-15 are assembled in relative contact with each other to form a powder feeding channel coaxial with the flexible wire channel; the powder collecting funnel 6-5 is located at the bottom of the powder feeding cylinder 6-8 to guide the powder to flow to the flexible wire.

[0032] In this embodiment, the air inlet pipe 6-2 has an L-shaped structure, and one end of it located inside the powder cylinder 6-8 is provided with a horizontal air outlet 6-3 and a downward air outlet 6-4.

[0033] In this embodiment, the diameter of the central hole 6-7 at the bottom of the powder-coating cylinder 6-8 is 2-4 mm larger than the diameter of the wire, which ensures smooth passage of the wire and prevents powder from escaping from the gaps. The powder inlet pipe 6-1 is fixed to the side wall of the powder-coating cylinder 6-8, 0.8-1 cm away from the bottom of the powder-coating cylinder 6-8. This spacing design allows the powder and airflow to mix in the optimal area, improving the uniformity of coating. One end of the powder inlet pipe 6-1 inside the powder-coating cylinder 6-8 extends out 1-2 mm and is located on the same horizontal plane as the horizontal air outlet 6-3. The pipe of the powder collecting funnel 6-5 is inserted into the top of the liquid-coating cylinder 4-8 of the liquid-coating device 4, and is coaxially aligned with the liquid-coating cylinder section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel and the powder-coating cylinder section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the above structure constructs a multi-stage, high-utilization dry powder coating system, effectively solving the problems of low powder application rate, uneven distribution, and dust pollution associated with traditional powder blowing. The first cylinder 6-9, the second cylinder 6-10, and the third cylinder 6-11 within the powder coating cylinder 6-8 form a graded coating space. Combined with the powder-blocking funnel 6-13 and the powder-receiving funnel 6-15, which together form the powder coating channel 6-14, multi-stage powder interception and recycling are achieved. The horizontal air outlet 6-3 of the L-shaped air inlet pipe 6-2 is coplanar with the powder inlet pipe 6-1, driving the dry powder to form a horizontal rotating airflow. This achieves 360° coating of the wire within the powder coating cylinder section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel, while the downward air outlet 6-4 prevents dry powder from depositing at the bottom of the powder coating cylinder 6-8, ensuring continuous powder participation in coating. The 1-2mm extension of the powder inlet pipe 6-1 prevents powder from directly impacting the inner wall of the cylinder, causing agglomeration and ensuring thorough mixing of the powder and airflow. The powder-catching funnel 6-13 and the powder-receiving funnel 6-15 form a powder-applying channel 6-14, which can intercept powder that has not adhered in time through multiple stages. The intercepted dry powder can be reintegrated into the rotating airflow for recycling. Combined with the guiding effect of the powder-collecting funnel 6-5 on the powder, and the graded blocking effect of the first cylinder 6-9, the second cylinder 6-10, and the third cylinder 6-11, the powder application rate is increased from the traditional 50% to over 85%. The central hole 6-7 at the bottom of the powder-applying cylinder 6-8 is coaxially connected to the powder-collecting funnel tube 6-6, which not only ensures that the wire smoothly transitions from the liquid-applying cylinder section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel to the powder-applying cylinder section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel, but also guides the unattached powder back to the powder-collecting funnel 6-5, further reducing waste. Meanwhile, the coaxial alignment design of the powder collecting funnel 6-5 with the liquid-filling cylinder section 4-9 and the powder-filling cylinder section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel further ensures that the powder is accurately applied to the surface of the wire with the adhesive liquid layer, avoiding powder waste. Moreover, the entire powder application process is carried out in the closed powder application cylinder 6-8 and the grading cylinder, with no dust overflow, taking into account both environmental protection and coating stability.

[0035] Example 4: Curing Unit Structure In this embodiment, in addition to the structural features of the aforementioned embodiments, the curing unit 9 includes a dryer, a temperature control system, and a wire conveying roller group 10; the wire conveying roller group 10 is located inside the dryer and is used to drive the flexible wire 1 through at a uniform speed; the temperature control system is used to adjust the internal temperature of the dryer so that the adhesive liquid layer and the functional material dry powder are cured and formed.

[0036] In this embodiment, the inlet and outlet of the dryer are coaxially aligned with the liquid-coated cylindrical section 4-9 and the powder-coated cylindrical section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel to prevent the wire from shifting during the curing process. Furthermore, the inlet and outlet of the dryer form a continuous conveying path with the central circular hole 6-7 at the bottom of the cylinder of the powder-coating device 6 and the inlet end of the flexible wire winding device 11 to ensure stable transmission of the powder-coated flexible wire 12. The temperature control system can adjust the drying temperature to 80-160℃ according to the type of functional material.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the above structure achieves precise curing of the adhesive liquid layer and the functional material powder, while maintaining the original flexibility and structural integrity of the wire. The wire conveying roller group 10 can drive the wire through the dryer at a uniform speed of 0.5-2m / min, avoiding material aging due to excessive local curing time or weak curing due to insufficient curing time; the temperature control system has an adjustable range of 80-160℃, which can be adapted to different functional powders (such as silica aerogel powder adapted to 80-100℃, nickel powder adapted to 140-160℃), ensuring that each powder can be fully cross-linked and cured with the adhesive liquid, thereby improving the bonding strength. The coaxial alignment of the dryer's inlet and outlet with the liquid-coating cylindrical section 4-9 and the powder-coating cylindrical section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel, along with the continuous layout with the central circular hole 6-7 at the bottom of the powder-coating device 6 and the wire inlet of the flexible wire winding device 11, prevents the wire from shifting or twisting during the curing process after passing through the powder-coating cylindrical section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel, avoiding powder layer detachment or uneven thickness. The cured powder coating on the flexible wire 12 is then discharged via the wire conveying roller group 10 and directly enters the flexible wire winding device 11 for winding, forming an integrated "coating-curing-winding" process, further improving production efficiency. Compared to traditional curing devices, this structure solves the problems of uncontrollable curing temperature and easy wire shifting, while also protecting the wire's flexibility through precise temperature control, allowing the cured wire to be bent 180° without powder detachment, meeting the application requirements of flexible electronics, smart wearables, and other scenarios.

[0038] Example 5: Overall Flowchart of Preparation Method In this embodiment, the method for preparing powder-coated flexible wires also disclosed includes the following steps: S1. Guiding and conveying: Flexible wires with a linear density of 15tex~16.7tex (corresponding to 135D~150D) are guided by guide rollers and fed into the coaxially aligned flexible wire channel. S2. Adhesive liquid layer formation: Adhesive liquid is applied to the surface of the flexible wire through a liquid application device, and a uniform adhesive liquid layer is formed by scraping through the inverted powder-blocking funnel of the liquid application device; the adhesive liquid is selected from dopamine solution, polymer spinning solution, polyurethane adhesive, silicone adhesive, acrylic adhesive, polyvinyl alcohol, bio-based flexible adhesive and any combination thereof, and is prepared by mixing the adhesive liquid raw materials with solvent and additives in proportion and stirring at 50-100 rpm for 200-400 minutes; S3. Dry powder coating: Functional material dry powder with a particle size of 20nm~7μm is fed into the powder feeding device located directly above the liquid feeding device by a precision screw feeder at a rate of 40g / h~150g / h. Combined with an air source airflow of 0.2MPa~0.3MPa pressure, the dry powder is adhered to the surface of the adhesive liquid layer. S4. Curing and molding: The flexible wire with the dry powder layer is fed into the curing unit, dried at 140°C for 5 minutes and then wound up by the flexible wire winding device to obtain the functional wire.

[0039] In this embodiment, in step S2, the adhesive liquid initially adheres to the surface of the flexible wire through the inlet pipe, and excess adhesive liquid is collected through a collection funnel and recycled. This embodiment uses stirring parameters of 80 rpm and 300 minutes. If other adhesive liquids (such as dopamine solution) are used, the stirring speed can be adjusted to 50-100 rpm and the stirring time to 200-400 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion of the adhesive liquid.

[0040] In this embodiment, in step S3, the functional material dry powder includes, but is not limited to, micro / nano nickel powder, micro / nano copper powder, micro / nano silver powder, micro / nano cobalt powder, micro / nano multi-element alloy powder, carbon black micro / nano powder, graphene powder, carbon nanotube powder, aerogel powder, micro / nano gas-sensitive powder, micro / nano photosensitizing powder, micro / nano temperature-sensitive powder, micro / nano humidity-sensitive powder, micro / nano antibacterial powder, micro / nano pharmaceutical powder, micro / nano pearl powder, phase change capsules, micro / nano stealth coatings, microcrystalline cellulose, micro / nano protein powder, superhydrophobic silica nanoparticles, micro / nano transition metal oxides, micro / nano conductive polymers (including polythiophene, polyaniline and polypyrrole), micro / nano MXene powder, micro / nano perovskite powder, and micro / nano boron nitride powder.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the above method can efficiently prepare multifunctional flexible wires with stable performance, while taking into account raw material utilization, environmental friendliness, and industrial adaptability. The selection of linear density parameters (15 tex to 16.7 tex) in step S1 is compatible with the size design of the flexible wire channel liquid-filling cylindrical section 4-9 and the flexible wire inlet 4-5 and cylindrical flexible wire inlet 4-2 of the liquid-filling device 4, ensuring smooth wire transport without excessive compression. The formulation and stirring parameters of the adhesive liquid in step S2 ensure that the adhesive liquid raw materials are fully dissolved, and the dispersant and wetting agent work synergistically to prevent adhesive liquid agglomeration. Combined with the scraping and coating process of the inverted powder-blocking funnel 4-6 and powder filter cylinder 4-3, and the dual reflux reuse process of the liquid collection funnel 4-4 and adhesive liquid receiving tank 3, both liquid layer uniformity and adhesive liquid utilization rate ≥90% are guaranteed, with no waste liquid discharge. In step S3, precise matching of particle size and feeding speed for different dry powders, combined with the pressure of the air pump 8 (0.2MPa~0.3MPa) and the graded coating space of the first cylinder 6-9, the second cylinder 6-10, and the third cylinder 6-11, allows the dry powder to adhere tightly to the adhesive liquid layer. The rotating powder flow achieves all-round coating of the wire in the powder-coated cylindrical section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel. The escaped powder is returned and reused through the powder-blocking funnel 6-13, the powder-receiving funnel 6-15, and the powder-feeding channel 6-14, further reducing raw material waste. The curing parameters of 140℃ / 5 minutes in step S4 are suitable for the cross-linking requirements of most dry powders and adhesive liquids, ensuring that the adhesive liquid layer and the functional material dry powder are firmly bonded after curing. The resulting powder-coated flexible wire 12 has stable performance and can be applied in batches in multiple fields such as medical protection, flexible electronics, and smart wearables. Compared with traditional processes, production efficiency is increased by more than 30%, and the overall production cost is reduced by 40%.

[0042] Example 6: Preparation of Aerogel-Coated Yarn This embodiment relates to the preparation of an aerogel-coated yarn, which comprises a core yarn and an aerogel functional coating layer. The specific preparation process is as follows: Material preparation: (1) Yarn: Polyester filament bulky yarn is used as the core yarn, with a linear density of 150D (corresponding to 16.7tex). The polyester filament yarn is prepared according to Figure 1 The technical route is to thread the yarn; (2) Aerogel functional powder: white spherical silica particles with an average particle size of 20nm. Add the aerogel powder to the feeder 7 of the screw feeder; (3) Adhesive liquid formulation and preparation: The adhesive liquid formulation is 9 parts polyphenol oxy resin PKHH, 45 parts diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate solvent DCAC, 0.02 parts dispersant 8055, and 0.1 parts nonionic wetting agent PE100. Stir for 300 minutes.

[0043] Adhesive preparation steps: Weigh each material according to the formula, and pour 9 parts of polyphenol oxy resin, 45 parts of diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate solvent, 0.02 parts of dispersant 8055, and 0.1 parts of nonionic wetting agent PE100 into a planetary vacuum mixer in proportion. Set the speed to 80 rpm and start the mixer to stir for 300 minutes to obtain the adhesive. Transfer the prepared adhesive to a precision feed pump, and the precision feed pump will accurately supply the adhesive to the liquid feeding device 4 as needed. Liquid application: Core yarn 1 is fed upward by wire conveying roller 2 and enters liquid application device 4 under the action of wire conveying roller group 10. Adhesive liquid is delivered to inlet pipe 4-1 by precision liquid pump 5 and flows out from one end of inlet pipe located inside cylinder, adhering to the flexible wire passing through the liquid application cylinder section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel, realizing the first liquid application; excess adhesive liquid at the inlet pipe inlet flows into the bottom of cylinder 4-8 under the action of gravity, and adheres again to the flexible wire passing through the center hole 4-2 at the bottom of the liquid application cylinder, realizing the second liquid application; excess adhesive liquid at the bottom of cylinder 4-8 flows into collection funnel 4-4 under the action of gravity, and adheres again to the flexible wire passing through collection funnel pipe 4-5, realizing the third liquid application; excess adhesive liquid continues to move downward and meets wire conveying roller group 2, and under the squeezing of roller group, it is... The adhesive liquid is roller-coated onto the yarn surface, achieving the fourth liquid application. The flexible yarn coated with adhesive liquid continues to move upward, passing sequentially through the top circular hole 4-2 of the liquid application cylinder, the central circular hole 4-7 of the bottom of the powder filter cylinder, the inverted powder-blocking funnel tube 4-6, and the powder-collecting funnel tube 6-6. Through the scraping of the central hole and the funnel tube, the adhesive liquid layer becomes more uniform. At the same time, excess adhesive liquid on the flexible yarn is scraped off and, under the action of gravity and scraping friction, flows back into the liquid application cylinder 4-8 and the liquid collection funnel 4-4 along the flexible yarn, continuing the liquid circulation. In this embodiment, the total amount of adhesive liquid recovered through the liquid collection funnel and adhesive liquid receiving tank accounts for 93% of the total liquid supply, and the utilization rate meets the design expectations.

[0044] Powder coating: Flexible wires coated with an adhesive liquid layer are fed upwards into the powder coating device by the wire conveying roller group 10. Aerogel powder is conveyed into the cylinder of the powder coating device by a precision powder feeder 7 at a feeding speed of 40g / h. Air compressor 8 delivers airflow through the air inlet pipe 6-2 into the powder coating cylinder 6-8 at a pressure of 0.At 2 MPa, horizontal and downward airflows are generated along the horizontal outlet 6-3 and the downward outlet 6-4. The horizontal airflow rotates around the sidewall of the cylinder to form a rotating airflow, while the downward airflow blows towards the bottom of the cylinder 6-8, causing the powder deposited at the bottom to float upwards and enter the rotating airflow for further rotation. Wires with adhering liquid on their surface pass through the liquid-filled cylinder section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel and precisely enter the powder-filled cylinder section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel. During rotation, some of the powder coats the surface of the flexible wires within the powder-filled cylinder section 6-12 with the adhering liquid layer. Under the influence of air pressure and the flexible wire conveying action, the rotating powder flow splits into an upward powder flow and a downward powder flow. The downward powder flow's rotation diameter shrinks to the size of the cylinder 6-8. When the bottom center hole is reached, the adhesive layer on the surface of the wire undergoes a second coating. The remaining powder flows down to the powder collecting funnel 6-5. Under the action of the conical sidewall of the powder collecting funnel 6-5, the diameter of the powder flow gradually decreases to the powder collecting funnel tube 6-6, thus coating the adhesive layer of the wire that has passed through the powder collecting funnel a third time. The residual airflow through the powder collecting funnel tube 6-6 flows down into the upper part of the powder filter cylinder 4-3 in the liquid feeding device. The airflow pressure decreases rapidly, and the powder fills the entire powder blocking cylinder 4-3. Due to the blocking effect of the inverted powder blocking funnel 4-6, most of the powder is intercepted and collected, and a small portion of the powder flows into the diameter of the inverted powder blocking funnel tube, thus coating the adhesive layer of the wire that has just passed through the liquid feeding cylinder section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel a fourth time. A small portion of the powder flow passes through the central hole 4-7 at the bottom of the powder-blocking cylinder, performing a fifth coating on the adhesive layer on the surface of the flexible wire about to enter the powder-blocking cylinder section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel. The upward-flowing powder flow is blocked by the powder-blocking funnel 6-13, and its rotation radius gradually decreases to the diameter 6-14 of the funnel. Some powder is blocked by the funnel 6-13 and re-enters the rotating airflow below under gravity, achieving the first cycle of powder coating. The powder flow entering the funnel diameter 6-13 continues to perform a sixth coating on the adhesive layer of the flexible wire within the powder-blocking cylinder section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel. The rotation radius of the powder flow exiting the funnel increases first, then its rotation speed decreases, and some powder is deposited in the powder-escape receiving funnel 6-1. 5. As the powder flow continues upward, it encounters the powder-blocking funnel 6-13 again. Some powder is trapped and deposited in the powder-escape receiving funnel 6-15. Under the action of gravity, the powder in the powder-escape receiving funnel slides into the flexible wire channel 6-14, which is composed of the powder-escape receiving funnel tube and the powder-blocking funnel tube. This continues to coat the surface adhesion layer of the wire in the powder-coated cylindrical section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel, forming a second cycle of powder coating. After the powder is trapped and re-coated in the first cylinder 6-9, the second cylinder 6-10, and the third cylinder 6-11, the powder is coated to the maximum extent, reducing powder escape. At the same time, the rotating airflow coats the surface adhesion layer of the wire with powder while blowing away the loosely adhered powder. Drying: The powder-loaded flexible wire continues to move upward and directly enters dryer 9 for drying at a temperature of 140℃ for 5 minutes. Winding: The dried powder-coated yarn is conveyed by the drive rollers to the flexible yarn winding device 11 for winding, and finally the aerogel powder-coated yarn 12 is obtained.

[0045] The core yarn filaments of the aerogel-coated yarn have smooth, fluffy surfaces and large gaps between the filaments. Figure 4 After the liquid is applied, the filaments are filled and fixed by the adhesive liquid. Figure 5 After the powder is applied, the yarn surface is completely covered by aerogel powder, and there are many micropores between the aerogel powder particles. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The aerogel powder, when magnified, exhibits a fluffy, porous structure. The thermal conductivity of the aerogel-coated yarn is 0.028 W / (m·K), which is 40% lower than that of the original yarn, demonstrating excellent thermal insulation performance.

[0046] Example 7: Preparation of carbon black powder coated yarn This embodiment relates to the preparation of a carbon black powder-coated yarn, which comprises a core yarn and a carbon black powder functional coating layer. The specific preparation process is as follows: Material preparation: (1) Yarn: Polyester-cotton blended yarn, linear density 15tex, the polyester-cotton blended yarn is prepared according to Figure 1 The technical route is to thread the yarn; (2) Carbon black powder: conductive and thermally conductive powder, 1000 mesh, add carbon black powder to the feeder 7 of the screw feeder; (3) Adhesive liquid formulation and preparation: the adhesive liquid formulation is 9 parts polyphenol oxy resin PKHH, 45 parts diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate solvent DCAC, 0.02 parts dispersant 8055, 0.1 parts nonionic wetting agent PE100, stir for 300 minutes.

[0047] Adhesive preparation steps: Weigh each material according to the formula, and pour 9 parts of polyphenol oxy resin, 45 parts of diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate solvent, 0.02 parts of dispersant 8055, and 0.1 parts of nonionic wetting agent PE100 into a planetary vacuum mixer in proportion. Set the speed to 80 rpm and start the mixer to stir for 300 minutes to obtain the adhesive. Transfer the prepared adhesive to a precision feed pump, and the precision feed pump will accurately supply the adhesive to the liquid feeding device 4 as needed. Liquid application: Core yarn 1 is fed upward by wire conveying roller 2 and enters liquid application device 4 under the action of wire conveying roller group 10. Adhesive liquid is delivered to inlet pipe 4-1 by precision liquid pump 5 and flows out from one end of inlet pipe located inside cylinder, adhering to the flexible wire passing through the liquid application cylinder section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel, realizing the first liquid application; excess adhesive liquid at the inlet pipe inlet flows into the bottom of cylinder 4-8 under the action of gravity, and adheres again to the flexible wire passing through the center hole 4-2 at the bottom of the liquid application cylinder, realizing the second liquid application; excess adhesive liquid at the bottom of cylinder 4-8 flows into collection funnel 4-4 under the action of gravity, and adheres again to the flexible wire passing through collection funnel pipe 4-5, realizing the third liquid application; excess adhesive liquid continues to... Continuing to move downwards, it encounters the yarn conveying roller group 2. Under the pressure of the roller group, the adhesive liquid is roller-coated onto the surface of the yarn, realizing the fourth liquid application. The flexible yarn coated with adhesive liquid continues to move upwards, passing in sequence through the top round hole 4-2 of the liquid application cylinder, the center round hole 4-7 of the bottom of the powder filter cylinder, the inverted powder-blocking funnel tube 4-6, and the powder-collecting funnel tube 6-6. Through the scraping of the center hole and the funnel tube, the adhesive liquid layer becomes more uniform. At the same time, it can scrape off the excess adhesive liquid on the flexible yarn. Under the action of gravity and scraping friction, it flows back into the liquid application cylinder 4-8 and the liquid collection funnel 4-4 along the flexible yarn, continuing the liquid application cycle. Powdering: Flexible wires coated with an adhesive liquid layer are fed upwards into the powdering device by the wire conveying roller group 10. Carbon black powder is conveyed into the cylinder of the powdering device by the precision powder feeder 7 at a feeding speed of 50g / h. The air compressor 8 delivers airflow through the air inlet pipe 6-2 into the powdering cylinder 6-8 at a pressure of 0.At 25 MPa, horizontal and downward airflows are generated along the horizontal outlet 6-3 and the downward outlet 6-4. The horizontal airflow rotates around the sidewall of the cylinder to form a rotating airflow, while the downward airflow blows towards the bottom of the cylinder 6-8, causing the powder deposited at the bottom to float upwards and enter the rotating airflow for further rotation. The wire with adhesive liquid on its surface passes through the liquid-coated cylinder section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel and precisely enters the powder-coated cylinder section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel. During rotation, some of the powder coats the surface of the flexible wire within the powder-coated cylinder section 6-12 with the adhesive liquid layer. Under the action of air pressure and the flexible wire conveying, the rotating powder flow splits into an upward powder flow and a downward powder flow. The downward powder flow's rotation diameter shrinks to the size of the cylinder 6-8. When the bottom center hole is reached, the adhesive layer on the surface of the wire undergoes a second coating. The remaining powder flows down to the powder collecting funnel 6-5. Under the action of the conical sidewall of the powder collecting funnel 6-5, the diameter of the powder flow gradually decreases to the powder collecting funnel tube 6-6, thus coating the adhesive layer of the wire that has passed through the powder collecting funnel a third time. The residual airflow through the powder collecting funnel tube 6-6 flows down into the upper part of the powder filter cylinder 4-3 in the liquid feeding device. The airflow pressure decreases rapidly, and the powder fills the entire powder blocking cylinder 4-3. Due to the blocking effect of the inverted powder blocking funnel 4-6, most of the powder is intercepted and collected, and a small portion of the powder flows into the diameter of the inverted powder blocking funnel tube, thus coating the adhesive layer of the wire that has just passed through the liquid feeding cylinder section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel a fourth time. A small portion of the powder flow passes through the central hole 4-7 at the bottom of the powder-blocking cylinder, performing a fifth coating on the adhesive layer on the surface of the flexible wire about to enter the powder-blocking cylinder section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel. The upward-flowing powder flow is blocked by the powder-blocking funnel 6-13, and its rotation radius gradually decreases to the diameter 6-14 of the funnel. Some powder is blocked by the funnel 6-13 and re-enters the rotating airflow below under gravity, achieving the first cycle of powder coating. The powder flow entering the funnel diameter 6-13 continues to perform a sixth coating on the adhesive layer of the flexible wire within the powder-blocking cylinder section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel. The rotation radius of the powder flow exiting the funnel increases first, then its rotation speed decreases, and some powder is deposited in the powder-escape receiving funnel 6-1. 5. As the powder flow continues upward, it encounters the powder-blocking funnel 6-13 again. Some powder is trapped and deposited in the powder-escape receiving funnel 6-15. Under the action of gravity, the powder in the powder-escape receiving funnel slides into the flexible wire channel 6-14, which is composed of the powder-escape receiving funnel tube and the powder-blocking funnel tube. This continues to coat the surface adhesion layer of the wire in the powder-coated cylindrical section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel, forming a second cycle of powder coating. After the powder is trapped and re-coated in the first cylinder 6-9, the second cylinder 6-10, and the third cylinder 6-11, the powder is coated to the maximum extent, reducing powder escape. At the same time, the rotating airflow coats the surface adhesion layer of the wire with powder while blowing away the loosely adhered powder. Drying: The powder-loaded flexible wire continues to move upward and directly enters dryer 9 for drying at a temperature of 140℃ for 5 minutes. Winding: The dried powder-coated wire is conveyed by the drive rollers and sent to the flexible wire winding device 11 for winding, finally obtaining carbon black powder-coated yarn 12.

[0048] The carbon black powder produced is coated with yarn as follows Figures 8 to 10 As shown. Figure 8 The yarn surface is covered with adhesive liquid after being coated with the liquid, and the yarn structure is clearly visible. Figure 9 The yarn surface structure is completely coated with carbon black powder after powdering. Figure 10 The magnified image shows that most of the carbon black powder is densely and evenly distributed, with a small portion showing cracks, which may be related to the excessively fast drying speed.

[0049] Example 8: Preparation of Nickel Powder Coated Yarn This embodiment relates to the preparation of a nickel powder-coated yarn, which comprises a core yarn and a nickel powder functional coating layer. The specific preparation process is as follows: Material preparation: (1) Yarn: Nylon filament yarn, linear density 150D (corresponding to 16.7tex), the nylon filament yarn is prepared according to Figure 1 The technical route is to thread the yarn; (2) Nickel powder: particle size 2-7 micrometers, density 1.3-1.8g / cm³, add nickel powder to the feeder 7 of the screw feeder; (3) Adhesive liquid formulation and preparation: the adhesive liquid formulation is 9 parts polyphenol oxy resin PKHH, 45 parts diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate solvent DCAC, 0.02 parts dispersant 8055, 0.1 parts nonionic wetting agent PE100, stir for 300 minutes.

[0050] Adhesive preparation steps: Weigh each material according to the formula, and pour 9 parts of polyphenol oxy resin, 45 parts of diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate solvent, 0.02 parts of dispersant 8055, and 0.1 parts of nonionic wetting agent PE100 into a planetary vacuum mixer in proportion. Set the speed to 80 rpm and start the mixer to stir for 300 minutes to obtain the adhesive. Transfer the prepared adhesive to a precision feed pump, and the precision feed pump will accurately supply the adhesive to the liquid feeding device 4 as needed. Liquid application: Core yarn 1 is fed upward by wire conveying roller 2 and enters liquid application device 4 under the action of wire conveying roller group 10. Adhesive liquid is delivered to inlet pipe 4-1 by precision liquid pump 5 and flows out from one end of inlet pipe located inside cylinder, adhering to the flexible wire passing through the liquid application cylinder section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel, realizing the first liquid application; excess adhesive liquid at the inlet pipe inlet flows into the bottom of cylinder 4-8 under the action of gravity, and adheres again to the flexible wire passing through the center hole 4-2 at the bottom of the liquid application cylinder, realizing the second liquid application; excess adhesive liquid at the bottom of cylinder 4-8 flows into collection funnel 4-4 under the action of gravity, and adheres again to the flexible wire passing through collection funnel pipe 4-5, realizing the third liquid application; excess adhesive liquid continues to... Continuing to move downwards, it encounters the yarn conveying roller group 2. Under the pressure of the roller group, the adhesive liquid is roller-coated onto the surface of the yarn, realizing the fourth liquid application. The flexible yarn coated with adhesive liquid continues to move upwards, passing in sequence through the top round hole 4-2 of the liquid application cylinder, the center round hole 4-7 of the bottom of the powder filter cylinder, the inverted powder-blocking funnel tube 4-6, and the powder-collecting funnel tube 6-6. Through the scraping of the center hole and the funnel tube, the adhesive liquid layer becomes more uniform. At the same time, it can scrape off the excess adhesive liquid on the flexible yarn. Under the action of gravity and scraping friction, it flows back into the liquid application cylinder 4-8 and the liquid collection funnel 4-4 along the flexible yarn, continuing the liquid application cycle. Powder coating: Flexible wires coated with an adhesive liquid layer are fed upwards into the powder coating device by the wire conveying roller group 10. Nickel powder is conveyed into the cylinder of the powder coating device by the precision powder feeder 7 at a feeding speed of 150g / h. The air compressor 8 delivers airflow through the air inlet pipe 6-2 into the powder coating cylinder 6-8 at a pressure of 0.At 3MPa, horizontal and downward airflows are generated along the horizontal air outlet 6-3 and the downward air outlet 6-4. The horizontal airflow rotates around the sidewall of the cylinder to form a rotating airflow, while the downward airflow blows towards the bottom of the cylinder 6-8, causing the powder deposited at the bottom to float upwards and enter the rotating airflow for further rotation. Wires with adhering liquid on their surface pass through the liquid-filled cylinder section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel and precisely enter the powder-filled cylinder section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel. During rotation, some of the powder coats the surface of the flexible wires within the powder-filled cylinder section 6-12 with the adhering liquid layer. Under the action of air pressure and the flexible wire conveying, the rotating powder flow splits into an upward powder flow and a downward powder flow. The downward powder flow's rotation diameter shrinks to the size of the cylinder 6-8. When the bottom center hole is reached, the adhesive layer on the surface of the wire undergoes a second coating. The remaining powder flows down to the powder collecting funnel 6-5. Under the action of the conical sidewall of the powder collecting funnel 6-5, the diameter of the powder flow gradually decreases to the powder collecting funnel tube 6-6, thus coating the adhesive layer of the wire that has passed through the powder collecting funnel a third time. The residual airflow through the powder collecting funnel tube 6-6 flows down into the upper part of the powder filter cylinder 4-3 in the liquid feeding device. The airflow pressure decreases rapidly, and the powder fills the entire powder blocking cylinder 4-3. Due to the blocking effect of the inverted powder blocking funnel 4-6, most of the powder is intercepted and collected, and a small portion of the powder flows into the diameter of the inverted powder blocking funnel tube, thus coating the adhesive layer of the wire that has just passed through the liquid feeding cylinder section 4-9 of the flexible wire channel a fourth time. A small portion of the powder flow passes through the central hole 4-7 at the bottom of the powder-blocking cylinder, performing a fifth coating on the adhesive layer on the surface of the flexible wire about to enter the powder-blocking cylinder section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel. The upward-flowing powder flow is blocked by the powder-blocking funnel 6-13, and its rotation radius gradually decreases to the diameter 6-14 of the funnel. Some powder is blocked by the funnel 6-13 and re-enters the rotating airflow below under gravity, achieving the first cycle of powder coating. The powder flow entering the funnel diameter 6-13 continues to perform a sixth coating on the adhesive layer of the flexible wire within the powder-blocking cylinder section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel. The rotation radius of the powder flow exiting the funnel increases first, then its rotation speed decreases, and some powder is deposited in the powder-escape receiving funnel 6-1. 5. As the powder flow continues upward, it encounters the powder-blocking funnel 6-13 again. Some powder is trapped and deposited in the powder-escape receiving funnel 6-15. Under the action of gravity, the powder in the powder-escape receiving funnel slides into the flexible wire channel 6-14, which is composed of the powder-escape receiving funnel tube and the powder-blocking funnel tube. This continues to coat the surface adhesion layer of the wire in the powder-coated cylindrical section 6-12 of the flexible wire channel, forming a second cycle of powder coating. After the powder is trapped and re-coated in the first cylinder 6-9, the second cylinder 6-10, and the third cylinder 6-11, the powder is coated to the maximum extent, reducing powder escape. At the same time, the rotating airflow coats the surface adhesion layer of the wire with powder while blowing away the loosely adhered powder. Drying: The powder-loaded flexible wire continues to move upward and directly enters dryer 9 for drying at a temperature of 140℃ for 5 minutes. Winding: The dried powder-coated wire is conveyed by the drive rollers and sent to the flexible wire winding device 11 for winding, finally obtaining nickel powder-coated yarn 12.

[0051] The nickel powder coated yarn is as follows Figures 11 to 13 As shown. Figure 11 The yarn surface is shown to be evenly coated with the adhesive liquid after being coated with the liquid. Figure 12 and Figure 13 The nickel powder is shown to be tightly adhered to the yarn surface and evenly coated.

[0052] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0053] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An apparatus for preparing powder-coated flexible wire, comprising flexible wire, a guide roller, a flexible wire winding device, and a functional material coating component, characterized in that, The functional material coating component includes a liquid application device, a powder application device, and a curing unit arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The three components are equipped with coaxially aligned flexible wire channels (including a liquid application channel, a powder application channel, and a curing channel). The liquid feeding device includes a liquid feeding cylinder, a precision liquid supply pump, a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid collecting funnel, and an inverted powder blocking funnel. The liquid inlet pipe faces the liquid feeding channel. The liquid collecting funnel is located at the bottom of the liquid feeding cylinder and is connected to the precision liquid supply pump to form a viscous liquid return loop. The inverted powder blocking funnel is located at the top of the liquid feeding device, and its pipe diameter is coaxial with the pipe diameter of the liquid collecting funnel. The powder feeding device includes a powder feeding cylinder, a precision screw powder feeder, an L-shaped air inlet pipe, a powder blocking funnel, and an escape powder receiving funnel. The L-shaped air inlet pipe is provided with a horizontal air outlet and a downward air outlet. The powder blocking funnel and the escape powder receiving funnel are connected to form a powder feeding channel and are coaxial with the liquid feeding channel. After being guided by the yarn guide wheel, the flexible wire passes through the liquid application channel, the powder application channel, and the curing channel in sequence, and is finally wound up by the flexible wire winding device. The liquid application device is used to form an adhesive liquid layer on the surface of the flexible wire, the powder application device is used to make the functional material dry powder adhere to the adhesive liquid layer, and the curing unit is used to cure the adhesive liquid layer and the functional material dry powder into shape.

2. The apparatus for preparing powder-coated flexible wires according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top and bottom of the liquid-filling cylinder are provided with circular holes for wire inlet and outlet. The liquid inlet pipe is fixed to the side wall of the liquid-filling cylinder and is not less than 1 cm away from the bottom of the liquid-filling cylinder. One end of the pipe is connected to the precision liquid pump and the other end faces the flexible wire channel. The liquid collection funnel is located at the bottom of the liquid-filling cylinder.

3. The apparatus for preparing powder-coated flexible wires according to claim 2, characterized in that, The liquid feeding device also includes a powder filter cylinder disposed on the liquid feeding cylinder. The circular hole at the top of the powder filter cylinder is coaxially connected to the powder collecting funnel tube at the bottom of the powder feeding device. The bottom of the powder filter cylinder is provided with an inverted powder blocking funnel for scraping the adhesive liquid layer on the surface of the flexible wire. The diameter of the inverted powder blocking funnel is coaxially opposite to the diameter of the powder collecting funnel, and the distance between them is not less than 2cm.

4. The apparatus for preparing powder-coated flexible wires according to claim 2, characterized in that, The liquid inlet pipe is located at one end inside the liquid inlet cylinder, 1-3 mm away from the flexible wire channel.

5. The apparatus for preparing powder-coated flexible wires according to claim 1, characterized in that, The powder feeding device is located directly above the liquid feeding device and includes a powder feeding cylinder, a precision screw powder feeder, a powder inlet pipe, an air inlet pipe, a powder collecting funnel, a powder blocking funnel, and a powder escaping receiving funnel. The powder feeding cylinder has a circular hole at the center of its bottom for use as an inlet and outlet for the flexible wire. The diameter of the circular hole is 2-4 mm larger than the diameter of the wire. The powder inlet pipe is fixed to the side wall of the powder feeding cylinder, 0.8-1 cm away from the bottom of the powder feeding cylinder. One end of the pipe is located inside the powder feeding cylinder and extends 1-2 mm out, while the other end is connected to the precision screw powder feeder. The air inlet pipe is fixed to the side wall of the powder feeding cylinder on the same horizontal plane as the powder inlet pipe. One end of the air inlet pipe is used to connect to an air source. The powder blocking funnel and the powder escaping receiving funnel are assembled with their pipe openings in relative contact to form a powder feeding channel coaxial with the flexible wire channel. The powder collecting funnel is located at the bottom of the powder feeding cylinder to guide the powder to flow towards the flexible wire.

6. The apparatus for preparing powder-coated flexible wires according to claim 5, characterized in that, The air inlet pipe has an L-shaped structure, with a horizontal air outlet and a downward air outlet at one end located inside the powder cylinder.

7. The apparatus for preparing powder-coated flexible wires according to claim 1, characterized in that, The curing unit includes a dryer, a temperature control system, and a wire conveying roller assembly. The wire conveying roller assembly is located inside the dryer and is used to drive the flexible wire through at a uniform speed. The temperature control system has an adjustment range of 80℃-160℃ and is used to adapt to the curing requirements of different functional material powders, so that the adhesive liquid layer and the functional material powder are cured and formed.

8. A method for preparing powder-coated flexible wires, suitable for the apparatus for preparing powder-coated flexible wires according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Guiding and conveying: Flexible wires with a linear density of 15tex~16.7tex (corresponding to 135D~150D) are guided by guide rollers and fed into the coaxially aligned flexible wire channel. S2. Adhesive liquid layer formation: Adhesive liquid is applied to the surface of the flexible wire through a liquid application device, and a uniform adhesive liquid layer is formed by scraping through the inverted powder-blocking funnel of the liquid application device; the adhesive liquid is selected from dopamine solution, polymer spinning solution, polyurethane adhesive, silicone adhesive, acrylic adhesive, polyvinyl alcohol, bio-based flexible adhesive and any combination thereof, and is prepared by mixing the adhesive liquid raw materials with solvent and additives in proportion and stirring at 50-100 rpm for 200-400 minutes; S3. Dry powder coating: Functional material dry powder with a particle size of 20nm~7μm is fed into the powder feeding device located directly above the liquid feeding device by a precision screw feeder at a rate of 40g / h~150g / h. Combined with an air source airflow of 0.2MPa~0.3MPa pressure, the dry powder is adhered to the surface of the adhesive liquid layer. S4. Curing and molding: The flexible wire with the dry powder layer is fed into the curing unit, dried at 140°C for 5 minutes and then wound up by the flexible wire winding device to obtain the functional wire.

9. The method for preparing powder-coated flexible wires according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S2, the adhesive liquid initially adheres to the surface of the flexible wire through the inlet pipe, and the excess adhesive liquid is collected by the collection funnel and then recycled.

10. The method for preparing powder-coated flexible wires according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S3, the functional material dry powder includes, but is not limited to, micro / nano nickel powder, micro / nano copper powder, micro / nano silver powder, micro / nano cobalt powder, micro / nano multi-element alloy powder, carbon black micro / nano powder, graphene powder, carbon nanotube powder, aerogel powder, micro / nano gas-sensitive powder, micro / nano photosensitizing powder, micro / nano temperature-sensitive powder, micro / nano humidity-sensitive powder, micro / nano antibacterial powder, micro / nano pharmaceutical powder, micro / nano pearl powder, phase change capsules, micro / nano stealth coatings, microcrystalline cellulose, micro / nano protein powder, superhydrophobic silica nanoparticles, micro / nano transition metal oxides, micro / nano conductive polymers (including polythiophene, polyaniline and polypyrrole), micro / nano MXene powder, micro / nano perovskite powder, and micro / nano boron nitride powder.

Images