Waste incineration fly ash cold bonding aggregate granulation equipment

Abstract

Relating to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization, the invention discloses a waste incineration fly ash cold bonding aggregate granulation device, which comprises a shell assembly, a center driving and liquid distribution system, a feeding and diversion system, a supergravity reaction rotor, an edge granulation mechanism, a bottom maintenance discharge system and a gas phase and sensing system. Fly ash materials are conveyed and smashed through the feeding and guiding system, then supergravity carbonization and chelating spraying treatment are carried out through the center driving and liquid distributing system, the supergravity reaction rotor and the gas phase system, after fly ash slurry is formed, extrusion compact forming is carried out through the edge granulation mechanism, and the fly ash slurry is obtained. And the formed cold bonding aggregate is cured by the bottom curing and discharging system and then is discharged from the star-shaped discharging valve. According to the method, efficient chemical reaction under a high gravity field and high-strength physical extrusion forming are organically combined, the problems that in the prior art, the carbonization rate is low, the aggregate strength is low and the leaching risk is high are solved, and the high-density and low-leaching fly ash based road aggregate is continuously prepared through a one-step method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste resource utilization technology, specifically to a waste incineration fly ash cold bonding aggregate granulation equipment for preparing high-strength, low-leaching aggregate using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, municipal solid waste incineration for power generation has become the mainstream waste disposal method. However, fly ash generated during the incineration process accounts for approximately 3% to 5% of the total waste incinerated. Fly ash is rich in heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, and Zn, as well as persistent organic pollutants such as dioxins. Currently, fly ash disposal is mainly divided into two categories: solidification / stabilization landfill and resource utilization.

[0003] However, existing fly ash granulation and curing technologies have the following significant drawbacks: First, defects in the forming mechanism lead to low strength. Existing disc or drum granulation mainly relies on the rolling agglomeration of materials, lacking forced mechanical extrusion, resulting in aggregates with a loose internal structure and high porosity, whose crushing values ​​are insufficient to meet the requirements of high-grade road engineering. Second, limited mass transfer leads to low carbonization efficiency. The traditional static mode of granulation followed by curing is limited by gas-solid mass transfer resistance, making it difficult for CO2 to penetrate deep into the particles, easily forming a hard outer shell structure with a soft inner shell, resulting in incomplete carbonization and an excessively long curing cycle. Finally, process fragmentation leads to unstable curing. The separation of reagent mixing and granulation processes results in uneven dispersion of chelating agents at the microscale, failing to achieve comprehensive encapsulation and reaction of heavy metals, and still posing a risk of secondary leaching under long-term conditions.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device that can organically combine efficient chemical reactions (rapid carbonization and chelation) under hypergravity with high-strength physical extrusion molding, and continuously achieve the harmless treatment of fly ash and the preparation of high-strength aggregates in the same device, so as to solve the problems of low strength, high leaching risk and long production cycle of existing cold-bonded aggregates. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the above or prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0006] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a granulation device for cold-bonded aggregate from waste incineration fly ash, aiming to solve the problems of slow carbonization reaction rate, high porosity of cold-bonded aggregate, low road strength, and high risk of long-term heavy metal leaching in existing fly ash resource utilization technologies. This invention achieves a one-step preparation of highly dense, low-leaching fly ash-based road aggregate by organically combining micron-level gas-liquid-solid mass transfer and edge-forced extrusion granulation in a hypergravity field.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a waste incineration fly ash cold-bonded aggregate granulation device, comprising, The housing assembly includes a vertically arranged cylindrical housing, a conical discharge hopper located at the bottom of the cylindrical housing, and a temperature control jacket disposed on the outer wall of the cylindrical housing and the conical discharge hopper.

[0008] The central drive and liquid distribution system includes a drive motor, a rotary joint located at the bottom of the drive motor, a chelating agent inlet connected to the rotary joint, a hollow main shaft extending into the cylindrical housing, and a plurality of liquid phase atomizing nozzles disposed on the hollow main shaft.

[0009] The supergravity reaction rotor includes an upper cover plate, rotor fixing rods connecting the upper cover plate and the hollow main shaft at both ends, a wire mesh corrugated packing layer disposed below the upper cover plate, and a lower chassis disposed below the wire mesh corrugated packing layer.

[0010] The edge granulation mechanism includes several roller mounting brackets evenly distributed along the circumference of the supergravity reaction rotor, flexible rollers mounted on the roller mounting brackets, elastic material feeding plates disposed behind each of the flexible rollers, elastic scrapers disposed between two adjacent flexible rollers, and several wear-resistant liners disposed on the inner wall of the cylindrical housing.

[0011] The bottom curing and discharge system includes a waste heat steam interface located on the right side wall of the discharge hopper, an annular gas distribution plate disposed inside the discharge hopper and connected to the waste heat steam interface, and a star-shaped discharge valve disposed at the bottom of the discharge hopper.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the waste incineration fly ash cold bonding aggregate granulation equipment of the present invention, it further includes a feeding and guiding system, including a spiral feeding pipe disposed on the top of the cylindrical shell, a guiding cone fixed on the hollow main shaft, and a dynamic throwing disc disposed below the guiding cone. The gas phase and sensing system includes several high-pressure CO2 inlet nozzles arranged around the outer wall of the cylindrical housing, a gas filter return port arranged at the top of the right side wall of the cylindrical housing, a pressure and temperature sensor arranged below the gas filter return port, and a steam outlet arranged at the top of the left side wall of the discharge hopper.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the waste incineration fly ash cold bonding aggregate granulation equipment of the present invention, the temperature control jacket includes a temperature control liquid inlet located at the bottom left side of the conical discharge hopper and a temperature control liquid outlet located below the spiral feed pipe.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the waste incineration fly ash cold bonding aggregate granulation equipment of the present invention, the liquid phase atomizing nozzle includes a nozzle body, a spray cap connected to the nozzle body, and a nozzle head disposed at the end of the liquid phase atomizing nozzle.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the waste incineration fly ash cold bonding aggregate granulation equipment of the present invention, the top of the guide cone is connected to the hollow main shaft by a guide cone fixing rod.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the waste incineration fly ash cold bonding aggregate granulation equipment of the present invention, wherein: the roller mounting bracket is rigidly connected to the outer edge of the supergravity reaction rotor and revolves synchronously with the rotor; The flexible roller is rotatably mounted in the roller mounting bracket via a roller pin, and its surface is provided with several hemispherical grooves. The wear-resistant liner creates a gradually narrowing extrusion channel in the granulation area, enabling edge extrusion granulation.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the waste incineration fly ash cold bonding aggregate granulation equipment of the present invention, wherein: a fixing metal plate is sandwiched between the elastic scraper and the scraper auxiliary fixing plate, and the fixing metal plate is provided with a plurality of fixing screws, and the fixing screws achieve a fixed connection between the elastic scraper and the scraper auxiliary fixing plate by tightening the fixing metal plate; The scraper auxiliary fixing plate is fixed to the periphery of the supergravity reaction rotor and is located between two adjacent flexible rollers.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the waste incineration fly ash cold bonding aggregate granulation equipment of the present invention, wherein: the annular gas distribution plate includes a plurality of steam nozzles uniformly arranged around its top.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the waste incineration fly ash cold bonding aggregate granulation equipment of the present invention, the pressure and temperature sensor includes a temperature detection probe, a pressure sensing element connected to one end of the temperature detection probe, a sensor body connected to one end of the pressure sensing element, and a microprocessor connected to the sensor body.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention organically combines enhanced mass transfer under a supergravity field with edge mechanical extrusion granulation technology. By utilizing the micron-level liquid film shearing effect of the wire mesh corrugated filler layer and its contact with the countercurrent gas phase, it achieves instantaneous carbonization of fly ash and efficient chelation of heavy metals, significantly improving the reaction efficiency compared to traditional processes. At the same time, it innovatively utilizes the revolution-carrying and reverse rotation-kneading mechanism of the edge flexible rollers to overcome the bottleneck of loose and low-strength traditional cold-bonded aggregates. Thus, it can continuously produce high-density, low-leaching fly ash road aggregates in a single unit at temperatures below 100°C in a one-step process, which has significant energy-saving and environmental protection benefits and engineering practical value. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall longitudinal cross-sectional structure of the waste incineration fly ash cold bonding aggregate granulation equipment provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a top-view cross-sectional view of the waste incineration fly ash cold-bonded aggregate granulation equipment provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged top-view cross-sectional view of the edge granulation mechanism of the waste incineration fly ash cold bonding aggregate granulation equipment provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the core components of the waste incineration fly ash cold bonding aggregate granulation equipment provided by the present invention, including the central drive and liquid distribution system, the supergravity reaction rotor, and the edge granulation mechanism.

[0026] Figure 5 A three-dimensional view of the liquid-phase atomizing nozzle of the waste incineration fly ash cold-bonded aggregate granulation equipment provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the elastic scraper of the waste incineration fly ash cold bonding aggregate granulation equipment provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 A three-dimensional view of the pressure and temperature sensor of the waste incineration fly ash cold-bonded aggregate granulation equipment provided by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 A three-dimensional view of the annular gas distribution plate of the waste incineration fly ash cold-bonded aggregate granulation equipment provided by the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 11. Cylindrical shell; 12. Conical discharge hopper; 13. Temperature control jacket; 131. Temperature control inlet; 132. Temperature control outlet; 21. Drive motor; 22. Rotary joint; 23. Chelating agent inlet; 24. Hollow spindle; 25. Liquid atomizing nozzle; 251. Nozzle body; 252. Spray cap; 253. Nozzle head; 31. Spiral feed pipe; 32. Guide cone; 321. Guide cone fixing rod; 33. Dynamic throwing disc; 41. Upper cover plate; 42. Rotor fixing rod; 43. Corrugated wire mesh packing layer; 44. Lower chassis; 51. Roller mounting bracket; 52. 521. Flexible roller; 522. Roller pin; 523. Hemispherical groove; 54. Elastic feeder; 55. Elastic scraper; 56. Wear-resistant liner; 57. Scraper auxiliary fixing plate; 58. Fixing metal plate; 69. Fixing screw; 60. Waste heat steam interface; 61. Annular gas distribution plate; 62. Steam nozzle; 63. Rotary rotary valve; 74. High-pressure CO2 inlet nozzle; 75. Gas filter return port; 76. Pressure and temperature sensor; 77. Temperature detection probe; 78. Pressure sensing element; 79. Sensor body; 70. Microprocessor; 71. Steam outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0033] Reference Figures 1-8This invention provides a waste incineration fly ash cold-bonded aggregate granulation device. A cylindrical shell 11 is vertically arranged, with its bottom sealed to a conical discharge hopper 12, forming the sealed outer shell of the device. A temperature-controlled jacket 13 covers the outer walls of both the cylindrical shell 11 and the conical discharge hopper 12. Both the cylindrical shell 11 and the conical discharge hopper 12 are made of stainless steel. Stainless steel has good thermal conductivity and mechanical strength, enabling it to conduct temperature and withstand long-term use. The temperature-controlled jacket 13 is hollow, with a temperature-controlled inlet 131 at its bottom and a temperature-controlled outlet 132 at its top. By introducing aqueous solutions of different temperatures into the temperature-controlled inlet 131 and allowing them to flow out from the temperature-controlled outlet 132, the temperature control effect of the jacket 13 is achieved. The temperature-controlled jacket 13 conducts heat to the cylindrical shell 11 and the conical discharge hopper 12, thereby controlling the temperature within the sealed cavity of the entire device.

[0034] Preferably, a hollow main shaft 24 is provided in the center of the cylindrical shell 11. The hollow main shaft 24 is hollow and made of stainless steel, serving as both a liquid phase channel and providing good support. The hollow main shaft 24 extends upward through the top of the cylindrical shell 11, and a rotary joint 22 is provided on its extension. A chelating agent inlet 23 is provided on the side of the rotary joint 22, and the rotary joint 22 is fixedly connected to the chelating agent inlet 23. The top of the hollow main shaft 24 is connected to a drive motor 21. When the drive motor 21 starts, it drives the hollow main shaft 24 to rotate. At this time, a chelating agent solution is introduced into the chelating agent inlet 23, and the rotary joint 22 can deliver the chelating agent into the cavity of the rotating hollow main shaft 24. The chelating agent solution is a 3% (w / w) sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) solution. The DDTC solution can wet the fly ash material and solidify the heavy metal elements in the fly ash.

[0035] Preferably, a spiral feed pipe 31 is provided on the top left side of the cylindrical shell 11. The spiral feed pipe 31 extends obliquely into the interior of the cylindrical shell 11, with its end pointing towards the hollow main shaft 24. A spiral shaft containing spiral blades is provided inside the spiral feed pipe 31. The spiral shaft is connected to an external motor, and the motor drives the spiral shaft to rotate, which can feed the external fly ash material into the spiral feed pipe 31. A guide cone 32 is provided below the end of the spiral feed pipe 31. The guide cone 32 is hollow, and its top is fixedly connected to the hollow main shaft 24 through a guide cone fixing rod 321, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the hollow main shaft 24 through a rotor fixing rod 42. When the hollow main shaft 24 rotates, it can drive the guide cone 32 to rotate, thereby generating centrifugal force. Under the action of gravity and centrifugal force, the fly ash material entering the spiral feed pipe 31 can fall completely into the cavity of the guide cone 32 from its end. Meanwhile, the guide cone fixing rod 321 and rotor fixing rod 42, which rotate with the hollow main shaft 24, can crush the fly ash material that has agglomerated inside the cavity of the guide cone 32. A dynamic throwing disc 33, which is fixed to the hollow main shaft 24, is provided below the guide cone 32. When the dynamic throwing disc 33 rotates at high speed, it can centrifugally throw the fly ash material that falls from the bottom of the guide cone 32 onto it.

[0036] Preferably, a hypergravity reaction rotor is installed below the guide cone 32. The top of the hypergravity reaction rotor is a ring-shaped upper cover plate 41, and the bottom of the upper cover plate 41 is connected to a wire mesh corrugated packing layer 43. The wire mesh corrugated packing layer 43 is distributed in a ring shape and is made of stainless steel wire mesh. Stainless steel wire mesh has an extremely high specific surface area, which can spread the wetted fly ash slurry into a continuous film, increasing the contact area between the fly ash slurry and CO2 gas. The bottom of the wire mesh corrugated packing layer 43 is connected to a disc-shaped lower base plate 44, so that the hypergravity reaction rotor forms an annular cylindrical body with a sealed bottom, a hollow middle, and an open top. The hypergravity reaction rotor is fixedly connected to the hollow main shaft 24 through four rotor fixing rods 42 and the lower base plate 44, and can rotate at high speed with the hollow main shaft 24, generating a hypergravity field inside the hypergravity reaction rotor. One end of the rotor fixing rod 42 is connected to the inner side of the upper cover plate 41, and the other end passes through the bottom of the guide cone 32 housing and is connected to the hollow main shaft 24. It can fix the top of the supergravity reaction rotor and the bottom of the guide cone 32, and can also crush the fly ash material in the guide cone 32.

[0037] Better, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 5As shown, the hollow main shaft 24, located at the center of the supergravity reaction rotor, is equipped with three sets of liquid-phase atomizing nozzles 25, each set of which surrounds the hollow main shaft 24. The nozzle body 251 of the liquid-phase atomizing nozzle 25 has a threaded structure, which can be directly screwed into the corresponding hole in the hollow main shaft 24. The chelating agent solution inside the hollow main shaft 24 enters through the nozzle body 251, passes through the spray cap 252, and is sprayed outwards from the nozzle 253. The three sets of liquid-phase atomizing nozzles 25 are arranged vertically at intervals, and during operation, they can radiate the chelating agent solution outwards in all directions, fully wetting the fly ash material thrown out from the dynamic throwing disc 33.

[0038] Better, such as Figure 1-4 As shown, six roller mounting brackets 51 are evenly and correspondingly arranged on the outer periphery of the upper cover plate 41 and the lower chassis 44. One roller mounting bracket 51 on the upper cover plate 41 and the corresponding roller mounting bracket 51 on the lower chassis 44 form a group, resulting in six groups of roller mounting brackets 51 fixedly arranged on the outer periphery of the upper cover plate 41 and the lower chassis 44. Each group of roller mounting brackets 51 is connected by roller pins 521. Flexible rollers 52 are rotatably mounted within these roller mounting brackets 51 via roller pins 521, thus revolving around the hollow main shaft 24. The flexible rollers 52 are made of polyurethane (PU) rubber, which has high wear resistance, high elasticity, and flexibility, allowing them to quickly recover their original shape under large deformations. The surface of the flexible rollers 52 has several hemispherical grooves 522 of varying sizes, used to fill the chelated and carbonized fly ash slurry ejected from the wire mesh corrugated filler layer 43. An elastic material-pushing piece 53 is provided behind the flexible roller 52. The elastic material-pushing piece 53 is a thin steel sheet with the same length as the flexible roller 52. The thin steel sheet has good resilience and moderate rigidity, and can be repeatedly bent and pushed to generate just the right pushing force. One end of the elastic material-pushing piece 53 is fixed to the rear side of the roller mounting bracket 51, and the other end extends to the surface of the flexible roller 52. It is used to assist the fly ash aggregate in demolding after the flexible roller 52 loosens the fly ash aggregate in the hemispherical forming groove 522 by elastic deformation and rebound.

[0039] Better, such as Figure 2-3As shown, six wear-resistant liners 55, slightly longer than the flexible roller 52, are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 11. The width of each wear-resistant liner 55 is approximately twice the diameter of the flexible roller 52, ensuring sufficient gaps between adjacent liners 55 to guarantee the injection throughput of CO2 gas and the settling space of the aggregate. The wear-resistant liners 55 are made of PU rubber, capable of withstanding long-term compression from the flexible roller 52 without deformation. The gently sloping design on both sides of the wear-resistant liner 55 creates a gradually narrowing flow channel in the granulation area, allowing the wear-resistant liner 55 to contact the flexible roller 52 and generate slight compression. When the flexible roller 52 revolves and rotates, the fly ash slurry adhering to the inner wall of the wear-resistant liner 55 and the surface of the flexible roller 52 is forced into the hemispherical forming groove 522 at the narrow flow channel for dense formation.

[0040] Better, such as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, an elastic scraper 54 with a length greater than its width is provided between two adjacent flexible rollers 52, ensuring that the elastic scraper 54 can always contact the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 11 in the wide flow channel when it rotates with the supergravity reaction rotor. Another elastic scraper 54 is also provided opposite this one. The elastic scraper 54 is made of PU rubber, which has high wear resistance, high elasticity, and flexibility, and can quickly recover its original shape under large deformation. At the wide flow channel, centrifugal force throws the fly ash slurry onto the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 11. Then, the elastic scraper 54 sweeps across and, using its own elasticity, adheres tightly to the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 11, scraping off the fly ash slurry and pushing it forward. At the transition zone, the elastic scraper 54 pushes this pile of fly ash slurry to the inlet where the rear flexible roller 52 is about to engage. At the narrow flow channel, the elastic scraper 54 bends significantly due to the narrowing of the channel, at which point the fly ash slurry exceeding the transition zone is squeezed and adheres to the surface of the wear-resistant liner 55. The rear flexible roller 52 then passes through the transition zone and the narrow flow channel to complete granulation.

[0041] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, two fixing metal plates 57 are provided on both sides of the elastic scraper 54 and the scraper auxiliary fixing plate 56. Several fixing screws 58 are provided on the fixing metal plates 57. The fixing screws 58 fasten the two fixing metal plates 57, thereby fixing the starting end of the elastic scraper 54 between the two fixing metal plates 57 to the scraper auxiliary fixing plate 56. The scraper auxiliary fixing plate 56 is fixed on the outer periphery of the upper cover plate 41 and the lower chassis 44, and it is slightly inclined towards the rear flexible roller 52 to ensure that the scraped fly ash slurry can be sent into the rear flexible roller 52 for squeezing in time, and to prevent the fly ash slurry from falling into the bottom curing discharge system before being squeezed under its own gravity.

[0042] Preferably, two sets of high-pressure CO2 inlet nozzles 71, penetrating the outer wall of the cylindrical shell 11, are provided in the wide flow channel of the granulation area. The two sets of high-pressure CO2 inlet nozzles 71 are arranged vertically to ensure that the CO2 gas injected from the high-pressure CO2 inlet nozzles 71 can cover the entire wire mesh corrugated packing layer 43. The high-pressure CO2 inlet nozzles 71 face the hollow main shaft 24. By introducing high-concentration, high-pressure CO2 gas into its external inlet, the micron-sized fly ash slurry film on the wire mesh corrugated packing layer 43 is rapidly carbonized, thereby achieving the effect of fixing heavy metals in fly ash. A gas filter return port 72 with a filter screen is provided at the top of the right side wall of the cylindrical shell 11 to control the gas outflow rate. The gas filter return port 72 is only used for the discharge of CO2 gas after the fly ash slurry carbonization is completed and a small amount of residual heat steam generated by the annular gas distribution plate 62.

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, a pressure and temperature sensor 73 is installed below the gas filter return port 72, and the pressure and temperature sensor 73 is fixed to the cylindrical housing 11 via a sensor body 733. The temperature detection probe 731 and the pressure sensing element 732 are located inside the cylindrical housing 11, in direct contact with the internal gas, and can sense the gas pressure and temperature inside the device in real time, displaying the specific values ​​through a microprocessor 734. Based on the internal gas pressure and temperature displayed by the microprocessor 734, the gas outflow rate of the gas filter return port 72 and the temperature of the temperature control jacket 13 can be adjusted to balance the internal pressure and temperature of the device.

[0044] Better, such as Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown, an annular gas distribution plate 62 is installed inside the conical discharge hopper 12, and several steam nozzles 621 are evenly arranged around the top of the annular gas distribution plate 62. The left side of the conical discharge hopper 12 is connected to the waste heat steam interface 61, and a connecting pipe is provided inside the annular gas distribution plate 62 to connect the waste heat steam interface 61 and the steam nozzles 621. When waste heat steam is introduced into the waste heat steam interface 61, the waste heat steam is sprayed upward from the steam nozzles 621 through the connecting pipe. The falling aggregate comes into counter-current contact with the rising waste heat steam, and the steam is used to perform primary curing of the aggregate. A steam outlet 74 with a filter screen is provided at the top left side of the conical discharge hopper 12, which can discharge the waste heat steam sprayed from the steam nozzles 621 to the outside of the conical discharge hopper 12, preventing a large amount of waste heat steam from rising rapidly into the granulation area and affecting the CO2 airflow trajectory of the high-pressure CO2 inlet nozzle 71, thus preventing insufficient carbonization of the fly ash slurry. The bottom of the conical discharge hopper 12 is equipped with a star-shaped discharge valve 63. The star-shaped discharge valve 63 discharges the pre-cured finished aggregate out of the equipment by rotating the rotor in the center. The gas inside the equipment cannot be discharged from the star-shaped discharge valve 63.

[0045] In operation, the hollow main shaft 24 rotates at high speed under the drive of the drive motor 21, which in turn causes the guide cone 32, dynamic material throwing disc 33, liquid phase atomizing nozzle 25, supergravity reaction rotor, and flexible roller 52 to rotate. At the same time, a 3% DDTC solution is introduced into the chelating agent inlet 23, CO2 gas with a concentration of 95% and a pressure of 0.5 MPa is introduced into the high-pressure CO2 inlet nozzle, an aqueous solution with a moderate temperature (below 100°C) is slowly introduced into the temperature-controlled liquid inlet 131, and waste heat steam is introduced into the waste heat steam interface 61. The screw shaft inside the screw feed pipe 31 continuously feeds the fly ash material to be granulated into the equipment. The fly ash material falls into the rotating guide cone 32 through the end of the screw feed pipe 31 for crushing, and then falls onto the dynamic throwing disc 33. The high-speed rotating dynamic throwing disc 33 generates centrifugal force to throw the fly ash material outward. The thrown fly ash material floats downward and outward under the action of inertia. At the same time, three sets of rotating liquid phase atomizing nozzles 25 spray micron-sized chelating agent droplets in all directions to capture and encapsulate the floating fly ash material, which finally adheres to the wire mesh corrugated packing layer 43. In the wire mesh corrugated packing layer 43, the three phases of gas (CO2 gas), liquid (chelating agent solvent), and solid (fly ash material) come into violent contact under the action of high gravity shear. The fly ash instantly completes wetting, heavy metal chelation and carbonization, forming a fly ash slurry. The fly ash slurry is then thrown onto the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 11. Within the narrow flow channel, the fly ash slurry is intensely squeezed and kneaded by the cooperation of flexible rollers 52, elastic scrapers 54, and wear-resistant liners 55, forming a dense, cold-bonded aggregate of waste incineration fly ash. After leaving the narrow flow channel, the flexible rollers 52 use their elastic deformation to loosen the fly ash aggregate in the hemispherical forming groove 522. The elastic material-pulling plates 53 assist in demolding the formed fly ash aggregate, which then falls into the conical discharge hopper 12 under gravity. The annular gas distribution plate 62 sprays high-pressure waste heat steam upwards, suspending the fly ash aggregate above it for heat curing. After the fly ash aggregate accumulates to a certain extent, it falls into the bottom of the conical discharge hopper 12 under gravity and is finally discharged through the star-shaped discharge valve 63.

[0046] In summary, this invention utilizes a hollow main shaft 24 and a liquid-phase atomizing nozzle 25 to transport and atomize the DDTC solution. Combined with a high-gravity rotating wire mesh corrugated packing layer 43 and a high-pressure CO2 inlet nozzle 71, this greatly enhances the contact between the gas, liquid, and solid phases, achieving instantaneous wetting, heavy metal chelation, and carbonization of fly ash to form a fly ash slurry. The edge granulation mechanism employs a combination of flexible rollers 52, elastic scrapers 54, and wear-resistant liners 55. Through a gradually narrowing flow channel, the fly ash slurry is forcefully extruded and densified, and elastic material-pulling plates 53 assist in demolding. The formed cold-bonded aggregate is discharged after preliminary curing with residual heat steam at the bottom, efficiently achieving the harmless and resource-based utilization of fly ash.

[0047] Importantly, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waste incineration fly ash cold-bonded aggregate granulation device, characterized in that: include, The housing assembly includes a vertically arranged cylindrical housing (11), a conical discharge hopper (12) located at the bottom of the cylindrical housing (11), and a temperature control jacket (13) disposed on the outer wall of the cylindrical housing (11) and the conical discharge hopper (12). The central drive and liquid distribution system includes a drive motor (21), a rotary joint (22) located at the bottom of the drive motor (21), a chelating agent inlet (23) connected to the rotary joint (22), a hollow main shaft (24) extending into the cylindrical housing (11), and a plurality of liquid phase atomizing nozzles (25) located on the hollow main shaft (24). The supergravity reaction rotor includes an upper cover plate (41), a rotor fixing rod (42) with the upper cover plate (41) and the hollow main shaft (24) respectively connected at both ends, a wire mesh corrugated packing layer (43) disposed below the upper cover plate (41), and a lower chassis (44) disposed below the wire mesh corrugated packing layer (43). The edge granulation mechanism includes several roller mounting brackets (51) evenly distributed along the circumference of the supergravity reaction rotor, flexible rollers (52) mounted on the roller mounting brackets (51), elastic material feeding plates (53) disposed behind each of the flexible rollers (52), elastic scrapers (54) disposed between two adjacent flexible rollers (52), and several wear-resistant liners (55) disposed on the inner wall of the cylindrical shell (11). The bottom curing discharge system includes a waste heat steam interface (61) located on the right side wall of the discharge hopper (12), an annular gas distribution plate (62) located inside the discharge hopper (12) and connected to the waste heat steam interface (61), and a star-shaped discharge valve (63) located at the bottom of the discharge hopper (12).

2. The waste incineration fly ash cold-bonded aggregate granulation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a feeding and guiding system, including a spiral feeding pipe (31) disposed on the top of the cylindrical shell (11), a guiding cone (32) fixed on the hollow main shaft (24), and a dynamic throwing disc (33) disposed below the guiding cone (32). The gas phase and sensing system includes several high-pressure CO2 inlet nozzles (71) arranged around the outer wall of the cylindrical housing (11), a gas filter return port (72) arranged on the top of the right side wall of the cylindrical housing (11), a pressure and temperature sensor (73) arranged below the gas filter return port (72), and a steam outlet (74) arranged on the top of the left side wall of the discharge hopper (12).

3. The waste incineration fly ash cold-bonded aggregate granulation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control jacket (13) includes a temperature control inlet (131) located at the bottom left side of the conical discharge hopper (12) and a temperature control outlet (132) located below the spiral feed pipe (31).

4. The waste incineration fly ash cold-bonded aggregate granulation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid phase atomizing nozzle (25) includes a nozzle body (251), a spray cap (252) connected to the nozzle body (251), and a nozzle head (253) disposed at the end of the liquid phase atomizing nozzle (25).

5. The waste incineration fly ash cold-bonded aggregate granulation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the guide cone (32) is connected to the hollow main shaft (24) via a guide cone fixing rod (321).

6. The waste incineration fly ash cold-bonded aggregate granulation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roller mounting bracket (51) is rigidly connected to the outer edge of the supergravity reaction rotor and revolves synchronously with the rotor; The flexible roller (52) is rotatably mounted in the roller mounting bracket (51) via roller pin (521), and its surface is provided with a plurality of hemispherical grooves (522). The wear-resistant liner (55) enables the granulation area to form a gradually narrowing extrusion channel, thereby achieving edge extrusion granulation.

7. The waste incineration fly ash cold-bonded aggregate granulation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing metal plate (57) is sandwiched between the elastic scraper (54) and the scraper auxiliary fixing plate (56). The fixing metal plate (57) is provided with a plurality of fixing screws (58). The fixing screws (58) fasten the fixing metal plate (57) to achieve a fixed connection between the elastic scraper (54) and the scraper auxiliary fixing plate (56). The scraper auxiliary fixing plate (56) is fixed to the periphery of the supergravity reaction rotor and is located between two adjacent flexible rollers (52).

8. The waste incineration fly ash cold-bonded aggregate granulation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular gas distribution plate (62) includes a plurality of steam nozzles (621) evenly arranged around its top.

9. The waste incineration fly ash cold-bonded aggregate granulation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure and temperature sensor (73) includes a temperature detection probe (731), a pressure sensing element (732) connected to one end of the temperature detection probe (731), a sensor body (733) connected to one end of the pressure sensing element (732), and a microprocessor (734) connected to the sensor body (733).

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