Earth and rockfill dam overflow experiment system and method
By using a buffer pool, protective unit, and flow monitoring system in the earth-rock dam overflow experiment, the problem of unstable water head height was solved, and the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of the experiment were achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA INST OF WATER RESOURCES & HYDROPOWER RES
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
In existing experiments on overflow of earth-rock dams, it is difficult to flexibly adjust and stably control the overflow head height, resulting in high experimental costs and inaccurate results.
A combined system consisting of a buffer tank, a protection unit, a receiving tank, an injection and suction unit, a flow monitoring device, and control valves is adopted. By controlling the injection and suction mechanism and adjusting the valves, the flow rate of water in the buffer tank is kept stable, thereby achieving stable control of the overflow head height.
This method achieves stable control of the overflow head height, reduces water waste, lowers experimental costs, and improves the accuracy of experimental results.
Smart Images
Figure CN122013713A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to an experimental system and method for the overflow of earth-rock dams. Background Technology
[0002] When earth-rock dams encounter extreme conditions such as extreme rainfall, flooding, or abnormally high water levels, the water flow can easily overflow the dam crest and scour the dam body downstream, causing overtopping failure. This type of failure directly leads to soil erosion and structural instability, and in severe cases, even dam collapse, posing a significant threat to the lives and property of downstream residents, the ecological environment, and infrastructure. Therefore, it is necessary to install protective structures on the downstream slope of earth-rock dams to prevent overtopping damage. To verify the protective effect of these structures, overtopping experiments are often conducted on earth-rock dams with protective structures.
[0003] In existing technologies, when conducting overflow experiments on earth-rock dams, a suction system is typically used to inject water from a reservoir into an upstream reservoir. As water is continuously injected, the water volume in the reservoir gradually increases, and the water level rises until the water overflows the dam crest and erodes the protective structure of the dam face. After the experiment, the final state of the protective structure is monitored to determine its protective effect. In overflow experiments, the overflow head directly determines the flow velocity of the overflowing water. When verifying the impact of different overflow head heights on the protective structure's effectiveness, it is necessary to change the overflow head height while ensuring its stability. However, if the above method is used, changing the overflow head height requires a very large water supply, resulting in significant water resource loss and increased experimental costs. Furthermore, it is impossible to control the stability of the overflow head height, affecting the accuracy of the experimental results. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an experimental system and method for the overflow of earth-rock dams, which can flexibly adjust the overflow head height and ensure that the overflow head height remains stable, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the experimental results and avoiding increased experimental costs.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: Firstly, an experimental system for testing the overflow of earth-rock dams is provided, comprising: Buffer pool one is provided at least one. Buffer pool one is located on the top of earth-rock dam. Buffer pool one is provided with a first wall and a second wall directly opposite the first wall. The first wall is located on the back slope side of buffer pool one near the earth-rock dam. The upper end of the first wall is recessed with an outlet one so that the height of the first wall is less than the height of the second wall, and the difference between the two is a preset difference value. Buffer pool one is used to buffer water flow. A protective unit is located on the slope surface of the back slope and extends along the back slope to reinforce the dam body of the earth-rock dam. A receiving pool is located at the toe of the earth-rock dam, and the receiving pool is used to collect or store water flow; The injection and suction unit includes an injection and suction mechanism and an injection and suction pipe. The injection and suction mechanism is disposed in the receiving pool. The inner cavity of the receiving pool is connected to the injection and suction pipe through the injection and suction cavity of the injection and suction mechanism. The injection and suction pipe extends along the back slope of the earth-rock dam to the buffer pool. The injection and suction pipe has at least one injection opening. At least one flow monitoring device and one control valve are provided. Both the flow monitoring device and the control valve are provided on the injection pipe and are located at the injection opening. The control valve is used to open the injection opening to connect the injection opening to the buffer tank. The flow monitoring device is used to monitor the water flow rate at the injection opening.
[0006] Optionally, the earth-rock dam overflow test system includes multiple buffer pools, which are arranged sequentially along the width direction of the earth-rock dam. The earth-rock dam overflow test system also includes multiple barrier elements, which are spaced apart on the back slope along the width direction of the back slope and extend along the length direction of the back slope to the toe of the earth-rock dam, so that the multiple barrier elements enclose multiple scour zones of a first preset width. The multiple scour zones are directly opposite the multiple buffer pools, and the width of the scour zone is the same as the width of the buffer pool. The protection unit includes multiple protection structures, which are correspondingly arranged within the multiple scour zones. The earth-rock dam overflow test system also includes multiple flow monitoring devices and multiple control valves. The injection pipe has multiple injection openings. The multiple control valves are correspondingly set at the injection openings. The multiple injection openings can be connected to the multiple buffer pools. The multiple flow monitoring devices are set on the injection pipe and correspond to the multiple injection openings.
[0007] Optionally, the earth-rock dam overflow test system further includes a buffer pool 2, and multiple barrier components 1 further enclose at least one scour zone 2 with a second preset width. Any of the protective structures is provided in the scour zone 2. The buffer pool 2 is adjacent to one of the buffer pools 1 and is located on the top of the earth-rock dam. The buffer pool 2 is directly opposite the scour zone 2, and the width of the buffer pool 2 is the same as the width of the scour zone 2. An outlet 2 is recessed at the upper end of the wall of the buffer pool 2 near the back slope of the earth-rock dam. The injection tube is provided with an injection opening two, and the control valve and the flow monitoring device are provided at the injection opening two. The control valve at the injection opening two is used to open the injection opening two so that the injection opening two is connected to the buffer pool two.
[0008] Optionally, the earth-rock dam overflow test system further includes multiple rows of monitoring frames, which are spaced apart along the slope length of the back slope. Each row of monitoring frames includes multiple support frames, and each of the first and second scour zones is provided with one support frame. The support frame is located on the first barrier, and each support frame is provided with a flow velocity detector for detecting the flow velocity of the water.
[0009] Optionally, the earth-rock dam overflow test system further includes multiple flow state detection elements, which are arranged one-to-one on multiple support frames. The flow state detection elements are used to detect the flow state of the water.
[0010] Optionally, the earth-rock dam overflow test system further includes multiple water depth measuring devices. Each of the first barrier components is equipped with a water depth measuring device, which is provided with a scale section for measuring the water depth in the first scour zone and the second scour zone.
[0011] Optionally, the flow velocity detection device includes a radar flow meter, the flow pattern detection device includes a flow pattern camera, and the water depth detection device includes a water gauge.
[0012] Optionally, the injection mechanism includes a water pump unit.
[0013] Optionally, the flow monitoring device includes a flow meter.
[0014] Secondly, a method for testing the overflow of an earth-rock dam is provided, employing the earth-rock dam overflow testing system described above. The method for testing the overflow of an earth-rock dam includes the following steps: The buffer pool is constructed on the top of the earth-rock dam to be tested, and the receiving pool is constructed at the toe of the earth-rock dam. The first wall of the buffer pool is located on the back slope side of the buffer pool near the earth-rock dam, and the second wall is directly opposite the first wall. The protective unit is installed on the back slope of the earth-rock dam, the injection and suction mechanism is placed in the receiving pool, and the injection and suction pipe is installed along the back slope. The injection mechanism is controlled to draw water from the container and inject the water from the container into the buffer tank through the injection pipe and the injection opening until the water level in the buffer tank is flush with the upper end of the first wall. Adjust the control valve so that the injection mechanism can continuously inject water from the receiving tank into the buffer tank at a preset flow rate. The flow monitoring device is controlled to monitor the water flow rate of the injection opening in real time until the water flow injected into the buffer pool reaches the preset total amount.
[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides a system and method for testing the overflow of an earth-rock dam. The system includes a buffer pool, a protective unit, a receiving pool, an injection / suction unit, a flow monitoring device, and control valves. During the overflow test of the earth-rock dam, a buffer pool is constructed at the top of the dam, and a receiving pool is constructed at the toe of the dam. The first wall of the buffer pool is located on the back slope of the dam, and the second wall is directly opposite the first wall. The upper end of the first wall has a recessed outlet, ensuring that the height of the first wall is less than the height of the second wall by a preset difference. A protective unit is then installed on the back slope of the dam to reinforce it. The injection / suction mechanism is placed in the receiving pool, and injection / suction pipes are installed along the back slope, extending to the buffer pool at the top of the dam. The injection / suction mechanism then draws water from the receiving pool and passes it through... Water is injected into buffer tank 1 through the suction pipe and injection opening 1 until the water level in buffer tank 1 is flush with the upper end of the first wall. At this point, the water is buffered in buffer tank 1. Then, the control valve is adjusted so that the suction mechanism can continuously inject water from the container into buffer tank 1 at a preset flow rate. Therefore, the flow rate of water injected into buffer tank 1 remains stable within a unit of time. As the water continues to be injected, it will flow out through outlet 1 and wash the protective unit along the back slope. Since the flow rate of water remains stable within a unit of time, the overflow head height remains stable. The flow rate monitoring device monitors the water flow rate of injection opening 1 in real time until the water flow injected into buffer tank 1 reaches the preset total amount.
[0016] To verify the impact of different overflow head heights on the reinforcement effect of the protective unit, after buffer tank one is filled, the injection and suction mechanism can be controlled to inject water from the receiving tank into buffer tank one at multiple preset flow rates, thus creating multiple different overflow head heights. Simultaneously, by adjusting the control valves and injection and suction mechanism, the flow rate of water injected into buffer tank one from injection opening one can be precisely controlled. Therefore, the flow rate injected into buffer tank one per unit time can be kept stable, ensuring a stable overflow head height and guaranteeing the accuracy of the experimental results. Furthermore, water can flow out immediately after buffer tank one is filled, eliminating the need for large-scale water injection into the reservoir. The water flowing over the protective unit can be collected in the receiving tank after reaching the dam toe, achieving water recycling and avoiding waste of water resources and preventing increased experimental costs. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the earth-rock dam overflow experimental system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the injection opening provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] In the picture: 100. Earth-rock dam; 1001. Dam crest; 1002. Back slope; 1003. Dam toe; 1. Buffer pool one; 11. Barrier component one; 12. Flushing zone one; 13. Flushing zone two; 2. Retention tank; 3. Injection / aspiration unit; 31. Injection / aspiration mechanism; 32. Injection / aspiration tube; 321. Injection opening; 4. Flow monitoring components; 5. Control valves; 6. Buffer pool two. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.
[0020] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0021] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0022] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.
[0023] Example 1 This embodiment provides an experimental system for the overflow of an earth-rock dam, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, using this experimental system to conduct a 100mm overflow experiment on an earth-rock dam allows for flexible adjustment of the overflow head height and ensures that the overflow head height remains stable, thus ensuring the accuracy of the experimental results and avoiding increased experimental costs.
[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the earth-rock dam overflow test system includes a buffer pool 1, a protection unit, a receiving pool 2, an injection / suction unit 3, a flow monitoring device 4, and a control valve 5. At least one buffer pool 1 is provided. The buffer pool 1 is located at the crest 1001 of the earth-rock dam 100. The buffer pool 1 has a first wall and a second wall directly opposite the first wall. The first wall is located on the side of the buffer pool 1 near the back slope 1002 of the earth-rock dam 100. Therefore, the second wall is located on the side of the earth-rock dam 100 away from the back slope 1002. An outlet is recessed at the upper end of the first wall to ensure that the height of the first wall is less than the height of the second wall, and the difference between the two is a preset value. The buffer pool 1 is used to buffer the water flow. The protection unit is located on the slope surface of the back slope 1002 and extends along the back slope 1002 to reinforce the dam body of the earth-rock dam 100. A receiving pool 2 is located at the toe 1003 of the earth-rock dam 100 and is used to collect or store water flow. The injection / suction unit 3 includes an injection / suction mechanism 31 and an injection / suction pipe 32. The injection / suction mechanism 31 is located within the receiving pool 2. The inner cavity of the receiving pool 2 is connected to the injection / suction pipe 32 via the injection / suction chamber of the injection / suction mechanism 31. The injection / suction pipe 32 extends along the back slope 1002 of the earth-rock dam 100 to the buffer pool 1. The injection / suction pipe 32 has at least one injection opening 321. At least one flow monitoring element 4 and one control valve 5 are provided, both located on the injection / suction pipe 32 and at the injection opening 321. The control valve 5 is used to open the injection opening 321, connecting it to the buffer pool 1. The flow monitoring element 4 is used to monitor the water flow rate at the injection opening 321.
[0025] When conducting an overflow test on the earth-rock dam 100, a buffer pool 1 is constructed at the crest 1001 of the earth-rock dam 100 to be tested, and a receiving pool 2 is constructed at the toe 1003 of the earth-rock dam 100. The first wall of the buffer pool 1 is located on the side of the buffer pool 1 close to the back slope 1002 of the earth-rock dam 100, and the second wall is directly opposite the first wall. An outlet 1 is recessed at the upper end of the first wall, ensuring that the height of the first wall is less than the height of the second wall, with a preset difference between the two heights. Then, protective units are installed on the back slope 1002 of the earth-rock dam 100 to reinforce the dam 100. An injection and suction mechanism 31 is placed in the receiving pool 2, and an injection and suction pipe 32 is installed along the back slope 1002. The injection and suction pipe 32 extends along the back slope 1002 into the buffer pool 1 at the crest 1001, and then the control... The suction mechanism 31 draws water from the receiving tank 2 and injects it into the buffer tank 1 through the suction pipe 32 and the injection opening 321 until the water level in the buffer tank 1 is flush with the upper end of the first wall. At this time, the water is buffered in the buffer tank 1. Then, the control valve 5 is adjusted so that the suction mechanism 31 can continuously inject the water from the receiving tank 2 into the buffer tank 1 at a preset flow rate. Therefore, the flow rate of the water injected into the buffer tank 1 remains stable within a unit time. As the water continues to be injected, the water will flow out through the outlet and flush the protection unit along the back slope 1002. Since the flow rate of the water remains stable within a unit time, the overflow head height remains stable. The flow rate monitoring device 4 monitors the water flow rate of the injection opening 321 in real time until the water flow injected into the buffer tank 1 reaches the preset total amount.
[0026] To verify the effect of different overflow head heights on the reinforcement effect of the protective unit, after the buffer tank 1 is filled, the injection and suction mechanism 31 can be controlled to inject water from the receiving tank 2 into the buffer tank 1 at multiple different preset flow rates, thus creating multiple different overflow head heights. Simultaneously, by adjusting the control valve 5 and the injection and suction mechanism 31, the flow rate of water injected into the buffer tank 1 from the injection opening 321 can be precisely controlled. Therefore, the flow rate of water injected into the buffer tank 1 per unit time can be kept stable, thereby ensuring a stable overflow head height and guaranteeing the accuracy of the experimental results. Furthermore, water can flow out after the buffer tank 1 is filled, eliminating the need to inject large amounts of water into the reservoir. Simultaneously, the water flowing over the protective unit can be collected in the receiving tank 2 after reaching the dam toe 1003, achieving water recycling and avoiding waste of water resources and preventing increased experimental costs.
[0027] For example, the injection mechanism 31 includes a water pump unit, and the flow monitoring component 4 includes a flow meter.
[0028] Optionally, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the earth-rock dam overflow test system includes multiple buffer pools 1, which are sequentially arranged along the width direction of the earth-rock dam 100. The system also includes multiple barrier elements 11, which are spaced apart along the width direction of the back slope 1002. The barrier elements 11 extend along the length of the back slope 1002 to the toe 1003 of the earth-rock dam 100, thus forming multiple scour zones 12 of a first preset width. Each scour zone 12 is directly opposite to one of the buffer pools 1, and the width of each scour zone 12 is the same as the width of the buffer pools 1. The protection unit includes various protection structures, which are correspondingly arranged within each of the multiple scour zones 12. The system also includes multiple flow monitoring devices 4 and multiple control valves 5, and the injection pipe 32 has multiple injection openings 321. Multiple control valves 5 are correspondingly installed at multiple injection openings 321, and the multiple injection openings 321 can be connected to multiple buffer tanks 1. Multiple flow monitoring devices 4 are installed on the injection pipe 32 and correspond to the multiple injection openings 321.
[0029] When verifying the protective effect of various protective structures under the same overflow head height, the suction mechanism 31 can be controlled to draw water from the receiving tank 2 and simultaneously inject the water into multiple buffer tanks 1 through the suction pipe 32 and multiple injection openings 321 until the multiple buffer tanks 1 are full. At this time, the water level in the buffer tanks 1 is level with the upper end of the first wall. Then, multiple control valves 5 are adjusted so that the suction mechanism 31 can continuously inject the water from the receiving tank 2 into the multiple buffer tanks 1 at a preset flow rate. As the water continues to be injected, the water in the multiple buffer tanks 1 will pass through the outlet. As water flows out of the outlet, it enters the flushing zone 12, thereby flushing multiple protective structures in multiple flushing zones 12 simultaneously. The water flow into multiple buffer pools 1 remains stable within a unit time, and the water flow into each buffer pool 1 is the same. Therefore, the overflow head height of each buffer pool 1 is the same. Multiple flow monitoring devices 4 monitor the water flow of multiple injection openings 321 in real time until the water flow into multiple buffer pools 1 reaches the preset total amount. At this time, the protective effect of multiple protective structures can be determined by detecting the shape of the multiple protective structures after they are flushed.
[0030] In this embodiment, five barrier elements 11 are provided to form three flushing zones 12. Correspondingly, three buffer pools 1, three flow monitoring elements 4, and three control valves 5 are provided. The injection pipe 32 has three injection openings 321.
[0031] In other embodiments, other numbers of barrier components 11, flushing zones 12, buffer pools 1, flow monitoring components 4, control valves 5, and injection openings 321 may be provided as needed, without limitation here.
[0032] It should be noted that, as Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, three of the five barrier members 11 are arranged at equal intervals with a first preset width to form two flushing zones 12. The remaining two barrier members 11 are spaced apart by the first preset width to form one flushing zone 12. This flushing zone 12 is spaced apart from the two flushing zones 12 formed by the other three barrier members 11, and the interval is not equal to the first preset width.
[0033] In some embodiments, if it is necessary to set three flushing zones 12, only four barrier members 11 may be set, and the four barrier members 11 are arranged at equal intervals with a first preset width.
[0034] Optionally, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the earth-rock dam overflow test system also includes a second buffer pool 6. Multiple barrier components 11 further enclose at least one scour zone 13 of a second preset width, within which any type of protective structure is installed. The second buffer pool 6 is adjacent to a buffer pool 1 and located on the crest 1001 of the earth-rock dam 100. The second buffer pool 6 is directly opposite the scour zone 13, and its width is the same as the width of the scour zone 13. An outlet 2 is recessed at the upper end of the wall of the second buffer pool 6 on the side near the back slope 1002 of the earth-rock dam 100, and an injection opening 321 is provided on the injection opening 321. A control valve 5 and a flow monitoring device 4 are provided at the injection opening 321. The control valve 5 at the injection opening 321 is used to open the injection opening 321, so that the injection opening 321 is connected to the second buffer pool 6.
[0035] When verifying the impact of different scour ranges on the same protective structure under the same overflow head height, two scour zones 12 are set apart with a second preset width. At this time, the two barrier members 11 on the side of the two scour zones 12 that are close to each other are spaced apart by the second preset width. Therefore, the two barrier members 11 can enclose a scour zone 2 13 with the second preset width. The same protective structure as that in one of the scour zones 12 is set in the scour zone 2 13. The top 1001 of the earth-rock dam 100 is provided with a buffer pool 2 6 directly opposite the scour zone 2 13. Then, the injection and suction mechanism 31 can be opened, so that the injection and suction mechanism 31 injects the water in the receiving pool 2 into the buffer pool 2 6 through the injection and suction pipe 32 and the injection opening 321. At the same time, through the injection... The suction tube 32 and the injection opening 321 inject water into the buffer pool 1 corresponding to the flushing section 12 which has the same protective structure as the flushing section 13. The water flow velocity at the injection opening 321 and the injection opening 321 is controlled to be the same, so the overflow head height of the buffer pool 6 and the buffer pool 1 is the same. As the water is continuously injected, the water flow with the same overflow head height will simultaneously flush the protective structure in the flushing section 12 with the first preset width and the protective structure in the flushing section 13 with the second preset width, until the injected water flow reaches the preset total amount. At this time, the influence of different flushing ranges on the protective effect of the protective structure can be determined by detecting the shape of the protective structure in the flushing section 12 and the flushing section 13 after being flushed.
[0036] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, five barrier members 11 are provided. Three barrier members 11 are arranged at equal intervals with a first preset width to form two flushing zones 12. The remaining two barrier members 11 are spaced apart by the first preset width. The flushing zone 12 enclosed by the two barrier members 11 and the other three barrier members 11 are spaced apart by a second preset width in one of the two flushing zones 12. Thus, the two barrier members 11 on the side of the two flushing zones 12 with the second preset width are spaced apart by the second preset width. This forms a total of three flushing zones 12 and one flushing zone 2 13, where the flushing zone 2 13 is sandwiched between the three flushing zones 12. The first preset width is twice the second preset width.
[0037] For example, the first preset width is 8m and the second preset width is 4m.
[0038] It should be noted that each of the three scour zones 12 is equipped with a different type of protective structure. When verifying the impact of the scour range on the protective effect, any type of protective structure can be installed in the scour zone 2 13.
[0039] Optionally, the earth-rock dam overflow test system also includes multiple rows of monitoring frames. These monitoring frames are spaced apart along the length of the back slope 1002, and each row includes multiple support frames. Each scour zone 12 and scour zone 23 has a corresponding support frame, located at the barrier 11. Each support frame is equipped with a velocity detector used to detect the water flow velocity. By setting up the support frames, a foundation can be provided for the velocity detector, allowing continuous monitoring of the water flow velocity during the overflow test. Furthermore, the spaced multiple rows of monitoring frames along the length of the back slope 1002 can detect the water flow velocity at multiple scour points in scour zones 12 and 13, ensuring the accuracy of the experimental results and facilitating comprehensive analysis of the overflow test results.
[0040] In this embodiment, five barrier elements 11 are provided, forming three scour zones 12 and one scour zone 2 13. Three rows of monitoring frames are installed, located at the outlet at the top of the back slope 1002, halfway along barrier element 11, and at the toe of the dam 1003 on the back slope 1002. Each row of monitoring frames has four support frames and correspondingly four flow velocity detectors. In other embodiments, other numbers of monitoring frames can be installed as needed, with different numbers of support frames and flow velocity detectors per row; this is not limited here.
[0041] Optionally, the earth-rock dam overflow test system also includes multiple flow regime detection devices and multiple water depth detection devices. The flow regime detection devices are correspondingly mounted on multiple support frames and are used to detect the flow regime of the water. Each barrier 11 is equipped with a water depth detection device, which has a scale section for detecting the water depth within the first scour zone 12 and the second scour zone 13. By setting up flow regime detection devices and water depth detection devices, the flow regime and water depth can be continuously monitored during the overflow test. When excessive water depth or excessive flow is detected, the overflow test can be stopped to prevent excessive water flow from destroying the protective structure and the earth-rock dam 100, ensuring the safety of the experiment.
[0042] In this embodiment, four flow regime sensors and four water depth sensors are provided. In other embodiments, other numbers of flow regime sensors and water depth sensors may be provided as needed, and this is not limited here.
[0043] For example, the flow velocity detection device includes a radar flow meter, the flow pattern detection device includes a flow pattern camera, and the water depth detection device includes a water gauge.
[0044] In some embodiments, if multiple barrier members 11 are arranged sequentially and evenly at intervals of a first preset width, a second barrier member can be arranged on the back slope 1002. The second barrier member is spaced from the outermost barrier member 11 by a second preset width, thereby forming a scouring zone 2 13 with the barrier member 11. It should be noted that in this case, multiple support frames should also be arranged at intervals along the extension direction on the second barrier member. Each support frame is equipped with a flow velocity detector and a flow state detector, and a water depth detector is attached to the second barrier member.
[0045] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for testing the overflow of an earth-rock dam, using the earth-rock dam overflow testing system described in Embodiment 1. The earth-rock dam overflow testing method includes the following steps: A buffer pool 1 is constructed at the crest 1001 of the earth-rock dam 100 to be tested, and a receiving pool 2 is constructed at the toe 1003 of the earth-rock dam 100. The first wall of the buffer pool 1 is located on the side of the buffer pool 1 close to the back slope 1002 of the earth-rock dam 100, and the second wall is directly opposite the first wall. A protective unit is installed on the back slope 1002 of the earth-rock dam 100, and an injection and suction mechanism 31 is placed in the receiving pool 2, with injection and suction pipes 32 installed along the back slope 1002. The injection and suction mechanism 31 is controlled. 1. The water flow in the receiving tank 2 is drawn in and injected into the buffer tank 1 through the injection pipe 32 and the injection opening 321 until the water level in the buffer tank 1 is flush with the upper end of the first wall; the control valve 5 is adjusted so that the injection mechanism 31 can continuously inject the water flow in the receiving tank 2 into the buffer tank 1 at a preset flow rate; the flow monitoring device 4 is controlled to monitor the water flow rate of the injection opening 321 in real time until the water flow injected into the buffer tank 1 reaches the preset total amount.
[0046] To verify the impact of different overflow head heights on the reinforcement effect of the protective unit, after the buffer pool 1 is filled, the injection and suction mechanism 31 can be controlled to inject water from the receiving pool 2 into the buffer pool 1 at multiple different preset flow rates, thus creating multiple different overflow head heights. Simultaneously, by adjusting the control valve 5 and the injection and suction mechanism 31, the flow rate of water injected into the buffer pool 1 from the injection opening 321 can be precisely controlled. Therefore, the flow rate of water injected into the buffer pool 1 per unit time can be kept stable, ensuring a stable overflow head height and guaranteeing the accuracy of the experimental results. Furthermore, water can flow out once the buffer pool 1 is filled, eliminating the need to inject large amounts of water into the reservoir. The water flowing over the protective unit can be collected in the receiving pool 2 after reaching the dam toe 1003, achieving water recycling and avoiding waste of water resources and preventing increased experimental costs.
[0047] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. An experimental system for the overflow of an earth-rock dam, characterized in that, include: Buffer pool one (1) is provided at least one. The buffer pool one (1) is located on the top (1001) of the earth-rock dam (100). The buffer pool one (1) is provided with a first wall and a second wall directly opposite the first wall. The first wall is located on the back slope (1002) of the buffer pool one (1) near the earth-rock dam (100). The upper end of the first wall is recessed with an outlet one so that the height of the first wall is less than the height of the second wall, and the difference between the two is a preset difference. The buffer pool one (1) is used to buffer water flow. The protective unit is located on the slope surface of the back slope (1002) and extends along the back slope (1002) to reinforce the dam body of the earth-rock dam (100); A receiving pool (2) is provided at the foot (1003) of the earth-rock dam (100), and the receiving pool (2) is used to collect or store water flow; The injection unit (3) includes an injection mechanism (31) and an injection pipe (32). The injection mechanism (31) is located in the containment pool (2). The inner cavity of the containment pool (2) is connected to the injection pipe (32) through the injection cavity of the injection mechanism (31). The injection pipe (32) extends along the back slope (1002) of the earth-rock dam (100) to the buffer pool (1). The injection pipe (32) has at least one injection opening (321). At least one flow monitoring device (4) and control valve (5) are provided. The flow monitoring device (4) and the control valve (5) are both provided on the injection pipe (32) and are both located at the injection opening (321). The control valve (5) is used to open the injection opening (321) to connect the injection opening (321) with the buffer pool (1). The flow monitoring device (4) is used to monitor the water flow of the injection opening (321).
2. The earth-rock dam overflow experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The earth-rock dam overflow test system includes multiple buffer pools (1), which are arranged sequentially along the width direction of the earth-rock dam (100); the earth-rock dam overflow test system also includes multiple barrier elements (11), which are spaced apart on the slope surface of the back slope (1002) along the width direction of the slope surface, and the barrier elements (11) extend along the length direction of the back slope (1002). To the toe (1003) of the earth-rock dam (100), so that multiple barriers (11) are arranged to form multiple scour zones (12) of a first preset width, the multiple scour zones (12) are directly opposite to the multiple buffer pools (1), and the width of the scour zone (12) is the same as the width of the buffer pool (1). The protection unit includes multiple protection structures, and the multiple protection structures are arranged in the multiple scour zones (12) in a corresponding manner. The earth-rock dam overflow test system also includes multiple flow monitoring devices (4) and multiple control valves (5). The injection pipe (32) has multiple injection openings (321). The multiple control valves (5) are correspondingly set at one of the multiple injection openings (321). The multiple injection openings (321) can be connected to multiple buffer pools (1). The multiple flow monitoring devices (4) are set on the injection pipe (32) and correspond to the multiple injection openings (321).
3. The earth-rock dam overflow experimental system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The earth-rock dam overflow test system also includes a second buffer pool (6), and multiple first barrier components (11) further enclose at least one second preset width scour zone (13). Any of the protective structures are provided in the scour zone (13). The second buffer pool (6) is adjacent to a certain first buffer pool (1) and is located on the top (1001) of the earth-rock dam (100). The second buffer pool (6) is directly opposite the scour zone (13), and the width of the second buffer pool (6) is the same as the width of the scour zone (13). The upper end of the wall of the second buffer pool (6) near the back slope (1002) of the earth-rock dam (100) is recessed with an outlet (2). The injection tube (32) is provided with an injection opening (321) II. The injection opening (321) II is provided with the control valve (5) and the flow monitoring device (4). The control valve (5) at the injection opening (321) II is used to open the injection opening (321) II so that the injection opening (321) II is connected to the buffer pool II (6).
4. The earth-rock dam overflow test system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The earth-rock dam overflow test system also includes multiple rows of monitoring frames, which are spaced apart along the slope length of the back slope (1002). Each row of monitoring frames includes multiple support frames. Each of the first scour zone (12) and the second scour zone (13) is provided with a support frame. The support frame is located on the first barrier (11). Each support frame is provided with a flow velocity detector, which is used to detect the flow velocity of the water.
5. The earth-rock dam overflow test system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The earth-rock dam overflow test system also includes multiple flow state detection devices, which are arranged one-to-one on multiple support frames. The flow state detection devices are used to detect the flow state of water.
6. The earth-rock dam overflow test system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The earth-rock dam overflow test system also includes multiple water depth detection devices. Each of the first barrier (11) is equipped with a water depth detection device. The water depth detection device is provided with a scale section for detecting the water depth in the first scour zone (12) and the second scour zone (13).
7. The earth-rock dam overflow test system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The flow velocity detection device includes a radar flow meter, the flow pattern detection device includes a flow pattern camera, and the water depth detection device includes a water gauge.
8. The earth-rock dam overflow test system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The injection mechanism (31) includes a water pump unit.
9. The earth-rock dam overflow test system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The flow monitoring device (4) includes a flow meter.
10. A method for testing the overflow of an earth-rock dam, characterized in that, The earth-rock dam overflow test system according to any one of claims 1-9, the earth-rock dam overflow test method includes the following steps: The buffer pool (1) is constructed at the top (1001) of the earth-rock dam (100) to be tested, and the receiving pool (2) is constructed at the foot (1003) of the earth-rock dam (100). The first wall of the buffer pool (1) is located on the back slope (1002) of the buffer pool (1) near the earth-rock dam (100), and the second wall is directly opposite the first wall. The protective unit is installed on the back slope (1002) of the earth-rock dam (100), the injection and suction mechanism (31) is placed in the receiving pool (2), and the injection and suction pipe (32) is installed along the back slope (1002). Control the injection mechanism (31) to draw water from the container (2), and inject the water from the container (2) into the buffer pool (1) through the injection pipe (32) and the injection opening (321) until the water level in the buffer pool (1) is flush with the upper end of the first wall. Adjust the control valve (5) so that the injection mechanism (31) can continuously inject the water in the container (2) into the buffer pool (1) at a preset flow rate; The flow monitoring device (4) is controlled to monitor the water flow rate of the injection opening (321) in real time until the water flow injected into the buffer pool (1) reaches the preset total amount.