Cable material tension tester

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of cable testing, and provides a cable material tension tester which comprises a workbench, a sliding seat A and a sliding seat B are slidably connected to the workbench, a motor A is fixedly connected to the workbench, and an output shaft of the motor A is fixedly connected with a bidirectional screw. The sliding seat A and the sliding seat B are in threaded fit with two sections of threads on the two-way screw rod respectively, a motor B is fixedly connected to the sliding seat B, clamping mechanisms are arranged on an output shaft of the motor B and the sliding seat A respectively, and the clamping mechanisms are used for clamping and fixing a cable; the device further comprises a clamping force optimization system. According to the scheme, through the integrated cable initial damage assessment module, the clamping interface state assessment module and the dynamic risk assessment module, real-time self-adaptive adjustment of the clamping force is achieved, and the problems that in traditional equipment, clamping force control is extensive, initial state assessment is insufficient, environmental factors affect and dynamic risk response is insufficient are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cable testing technology, and in particular relates to a cable material tensile tester. Background Technology

[0002] As the core carrier of power transmission and signal communication, the reliability of the mechanical properties of cables directly determines the safe and stable operation of the entire system. Tensile strength, as one of the key indicators for measuring cable quality, makes cable material tensile testing instruments indispensable in cable production, research and development, and quality inspection.

[0003] Traditional equipment typically consists of a worktable, a movable clamping base, and a drive mechanism. A motor drives the clamping base to apply tensile force to the cable to obtain data such as tensile strength. However, such equipment exhibits multiple shortcomings in practical applications, severely limiting the accuracy and reliability of the test results.

[0004] Firstly, the clamping force control method is too crude. Existing equipment generally relies on fixed or experience-preset clamping forces. Insufficient clamping force can easily cause slippage or even detachment between the cable and the clamp, leading to test interruption. Excessive clamping force can cause mechanical crushing damage to the cable sample in the initial stage of testing, especially affecting the integrity of the surface insulation layer or sheath. This initial damage will change the stress distribution of the cable, causing the measured breaking strength value to deviate from the true material performance. At the same time, the equipment lacks an evaluation mechanism for the initial state of the cable sample. Traditional methods cannot quantify this initial state and still use a uniform clamping standard, resulting in significantly increased dispersion and insufficient repeatability of test results.

[0005] In summary, the core bottleneck of existing technologies lies in the static and blind nature of the clamping process. The clamping force setting is seriously out of sync with the actual state of the cable, environmental conditions, and dynamic response of the test, making it difficult to improve test accuracy and reliability. There is an urgent need for a new tensile testing scheme with intelligent sensing, dynamic evaluation, and adaptive adjustment capabilities.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies urgently need improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cable material tensile tester, which aims to solve the problems of static and blind clamping process in the existing technology, and the serious disconnect between clamping force setting and actual cable condition, environmental conditions and dynamic test response, which makes it difficult to improve test accuracy and reliability.

[0008] The present invention is implemented as follows: a cable material tensile tester includes a worktable, on which a sliding seat A and a sliding seat B are slidably connected. A motor A is fixedly connected to the worktable, and a bidirectional screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor A. The sliding seats A and B are threadedly engaged with two sections of threads on the bidirectional screw. A motor B is fixedly connected to the sliding seat B. Clamping mechanisms are respectively provided on the output shaft of the motor B and the sliding seat A. The clamping mechanisms are used to clamp and fix the cable. It also includes a clamping force optimization system, which includes: Cable initial damage assessment module: Constructs an initial damage assessment model for the cable based on the cable's cumulative torsion angle and peak torsion rate, and outputs the cable's initial state index; Clamping interface status evaluation module: Constructs a clamping interface performance evaluation model based on ambient temperature and the equivalent friction coefficient of the clamping interface, and outputs the clamping stability index; System dynamic risk assessment module: Under the influence of the cable initial state index and clamping stability index, a real-time assessment model for tensile instability risk is constructed based on the standard deviation of cable axial force fluctuation, cable lateral vibration amplitude and cable tensile strain rate, and the tensile instability risk index is output. Adaptive clamping control module: It uses the tensile instability risk index as the driving signal, the cable reference clamping force as the benchmark, and the maximum clamping force that the cable can withstand as the hard upper limit to build a cable clamping force adjustment model, and outputs the target clamping force of the cable.

[0009] A further technical solution is that the clamping mechanism includes a U-shaped clamp, a lower clamp, an electric telescopic rod, and an upper clamp; The telescopic end of the motor B and the sliding seat A are both fixedly connected to a U-shaped clamp. The inner bottom surface of the U-shaped clamp is fixedly connected to a lower clamping seat. The top of the U-shaped clamp is fixedly connected to an electric telescopic rod. The telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to an upper clamping seat. The opposite end faces of the upper and lower clamping seats are provided with meshing teeth, and the meshing teeth on the lower and upper clamping seats mesh with each other.

[0010] A further technical solution is to divide the actual cumulative torsion angle by the maximum permissible cumulative torsion angle to obtain the cumulative torsion angle index; and to divide the actual peak torsion rate by the maximum permissible peak torsion rate to obtain the peak torsion rate index. In the initial damage assessment model for cables: the initial state index of the cable is obtained by calculating the weighted sum of the cumulative torsional angle index and the peak torsional rate index, and then subtracting the weighted sum from 1.

[0011] A further technical solution, in the clamping interface performance evaluation model: by multiplying a function with the natural constant e as the base, the negative temperature sensitivity coefficient multiplied by the temperature deviation index as the power, and then multiplying it by the equivalent friction coefficient index, the clamping stability index is obtained.

[0012] A further technical solution involves subtracting the minimum friction coefficient threshold for normal system operation from the actual equivalent friction coefficient of the clamping interface, and then dividing by the difference between the reference friction coefficient measured under standard laboratory conditions and the minimum friction coefficient threshold to obtain the friction coefficient index; and taking the absolute value of the difference between the actual ambient temperature and the optimal ambient temperature and then dividing by the allowable ambient temperature range to obtain the temperature deviation index.

[0013] A further technical solution, in the real-time assessment model for tensile instability risk: firstly, the weighted sum of the axial force fluctuation standard deviation index, the lateral vibration amplitude index, and the tensile velocity index is calculated, and then this weighted sum is divided by (1 plus the weighted sum of the cable initial state index and the clamping stability index) to obtain the tensile instability risk index.

[0014] A further technical solution is to divide the standard deviation of the actual axial force fluctuation of the cable by the maximum permissible standard deviation of the axial force fluctuation of the cable to obtain the standard deviation index of the axial force fluctuation; to divide the actual transverse vibration amplitude of the cable by the maximum permissible transverse vibration amplitude of the cable to obtain the transverse vibration amplitude index; and to divide the actual cable tensile speed by the maximum permissible cable tensile speed to obtain the tensile speed index.

[0015] A further technical solution, in the cable clamping force adjustment model: the difference between the cable's maximum withstand clamping force and the cable's reference clamping force is multiplied by the tensile instability risk index, and finally added to the cable's reference clamping force to obtain the cable's target clamping force.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This solution integrates modules for initial cable damage assessment, clamping interface status assessment, and dynamic risk assessment to achieve real-time adaptive adjustment of clamping force. This effectively solves the problems of coarse clamping force control, lack of initial status assessment, environmental factors, and insufficient dynamic risk response in traditional equipment. It can adjust the clamping force in real time according to the initial state of the cable, clamping interface conditions, and dynamic risks of the test, effectively avoiding cable slippage or mechanical damage and improving test accuracy and reliability.

[0017] This solution enables dynamic sensing and adaptive adjustment of clamping force during cable tensile testing. Specifically, the initial cable damage assessment module quantifies the initial state of the cable, avoiding test errors caused by unidentified initial damage; the clamping interface state assessment module evaluates the impact of environmental and interface conditions on clamping stability in real time, preventing slippage due to external factors; the system dynamic risk assessment module captures early signs of instability during the test, improving the comprehensiveness of risk assessment; and the adaptive clamping control module dynamically adjusts the clamping force based on the risk assessment results, forming a closed-loop feedback mechanism to maintain clamping stability throughout the test and ensure the reliability of the test results.

[0018] In this scheme, the cable clamping force adjustment model achieves dynamic adjustment of the clamping force by introducing a tensile instability risk index as a driving signal. Based on this, the cable reference clamping force serves as a baseline value, ensuring the rationality of the initial clamping state and avoiding test interruptions caused by blind adjustments. Furthermore, the cable's maximum withstand clamping force acts as a hard upper limit, effectively constraining the adjustment range of the clamping force, thereby protecting the cable sample from excessive compression damage. By linearly coupling the tensile instability risk index with the clamping force range, the model can respond in real time to dynamic risk changes during testing and output a target clamping force adapted to the current state. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation between sliding seat A, sliding seat B and the bidirectional screw in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping force optimization system in this invention.

[0020] In the attached diagram: 1. Worktable; 2. Sliding seat A; 3. Sliding seat B; 4. Motor A; 5. Bidirectional screw; 6. Motor B; 7. Clamping mechanism; 71. U-shaped clamp; 72. Lower clamp; 73. Electric telescopic rod; 74. Upper clamp. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0022] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0023] like Figures 1-4As shown, a cable material tensile testing instrument provided in one embodiment of the present invention includes a worktable 1, on which a sliding seat A2 and a sliding seat B3 are slidably connected. A motor A4 is fixedly connected to the worktable 1, and a bidirectional screw 5 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor A4. The sliding seat A2 and the sliding seat B3 are respectively threaded into two sections of threads on the bidirectional screw 5. A motor B6 is fixedly connected to the sliding seat B3. A clamping mechanism 7 is respectively provided on the output shaft of the motor B6 and the sliding seat A2. The clamping mechanism 7 is used to clamp and fix the cable. It also includes a clamping force optimization system, which includes: Cable initial damage assessment module: Constructs an initial damage assessment model for the cable based on the cable's cumulative torsion angle and peak torsion rate, and outputs the cable's initial state index; Clamping interface status evaluation module: Constructs a clamping interface performance evaluation model based on ambient temperature and the equivalent friction coefficient of the clamping interface, and outputs the clamping stability index; System dynamic risk assessment module: Under the influence of the cable initial state index and clamping stability index, a real-time assessment model for tensile instability risk is constructed based on the standard deviation of cable axial force fluctuation, cable lateral vibration amplitude and cable tensile strain rate, and the tensile instability risk index is output. Adaptive clamping control module: It uses the tensile instability risk index as the driving signal, the cable reference clamping force as the benchmark, and the maximum clamping force that the cable can withstand as the hard upper limit to build a cable clamping force adjustment model, and outputs the target clamping force of the cable.

[0024] In this embodiment, the workbench 1 serves as the basic structure of the entire device, on which sliding seats A2 and B3 are slidably connected. A motor A4 drives a bidirectional screw 5 to rotate, causing sliding seats A2 and B3 to move towards or away from each other along the workbench 1. Sliding seats A2 and B3 are threaded into two sections of thread on the bidirectional screw 5, respectively, thereby achieving precise relative displacement control. A motor B6 is fixedly connected to sliding seat B3, and clamping mechanisms 7 are respectively provided on the output shaft of motor B6 and sliding seat A2. Motor B6 can drive the cable to twist through the clamping mechanisms 7, thereby achieving tensile strength testing of the cable at a specific torsional angle.

[0025] The clamping mechanism 7 is used to clamp and fix the cable. Thus, by the relative movement of the sliding seat A2 and the sliding seat B3, a tensile force can be applied to the cable, completing the basic mechanical operation of the tensile test. Furthermore, a clamping force optimization system was introduced to address the problem of coarse clamping force control in traditional equipment. The initial cable damage assessment module constructs an initial cable damage assessment model based on the cable's cumulative torsion angle and peak torsion rate, and outputs an initial cable state index. This index quantifies the degree of cable damage before testing, providing a basis for subsequent clamping force adjustments. The clamping interface state assessment module constructs a clamping interface performance assessment model based on ambient temperature and the equivalent friction coefficient of the clamping interface, and outputs a clamping stability index. This index reflects the impact of environmental conditions and the clamping interface state on clamping stability in real time, avoiding slippage caused by temperature changes or fluctuations in the friction coefficient. Specifically, the system's dynamic risk assessment module combines the cable's initial state index and clamping stability index, and constructs a real-time assessment model for tensile instability risk based on the standard deviation of the cable's axial force fluctuation, the cable's lateral vibration amplitude, and the cable's tensile strain rate, outputting a tensile instability risk index. This index can dynamically capture potential precursors to instability during testing, such as increased lateral vibration or abnormal fluctuations in axial force, thus providing early warning signals for adjusting the clamping force. As a preferred implementation, the adaptive clamping control module uses the tensile instability risk index as the driving signal, combines the cable's baseline clamping force and maximum withstand clamping force to construct a cable clamping force adjustment model, and outputs the target clamping force. In this way, the clamping force can be adjusted in real time during testing based on the actual state of the cable, environmental conditions, and dynamic risks, ensuring that the clamping force remains within a reasonable range. This avoids slippage due to insufficient clamping force and prevents initial damage to the cable caused by excessive clamping force. In summary, the aforementioned technical features work together to form a complete closed-loop feedback mechanism. The cable initial state index and the clamping stability index work together in the system's dynamic risk assessment module, enhancing the comprehensiveness of the risk assessment; the tensile instability risk index directly drives the adaptive clamping control module, enabling precise adjustment of the clamping force. Thus, maintaining clamping stability throughout the entire testing process effectively solves the problems of coarse clamping force control, lack of assessment of the cable's initial state, neglect of the influence of environmental and interface factors, and inability to respond to dynamic risks during the testing process in real time, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the test results.

[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the clamping mechanism 7 includes a U-shaped clamp 71, a lower clamping seat 72, an electric telescopic rod 73, and an upper clamping seat 74. The telescopic end of the motor B6 and the sliding seat A2 are both fixedly connected to a U-shaped clamp 71. The inner bottom surface of the U-shaped clamp 71 is fixedly connected to a lower clamp 72. The top of the U-shaped clamp 71 is fixedly connected to an electric telescopic rod 73. The telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 73 is fixedly connected to an upper clamp 74. The end faces of the upper clamp 74 and the lower clamp 72 are both provided with meshing teeth, and the meshing teeth on the lower clamp 72 and the upper clamp 74 mesh with each other.

[0027] In this embodiment, the U-shaped clamp 71 serves as the basic support structure, ensuring stable positioning of the cable during stretching. The lower clamp 72 is fixed to the inner bottom surface of the U-shaped clamp 71, forming a stable support base and providing a uniform support surface for the cable. The electric telescopic rod 73 is integrated into the top of the U-shaped clamp 71, driving telescopic movement based on the target clamping force signal output by the adaptive clamping control module, thereby achieving real-time and precise control of the distance between the upper clamp 74 and the lower clamp 72. The meshing teeth on the opposite end faces of the upper clamp 74 and the lower clamp 72 mesh with each other, and the tooth structure significantly improves the equivalent friction coefficient of the clamping interface, effectively suppressing the relative slippage risk of the cable during axial stretching and lateral vibration. The overall design combines the dynamic response capability of the electric telescopic rod 73 with the interface optimization characteristics of the meshing teeth, enabling the clamping mechanism 7 to closely cooperate with the dynamic risk assessment results of the system and achieve closed-loop adaptive adjustment of the clamping force.

[0028] Through the above technical solutions, the clamping mechanism 7 can not only accurately adjust the clamping force according to the actual condition of the cable and the dynamic risk index during the test, but also significantly improve the friction performance of the clamping interface through the design of the meshing teeth, thereby effectively avoiding slippage or detachment caused by insufficient clamping force, while reducing the initial damage caused by excessive clamping force, and ensuring the stability of the test process and the reliability of the data.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cumulative torsion angle index is obtained by dividing the actual cumulative torsion angle by the maximum permissible cumulative torsion angle; the peak torsion rate index is obtained by dividing the actual peak torsion rate by the maximum permissible peak torsion rate; the initial cable damage assessment model is as follows: ; in To reverse the angle weight, As the torsion rate weight, , as well as All greater than , To accumulate the torsional angle index, The peak torsional rate exponent, This is the initial state index of the cable.

[0030] In this embodiment, specifically, the cumulative torsion angle index is a dimensionless value obtained by normalizing the actual cumulative torsion angle of the cable with the maximum permissible cumulative torsion angle. Its purpose is to eliminate the incomparability of absolute torsion angle values ​​caused by differences in cable specifications. In practical applications, the cumulative torsion angle of the cable can be collected by controlling and monitoring the number of rotations of motor B6 (the cable and clamping mechanism 7 are rigidly connected) using a PLC controller and data processor, and calculated in conjunction with a preset maximum permissible cumulative torsion angle database. Furthermore, the peak torsion rate index is a dimensionless value obtained by standardizing the actual peak torsion rate of motor B6 with the maximum permissible peak torsion rate. Its purpose is to capture the impact of instantaneous high-risk states during dynamic torsion on the microstructure of the cable material. This index can be monitored by a high-speed torque sensor and calculated in conjunction with material mechanical property parameters.

[0031] In detail, the above technical solution achieves precise quantification of the cable's historical torsional behavior by constructing a dual-standardized input mechanism. First, the cumulative torsional angle index and peak torsional rate index comprehensively assess the cable's torsional damage from both static and dynamic dimensions, ensuring the multidimensionality and completeness of the assessment results. Second, by introducing a linear combination model of torsional angle and torsional rate weights, the contribution ratio of each dimension can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs in different application scenarios, thereby improving the model's adaptability. Finally, the initial state index is output by subtracting the weighted combination value from 1, ensuring that the index value range is strictly limited to the 0-1 interval and establishing an intuitive correspondence between high index values ​​and low damage states, facilitating seamless risk assessment in subsequent systems. Overall, the above technical solution transforms the complex problem of initial cable damage assessment into a quantifiable state index through mathematical modeling, significantly improving the objectivity and accuracy of the assessment and providing a reliable data foundation for adaptive clamping force control.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the friction coefficient index is obtained by subtracting the minimum friction coefficient threshold for normal system operation from the actual equivalent friction coefficient of the clamping interface, and then dividing by (the difference between the reference friction coefficient measured under standard laboratory conditions and the minimum friction coefficient threshold); the temperature deviation index is obtained by taking the absolute value of the difference between the actual ambient temperature and the optimal ambient temperature and then dividing by the allowable experimental ambient temperature range; the clamping interface performance evaluation model is as follows: ; in This is the temperature sensitivity coefficient. The equivalent friction coefficient index. This refers to the temperature deviation index. This is the clamping stability index.

[0033] In this embodiment, the friction coefficient index is a value generated by quantifying the relative relationship between the equivalent friction coefficient of the actual clamping interface and the system's minimum friction coefficient threshold. It can be achieved by directly measuring the frictional force at the clamping interface and combining it with theoretical calculations. The purpose of introducing this feature is to avoid misjudgments that may result from relying solely on the absolute friction coefficient value, thereby more accurately reflecting the actual frictional performance of the clamping interface. The temperature deviation index is a value generated by normalizing the deviation between the actual ambient temperature and the optimal ambient temperature. It can be calculated by real-time acquisition of the ambient temperature using a high-precision temperature sensor and combining it with a preset optimal temperature range. The purpose of introducing this feature is to objectively quantify the impact of temperature fluctuations on clamping stability, thereby providing a reliable basis for subsequent adjustments.

[0034] In detail, the above scheme achieves accurate generation of the clamping stability index by constructing a clamping interface performance evaluation model. Specifically, the friction coefficient index and temperature deviation index provide quantitative inputs from two dimensions: interface friction characteristics and environmental conditions, respectively, and both work together in the clamping interface performance evaluation model. The exponential decay function used in the model effectively simulates the weakening effect of temperature rise on the friction coefficient, which is more in line with physical reality than a linear model, thus enabling the clamping stability index to respond smoothly to environmental changes. In addition, the introduction of a temperature sensitivity coefficient enhances the model's adaptability, allowing for flexible adjustment of the temperature influence weight according to the characteristics of different cable materials, providing a precise input signal for adaptive clamping control. Based on the above mechanism, this scheme not only solves the problem of inaccurate generation of the clamping stability index but also improves the reliability and adaptability of the overall testing process through quantification methods.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the standard deviation of the actual axial force fluctuation of the cable is divided by the maximum permissible standard deviation of the axial force fluctuation of the cable to obtain the standard deviation index of the axial force fluctuation; the lateral vibration amplitude of the actual cable is divided by the maximum permissible lateral vibration amplitude of the cable to obtain the lateral vibration amplitude index; the tensile speed of the actual cable is divided by the maximum permissible tensile speed of the cable to obtain the tensile speed index; the real-time assessment model for tensile instability risk is as follows: ; in The standard deviation of axial force fluctuation is the weight. As the weight of the lateral vibration amplitude, As the stretching speed weight, ,and , as well as All greater than ; The initial state weights of the cable. To maintain stability weights, as well as All greater than ; This is the standard deviation index of axial force fluctuation. The lateral vibration amplitude index, The tensile speed index, This is the initial state index of the cable. To maintain the stability index, This is a stretching instability risk index.

[0036] In this embodiment, the axial force fluctuation standard deviation index is a relative index obtained by normalizing the actual cable axial force fluctuation standard deviation with the maximum permissible cable axial force fluctuation standard deviation. It can be calculated using standard deviation methods in statistics, and its purpose is to quantify the degree to which axial force fluctuation deviates from the safe range. The lateral vibration amplitude index is a relative index obtained by normalizing the actual cable lateral vibration amplitude with the maximum permissible cable lateral vibration amplitude. It can be calculated using data collected by vibration sensors and combined with the maximum permissible threshold, and its purpose is to reflect the potential destructive impact of lateral vibration on test stability. The tensile speed index is a relative index obtained by normalizing the actual cable tensile speed with the maximum permissible cable tensile speed. It can be calculated using real-time monitoring by speed sensors and combined with the maximum permissible speed, and its purpose is to dynamically characterize the stress concentration risk that may be caused by excessively high tensile rates.

[0037] In detail, the above technical solution addresses the lack of quantitative basis for risk assessment by constructing a precise real-time assessment model for tensile instability risk. First, the axial force fluctuation standard deviation index, lateral vibration amplitude index, and tensile velocity index are introduced into the model as independent risk factors and integrated into a comprehensive dynamic parameter through weighted summation. The weights are set to sum to 1 and are all positive, ensuring that the contribution of each parameter to the risk assessment is interpretable and unbiased, avoiding the deficiency of a single parameter dominating risk judgment. The adjustment term in the denominator... This is a key design feature that couples dynamic risk with static state by introducing an initial cable state index and a clamping stability index. When the initial cable damage is severe, the denominator decreases, significantly amplifying the risk index and accurately simulating the cumulative deterioration effect of historical damage on the current test. Similarly, when the clamping interface stability is low, the denominator also decreases, reinforcing the aggravating effect of insufficient interface friction on instability risk. This design allows the model to dynamically perceive the initial defects of the cable and clamping conditions, placing previously isolated dynamic parameters within a holistic state framework for evaluation, thereby outputting a more accurate tensile instability risk index and providing a reliable basis for adaptive clamping control. Furthermore, this model can be organically linked with the initial cable damage assessment module and the clamping interface state assessment module. By integrating information on the initial state and interface conditions, it further improves the accuracy and adaptability of risk assessment, effectively solving the problem of delayed response to instability precursors such as axial force fluctuations and lateral vibrations during testing.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cable clamping force adjustment model is as follows: ; in The reference clamping force for the cable. To stretch the instability risk index. To the maximum clamping force that the cable can withstand, The clamping force is the force required to hold the cable.

[0039] In this embodiment, the cable reference clamping force refers to the minimum clamping force that ensures the cable can be stably clamped under the initial test conditions. This force can be achieved through experimental calibration or empirical setting, aiming to provide a reasonable starting point for dynamic adjustments. The tensile instability risk index is a quantitative risk value derived from a comprehensive assessment of dynamic parameters such as cable axial force fluctuation, lateral vibration amplitude, and tensile speed. It can be achieved through a combination of real-time monitoring and mathematical modeling, aiming to reflect potential instability risks during the test. The cable's maximum withstand clamping force refers to the maximum clamping force that the cable's surface insulation layer or sheath can withstand without mechanical damage. This force can be determined through material mechanical property testing or finite element analysis, aiming to prevent irreversible damage to the cable from excessive clamping. The cable target clamping force refers to the optimal clamping force dynamically calculated based on the current test conditions. It is generated through a linear adjustment model, aiming to achieve precise matching between the clamping force and the real-time risk state.

[0040] In the above embodiments, all "maximum allowable values" (e.g., maximum allowable cable tensile speed) should be determined based on equipment design parameters and experimental data to ensure the accuracy of the evaluation. All "weights" (e.g., torsion angle weight, torsion rate weight, etc.) can be implemented through dynamic adjustment algorithms or optimization based on historical data.

[0041] Specifically, the aforementioned model achieves dynamic adjustment of the clamping force by introducing a tensile instability risk index as a driving signal. Based on this, the cable reference clamping force serves as a baseline value, ensuring the rationality of the initial clamping state and avoiding test interruptions caused by blind adjustments. Furthermore, the cable's maximum withstand clamping force acts as a hard upper limit, effectively constraining the adjustment range of the clamping force and protecting the cable sample from excessive compression damage. By linearly coupling the tensile instability risk index with the clamping force range, the model can respond in real-time to dynamic risk changes during testing and output a target clamping force adapted to the current state. This mechanism not only significantly improves the stability of the testing process but also minimizes slippage or initial damage caused by improper clamping, thereby ensuring the reliability and repeatability of the test data.

[0042] In summary, through the above technical solutions, the cable clamping force adjustment model successfully solves the instability risk caused by static setting of clamping force in traditional equipment, realizes intelligent and dynamic control of clamping force, and provides a more accurate and reliable solution for cable tensile testing.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cable material tensile testing instrument, comprising a worktable (1), characterized in that, The workbench (1) is slidably connected to a sliding seat A (2) and a sliding seat B (3). The workbench (1) is fixedly connected to a motor A (4). The output shaft of the motor A (4) is fixedly connected to a bidirectional screw (5). The sliding seat A (2) and the sliding seat B (3) are threadedly engaged with the two sections of thread on the bidirectional screw (5). The sliding seat B (3) is fixedly connected to a motor B (6). The output shaft of the motor B (6) and the sliding seat A (2) are respectively provided with a clamping mechanism (7). The clamping mechanism (7) is used to clamp and fix the cable. It also includes a clamping force optimization system, which includes: Cable initial damage assessment module: Constructs an initial damage assessment model for the cable based on the cable's cumulative torsion angle and peak torsion rate, and outputs the cable's initial state index; Clamping interface status evaluation module: Constructs a clamping interface performance evaluation model based on ambient temperature and the equivalent friction coefficient of the clamping interface, and outputs the clamping stability index; System dynamic risk assessment module: Under the influence of the cable initial state index and clamping stability index, a real-time assessment model for tensile instability risk is constructed based on the standard deviation of cable axial force fluctuation, cable lateral vibration amplitude and cable tensile strain rate, and the tensile instability risk index is output. Adaptive clamping control module: It uses the tensile instability risk index as the driving signal, the cable reference clamping force as the benchmark, and the maximum clamping force that the cable can withstand as the hard upper limit to build a cable clamping force adjustment model, and outputs the target clamping force of the cable.

2. The cable material tensile tester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism (7) includes a U-shaped clamp (71), a lower clamp (72), an electric telescopic rod (73), and an upper clamp (74). The telescopic end of the motor B (6) and the sliding seat A (2) are both fixedly connected to a U-shaped clamp (71). The inner bottom surface of the U-shaped clamp (71) is fixedly connected to a lower clamp (72). The top of the U-shaped clamp (71) is fixedly connected to an electric telescopic rod (73). The telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod (73) is fixedly connected to an upper clamp (74). The end faces of the upper clamp (74) and the lower clamp (72) are both provided with meshing teeth, and the meshing teeth on the lower clamp (72) and the upper clamp (74) mesh with each other.

3. The cable material tensile tester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cumulative torsion angle index is obtained by dividing the actual cumulative torsion angle by the maximum permissible cumulative torsion angle; the peak torsion rate index is obtained by dividing the actual peak torsion rate by the maximum permissible peak torsion rate. In the initial damage assessment model for cables: the initial state index of the cable is obtained by calculating the weighted sum of the cumulative torsional angle index and the peak torsional rate index, and then subtracting the weighted sum from 1.

4. The cable material tensile tester according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the clamping interface performance evaluation model: the clamping stability index is obtained by multiplying a function with the natural constant e as the base, the negative temperature sensitivity coefficient multiplied by the temperature deviation index as the power, and then multiplying it by the equivalent friction coefficient index.

5. The cable material tensile tester according to claim 4, characterized in that, The friction coefficient index is obtained by subtracting the minimum friction coefficient threshold for normal system operation from the actual equivalent friction coefficient of the clamping interface, and then dividing by (the difference between the reference friction coefficient measured under standard laboratory conditions and the minimum friction coefficient threshold); the temperature deviation index is obtained by subtracting the optimal ambient temperature from the actual ambient temperature, taking the absolute value, and then dividing by the allowable ambient temperature range for the experiment.

6. The cable material tensile tester according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the real-time assessment model for tensile instability risk: First, the weighted sum of the standard deviation index of axial force fluctuation, the amplitude index of lateral vibration, and the tensile velocity index is calculated. Then, this weighted sum is divided by (1 plus the weighted sum of the initial state index of the cable and the clamping stability index) to obtain the tensile instability risk index.

7. The cable material tensile tester according to claim 6, characterized in that, The standard deviation of axial force fluctuation of the actual cable is divided by the maximum permissible standard deviation of axial force fluctuation of the cable to obtain the standard deviation index of axial force fluctuation. The transverse vibration amplitude index is obtained by dividing the actual transverse vibration amplitude of the cable by the maximum permissible transverse vibration amplitude of the cable. The tensile speed index is obtained by dividing the actual cable tensile speed by the maximum permissible cable tensile speed.

8. The cable material tensile tester according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the cable clamping force adjustment model: the difference between the cable's maximum withstand clamping force and the cable's reference clamping force is multiplied by the tensile instability risk index, and finally added to the cable's reference clamping force to obtain the cable's target clamping force.

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