Floating electric spindle

Abstract

The floating electric spindle comprises a shell, a spindle body and a floating assembly, the spindle body is arranged in the shell in a penetrating mode, the two ends of the spindle body penetrate out of the shell, and a fixing ring is arranged on the portion, located in the shell, of the spindle body; the floating assembly comprises a floating cylinder, a locking cylinder, a floating ring, a guide ring and a floating ball, the floating cylinder, the locking cylinder, the floating ring, the guide ring and the floating ball are arranged in the shell, the floating ring sleeves the main shaft body and is connected with the fixed ring, the guide ring is arranged on the peripheral side of the floating ring and is connected with one end, close to the floating ring, of the shell, and the floating ball is located between the guide ring and the floating ring; the floating cylinder is located on the side, away from the fixed ring, of the floating ring and is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the shell so as to move in the axial direction of the main shaft body, and the locking cylinder is arranged on the peripheral side of the floating cylinder in a sleeving mode and is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the shell so as to move in the axial direction of the main shaft body. The floating motorized spindle can flexibly switch the floating state and the locking state according to different machining requirements, and the machining flexibility and efficiency are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric spindle technology, and in particular to a floating electric spindle. Background Technology

[0002] As the high-end manufacturing industry rapidly develops towards precision, flexibility, and efficiency, the electric spindle, as a core functional component of CNC machine tools, industrial robots, and other equipment, directly determines machining accuracy, surface quality, and production efficiency. Currently, in scenarios such as complex surface machining, burr removal, and precision polishing, workpieces often exhibit slight deformations due to manufacturing errors, clamping deviations, or material properties. Because traditional electric spindles lack buoyancy, the rigidity between the electric spindle / grinding head and the workpiece is excessive during grinding, easily causing damage to the electric spindle or grinding head. This necessitates frequent replacements of the electric spindle or grinding head, impacting subsequent grinding efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, or at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a floating electric spindle.

[0004] This application provides a floating electric spindle having a floating state and a locked state, including: The housing has an inlet and an outlet that are opposite to and communicate with its interior; A guide ring is connected to the end of the housing with the protrusion and communicates with the interior of the housing. A floating assembly includes a floating ring and a floating cylinder and a locking cylinder disposed within a housing. The floating ring is coaxially disposed inside the guide ring and can float relative to the guide ring. The floating cylinder is located on the side of the floating ring facing the inlet and is slidably engaged with the inner wall of the housing to move axially. The locking cylinder is sleeved on the outer periphery of the floating cylinder and is slidably engaged with the inner wall of the housing to move axially. When the floating electric spindle is in the locked state, the locking cylinder presses against the outer circumferential surface of the floating cylinder axially to lock its axial position and causes the floating cylinder to abut against the floating ring, so that the floating ring is fixed relative to the guide ring; when the floating electric spindle is in the floating state, the locking cylinder releases the axial pressing on the floating cylinder to unlock it and causes the floating cylinder to disengage from the floating ring, so that the floating ring floats relative to the guide ring.

[0005] In one possible implementation, the floating electric spindle further includes a second elastic element, and the inner wall of the housing is provided with a limiting portion along the circumferential direction. The second elastic element is located between the limiting portion and the locking cylinder, with one end of the second elastic element fixedly connected to the limiting portion and the other end abutting against the locking cylinder.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the outer surface of the floating cylinder is recessed to form a first recess, which, together with the inner wall of the housing, forms a closed floating air chamber. The housing is provided with a first vent connector communicating with the floating air chamber; and / or, The inner wall of the housing that slides with the locking cylinder has a second recessed position, and the second recessed position and the outer surface of the locking cylinder form a closed locking air chamber. The housing is provided with a second vent connector that communicates with the locking air chamber.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the outer peripheral surface of the floating cylinder is provided with a first protrusion and a second protrusion at intervals, the second protrusion being located on the side closer to the floating ring, the first protrusion being used to abut against the locking cylinder, and the first recess being formed between the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the inner wall of the guide ring is provided with axially extending guide grooves at intervals along its circumference, and the outer circumferential surface of the floating ring is provided with outwardly extending guide portions along its circumference, the guide portions slidingly engaging with the guide grooves.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the floating electric spindle further includes a lower protective flange and a first elastic element. The lower protective flange is connected to the end of the guide ring away from the housing, and the lower protective flange is provided with a first receiving cavity extending axially at intervals along the circumferential direction. The guide portion is provided with a second receiving cavity extending circumferentially. A portion of the first elastic element is connected to the first receiving cavity, and another portion of the first elastic element is connected to the second receiving cavity.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the floating electric spindle further includes an upper protective flange and a limiting ring. The upper protective flange is connected to one end of the housing with the extension inlet. The end of the housing away from the floating ring has a mounting groove. The limiting ring is installed in the mounting groove and abuts against the end face of the upper protective flange. A portion of the limiting ring extends out of the mounting groove to limit the movement of the floating cylinder.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the inner wall of the housing near one end of the limiting ring has an abutment portion, which abuts against the end face of the locking cylinder to limit the axial movement range of the locking cylinder.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the floating electric spindle further includes a floating ball, the outer circumferential surface of the floating ring is provided with a floating groove along its circumferential direction, the inner wall of the guide ring is provided with axially extending limiting grooves spaced circumferentially, the floating ball is placed in the floating groove, and a portion of the floating ball is slidably disposed within the limiting groove.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the floating electric spindle further includes: The main spindle body is rotatably inserted into the housing, with its two ends protruding from the inlet and the outlet, respectively. The portion of the main spindle body inside the housing is provided with a fixing ring, and a floating ring is fitted onto the main spindle body and fixedly connected to the fixing ring.

[0014] The technical solutions provided in this application have the following advantages compared with the prior art: By controlling the axial movement of the locking cylinder, the outer circumferential surface of the floating cylinder is pressed against the floating ring, making the floating ring locked and unable to float. At this time, the floating electric spindle is in a locked state. When the locking cylinder releases its pressure on the floating cylinder, the floating cylinder disengages from the floating ring, allowing the floating ring to float relative to the guide ring. This allows the floating electric spindle to flexibly switch between floating and locked states according to different processing requirements, greatly improving the flexibility and efficiency of processing. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of an embodiment of the floating electric spindle of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of the floating electric spindle of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of an embodiment of the floating electric spindle of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the floating electric spindle of the present invention after removing the spindle body; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the lower protective flange, floating ring, and guide ring in one embodiment of the floating electric spindle of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the housing in one embodiment of the floating electric spindle of the present invention.

[0016] Icon labels: 10. Housing; 10a. Second recess; 10b. Mounting groove; 10c. Abutment part; 11. Inlet; 12. Outlet; 20. Main spindle body; 20a. Retaining ring; 21. Drive motor assembly; 22. Rotor assembly; 30. Guide ring; 30a. Limiting groove; 30b. Guide groove; 40. Lower protective flange; 50. Upper protective flange; 60. Lower rubber sleeve; 70. Upper rubber sleeve; 80. Connecting seat; 90. Cutting tool; 10 0. Floating assembly; 101. Floating cylinder; 101a. First protrusion; 101b. Second protrusion; 102. Locking cylinder; 103. Floating ring; 103a. Floating groove; 103b. Guide part; 104. Floating ball; 110. First elastic element; 120. Second elastic element; 130. First vent connector; 140. Second vent connector; 150. Limiting ring; 160. Floating air chamber; 170. Locking air chamber; S. Axial direction. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of this invention, specific embodiments are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "front," "rear," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "longitudinal," "horizontal," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "head," and "tail" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are constructed and operated in a specific orientation. They are only for the convenience of describing this technical solution and do not indicate that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0018] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. When an component is referred to as being "on" or "below" another component, the component can be located "directly" or "indirectly" on the other component, or there may be one or more intermediary components. The terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only for the convenience of describing this technical solution and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined with "first," "second," "third," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0019] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the invention with unnecessary detail.

[0020] An embodiment of the present invention provides a floating electric spindle, which has a floating state and a locked state. It should be noted that the floating state refers to the ability of the floating electric spindle to adaptively adjust to minute deformations of the workpiece surface during machining, maintaining a certain degree of flexible contact between the tool 90 and the workpiece, thereby effectively preventing damage to the electric spindle or grinding head caused by excessive rigidity. The locked state refers to the ability of the floating electric spindle to switch to a locked state when adaptive adjustment is not required. In this state, the position and orientation of the electric spindle are fixed, and the tool 90 maintains stable rigid contact with the workpiece, ensuring machining accuracy and stability.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of an embodiment of the floating electric spindle of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of the floating electric spindle of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of an embodiment of the floating electric spindle of the present invention.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, specifically, the floating electric spindle includes a housing 10 and a spindle body 20. The housing 10 has an inlet 11 and an outlet 12 that are opposite to and communicate with its interior. The spindle body 20 is rotatably inserted into the housing 10 about its own axis. Both ends of the spindle body 20 extend out of the housing 10 from the inlet 11 and the outlet 12, respectively, and a tool 90 is connected to the end of the spindle body 20 extending from the outlet 12. The spindle body 20 includes a drive motor assembly 21 and a rotor assembly 22. One end of the drive motor assembly 21 has a plug-in slot, and the rotor assembly 22 extends with a plug connector. The rotor assembly 22 is plugged into the plug-in slot through the plug connector, so that the rotor assembly 22 and the drive motor assembly 21 are detachably connected. The tool 90 is connected to the end of the rotor assembly 22 away from the drive motor assembly 21. In this way, the rotor assembly 22 is driven to rotate by the drive motor assembly 21, which in turn drives the tool 90 to rotate at high speed, thereby realizing the grinding, deburring and other processing operations on the surface of the workpiece.

[0023] In addition, a connecting seat 80 is connected to the outer surface of the housing 10, which is stably connected to the robot arm to ensure that the robot arm can accurately control the position and posture of the floating electric spindle during the processing.

[0024] Because the rotor assembly 22 is detachably connected to the drive motor assembly 21, when the tool 90 or the drive motor assembly 21 needs to be repaired or replaced, the rotor assembly 22 can be pulled out of the insertion slot of the drive motor assembly 21 to separate the two without having to perform a cumbersome disassembly operation on the entire floating electric spindle. This greatly improves the efficiency of repair and replacement and reduces maintenance costs.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the floating electric spindle of the present invention after removing the spindle body.

[0026] Furthermore, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the floating electric spindle also includes a guide ring 30 and a floating assembly 30. The guide ring 30 is connected to the end of the housing with an extension and communicates with the interior of the housing 10. The floating assembly 30 is disposed between the housing 10 and the spindle body 20 so that when the floating electric spindle is in a floating state, it can generate corresponding elastic deformation according to the small deformation of the workpiece surface, providing the spindle body 20 with adaptive adjustment space, so that the grinding head and the workpiece maintain a suitable flexible contact force.

[0027] Specifically, the floating assembly 30 includes a floating cylinder 101, a locking cylinder 102, a floating ring 103, a guide ring 30, and a floating ball 35 disposed within the housing 10. The floating ring 103 is sleeved on the main shaft body 20. The portion of the main shaft body 20 located within the housing 10 is provided with a fixed ring 20a. The floating ring is coaxially disposed inside the guide ring and can float relative to the guide ring. The floating ring 103 and the fixed ring are fixedly connected to form an integral unit. The floating ball 35 is located between the guide ring 30 and the floating ring 103. The floating cylinder 101 is located on the side of the floating ring 103 facing the insertion port, and the floating cylinder 101 slides with the inner wall of the housing 10 to move along the axial direction S. The locking cylinder 102 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the floating cylinder 101 and slides with the inner wall of the housing 10 to move along the axial direction S. When the floating electric spindle is in the locked state, the locking cylinder 102 presses the outer peripheral surface of the floating cylinder 101 along the axial direction S to lock its axial position S, and causes the floating cylinder 101 to abut against the floating ring 103, so that the floating ring 103 is fixed relative to the guide ring 30; when the floating electric spindle is in the floating state, the locking cylinder 102 releases the axial pressure on the floating cylinder 101 to unlock it, and causes the floating cylinder 101 to disengage from the floating ring 103, so that the floating ring 103 floats relative to the guide ring 30.

[0028] In practical applications, if the floating electric spindle needs to maintain a floating state, the floating cylinder 101 disengages from the floating ring 103, allowing the floating ring 103 to float relative to the guide ring 30. At this point, after the tool 90 contacts the workpiece surface and undergoes a slight deformation, the floating ring 103 causes the spindle body 20 to generate a corresponding elastic displacement. This causes the floating ball 35 to roll within the floating groove 33a and the limiting groove 34a between the guide ring 30 and the floating ring 103, adapting to displacement changes. This provides the spindle body 20 with adaptive adjustment space, ensuring the grinding head and workpiece remain in contact. Maintaining appropriate flexible contact force between parts effectively avoids damage to the electric spindle or grinding head caused by excessive rigidity. If the floating electric spindle needs to be switched to the locked state, the locking cylinder 102 moves along the axial direction S to press against the outer circumferential surface of the floating cylinder 101, locking the axial position S of the floating cylinder 101, so that the floating cylinder 101 abuts against the floating ring 103, thereby fixing the floating ring 103 relative to the guide ring 30. At this time, the position and posture of the spindle body 20 are fixed, and the grinding head and the workpiece maintain stable rigid contact, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the machining.

[0029] Furthermore, when it is necessary to adjust the floating range of the floating electric spindle, this can be achieved by controlling the circumferential movement of the floating cylinder 101. That is, if it is necessary to increase the floating range, the floating cylinder 101 can be controlled to move forward along the axial direction S to increase the floating gap between the floating ring 103 and the floating cylinder 101, thereby expanding the floating range of the floating electric spindle. This allows the grinding head to make a greater adaptive adjustment when contacting the workpiece, in order to adapt to the processing requirements of workpieces of different shapes and sizes. If the floating range is reduced, the floating cylinder 101 can be controlled to move in the opposite direction along the axial direction S to reduce the floating gap between the floating ring 103 and the floating cylinder 101, thereby reducing the floating range of the floating electric spindle and improving the accuracy and stability of the contact between the grinding head and the workpiece during processing. This is suitable for deburring operations of workpieces with high processing accuracy requirements.

[0030] It should be noted that the switching between the floating state and the locked state of the floating electric spindle can be achieved by controlling the axial S movement of the locking cylinder 102. This process can be driven by pneumatic, hydraulic or electric means, and the specific driving method can be selected according to the actual application scenario and requirements.

[0031] In summary, the floating electric spindle of this application controls the axial movement S of the locking cylinder 102 to press the outer circumferential surface of the floating cylinder 101, causing the floating cylinder 101 to abut against the floating ring 103, thus locking the floating ring 103 and preventing it from floating. At this time, the floating electric spindle is in a locked state. When the locking cylinder releases the pressure on the floating cylinder 101, the floating cylinder 101 disengages from the floating ring 103, allowing the floating ring 103 to float relative to the guide ring 30. Thus, the Shudie floating electric spindle can flexibly switch between floating and locked states according to different processing requirements, greatly improving the flexibility and efficiency of processing.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the outer surface of the floating cylinder 101 has a recessed first recess, which forms a closed floating air chamber 150 with the inner wall of the housing 10. The housing 10 has a first vent connector 100 communicating with the floating air chamber 150. Thus, when the floating electric spindle is in a floating state, gas can be injected into or released into the floating air chamber 150 through the first vent connector 100 to adjust the air pressure in the floating air chamber 150, thereby controlling the floating performance of the floating cylinder 101 and enabling the floating electric spindle to better adapt to the processing requirements of different workpieces. For example, when it is necessary to increase the floating amplitude of the floating cylinder 101, gas can be introduced into the floating air chamber 150 through the first vent connector 100 to increase the air pressure in the floating air chamber 150, thereby pushing the floating cylinder 101 to move along the axial direction S and increasing the floating gap between the floating ring 103 and the floating cylinder 101; conversely, when it is necessary to decrease the floating amplitude of the floating cylinder 101, the gas in the floating air chamber 150 is released through the first vent connector 100 to decrease the air pressure in the floating air chamber 150, and the floating cylinder 101 moves in the opposite direction along the axial direction S under the action of the elastic element or other reset mechanism, thereby reducing the floating gap between the floating ring 103 and the floating cylinder 101.

[0033] Similarly, the housing 10 has a second recessed position formed in the inner wall of the locking cylinder 102, corresponding to the inner wall of the locking cylinder 102. The second recessed position and the outer surface of the locking cylinder 102 form a closed locking air chamber 160. The housing 10 is provided with a second vent connector 110 that communicates with the locking air chamber 160. Thus, by filling or releasing gas into the locking air chamber 160 through the second vent connector 110, the air pressure in the locking air chamber 160 can be adjusted, thereby controlling the clamping force of the locking cylinder 102 on the floating cylinder 101. For example, when it is necessary to lock the floating electric spindle, gas is filled into the locking air chamber 160 through the second vent connector 110, increasing the air pressure in the locking air chamber 160. This pushes the locking cylinder 102 towards the floating cylinder 101, thereby increasing the clamping force of the locking cylinder 102 on the floating cylinder 101, locking the floating electric spindle in the current position, preventing unnecessary floating during processing, and ensuring the stability and accuracy of processing. When it is necessary to release the lock on the floating electric spindle, the gas in the locking air chamber 160 is released through the second vent connector 110, which reduces the air pressure in the locking air chamber 160. Under the action of the elastic element or other reset mechanism, the locking cylinder 102 moves away from the floating cylinder 101, reducing the clamping force on the floating cylinder 101, so that the floating electric spindle can return to the floating state and continue to adapt to the processing requirements of different workpieces.

[0034] In practical applications, the first vent connector 100 is connected to an electromagnetic proportional valve to precisely control the gas flow rate entering the floating air chamber 150, thereby achieving fine adjustment of the floating amplitude of the floating cylinder 101. The second vent connector 110 is connected to a conventional solenoid valve to control the gas flow in and out of the locking air chamber 160, thereby achieving a rapid response to the clamping action of the locking cylinder 102.

[0035] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the lower protective flange, floating ring, and guide ring in one embodiment of the floating electric spindle of the present invention.

[0036] like Figure 5 As shown, in one possible implementation, the inner wall of the guide ring is provided with circumferentially extending guide grooves at intervals along its circumference, and the outer circumferential surface of the floating ring is provided with an outwardly extending guide portion along its axial direction. The guide portion slides in conjunction with the guide groove, so that the floating ring can slide axially along the guide groove of the guide ring. At the same time, the guide groove restricts the circumferential movement of the floating ring, ensuring that the floating ring does not deflect circumferentially during axial movement, thereby ensuring the stability and accuracy of the floating electric spindle during the floating process. This allows the floating electric spindle to adjust its position and posture more accurately when adapting to the processing of different workpieces, thereby improving processing quality and efficiency.

[0037] Because the spindle body itself is heavy, it is prone to tilting during actual machining, causing the side edge of the tool connected to the spindle body to contact the workpiece surface, thus affecting machining accuracy and surface quality. Therefore, in one possible embodiment, the floating electric spindle further includes a lower protective flange 40 and a first elastic element 130. The lower protective flange 40 is connected to the end of the guide ring 30 away from the floating ring 103, and the lower protective flange 40 has first receiving cavities extending axially S at intervals along the circumference. The inner wall of the guide ring 30 has guide grooves 34b extending axially S at intervals along the circumference. The outer circumferential surface of the floating ring 103 has outwardly extending guide portions 33b, and the guide portions 33b have second receiving cavities extending circumferentially. A portion of the first elastic element 130 is connected to the first receiving cavity, and another portion of the first elastic element 130 is connected to the second receiving cavity.

[0038] In other words, by installing multiple first elastic elements between the lower protective flange and the floating ring, these elements generate an elastic restoring force when the spindle body tilts. This force effectively counteracts the torque generated by the spindle body's tilt and the tilting tendency caused by its own weight, maintaining the spindle body in a relatively stable state. This ensures that the tool's side edge is perpendicular to the workpiece surface, thereby guaranteeing machining accuracy and surface quality. Simultaneously, the evenly distributed distribution of these first elastic elements provides balanced elastic support from multiple directions, further enhancing the stability of the spindle body. This ensures that any tilting tendency of the spindle body in any direction can be corrected promptly and effectively, guaranteeing the stable operation of the floating electric spindle during machining.

[0039] In addition, the lower protective flange 40 plays a role in protecting the internal structure, effectively preventing external impurities and foreign objects from entering the floating electric spindle and avoiding interference and damage to the normal operation of the floating electric spindle.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the floating electric spindle further includes a second elastic element 140. A limiting portion is provided circumferentially on the inner wall of the housing 10. The second elastic element 140 is located between the limiting portion and the locking cylinder 102. One end of the second elastic element 140 is fixedly connected to the limiting portion, and the other end abuts against the locking cylinder 102. Thus, the second elastic element 140 provides elastic buffering when the locking cylinder 102 moves axially (S-shape), preventing damage to the locking cylinder 102 due to excessive impact during movement. It also assists the locking cylinder 102 in returning to the appropriate position more accurately after completing the locking or unlocking action. For example, when the floating electric spindle is in the locked state, the second elastic element 140 is in a certain compressed state, and its elasticity ensures that the locking cylinder 102 fits tightly with the relevant components, enhancing the locking effect. When switching to the floating state is required, the elasticity of the second elastic element 140 helps the locking cylinder 102 move quickly, reducing switching time and improving the overall working efficiency and stability of the floating electric spindle.

[0041] In one possible implementation, the outer peripheral surface of the floating cylinder 101 is provided with a first protrusion 31a and a second protrusion 31b spaced apart. The second protrusion 31b is located on the side closer to the floating ring 103. The first protrusion 31a is used to abut against the locking cylinder 102, and a first recess is formed between the first protrusion 31a and the second protrusion 31b. Thus, by providing the first protrusion 31a and the second protrusion 31b spaced apart on the outer peripheral surface of the floating rod, and utilizing the abutment of the first protrusion 31a and the second protrusion 31b against the inner wall of the housing 10, the floating cylinder 101 can be well supported and limited during axial movement S. The abutment of the first protrusion 31a against the locking cylinder 102 ensures more stable and reliable force transmission during locking or unlocking operations, ensuring that the locking cylinder 102 can accurately perform the corresponding actions. Furthermore, since a first recess is formed between the first protrusion 31a and the second protrusion 31b, when the first protrusion 31a and the second protrusion 31b abut against the inner wall of the housing 10, the first recess and the inner wall of the housing 10 enclose a closed floating air chamber 150. This ensures the sealing of the floating air chamber 150 and enables the floating cylinder 101 to stably change the volume of the floating air chamber 150 when it moves axially S, thereby achieving the adjustment of the floating performance.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the floating electric spindle further includes an upper protective flange 50 and a limiting ring 120. The upper protective flange 50 is connected to the end of the housing 10 away from the floating ring 103. The end of the housing 10 away from the floating ring 103 has a mounting groove. The limiting ring 120 is installed in the mounting groove, with a portion extending out of the groove to limit the movement of the floating cylinder 101. Thus, when the floating cylinder 101 moves axially (S), once it approaches a set limit position, the limiting ring 120 will prevent the floating cylinder 101 from continuing to move, avoiding collisions with other components or structural damage due to excessive movement. This ensures the floating electric spindle operates safely and stably under various working conditions, effectively improving the reliability and service life of the equipment. Furthermore, the upper protective flange 50 protects the internal structure, effectively preventing external impurities and foreign objects from entering the floating electric spindle and avoiding interference and damage to its normal operation.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the inner wall of the housing near the end of the limiting ring has an abutment portion that abuts against the end face of the locking cylinder to limit the axial movement range of the locking cylinder. Thus, when the locking cylinder moves axially, the abutment portion can precisely control its movement range, preventing the locking cylinder from exceeding its predetermined stroke. This ensures the relative positional accuracy between the components inside the floating electric spindle, making the floating electric spindle more stable and reliable during operation, reducing vibration and noise caused by component positional deviations, and improving the overall operating quality and performance of the equipment.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the floating electric spindle further includes a lower rubber sleeve 60 and an upper rubber sleeve 70. The lower protective flange 40 has a lower mounting groove at its end furthest from the housing 10. One end of the lower rubber sleeve 60 is engaged in the lower mounting groove, and the spindle body 20 passes through the lower rubber sleeve 60, with the outer surface of the spindle body 20 tightly fitted to the outer surface of the lower rubber sleeve 60. The upper protective flange 50 has an upper mounting groove at its end furthest from the housing 10. One end of the upper rubber sleeve 70 is engaged in the upper mounting groove, and the spindle body 20 passes through the upper rubber sleeve 70, with the outer surface of the spindle body 20 tightly fitted to the outer surface of the upper rubber sleeve 70. Thus, the lower rubber sleeve 60 and the upper rubber sleeve 70 further enhance the sealing performance of the floating electric spindle, effectively preventing external dust, moisture, and other impurities from entering the housing 10, avoiding corrosion or wear on the precision components of the spindle, thereby extending the service life of the floating electric spindle. Meanwhile, the tight fit between the lower rubber sleeve 60 and the upper rubber sleeve 70 and the spindle body 20 also provides a certain degree of cushioning and shock absorption. This reduces noise caused by vibration during high-speed spindle rotation or floating adjustments, improves the smoothness of spindle operation, and ensures the accuracy and quality of the machining process. Furthermore, the snap-fit ​​installation method makes the replacement and maintenance of the lower rubber sleeve 60 and the upper rubber sleeve 70 more convenient and quick. When the rubber sleeves are worn or aged, they can be easily removed from the mounting slots and replaced with new ones, reducing equipment maintenance costs and time.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and substitutions should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating electric spindle, having a floating state and a locked state, characterized in that, include: The housing has an inlet and an outlet that are opposite to and communicate with its interior; A guide ring is connected to the end of the housing with the protrusion and communicates with the interior of the housing. A floating assembly includes a floating ring and a floating cylinder and a locking cylinder disposed within a housing. The floating ring is coaxially disposed inside the guide ring and can float relative to the guide ring. The floating cylinder is located on the side of the floating ring facing the inlet and is slidably engaged with the inner wall of the housing to move axially. The locking cylinder is sleeved on the outer periphery of the floating cylinder and is slidably engaged with the inner wall of the housing to move axially. When the floating electric spindle is in the locked state, the locking cylinder presses against the outer circumferential surface of the floating cylinder axially to lock its axial position and causes the floating cylinder to abut against the floating ring, so that the floating ring is fixed relative to the guide ring; when the floating electric spindle is in the floating state, the locking cylinder releases the axial pressing on the floating cylinder to unlock it and causes the floating cylinder to disengage from the floating ring, so that the floating ring floats relative to the guide ring.

2. The floating electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating electric spindle also includes a second elastic element. The inner wall of the housing is provided with a limiting part along the circumference. The second elastic element is located between the limiting part and the locking cylinder. One end of the second elastic element is fixedly connected to the limiting part, and the other end abuts against the locking cylinder.

3. The floating electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the floating cylinder has a first recessed position, which forms a closed floating air chamber with the inner wall of the housing. A first vent connector communicating with the floating air chamber is provided on the housing; and / or, The inner wall of the housing that slides with the locking cylinder has a second recessed position, and the second recessed position and the outer surface of the locking cylinder form a closed locking air chamber. The housing is provided with a second vent connector that communicates with the locking air chamber.

4. The floating electric spindle according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer peripheral surface of the floating cylinder is provided with a first protrusion and a second protrusion at intervals. The second protrusion is located on the side close to the floating ring. The first protrusion is used to abut against the locking cylinder, and the first recess is formed between the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

5. The floating electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the guide ring is provided with axially extending guide grooves at intervals along its circumference, and the outer circumferential surface of the floating ring is provided with outwardly extending guide portions along its circumference, the guide portions slidingly engaging with the guide grooves.

6. The floating electric spindle according to claim 5, characterized in that, The floating electric spindle also includes a lower protective flange and a first elastic element. The lower protective flange is connected to the end of the guide ring away from the housing, and the lower protective flange is provided with a first receiving cavity extending axially at intervals along the circumferential direction. The guide portion is provided with a second receiving cavity extending circumferentially. A part of the first elastic element is connected to the first receiving cavity, and another part of the first elastic element is connected to the second receiving cavity.

7. The floating electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating electric spindle also includes an upper protective flange and a limiting ring. The upper protective flange is connected to the end of the housing that has the extension port. The end of the housing away from the floating ring has a mounting groove. The limiting ring is installed in the mounting groove and abuts against the end face of the upper protective flange. A portion of the limiting ring extends out of the mounting groove to limit the movement of the floating cylinder.

8. The floating electric spindle according to claim 7, characterized in that, The inner wall of the housing near one end of the limiting ring is provided with an abutment portion along the circumferential direction. The abutment portion is used to abut against the end face of the locking cylinder to limit the axial movement range of the locking cylinder.

9. The floating electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating electric spindle also includes a floating ball. The outer circumferential surface of the floating ring is provided with a floating groove along its circumference. The inner wall of the guide ring is provided with axially extending limiting grooves at intervals along its circumference. The floating ball is placed in the floating groove, and a part of the floating ball is slidably disposed in the limiting groove.

10. The floating electric spindle according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The floating electric spindle also includes: The main spindle body is rotatably inserted into the housing, with its two ends protruding from the inlet and the outlet, respectively. The portion of the main spindle body inside the housing is provided with a fixing ring, and a floating ring is fitted onto the main spindle body and fixedly connected to the fixing ring.

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