A type of integrated distribution box

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of power equipment technology, and more particularly to an integrated distribution box. The invention utilizes a movable partition plate within the ventilation cavity, constrained by a guiding component and reset by an elastic element. The sudden change in pressure difference between the inside and outside of the box serves as the driving force, causing the partition plate to shift and instantaneously reduce the flow gap within the ventilation cavity, thereby significantly increasing the equivalent flow resistance of the lateral flow channel. This adaptive variable damping mechanism effectively suppresses the "pumping effect" caused by air pressure pulsations, preventing the instantaneous large-scale intake of external moisture and dust. It automatically resets after the pressure difference stabilizes to ensure normal heat dissipation. Simultaneously, the staggered arrangement of the perforation array forms a physical maze, achieving an automatic balance and consideration of dynamic protection level and heat dissipation efficiency without electrical control intervention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power equipment technology, and in particular to a comprehensive distribution box. Background Technology

[0002] Integrated distribution boxes (JP cabinets), as key node equipment in low-voltage distribution networks, are widely used in urban and rural power grid renovation, industrial and mining enterprises, and street light control, undertaking multiple functions such as power distribution, metering, protection, and reactive power compensation. Since these devices are typically placed outdoors for extended periods, they not only need excellent heat dissipation performance to ensure the stable operation of internal electrical components, but also must possess extremely high protection ratings (IP rating) to resist the corrosion of rainwater, dust, and salt spray.

[0003] In existing technical solutions, to balance the needs of heat dissipation and protection, integrated distribution boxes typically have ventilation openings on the box walls. Common methods include installing fixed louvers, rain caps, or metal filters at the ventilation openings. Some equipment with high heat dissipation requirements is also equipped with temperature-controlled fans, which remove heat from the box through forced convection. These designs can maintain air circulation inside and outside the box and provide a certain degree of physical shielding under relatively stable weather conditions (such as calm or light winds).

[0004] However, in real-world, complex outdoor operating conditions, the aforementioned existing technologies reveal significant protective deficiencies. Specifically, outdoor deployment environments are often accompanied by severe pressure fluctuations caused by gusts, typhoons, or sudden strong airflows. This problem is particularly pronounced when the integrated distribution box is deployed in specific locations such as along railway lines, beside heavy-load roads, near wind turbine arrays, or in narrow air ducts. In such scenarios, the external airflow is prone to periodic alternating positive and negative pressure changes (i.e., pressure pulsation conditions). These conditions typically originate from piston-like winds created by trains entering and leaving stations, instantaneous negative pressure trails generated by heavy vehicles passing at high speeds, or periodic pulsations induced by wind turbine blades. First, existing ventilation structures are static structures with fixed flow resistance, unable to sense and respond to such sudden changes in external air pressure. Under the aforementioned gusts or periodic pressure pulsation conditions, the ventilation area of ​​the box will repeatedly experience severe pressure differential impacts from intake and pushback within a short period. A large instantaneous pressure difference creates a strong driving force, forcing outside air carrying moisture, fine dust, and even salt spray through the gaps in louvers or filters, generating a strong "pumping effect" that forces it directly into the enclosure. This passive, instantaneous ventilation not only causes a sudden increase in humidity inside the enclosure, leading to condensation and decreased insulation performance, but also causes a large amount of particulate matter to accumulate on the surface of electrical components, causing localized overheating or even short circuits. Secondly, to address the above problems, existing technologies often simply block contaminants by increasing the density of filter pores, but this permanently increases ventilation resistance, reducing heat dissipation efficiency and easily causing filter clogging. Once clogged, maintenance personnel cannot visually detect it, and cleaning is cumbersome. Furthermore, in environments with frequent pressure fluctuations, existing water collection or drainage structures lack effective backflow prevention mechanisms. When a momentary negative pressure occurs inside the enclosure, condensate or dirt accumulated at the drain outlet can easily be drawn back into the enclosure by the airflow, causing secondary pollution.

[0005] In summary, how to achieve adaptive protection against sudden changes in external air pressure, block the pumping path of pollutants, and solve the problem of backflow prevention while ensuring normal heat dissipation is an urgent problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (I) The technical problem to be solved by this invention is that: existing integrated distribution boxes mostly adopt static ventilation structures with fixed flow resistance. When encountering sudden changes in air pressure caused by gusts of wind or passing vehicles, they cannot block the "pumping effect" driven by instantaneous pressure difference, resulting in a large amount of external moisture and dust being sucked into the box. However, if the protection level is improved by simply increasing the filter resistance, the heat dissipation efficiency under normal operating conditions will be significantly reduced and blockage will easily occur, making it difficult to balance dynamic protection and steady-state heat dissipation.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an integrated power distribution box, comprising: The enclosure includes wall panels, the wall panels having a ventilation area, the ventilation area having a first array of ventilation holes; An outer cover is provided on the outside of the ventilation area of ​​the wall panel and spaced apart from the wall panel; the outer cover is provided with a second ventilation hole array. A frame is provided around the perimeter of the outer cover plate and seals the outer cover plate and the wall panel, so that a ventilation cavity is formed between the outer cover plate and the wall panel; A partition plate is movably erected in the ventilation cavity and divides the ventilation cavity into an inner cavity near the wall panel and an outer cavity near the outer cover plate. The partition plate is provided with a third ventilation hole array, and the projection of the third ventilation hole array in the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity does not overlap with the projections of the first ventilation hole array and the second ventilation hole array, so that the gas forms a flow channel through the inner cavity and the outer cavity. The moving component includes a guide component and an elastic element; the guide component guides and cooperates with the partition plate to carry and guide the partition plate to move relative to it only along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity; when the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the box changes abruptly, the partition plate can selectively deflect towards the wall plate or towards the outer cover plate with a preset center position as a reference, thereby reducing the thickness of the inner cavity or the outer cavity to increase the flow resistance of the flow channel; the elastic element is used to provide a reset force to the partition plate pointing towards the preset center position, so that the partition plate returns to the preset center position under the action of the elastic element after the pressure difference weakens or disappears.

[0008] By installing movable partitions within the ventilation cavity and utilizing moving components to guide and elastically reset the partitions, a protective structure with adaptive response to air pressure pulsations is constructed. When the external environment of the enclosure causes a sudden change in the internal and external pressure difference, the huge instantaneous pressure difference can overcome the reset force of the elastic element and directly push the partitions to move offset to one side of the wall panel or outer cover along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity.

[0009] The direct result of this offset shift is that the flow gap in the thickness direction of the inner or outer cavity is significantly compressed, forcing the lateral flow path that the gas must pass through when passing through the first, second, and third ventilation hole arrays to become narrower, thus causing a sharp increase in the equivalent flow resistance when the airflow passes through the ventilation cavity. This instantaneous increase in flow resistance can effectively weaken and suppress the instantaneous air exchange during pressure difference changes, fundamentally blocking the path for external moisture and dust to rush into the box body in large quantities driven by the "pumping effect".

[0010] When the external pressure difference weakens or disappears, the partition automatically returns to its preset neutral position under the action of the elastic element, restoring a larger flow clearance and ensuring the natural ventilation and heat dissipation requirements of the distribution box under normal operating conditions. Furthermore, the non-overlapping arrangement of the first, second, and third ventilation hole arrays in the projection ensures that gas must flow laterally around the ventilation cavity to pass through. Even in normal ventilation conditions with the partition in the neutral position, this creates a physical maze path, effectively preventing direct rainwater intrusion and splashing. This design eliminates the need for additional electrical drive or complex sensor control; it achieves a dynamic balance between protective and heat dissipation performance under different air pressure conditions solely through the structure's own mechanical response to pressure differences.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a lateral bearing member is provided on the side of the ventilation cavity, the bearing member and the frame surround to form a mounting cavity, the mounting cavity having an outwardly extending section along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity, and an inner end wall formed at the extended end; the frame is provided with a communication port connecting the ventilation cavity and the mounting cavity; the side edge of the partition plate is provided with a connecting portion, the connecting portion extending into the mounting cavity through the communication port; the elastic member is disposed in the mounting cavity and arranged along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity, one end connected to the connecting portion and the other end connected to the inner end wall, so as to generate elastic deformation in the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity; Wherein, the length of the extended section along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity is not less than the axial length of the elastic element when it is in the ultimate compression state.

[0012] The mounting cavity with an extended section is formed by the lateral bearing members and the frame. Utilizing the additional accommodating space provided by the extended section along its thickness direction, the limitation on the spacer's movement stroke by the elastic element's ultimate compression length is eliminated. Therefore, when the elastic element deforms under pressure, its compressed portion can be housed within the extended section, avoiding geometric interference or the formation of rigid dead points in the ventilation cavity's thickness direction. This ensures that the spacer can fully execute its movement stroke from the preset neutral position to the offset position under differential pressure, guaranteeing the operational accuracy and stability of the adaptive variable damping mechanism.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the partition plate includes a first plate and a second plate that are spaced apart and parallel to each other along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity, and a fastener for connecting the first plate and the second plate; The edges of the first plate and the second plate are respectively fastened and fixedly connected to each other by the inwardly fastening fasteners, so that the first plate and the second plate form a sandwich cavity; the fasteners extend outward at the opposite two side edges of the partition plate to form receiving grooves, the receiving grooves are located in the ventilation cavity, and the depth direction of the receiving grooves is consistent with the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity; The elastic element is arranged along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity, with one end connected to the inner end wall of the receiving groove and the other end connected to the inner wall of the ventilation cavity. Wherein, the accommodating length of the receiving groove along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity is not less than the axial length of the elastic element when it is in the ultimate compression state.

[0014] A double-layer spacer structure with edge receiving grooves is formed by using a first plate and a second plate with a fastening device. The receiving grooves, along their thickness, accommodate the compressed portion of the elastic element. Thus, when the elastic element deforms under pressure, its compressed section can enter the receiving groove, preventing it from becoming a rigid dead point hindering further offset of the spacer under extreme compression. This eliminates the interference of the axial length of the elastic element on the spacer's movement stroke, ensuring that the spacer can move to the preset offset position without being limited by the compression height of the elastic element, guaranteeing a complete offset resistance increase stroke.

[0015] Furthermore, the double-layer structure formed by the fixed connection between the first and second plates creates a box-shaped cross-section with high bending stiffness, effectively improving the partition's resistance to wind pressure deformation and ensuring its flatness during overall translation under pressure differential, thus preventing local gap control failure or movement stagnation caused by plate warping. Simultaneously, the interlayer cavity formed between the two plates creates an airflow buffer expansion zone in the ventilation path. When high-speed airflow enters the interlayer cavity through the ventilation holes on the plates, the abrupt change in the flow cross-section reduces the airflow velocity and generates turbulence. This hydrodynamic effect buffers the instantaneous impact kinetic energy of the external airflow and promotes the gravitational settling of droplets or large particles carried in the airflow within the interlayer cavity. This forms a secondary gas-liquid / gas-solid separation barrier based on the principle of airflow expansion within the partition, further reducing the risk of pollutants directly passing through the partition and entering the inner cavity with the airflow.

[0016] Furthermore, the bottom of the ventilation cavity is provided with a collection groove; the frame is provided with a storage opening communicating with the collection groove.

[0017] By incorporating a collection trough at the bottom of the ventilation chamber and a storage opening on the frame, a pollutant settling and containment area, independent of the main ventilation path, is constructed at the bottom of the enclosure. This structure utilizes the principle of gravity settling to collect droplets, condensate, or solid particulate impurities that settle and separate within the ventilation chamber. The storage opening serves as the inlet to the collection trough, achieving directional communication between the ventilation chamber and the collection area. This allows the settled material to fall into the collection trough through the opening, thus preventing pollutants from accumulating at the bottom of the ventilation channel or being re-raised by airflow, causing secondary pollution to the interior of the enclosure.

[0018] Furthermore, the bottom of the interlayer cavity is provided with a guide opening, the guide opening extends along the length direction of the ventilation cavity, and the bottom of the interlayer cavity forms a converging guide section that converges towards the guide opening near the guide opening; The storage opening is located below and corresponding to the guide opening in the direction of gravity, and covers the reachable range of the guide opening as the spacer moves along the thickness direction.

[0019] By incorporating a converging drainage section at the bottom of the interlayer cavity to converge the drainage opening, and with a design that covers the travel distance of the drainage opening, a reliable sewage discharge mechanism is constructed under all operating conditions. First, the converging drainage section utilizes the structural inclination to create a funnel-like gravity-converging structure within the interlayer cavity, eliminating horizontal accumulation dead zones at the bottom of the cavity. This forces trapped condensate or particulate impurities to flow towards the lowest drainage opening under gravity, effectively preventing pollutants from accumulating and clogging the narrow cavity bottom. Simultaneously, this inward-converging shape creates a centrally inclined guiding surface on the outer wall of the partition plate's bottom. This allows rainwater or trapped dirt adhering to the outer surface of the partition plate to flow smoothly down the inclined wall and converge at the drainage opening, achieving efficient bidirectional flow and unified discharge of pollutants from both the inner and outer walls of the partition plate.

[0020] More importantly, by utilizing the complete coverage of the guide opening's travel distance in the thickness direction through the receiving opening, a dynamic receiving mechanism adapted to differential pressure displacement is established. This is particularly crucial in situations where sudden pressure changes drive large-scale movement of the spacer, coinciding with extreme rain or snow – often the moment when the spacer's contaminant interception load is at its peak. This design ensures that regardless of whether the spacer is in its preset neutral position or offset to any extreme position, the guide opening remains within the effective receiving range of the collection trough, preventing misalignment or interruption of the drainage path due to the spacer's protective displacement. This guarantees that at critical moments of maximum contaminant interception, all collected contaminants accurately fall into the collection trough below, completely eliminating the risk of secondary contamination caused by displacement leading to contaminants falling outside the collection trough and being re-entrained by strong airflow into the chamber.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the collection tank is provided with an anti-backflow guide assembly at the storage opening, the anti-backflow guide assembly including a first guide member and a second guide member respectively connected to opposite sides of the storage opening extending along the length direction and extending into the collection tank; The first guide member and the second guide member are interlocked to form a narrow channel with a gradually decreasing flow cross section, and the ends of the first guide member and the second guide member are tightly fitted in the upper space of the collection tank to form a slit valve port, thereby constituting a duckbill check valve structure.

[0022] By incorporating a duckbill check valve structure consisting of a first and a second flow guide at the collection opening of the collection tank, a one-way drainage and isolation mechanism for condensate and droplets is constructed. Firstly, the interlocking, constricted channel utilizes its converging cross-section to quickly converge the collected liquid to the slit valve at the bottom. The liquid's own weight overcomes the weak elastic adhesion force of the valve, allowing it to flow smoothly through the slit and preventing waste liquid from stagnating within the channel.

[0023] More importantly, by utilizing the elastic fit of the slit valve orifice in its natural state and the self-locking mechanism of the duckbill structure, passive blocking of liquid backflow is achieved. When a sudden change in air pressure inside the chamber generates negative pressure suction (i.e., the suction stage of the pumping effect), the pressure difference between the collection tank and the ventilation chamber acts on the inclined outer wall of the guide component, forcing the slit valve orifices at the ends of the two guide components to further press and close together. This reverse self-locking action effectively cuts off the communication path between the collection tank and the ventilation chamber, preventing the waste liquid accumulated in the collection tank from being reversed by the airflow or atomized and drawn back into the chamber under negative pressure, thus achieving unidirectional drainage and backflow prevention of liquid contaminants.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the root portions of the first guide member and the second guide member are respectively rotatably connected to the corresponding edges of the receiving opening extending along the length direction via a rotating shaft; An opening and closing drive assembly is provided on the frame or in the collection groove, and the opening and closing drive assembly is connected to the first flow guide and the second flow guide in a transmission manner. The opening and closing drive assembly is used to drive the first guide member and the second guide member to rotate and separate around the rotation axis in opposite directions to open the slit valve port, or to drive the first guide member and the second guide member to rotate in opposite directions so that the first guide member and the second guide member engage with each other, thereby closing the slit valve port and restoring the duckbill check valve structure.

[0025] By setting up an opening and closing drive assembly to actively control the first and second flow guides, active intervention in the opening and closing state of the slit valve orifice is achieved. This design overcomes the physical limitation of conventional duckbill valves, which can only naturally guide liquid through a tiny gap but cannot discharge solid particles due to the narrow channel. When slag discharge is required, the drive assembly forces the two flow guides to separate in opposite directions, directly converting the originally narrow gap into an open, wide channel, ensuring that accumulated dirt or large particles can fall into the collection tank without obstruction, completely solving the problem of solid waste accumulation and blockage at the tiny valve orifice.

[0026] More importantly, this active drive structure gives the device the ability to "select" the timing of slag discharge. Since the valve opening depends entirely on the drive command rather than ambient pressure, the device objectively possesses the structural basis to avoid external high wind pressure or strong negative pressure suction conditions, performing slag discharge only during a "safe window" of stable airflow. This ensures that during open slag discharge, there will be no reverse airflow interference due to the simultaneous pumping effect, thus guaranteeing that solid waste can safely fall and be locked in the collection tank, effectively avoiding the risk of secondary backflow that may be caused by dynamic sludge discharge.

[0027] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a guide tooth array is provided on the side surface of the wall panel facing the ventilation cavity and / or on the side surface of the outer cover plate facing the ventilation cavity. The guide tooth array includes a plurality of guide teeth, and the distribution position of the guide teeth corresponds to the hole position of the third ventilation hole array. The guide tooth has a preset length extending from its mounting surface along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity; When the partition plate is offset towards the wall panel or the outer cover plate, and the thickness of the inner cavity or the outer cavity is compressed to less than the preset length, the guide teeth extend into the corresponding holes of the third ventilation hole array.

[0028] By setting a guide tooth array corresponding to the third ventilation hole array on the wall panel or outer cover, a passive self-cleaning mechanism driven by pressure differential kinetic energy is constructed. This design cleverly transforms the "protective avoidance action" of the partition plate when dealing with large pressure differentials into a "maintenance unblocking action" for the ventilation holes.

[0029] When external wind pressure fluctuates drastically, or when long-term accumulation of dirt in the ventilation holes causes an abnormal increase in the flow resistance of the plate, the partition plate will overcome elastic resistance and undergo a significant offset movement. Once the offset causes the cavity thickness to be compressed to less than the preset length of the guide teeth, the guide teeth immediately penetrate and extend into the corresponding ventilation hole. This rigid mechanical insertion action can directly pierce, shear, and push out the accumulated dust, salt spray crystals, or ice layers in the hole, forcibly eliminating physical blockages within the tiny pores.

[0030] More importantly, this mechanism creates an adaptive feedback adjustment where the degree of blockage is positively correlated with the cleaning intensity: the more severe the blockage of the ventilation holes, the greater the thrust of the airflow on the partition plate, thereby driving the partition plate to move deeper, allowing the guide teeth to penetrate deeper and clean more thoroughly. This negative feedback adjustment mechanism requires no additional energy consumption or sensor control, ensuring that the ventilation hole array can always automatically recover to the designed effective flow area after the device has undergone harsh operating conditions or long-term operation, guaranteeing the long-term and stable heat dissipation and breathing performance of the distribution box.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the present invention, buffer members are provided on the side surface of the wall panel facing the ventilation cavity and on the side surface of the outer cover plate facing the ventilation cavity; The thickness of the buffer member along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity is less than the preset length of the guide tooth, so that when the partition plate moves biased toward the wall plate or the outer cover plate and abuts the buffer member, the guide tooth can extend into the corresponding hole of the third ventilation hole array. The buffer is made of an elastic material and is used to absorb the impact kinetic energy of the spacer.

[0032] By setting elastic buffers on the inner side of the wall panel and outer cover panel, and strictly limiting their thickness to less than the preset extension length of the guide teeth, a "soft landing" protection and functional coordination mechanism for the partition plate under extreme offset stroke is constructed.

[0033] First, by utilizing the elastic damping characteristics of the buffer components, the impact kinetic energy of the partition plate hitting the side wall at high speed under large pressure difference or gusts of wind is effectively absorbed, eliminating the mechanical noise generated by rigid collisions between metal parts, and preventing plate deformation or surface anti-corrosion coating peeling caused by repeated hard contact, thus significantly extending the mechanical life of moving parts.

[0034] More importantly, by utilizing the specific dimensional difference design where "the thickness of the buffer is less than the length of the guide teeth," precise spatial decoupling between "limiting and stopping" and "dredging depth" is achieved. This design ensures that when the partition is pushed by airflow to its physical limit position against the buffer, although the movement of the partition is "flexibly stopped" to protect the main structure, the guide teeth can still exceed the buffer thickness due to their length advantage and penetrate deep into the ventilation holes to effectively dredge. This design avoids direct impact of the guide tooth root or the partition surface against the sidewall, preventing damage, and ensures that the guide teeth achieve a certain insertion depth to remove stubborn dirt in every limit protection action, achieving a perfect balance between equipment safety and self-cleaning reliability.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the elastic element is a damping elastic element with damping energy dissipation characteristics; The damping energy dissipation characteristic is configured to dissipate kinetic energy during the movement of the spacer plate as it is forced to reset, so as to suppress the rebound vibration of the spacer plate during its return to the preset neutral position.

[0036] By employing an elastic element with damping energy dissipation characteristics, an energy dissipation mechanism is introduced into the resetting motion system of the spacer, effectively solving the dynamic instability problem that may be caused by traditional pure elastic resetting.

[0037] When the external pressure difference weakens or disappears, the spacer rebounds towards the preset center position driven by the release of elastic potential energy. The damping characteristics can quickly convert the accumulated kinetic energy into heat dissipation, thus producing a "soft braking" effect. This significantly suppresses the "overshoot" phenomenon caused by inertia when the plate reaches the equilibrium position and eliminates the repeated simple harmonic vibration (i.e., spring oscillator effect) around the center position.

[0038] This ensures that the partition plate can converge and remain stationary at the preset neutral position with the fastest and smoothest trajectory (approaching the critical damping state), avoiding mechanical noise and component fatigue wear caused by high-frequency vibration of the plate. At the same time, this rapid steady-state reset capability also ensures that the flow field pattern in the ventilation cavity can quickly switch from the "disturbance mode" back to the standard "laminar breathing mode," preventing internal airflow turbulence caused by plate aftershocks and improving the operational quality and reliability of the distribution box under frequent voltage transformation conditions.

[0039] (III) Beneficial effects of the present invention: By setting a movable partition plate constrained by a guide component and reset by an elastic element in the ventilation cavity, the sudden change in pressure difference between the inside and outside of the box is used as the driving force to push the partition plate to move in an offset manner to instantly reduce the flow gap of the ventilation cavity, thereby significantly increasing the equivalent flow resistance of the transverse flow channel; This adaptive variable damping mechanism can effectively suppress the "pumping effect" caused by air pressure pulsation, block the instantaneous large-scale intake of external moisture and dust, and automatically reset after the pressure difference stabilizes to ensure normal heat dissipation. At the same time, it forms a physical maze with the staggered arrangement of the hole array, realizing the automatic balance and consideration of dynamic protection level and heat dissipation efficiency without the participation of electrical control. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an integrated power distribution box provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of an integrated power distribution box provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an integrated power distribution box from another perspective, provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the outer cover plate provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5A three-dimensional structural diagram illustrating the cooperative relationship between the spacer and the moving component according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the ventilation cavity provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a lateral load-bearing member according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the ventilation area of ​​an integrated power distribution box according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an integrated power distribution box provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the outer cover plate provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 A three-dimensional structural diagram illustrating the cooperative relationship between the spacer and the moving component according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a partition plate after being cut according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the ventilation area of ​​an integrated power distribution box according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 A three-dimensional structural diagram illustrating the assembly relationship between the anti-backflow guide assembly and the frame according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an anti-backflow guide assembly provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a collection tank provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the ventilation area of ​​an integrated power distribution box provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Icons: 1. Box body; 11. Wall panel; 111. First ventilation hole array; 112. Second guide ramp slope; 2. Outer cover plate; 21. Second ventilation hole array; 22. First guide ramp slope; 3. Frame; 31. Storage opening; 4. Ventilation cavity; 41. Guide tooth array; 42. Buffer; 5. Partition plate; 51. Third ventilation hole array; 52. Connecting part; 53. First plate; 54. Second plate; 55. Fastener; 56. 561. Interlayer cavity; 57. Guide opening; 58. Receiving groove; 59. Converging guide section; 60. Moving component; 61. Guiding component; 62. Elastic element; 71. Lateral bearing component; 72. Mounting cavity; 73. Connecting port; 8. Collection groove; 84. Pull-out groove; 95. Anti-backflow guide assembly; 961. First guide component; 97. Second guide component; 98. Slit valve port; 99. Opening and closing drive assembly; 90. Drive switch; 91. Rotating shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Specific Implementation Example

[0044] This embodiment provides a comprehensive distribution box. The interior of the box 1 is rationally planned with partitions or supports to create multiple functionally independent operating areas, such as a metering room, an incoming line room, and an outgoing line room, to adapt to different electrical layouts and heat dissipation requirements. Although this embodiment mainly shows a standard rectangular box 1 structure for modular manufacturing and on-site assembly, in practical applications, the box 1 can also adopt a chamfered polyhedron or a column structure with streamlined transitions, depending on the geometric constraints of the installation space. To construct an effective heat exchange channel, corresponding ventilation structures are configured on the opposite side wall panels 11 along the length of the box 1, allowing external cold air and internal hot air to form a convective circulation that runs through all internal chambers. The overall device preferably adopts a left-right symmetrical structure design based on the center plane of the box 1, thereby ensuring that the ventilation paths on both sides have consistent flow resistance characteristics. This comprehensive distribution box is particularly suitable for application scenarios with significant aerodynamic disturbances, such as inside enclosed railway tunnels, areas near high-speed train tracks, or the side of heavy-load highways, and can effectively cope with periodic air pressure fluctuations caused by piston winds or strong crosswinds in the external environment. The following section will use this cuboid configuration as the basic structure to provide a detailed explanation of the specific ventilation and protection implementation methods.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the integrated power distribution box in this embodiment is assembled from core components such as box body 1, outer cover 2, frame 3, partition 5, moving component 6, and lateral load-bearing component 7.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the ventilation area of ​​the wall panel 11 is preferably constructed as an open surface region located in a local area of ​​the wall panel 11. The outline of the open surface region can be square or approximately square, so as to form a regular and sealable assembly interface with the enclosure boundary of the outer cover 2 and the frame 3. The first ventilation hole array 111 is preferably arranged in rows and columns within the open surface region. The single hole is preferably a round hole to reduce stress concentration at the hole edge and facilitate stamping / laser processing. The hole diameter, hole spacing and array density can be configured in combination with the heat generation inside the box 1, the expected air exchange volume and protection requirements. As a parallel implementation method, the first ventilation hole array 111 can also adopt oblong holes, waist-shaped holes or polygonal holes, or set a transitional arrangement of different hole types / hole spacings in the edge area of ​​the array, so as to improve the blocking ability of splashing raindrops and dust-carrying airflow while ensuring the overall ventilation volume and taking into account the processing consistency.

[0047] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the outer cover plate 2 is installed outside the ventilation area of ​​the wall panel 11 and spaced apart from the wall panel 11. In this embodiment, the second ventilation hole array 21 is preferably arranged in a corresponding overlapping manner with the first ventilation hole array 111 in the horizontal direction, so that the ventilation cavity 4 between the outer cover plate 2 and the wall panel 11 forms a consistent and effective air intake and exhaust coverage area in the planar direction, thereby avoiding ineffective ventilation areas or areas with excessively high local flow rates due to partial obstruction. In order to adapt to different installation directions or external flow directions, the second ventilation hole array 21 may not be completely consistent with the first ventilation hole array 111 in terms of array shape, hole type or hole density. By introducing differentiated hole distribution on the side of the outer cover plate 2, the inflow on the side of the outer cover plate 2 is made more uniform or the external inflow path is made more tortuous, thereby improving the path damping of rain, fog and dust without changing the spacing relationship between the outer cover plate 2 and the wall panel 11. The frame 3 is arranged around the periphery of the outer cover plate 2 and seals the outer cover plate 2 and the wall plate 11. In this embodiment, the frame 3 can be constructed as an annular frame to provide a continuous circumferential sealing surface. The outer cover plate 2 and the wall plate 11 are stably positioned and reliably sealed by means of pressing, bonding, welding or screwing, so that the boundary of the ventilation cavity 4 is defined by the frame 3 and kept relatively fixed, thereby providing clear spatial constraints and assembly benchmarks for the restricted movement of the partition plate 5 in the ventilation cavity 4.

[0048] like Figure 5As shown, the partition plate 5 is erected in the ventilation cavity 4 and divides the ventilation cavity 4 into an inner cavity and an outer cavity. In this embodiment, the third ventilation hole array 51 of the partition plate 5 is preferably a circular hole array, and the projection of the third ventilation hole array 51 in the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity 4 does not overlap with the projections of the first ventilation hole array 111 and the second ventilation hole array 21. Specifically, the third ventilation hole can be arranged at the position corresponding to the gap between the first ventilation hole and the second ventilation hole in the planar array, so that after the gas enters the inner cavity through the first ventilation hole, it needs to undergo transverse flow and change its flow direction in the cavity before it can enter the outer cavity through the third ventilation hole, and then flow around to the second ventilation hole from the outer cavity and be discharged, thereby forming a stable flow channel inside the ventilation cavity 4. As a preferred configuration of this embodiment, the third ventilation hole array 51 can be staggered and densified in the area near the frame 3 or different hole positions can be set along the height direction of the partition plate 5. This makes the minimum flow gap of the flow channel decrease when the partition plate 5 is offset towards the wall plate 11 or the outer cover plate 2 and the thickness of the inner or outer cavity is reduced, resulting in a significant increase in the equivalent flow resistance. When offset to near the limit position, the projection misalignment relationship of the first, second and third ventilation holes further increases the degree of obstruction of the straight path, thereby making the ventilation cavity 4 present a stronger barrier state and improving the protection effect under the condition of sudden pressure change.

[0049] like Figures 6 to 8As shown, a lateral bearing member 7 is provided on the side of the ventilation cavity 4. In this embodiment, the lateral bearing member 7 is preferably constructed as a cuboid chamber structure. Its corresponding side wall to the box body 1 can be integrally bent and welded, or it can be enclosed by profiles / plates and fixedly connected to the side wall. The lateral bearing member 7 can pass through the side wall of the box body 1 and form an overlapping or flanged limiting interface on the inner and outer sides of the side wall, so that the lateral bearing member 7 is not prone to relative movement when subjected to the force of the elastic element 62 and the repeated offset load of the partition plate 5, thereby saving materials and improving the overall rigidity and dimensional stability of the mounting cavity 71. The lateral bearing member 7 and the frame 3 enclose the mounting cavity 71. The mounting cavity 71 extends outward along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity 4 to form an extension section and forms an inner end wall at the extension end. A connecting port 72 is provided on the frame 3 to connect the ventilation cavity 4 and the mounting cavity 71, so that the connecting part 52 of the side edge of the partition plate 5 can extend into the mounting cavity 71 through the connecting port 72. In this embodiment, the connecting part 52 and the corresponding moving component 6 are preferably located at the four corners of the partition plate 5 to ensure the flatness and stability of the partition plate 5 during overall movement. Specifically, the guiding component 61 includes a guide post fixedly disposed in the mounting cavity 71 along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity 4. The connecting part 52 is provided with a guide hole or a guide sleeve and is coaxially slidably fitted onto the guide post in a clearance fit manner, so that the connecting part 52 moves relative to the ventilation cavity 4 only along the thickness direction under the constraint of the guide post. To improve the reliability of the movement, the guide fit interface can be reasonably matched with the fit clearance and the guide length, and wear-resistant treatment or a friction-reducing layer can be applied to the contact surface to reduce the risk of wear and jamming during reciprocating movement.

[0050] The moving component 6 includes a guide component 61 and elastic elements 62. The elastic elements 62 are preferably configured in pairs, with one pair located at each of the four corners of the spacer plate 5. Specifically, the two elastic elements 62 in each pair are coaxially sleeved on the corresponding guide post and abut against opposite sides of the connecting part 52 (i.e., one elastic element 62 is fixed between the connecting part 52 and the inner end wall of one side of the mounting cavity 71, and the other elastic element 62 is fixed between the connecting part 52 and the inner end wall of the mounting cavity 71 on the other side). Through this opposing clamping arrangement, the two elastic elements 62 together form a bidirectional preload on the connecting part 52, thereby stably holding the spacer plate 5 in a preset center position. After the pressure difference drives the spacer plate 5 to deflect in any direction, the compressed elastic element 62 on one side and the stretched (or released) elastic element 62 on the other side work together to provide a restoring force pointing towards the preset center position. The elastic element 62 can also be a damping elastic element 62 with damping energy dissipation characteristics. Through material internal friction or structural internal friction, kinetic energy is dissipated during the movement of the spacer 5 under force and reset, so as to suppress the rebound vibration during the process of the spacer 5 returning to the preset center position and improve the reset stability. The accommodation length of the extension section along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity 4 is not less than the axial length of the elastic element 62 when it is in the ultimate compression state, so that the elastic element 62 can still be fully accommodated by the depth space provided by the extension section when it is biased to the ultimate working condition. This avoids the elastic element 62 from forming a rigid stop due to geometric interference with the inner end wall of the mounting cavity 71 at the end of compression, thereby ensuring the reachable stroke of the spacer 5 and the repeatability of the bias resistance increase action. The elastic characteristics of the elastic element 62 can be pre-configured based on the pressure pulsation amplitude of the deployment environment, the desired bias trigger threshold, and the maximum allowable bias stroke: when the elastic characteristics increase, the partition plate 5 tends to remain in the preset neutral position under smaller pressure difference fluctuations to ensure ventilation; when the elastic characteristics decrease, the partition plate 5 is more likely to be biased during pressure difference changes to increase the flow resistance of the bypass channel and enhance the ability to suppress the pump suction effect, thereby achieving a structural match that balances heat dissipation and protection in different application scenarios.

[0051] Furthermore, in this embodiment, both the side surface of the wall panel 11 facing the ventilation cavity 4 and the side surface of the outer cover plate 2 facing the ventilation cavity 4 are provided with a guide tooth array 41. This ensures that when the partition plate 5 is offset to its limit position under pressure difference, it can trigger the mechanical unblocking effect on the third ventilation hole array 51. Of course, as a parallel implementation, the guide tooth array 41 can also be provided only on the side of the wall panel 11 or only on the side of the outer cover plate 2, depending on the actual fouling pattern, thereby simplifying the mold structure while meeting specific environmental protection strategies. The guide tooth array 41 includes multiple solid guide teeth, and their distribution positions form a one-to-one coaxial mapping relationship with the hole positions of the third ventilation hole array 51 on the partition plate 5. This ensures that each guide tooth is precisely aligned in space with the corresponding hole area of ​​the third ventilation hole array 51, avoiding off-center scraping or jamming caused by pushing the hole edge due to positional deviation during insertion. In this embodiment, the guide tooth is preferably constructed as a cylindrical tooth with a diameter slightly smaller than the corresponding aperture, so as to form a stable guiding fit while ensuring insertability. As an equivalent variation, the guide tooth can also be constructed as a tapered structure that gradually converges from the root to the top along its axial direction. The inclined surface effect at the end allows the guide tooth to have greater assembly tolerance in the initial stage of insertion, and gradually achieves the extrusion, peeling, and pushing out of the deposits on the aperture wall during continued insertion. In terms of manufacturing process, the guide tooth can be manufactured by injection molding / die casting integrally with the wall plate 11 or the outer cover plate 2, or it can be fixed to the inner surface of the wall plate 11 or the outer cover plate 2 as an independent plug-in by means of embedding, screwing, snap-fitting, or adhesive bonding, so as to ensure that the guide tooth maintains axial stability and avoids loosening during repeated high-frequency insertion / extraction.

[0052] Regarding the dimensional logic of the guide teeth, each guide tooth has a preset length extending from its mounting surface along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity 4. In this embodiment, this preset length is preferably designed to be equal to or slightly greater than the solid thickness of the partition plate 5, to ensure that the guide teeth can completely pass through the entire length of the channel of the third ventilation hole array 51 when the partition plate 5 is offset to the preset limit position, thereby forming an effective through-type unblocking of the attached material in the channel. To avoid misinterference, the relative accuracy between the guide teeth and the corresponding hole positions can be ensured by setting a positioning reference on the mounting surface of the wall plate 11 or the outer cover plate 2, or by using the same CNC machining reference for machining. During operation, as the partition plate 5 shifts towards the wall plate 11 or the outer cover plate 2, when the thickness of the inner or outer cavity is compressed to less than the preset length, the guide teeth immediately cut into and extend into the corresponding holes of the third ventilation hole array 51. The rigid relative insertion action pushes, shears, or peels the salt spray crystals or dirt at the orifice and in the channel, and guides the deposits to the other side of the channel, so that the third ventilation hole array 51 can obtain a repeatable self-cleaning effect every time the offset stroke is triggered. When the partition plate 5 returns to the preset center position, the guide teeth withdraw from the corresponding holes, do not occupy the flow section, and restore normal ventilation capacity.

[0053] To mitigate the impact load and improve structural durability when the partition plate 5 is offset to its extreme position, a buffer member 42 is provided on the side surface of the wall panel 11 facing the ventilation cavity 4 and on the side surface of the outer cover plate 2 facing the ventilation cavity 4. In this embodiment, the buffer member 42 is preferably constructed as a U-shaped elastic rubber pad and is fixed to the edge of the ventilation area inside the wall panel 11 or the outer cover plate 2, thereby surrounding the outer periphery of the guide tooth array 41. This annular arrangement allows the buffer member 42 to form a continuous force-bearing contact zone in the circumferential direction, avoiding the dense guide tooth array 41 in the middle and providing uniform edge support for the partition plate 5. As a parallel implementation, the buffer member 42 can also be a multi-point distributed elastic foam pad or a buffer block composed of an elastic material and a rigid base. In terms of dimensional fit, the thickness of the buffer 42 along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity 4 is strictly limited to be less than the preset length of the guide teeth, forming a stepped structure of "long teeth and short pads". This design ensures that when the partition plate 5 abuts against the buffer 42 and achieves flexible limiting stop, the guide teeth still have space to penetrate the thickness reference plane of the buffer 42, so as to ensure that they can deeply extend into the third ventilation hole array 51. The buffer 42 is made of aging-resistant elastic material (such as EPDM rubber or silicone). Its main function is to provide a flexible contact interface. When the partition plate 5 is biased to the extreme position, it absorbs the remaining kinetic energy of the partition plate 5 through elastic deformation, transforming the original metallic rigid collision into a soft contact. This not only eliminates mechanical impact noise, but more importantly, it protects the anti-corrosion coating on the surface of the wall panel 11 and the outer cover plate 2, as well as the flatness of the partition plate 5 itself, ensuring the structural integrity of the device under long-term high-frequency operation.

[0054] The operation process of the integrated distribution box in this embodiment is as follows: Under normal heat dissipation conditions with stable external air pressure, the partition plate 5 is stably suspended in the preset center position under the pre-tightening balance of two sets of opposing elastic members 62. At this time, both the inner cavity and the outer cavity maintain a large flow gap. The hot air inside the box 1 enters the inner cavity through the first ventilation hole array 111, and undergoes low flow resistance lateral flow in the spacious cavity and passes through the misaligned third ventilation hole array 51 to enter the outer cavity. Finally, it is discharged through the second ventilation hole array 21, achieving efficient natural convection heat dissipation. When a train passes by at high speed or a strong gust of wind causes a sudden and violent fluctuation in the external air pressure of the housing 1 (for example, a sudden high-pressure pulse is generated externally), the huge positive pressure difference acts directly on the surface of the partition plate 5 and breaks the elastic balance, and quickly pushes the partition plate 5 to overcome the elastic resistance and move towards the wall plate 11. As the thickness of the inner cavity is compressed sharply, the equivalent flow resistance of the airflow through the bypass channel increases exponentially, thereby significantly suppressing the instantaneous influx of external high-pressure airflow and the pollutants it carries within milliseconds, effectively blocking the pumping effect. If the external pressure difference reaches the design threshold under extreme conditions, the partition plate 5 will continue to be biased until its edge flexibly abuts against the surface of the buffer 42. At this time, the elastic element 62 in the mounting cavity 71 is compressed into the extension section, while the guide tooth array 41 on the wall plate 11 is inserted into the third ventilation hole array 51 to force out any caking or ice that may have accumulated in the hole. After the external pressure difference pulse disappears, the partition plate 5 is quickly and without vibration reset to the neutral position under the smooth drive of the damping elastic element 62. The guide teeth are withdrawn, and the ventilation channel returns to the initial low-resistance unobstructed state, thus completing the adaptive protection and self-maintenance cycle for a sudden pressure event. Example

[0055] like Figures 9 to 17 As shown, the structural principle of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1. The difference is that this embodiment adopts a double-layer partition plate 5 structure, and the movable component 6 is directly placed in the accommodating space formed by the edge of the double-layer plate, thereby eliminating the independent side mounting cavity 71 structure in Embodiment 1. While saving the side space of the box 1, the sandwich cavity 56 inside the double-layer plate realizes the auxiliary diversion of seepage dirt. In addition, this embodiment also adds a collection trough 8 at the bottom of the ventilation cavity 4 and a matching anti-backflow drainage structure, thus constructing a complete dirt collection and discharge system. The following is in conjunction with Figures 10 to 17 The specific structure will be explained in detail.

[0056] In this embodiment, the partition plate 5 is constructed as a double-layer box structure with high bending stiffness. Its main body includes a first plate 53 and a second plate 54 that are spaced apart and parallel to each other along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity 4, and a fastener 55 for connecting the two.

[0057] Regarding the specific connection and forming process of the plates, as a preferred embodiment, the fastener 55 is not an independent third-party connector, but rather a flange structure directly formed by the edges of the first plate 53 and the second plate 54 through a precision sheet metal bending process. Specifically, the edge of the first plate 53 is bent inward vertically to form a first fastening edge, and the edge of the second plate 54 is bent inward vertically to form a second fastening edge. The two are rigidly fixed by interlocking (such as rolled edge interlocking) or overlapping and then using spot welding, riveting, or piercing connection processes. This integrated forming structure not only eliminates the risk of disintegration caused by loose fasteners, but more importantly, it allows the first plate 53, the second plate 54, and the fastener 55 to jointly enclose a closed interlayer cavity 56, which mechanically constitutes a box beam structure with a closed-loop cross-section, significantly improving the overall flatness retention and vibration resistance of the partition plate 5 when facing high-frequency airflow impact.

[0058] To achieve "zero-space-occupancy" integration of the movable component 6 without increasing the external lateral mounting cavity 71 (as described in Embodiment 1), the fastener 55 does not directly seal the opposite edges of the partition plate 5 along its length. Instead, it extends outward (i.e., towards the inner wall of the frame 3) and recesses, forming a U-shaped, C-shaped, or rectangular receiving groove 57 through stamping or bending. This receiving groove 57 is located within the internal projected space of the ventilation cavity 4, and its opening faces the side. The groove depth direction is strictly consistent with the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity 4. Thus, the side edge of the partition plate 5 actually constitutes a "recessed" elastic element 62 mounting seat, "hiding" the originally protruding mounting structure within the thickness of the plate.

[0059] The elastic elements 62 in the moving component 6 are concealed within the receiving groove 57 along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity 4, specifically four sets arranged at the four corners of the partition plate 5. This embodiment preferably adopts a bidirectional, top-to-bottom arrangement strategy: two coaxial or parallel elastic elements 62 are provided in the receiving groove 57 on each side. Specifically, the bottom wall of the receiving groove 57 (i.e., the bottom web of the U-shaped groove) forms a vertical load-bearing reference surface (inner end wall). One end of one elastic element 62 abuts against and is fixed to the outer surface of the bottom wall, while the other end extends outward and connects to the inner side of the wall panel 11 facing the ventilation cavity 4 (or connects to the limiting seat fixed to the wall panel 11); one end of the other elastic element 62 also abuts against and is fixed to the opposite side of the bottom wall (if the bottom wall is a single-layer plate, it is the back side at the same position; if it is a double-layer bent structure, it is the corresponding other surface), while the other end extends outward and connects to the inner side of the outer cover plate 2 facing the ventilation cavity 4.

[0060] This "back-to-back" connection method within the groove, combined with the depth design of the receiving groove 57, constructs a precise stroke protection mechanism: the effective receiving length (i.e., groove depth) of the receiving groove 57 along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity 4 is designed to be no less than the axial length of the elastic element 62 when it is in its ultimate compression state (i.e., the coil height of the spring or the ultimate compression thickness of the rubber element). Simultaneously, in this embodiment, the thickness of the inner and outer cavities is designed to be approximately half the thickness of the interlayer cavity 56. This dimensional chain ensures that when the spacer 5 is offset to either side to the extreme position of the wall panel 11 or the outer cover 2, the elastic element 62 on the compressed side can be completely "retracted" into the depth space of the receiving groove 57, and its compressed solid portion will not protrude from the groove opening plane. This prevents the elastic element 62 from becoming a rigid dead point that hinders the contact between the spacer 5 and the wall panel 11 / outer cover 2, ensuring that the spacer 5 can complete the preset offset stroke.

[0061] In this embodiment, to achieve unified collection and treatment of rainwater, salt spray crystals, and solid deposits pushed out by the guide teeth that invade from the first, second, and third ventilation hole arrays 51, an independent collection groove 8 is provided at the bottom of the ventilation cavity 4, and a long strip-shaped storage opening 31 communicating with the internal space of the collection groove 8 is provided on the bottom crossbeam of the frame 3. Correspondingly, the bottom of the interlayer cavity 56 inside the partition plate 5 is not a closed flat bottom, but is provided with a guide opening 561 extending along the length direction (i.e., the horizontal direction) of the ventilation cavity 4; in order to prevent dirt from accumulating at the bottom of the interlayer cavity 56, the lower edges of the first plate 53 and the second plate 54 at the bottom of the interlayer cavity 56 are bent inward and extended, forming a convergent guide section 58 with a V-shaped or funnel-shaped cross-section in conjunction with the fastener 55. This convergent guide section 58 uses gravitational potential energy to eliminate the horizontal retention surface, forcing all droplets and particles entering the interlayer cavity 56 to accelerate and converge towards the guide opening 561 at the bottom. Meanwhile, in order to eliminate the dead flow corner at the bottom of the ventilation cavity 4, the lower part of the outer cover plate 2 in the ventilation cavity 4 is provided with an inwardly inclined first guide slope 22, and the lower part of the wall plate 11 in the ventilation cavity 4 is provided with an outwardly inclined second guide slope 112; the bottom ends of the first guide slope 22 and the second guide slope 112 both extend to the edge above the edge of the storage opening 31, thereby constructing an inverted V-shaped comprehensive flow guiding structure at the bottom of the ventilation cavity 4, ensuring that any dirt falling into the bottom of the ventilation cavity 4 can slide down the slope to the storage opening 31. In terms of positional coordination, the projection width of the receiving opening 31 in the direction of gravity is significantly greater than the width of the guide opening 561. Furthermore, the position of the receiving opening 31 is configured such that, regardless of whether the partition plate 5 is in a preset neutral position or is driven by pressure difference to the extreme position of the wall plate 11 or the outer cover plate 2, the projection of the guide opening 561 in the direction of gravity always falls within the range of the receiving opening 31. This ensures the continuity and effectiveness of the sewage discharge path during the entire movement of the partition plate 5, and completely avoids secondary pollution caused by sewage spilling outside the collection tank 8 due to the displacement of the partition plate 5.

[0062] The collection tank 8 integrates an anti-backflow guide assembly 9 at the receiving opening 31. The core of this assembly is to construct a normally closed one-way flow valve body. The anti-backflow guide assembly 9 includes a first guide member 91 and a second guide member 92, which are respectively connected to the opposite two edges of the receiving opening 31 extending along the length direction. Both the first guide member 91 and the second guide member 92 are made of rigid base material (such as stainless steel plate or engineering plastic). They extend downward from the receiving opening 31 and gradually move towards the center, interlocking to form a narrow channel with a gradually decreasing flow cross-section. The ends (i.e., the lowest ends) of the two components, in their natural or closed state, are tightly fitted in the upper space of the collection tank 8 through an elastic sealing strip or a precision-machined mating surface, forming a linear contact slit valve port 93, thus macroscopically constituting a duckbill check valve structure. The physical characteristics of this structure are as follows: when a downward gravity flow (dirt) passes through, the weight of the dirt can open the slit valve 93 and drip down; when a negative pressure (pumping effect) is formed in the ventilation cavity 4 due to external wind pressure, the airflow pressure below acts on the outer inclined surface of the guide, forcing the first guide 91 and the second guide 92 to press against each other further, thereby completely blocking the path of airflow back into the box 1 from the bottom of the collection tank 8 through the self-locking effect. The lower space of the collection tank 8 (i.e., below the slit valve 93) is provided with a pull-out groove 81, which is constructed as a drawer-type structure and can be pulled out from one side of the frame 3 to facilitate maintenance personnel to regularly clean and empty the accumulated solid-liquid mixture of dirt.

[0063] To address the issue that traditional duckbill valves cannot discharge large solid particles (such as ice shards or hardened mud), the roots of the first guide member 91 and the second guide member 92 are rotatably connected to the corresponding edges of the receiving opening 31 via rotating shafts 95, giving the two guide members the same degree of freedom of opening and closing as jaws. An opening and closing drive assembly 94 is provided on the frame 3 or within the sidewall interlayer of the collection groove 8. In this embodiment, the opening and closing drive assembly 94 is preferably constructed as a linkage drive mechanism or a double cam drive mechanism. Taking the linkage mechanism as an example, it includes a linear drive motor (or electromagnet) fixed within the frame 3, a transmission shaft, and connecting rod arms hinged to the sides of the first guide member 91 and the second guide member 92, respectively. The output end of the linear drive motor is connected to the transmission shaft, and through a push-pull action, it drives the connecting rod arms, thereby driving the first guide member 91 and the second guide member 92 to rotate synchronously in opposite directions around their respective rotating shafts 95. The specific action logic is as follows: the drive component drives the two guide members to rotate and separate in opposite directions, forcibly expanding the original slit valve port 93 into a spacious rectangular slag discharge channel, or drives the two guide members to rotate and reset in opposite directions until the end is pressed and closed.

[0064] This embodiment introduces an innovative control strategy of "adaptive dual verification and oscillation-based sewage discharge" in its control logic to ensure safe sewage discharge without compromising the airtightness of the protective structure. The specific control logic is as follows: an extreme position trigger drive switch 941 (such as a microswitch or Hall sensor) is provided at the end of the stroke of the inner wall of the outer cover plate 2 or the partition plate 5, while a pressure sensor is provided inside the ventilation cavity 4 or the housing 1. The system must simultaneously satisfy the following two AND logic conditions to perform the sewage discharge action: Condition 1: The trigger switch detects that the partition plate 5 has reached the extreme offset position and maintained it for a preset "cleaning hold time" (e.g., 3 seconds, indicating that the guide teeth have been inserted and effectively removed the contaminants); Condition 2: The pressure sensor detects that the pressure difference fluctuation value inside and outside the housing 1 has fallen back to within the safe threshold range (indicating that an external storm or train has passed, and there is no risk of strong negative pressure). When both of the above conditions are met simultaneously, the controller instructs the opening and closing drive component 94 to execute an "open-oscillation-close" sewage discharge procedure: First, the slit valve 93 is fully opened, allowing accumulated large particles of dirt to fall into the pull-out groove 81; then, at the end of the preset time (e.g., 5 seconds) of maintaining the open state, the drive component controls the two guide components to perform 2-3 high-frequency, small-amplitude "opening and closing oscillations" (i.e., rapid micro-closing followed by opening), using mechanical vibration to shake off the sticky wet mud adhering to the inner wall of the guide components or the edge of the valve; finally, the two guide components are fully closed and reset. This control logic not only ensures that the sewage discharge channel is only opened during the "safe window" when the airflow is stable, avoiding the risk of negative pressure backflow, but also solves the industry pain point of valve failure due to foreign matter in the valve through the newly added oscillation cleaning process, significantly improving the self-cleaning reliability and protection level of the system.

[0065] Based on the double-layer partition plate 5 structure and active sewage discharge system of this embodiment, the operation process of the integrated power distribution box in actual application scenarios is a closed loop of "pneumatic protection - self-cleaning and unblocking - intelligent slag discharge". Under normal weather conditions, the partition plate 5 is precisely suspended at the geometric center of the ventilation cavity 4 under the bidirectional pre-tightening force of the elastic members 62 arranged opposite each other in the receiving groove 57. The air forms an efficient S-shaped laminar flow heat dissipation channel through the staggered arrangement of the first, third and second ventilation hole arrays 21. At this time, the trace amount of rain or condensate that enters with the airflow slides down the inner wall of the first plate 53 or the second plate 54 after colliding with the partition plate 5 to the convergent guide section 58 at the bottom of the interlayer cavity 56 after gathering. After gathering, it drips down through the guide opening 561 and relies on the weight of the liquid to open the slit valve 93 of the anti-backflow guide assembly 9 and drips smoothly into the collection tank 8 below, completing gas-liquid separation and passive drainage.

[0066] When a severe pressure fluctuation occurs in the external environment (such as the piston wind caused by a high-speed train passing by), the huge instantaneous pressure difference drives the partition plate 5 to move smoothly towards the low-pressure side along the guide assembly 61. If the pressure difference reaches the threshold for triggering self-cleaning, the partition plate 5 will move to its limit position and flexibly abut against the buffer 42. At this time, the guide tooth array 41 on the wall panel 11 or the outer cover 2 is forcibly inserted into the corresponding third ventilation hole array 51, directly pushing the hardened dirt or ice slag accumulated in the channel into the sandwich cavity 56 surrounded by the double-layer plate. Under the action of gravity, these solid contaminants settle to the convergent guide section 58 at the bottom of the sandwich cavity 56 and fall into the receiving opening 31 area through the guide opening 561. However, due to their large size, they cannot pass through the naturally closed slit valve 93 and temporarily accumulate in the narrow channel formed by the first guide member 91 and the second guide member 92, thus achieving temporary storage and isolation of the contaminants.

[0067] Subsequently, the system enters the intelligent slag removal stage. When the detection system simultaneously meets the two judgment conditions of "the partition plate 5 has triggered the limit position switch and maintained the preset cleaning time" and "the readings of the air pressure sensors inside and outside the box 1 return to the steady state range", the controller determines that the unblocking action has been completed and there is no risk of negative pressure backflow. It then commands the opening and closing drive component 94 to operate. The drive component drives the first guide component 91 and the second guide component 92 to rotate around the rotation axis 95 in the opposite direction, fully opening the slit valve port 93 to the maximum flow section, so that the solid dirt accumulated in the channel falls instantly into the collection tank 8 below. In order to prevent sticky wet mud from being retained, at the end of the open state, the drive component controls the two guide components to perform several high-frequency small-amplitude opening and closing oscillation actions to thoroughly remove the residue by mechanical vibration. Finally, the drive component drives the two guide components to reverse reset and press tightly closed, restoring the anti-backflow function of the duckbill check valve. The maintenance personnel only need to periodically pull out the collection tank 8 to empty it, thus realizing unmanned intelligent protection and maintenance under all working conditions.

[0068] The above are preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A comprehensive power distribution box, characterized in that, include: The enclosure includes wall panels, the wall panels having a ventilation area, the ventilation area having a first array of ventilation holes; An outer cover is provided on the outside of the ventilation area of ​​the wall panel and spaced apart from the wall panel; the outer cover is provided with a second ventilation hole array. A frame is provided around the perimeter of the outer cover plate and seals the outer cover plate and the wall panel, so that a ventilation cavity is formed between the outer cover plate and the wall panel; A partition plate is movably erected in the ventilation cavity and divides the ventilation cavity into an inner cavity near the wall panel and an outer cavity near the outer cover plate. The partition plate is provided with a third ventilation hole array, and the projection of the third ventilation hole array in the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity does not overlap with the projections of the first ventilation hole array and the second ventilation hole array, so that the gas forms a flow channel through the inner cavity and the outer cavity. The moving component includes a guide component and an elastic element; the guide component guides and cooperates with the partition plate to carry and guide the partition plate to move relative to it only along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity; when the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the box changes abruptly, the partition plate can selectively deflect towards the wall plate or towards the outer cover plate with a preset center position as a reference, thereby reducing the thickness of the inner cavity or the outer cavity to increase the flow resistance of the flow channel; the elastic element is used to provide a reset force to the partition plate pointing towards the preset center position, so that the partition plate returns to the preset center position under the action of the elastic element after the pressure difference weakens or disappears.

2. The integrated distribution box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation cavity is provided with a lateral bearing member on its side. The bearing member and the frame surround to form a mounting cavity. The mounting cavity has an outward extension section that extends outward along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity, and an inner end wall is formed at the extension end. The frame is provided with a communication port connecting the ventilation cavity and the mounting cavity; The partition plate has a connecting part on its side edge, and the connecting part extends into the mounting cavity through the communication port; The elastic element is disposed in the mounting cavity and arranged along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity, with one end connected to the connecting part and the other end connected to the inner end wall, so as to generate elastic deformation in the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity; Wherein, the length of the extended section along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity is not less than the axial length of the elastic element when it is in the ultimate compression state.

3. The integrated distribution box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The partition plate includes a first plate and a second plate that are spaced apart and parallel to each other along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity, and a fastener for connecting the first plate and the second plate. The edges of the first plate and the second plate are respectively fastened and fixedly connected to each other by the inwardly fastening fasteners, so that the first plate and the second plate form a sandwich cavity; the fasteners extend outward at the opposite two side edges of the partition plate to form receiving grooves, the receiving grooves are located in the ventilation cavity, and the depth direction of the receiving grooves is consistent with the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity; The elastic element is arranged along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity, with one end connected to the inner end wall of the receiving groove and the other end connected to the inner wall of the ventilation cavity. Wherein, the accommodating length of the receiving groove along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity is not less than the axial length of the elastic element when it is in the ultimate compression state.

4. The integrated distribution box according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom of the ventilation cavity is provided with a collection trough; The frame is provided with a storage opening that communicates with the collection slot.

5. The integrated distribution box according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom of the interlayer cavity is provided with a guide opening, which extends along the length of the ventilation cavity, and the bottom of the interlayer cavity forms a converging guide section that converges toward the guide opening near the guide opening. The storage opening is located below and corresponding to the guide opening in the direction of gravity, and covers the reachable range of the guide opening as the spacer moves along the thickness direction.

6. The integrated distribution box according to claim 5, characterized in that, The collection tank is provided with an anti-backflow guide assembly at the storage opening. The anti-backflow guide assembly includes a first guide member and a second guide member that are respectively connected to opposite sides of the storage opening extending along the length direction and extending into the collection tank. The first guide member and the second guide member are interlocked to form a narrow channel with a gradually decreasing flow cross section, and the ends of the first guide member and the second guide member are tightly fitted in the upper space of the collection tank to form a slit valve port, thereby constituting a duckbill check valve structure.

7. The integrated distribution box according to claim 6, characterized in that, The root portions of the first guide member and the second guide member are respectively rotatably connected to the corresponding edges of the receiving opening extending along the length direction via a rotating shaft; An opening and closing drive assembly is provided on the frame or in the collection groove, and the opening and closing drive assembly is connected to the first flow guide and the second flow guide in a transmission manner. The opening and closing drive assembly is used to drive the first guide member and the second guide member to rotate and separate around the rotation axis in opposite directions to open the slit valve port, or to drive the first guide member and the second guide member to rotate in opposite directions so that the first guide member and the second guide member engage with each other, thereby closing the slit valve port and restoring the duckbill check valve structure.

8. The integrated distribution box according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The wall panel facing the ventilation cavity and / or the outer cover panel facing the ventilation cavity are provided with a guide tooth array, the guide tooth array including multiple guide teeth, and the distribution position of the guide teeth corresponds to the hole position of the third ventilation hole array; The guide tooth has a preset length extending from its mounting surface along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity; When the partition plate is offset towards the wall panel or the outer cover plate, and the thickness of the inner cavity or the outer cavity is compressed to less than the preset length, the guide teeth extend into the corresponding holes of the third ventilation hole array.

9. The integrated distribution box according to claim 8, characterized in that, The wall panel facing the ventilation cavity and the outer cover panel facing the ventilation cavity are provided with cushioning elements; The thickness of the buffer member along the thickness direction of the ventilation cavity is less than the preset length of the guide tooth, so that when the partition plate moves biased toward the wall plate or the outer cover plate and abuts the buffer member, the guide tooth can extend into the corresponding hole of the third ventilation hole array. The buffer is made of an elastic material and is used to absorb the impact kinetic energy of the spacer.

10. The integrated distribution box according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The elastic element is a damping elastic element with damping energy dissipation characteristics; The damping energy dissipation characteristic is configured to dissipate kinetic energy during the movement of the spacer plate as it is forced to reset, so as to suppress the rebound vibration of the spacer plate during its return to the preset neutral position.

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