A composite fixing structure for fixing PCB

Abstract

This application discloses a composite fixing structure for fixing a PCB, comprising: a carrier plate with multiple adsorption holes; a first abutment edge and a second abutment edge fixedly disposed on the periphery of the carrier plate; multiple pressure blocks disposed on the first abutment edge; a venting plate fixedly disposed below the carrier plate, the venting plate including a normally venting area and a first venting area; a first through hole in the first venting area selectively connected to or disconnected from a vacuum pump, and the first through hole in the first venting area opens or closes progressively from the side closer to the normally venting area to the side farther away from the normally venting area; and a pressure plate movably disposed above the carrier plate; the projection of the pressure plate on the carrier plate in a first direction is longer than the length of the carrier plate in the first direction, and the projection at least covers a portion of the first venting area. This composite fixing structure organically integrates vacuum adsorption and mechanical pressing, and can adaptively adjust the adsorption area and pressing position according to the PCB size, ensuring fixing reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to the field of PCBA fixing technology, and in particular to a composite fixing structure for fixing PCBs. Background Technology

[0002] In the automated production process of PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards), processes such as placement, dispensing, and inspection all require the PCB to be securely fixed to a carrier board to prevent displacement or warping during processing, thereby ensuring processing accuracy. Currently, the two most common PCB fixing methods are vacuum adsorption and mechanical clamping.

[0003] Vacuum adsorption uses negative pressure to hold and fix the PCB in place by setting adsorption holes on a carrier plate. This method has the advantages of not damaging the board surface and being suitable for thin-plate workpieces, but its fixing force is limited and it requires a high degree of surface flatness of the PCB. When the PCB itself is warped or its edges exceed the effective coverage of the adsorption holes, the adsorption force will decrease significantly, leading to edge lifting or unstable fixation. Relying solely on vacuum adsorption, the PCB is prone to displacement when subjected to external impacts (such as the contact force of the dispensing head or the pressure of the detection probe), affecting processing accuracy.

[0004] Mechanical clamping applies pressure from above using clamping blocks or plates to press the PCB firmly onto a carrier plate. This method offers strong fixing force and high reliability, but traditional mechanical clamping devices are often loosely structured, bulky, and have fixed or limited adjustable clamping plate positions, making them difficult to adapt to PCBs of different sizes. Furthermore, if the clamping plate and the adsorption holes are not properly aligned, the clamping plate may block the adsorption holes, actually reducing the adsorption effect.

[0005] In existing technologies, some devices attempt to combine vacuum adsorption with mechanical compression, but these are often simply stacked as independent functional modules, lacking organic structural integration and functional synergy. For example, the adsorption area is usually fully open or fully closed, unable to selectively open according to the actual size of the PCB, leading to air leakage in the adsorption area not covered by the PCB, resulting in energy waste and reduced adsorption force. Furthermore, there is a lack of corresponding spatial relationship between the pressing area and the adsorption area of ​​the pressure plate. The pressure plate may press on the area with good adsorption effect, causing functional overlap and resource waste, or it may fail to effectively reinforce the edge areas with the weakest adsorption force. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, one purpose of this specification is to provide a composite fixing structure for fixing PCBs, which organically integrates vacuum adsorption and mechanical pressing, and can adaptively adjust the adsorption area and pressing position according to the PCB size to ensure the reliability of fixing.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this specification provides a composite fixing structure for fixing a PCB, comprising: A support plate for placing workpieces, the support plate having multiple adsorption holes; A first abutting edge and a second abutting edge are fixedly disposed on the periphery of the bearing plate, and are respectively used to abut against two sides of the workpiece; the first abutting edge extends along a first direction, and the second abutting edge extends along a second direction, the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction; a plurality of pressure blocks are provided on the first abutting edge for pressing the side of the workpiece that is in contact with the first abutting edge; A vent plate is fixedly installed below the support plate. The vent plate includes a normally ventilated area and a first ventilated area. The first through hole in the first ventilated area can be selectively connected to or disconnected from the vacuum pump. The first through hole in the first ventilated area opens or closes step by step from the side closer to the normally ventilated area to the side farther away from the normally ventilated area. A pressure plate is movably disposed above the support plate. The pressure plate extends along a first direction and can move to a predetermined position along a second direction, and descends upward in a third direction to press the workpiece. The third direction is perpendicular to the first and second directions. The projection of the pressure plate onto the support plate in the first direction is longer than the length of the support plate in the first direction, and the projection at least covers a portion of the first ventilation area.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the two sides of the normally ventilated area are adjacent to the first abutting edge and the second abutting edge, respectively; the two sides of the first ventilated area are adjacent to the first abutting edge and the normally ventilated area, respectively; the normally ventilated area is provided with a fixed through hole for connecting to the vacuum pump; the first ventilated area includes multiple first air passages spaced apart in a first direction, the first air passages extending along a second direction; each first air passage is provided with a first through hole penetrating the vent plate, and the multiple first through holes are spaced apart in the first direction; A first sealing part is provided below the vent plate for sealing any of the first through holes; when a first through hole is sealed, all first air passages between the first through hole and the normally ventilated area remain connected to the vacuuming component, and all first air passages on the side of the first through hole away from the normally ventilated area are disconnected from the vacuuming component.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the first sealing part includes a first sealing member, a first power member, and a first channel extending along a first direction. The first sealing member is slidably disposed within the first channel. The size of the first sealing member is equal to the inner diameter of the first channel, and the size of the upper surface of the first sealing member is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the first through hole. The first power member is connected to the first sealing member and is used to drive the first sealing member to move along the first direction within the first channel. The end of the first channel near the normally ventilated area is used to connect to a vacuuming member.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the ventilator further includes a second ventilator zone, the two sides of which are adjacent to the second abutment edge and the normally ventilated zone, respectively; the second ventilator zone includes a plurality of second ventilator channels spaced apart in a second direction, the second ventilator channels extending along a first direction; each second ventilator channel is provided with a second through hole penetrating the ventilator, and the plurality of second through holes are spaced apart in the second direction; The composite fixing structure further includes a second sealing part disposed below the vent plate. The second sealing part includes a second sealing member, a second power member, and a second channel extending along a second direction. The second sealing member is slidably disposed in the second channel. The size of the second sealing member is equal to the inner diameter of the second channel. The upper surface size of the second sealing member is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the second through hole. The second power member is connected to the second sealing member and is used to drive the second sealing member to move along the second direction in the second channel. The vacuuming member is also connected to the end of the second channel near the normally ventilated area.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the two ends of the adjacent sides of the first ventilation zone and the second ventilation zone are the apex of the normally ventilated ventilation zone and the apex of the ventilation plate, respectively; the adjacent sides intersect with both the first direction and the second direction; the lengths of the plurality of first ventilation channels gradually increase in the first direction; the lengths of the plurality of second ventilation channels gradually increase in the second direction.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the vent plate is provided with a plurality of mounting holes for fasteners to pass through to fix the composite fixing structure in a predetermined position; below the vent plate are provided a first connector connected to the fixing through hole, a second connector connected to the end of the first channel near the normally ventilated area, and a third connector connected to the end of the second channel near the normally ventilated area.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, a sensor is fixedly installed below the ventilation plate to determine whether a workpiece is placed above the support plate corresponding to the normally ventilated area.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the vent plate is fixedly provided with two first slide rails on both sides in a first direction, and the first slide rails extend along a second direction; a mounting base is slidably connected to the first slide rail, and a second slide rail extending along a third direction is fixedly provided on the mounting base; a connecting base is slidably connected to the second slide rail; the top end of the connecting base protrudes from the bearing plate; and the pressure plate is fixedly connected to the top end of the connecting base.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the two mounting bases move synchronously along the second direction; the two connecting bases move synchronously along the third direction.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the two mounting bases are connected to the drive member via a synchronous belt. The drive member is used to drive the two mounting bases to move simultaneously along the first slide rail. The drive member is fixedly connected to the lower part of the vent plate. The drive member is located in the middle of the lower part of the vent plate in a first direction and in the side away from the normally ventilated area in a second direction.

[0017] Beneficial effects

[0018] The composite fixing structure for fixing PCBs provided in this embodiment includes a carrier plate, a first abutment edge, a second abutment edge, a vent plate, and a pressure plate. It organically integrates vacuum adsorption and mechanical pressing, and can adaptively adjust the adsorption area and pressing position according to the PCB size, ensuring reliable fixing. Compared with the prior art, this composite fixing structure has the following advantages: 1. Complementary advantages of two fixing methods, achieving a synergistic effect of "1+1>2": This solution organically combines vacuum adsorption and mechanical clamping. Through reasonable structural design and spatial layout, it achieves the complementary advantages of the two fixing methods. Vacuum adsorption provides a uniformly distributed large-area fixing force, ensuring the main body of the PCB is stably attached to the supporting surface; mechanical clamping applies concentrated clamping force to the edge area of ​​the PCB from above through the pressure block on the first abutment edge and the movable pressure plate. The two methods have a clear division of labor in space—vacuum adsorption covers the main body of the PCB, while mechanical clamping specifically reinforces the edge areas where the adsorption force is weakest. This synergistic mechanism of "complementary strengths and weaknesses, spatial division of labor" significantly improves the overall fixing stability and resistance to external interference of the PCB compared to existing technologies that simply use vacuum adsorption or simply superimpose the two methods, effectively solving the technical problems of PCB edge warping and unstable fixing.

[0019] 2. Zoned and controllable vacuum adsorption, energy-saving and highly adaptable: The ventilation plate is divided into a normally ventilated area and a first ventilation area. The first through-hole in the first ventilation area can be selectively connected to or disconnected from the vacuum pump, and it opens or closes progressively from the side closer to the normally ventilated area to the side farther away. This design allows the adsorption area to be precisely matched to the actual size of the PCB—for smaller PCBs, only the first through-holes near the normally ventilated area are opened; for larger PCBs, more first through-holes are opened progressively. Compared to existing technologies that allow the adsorption area to be fully open or closed, this solution avoids air leakage in adsorption areas not covered by the PCB, improves vacuum utilization, and reduces energy consumption. Furthermore, it can adapt to PCBs of different sizes without replacing the carrier plate or adjusting the tooling, significantly improving the equipment's versatility and changeover efficiency.

[0020] 3. Spatial coordination between the pressure plate and the adsorption area, precisely reinforcing weak points: The pressure plate extends along a first direction and can move to a predetermined position along a second direction, then descends in a third direction to press the workpiece firmly. Its projection on the support plate at least covers a portion of the first ventilation zone. This structural design ensures that the pressing position of the pressure plate corresponds spatially to the variable area of ​​vacuum adsorption (i.e., the edge area of ​​the PCB). As the first through-hole in the first ventilation zone opens progressively according to the PCB size, the pressure plate moves synchronously to the corresponding position, mechanically pressing the edge of the PCB. This spatial coordination design allows the pressure plate to specifically reinforce the edge area where the vacuum adsorption effect is weakest, avoiding functional overlap or mutual interference between the pressure plate and the adsorption holes, achieving precise fixation by "using the best steel where it's needed most."

[0021] 4. Extra-long clamping plate design ensures full edge coverage: The projection of the clamping plate onto the carrier plate in the first direction is longer than the length of the carrier plate in the first direction. This ingenious design ensures that regardless of how the clamping plate moves in the second direction, its ends always extend beyond the boundary of the carrier plate, thus reliably clamping the PCB edges throughout the first direction. Even if the PCB length is shorter than the carrier plate length, the portion of the clamping plate extending beyond the carrier plate still covers both edges of the PCB, avoiding the problem of insufficient clamping of edge areas due to insufficient clamping plate length. This design further enhances the clamping plate's coverage of edge areas, reflecting a deep consideration of the "edge reinforcement" technical objective.

[0022] 5. Double-sided positioning and clamping block fixation form a complete positioning system: The first and second abutment edges are used to abut against two adjacent edges of the PCB, achieving rapid and accurate positioning of the PCB on the carrier board. Multiple clamping blocks are provided on the first abutment edge to press the PCB against the side of the first abutment edge. This design ensures that the PCB is initially fixed during positioning, preventing PCB displacement during subsequent clamping operations. The double-sided positioning, clamping block fixation, and movable clamping plate together constitute a complete positioning and clamping system, limiting and clamping the PCB from two vertical directions, further improving the stability and reliability of the fixation.

[0023] 6. Compact structure, easy integration and maintenance: This solution organically integrates the vacuum adsorption system (venting plate, sealing section), positioning system (edge-blocking, pressure block), and mechanical clamping system (pressure plate, slide rail, drive component) on the upper and lower sides of the support plate. The functional modules are rationally laid out and do not interfere with each other. The venting plate is fixed below the support plate, and moving parts such as slide rails are located below or on both sides of the venting plate. The pressure plate clamps from above, resulting in a compact overall structure and high space utilization. Furthermore, each module is relatively independent, facilitating individual disassembly and maintenance, reducing equipment maintenance costs and downtime.

[0024] Specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in detail with reference to the following description and accompanying drawings, indicating how the principles of the invention can be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited in scope as a result.

[0025] Features described and / or illustrated for one embodiment may be used in the same or similar manner in one or more other embodiments, combined with features in other embodiments, or substituted for features in other embodiments.

[0026] It should be emphasized that the term "including / comprises" as used herein refers to the presence of a feature, whole, step, or component, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, or components. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a composite fixing structure for fixing a PCB provided in this embodiment; Figure 2 for Figure 1Schematic diagram of the structure after removing the supporting plate; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram from another perspective; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure after removing the walls of the first channel and the second channel; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a first sealing part provided in this embodiment; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a pressure plate and its connection structure provided in this embodiment; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram of the area near the mounting base.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Support plate; 11. Adsorption holes; 2. First abutment edge; 21. Pressure block; 22. Rotational power component; 3. Second abutment edge; 4. Ventilation plate; 41. Normal ventilation zone; 411. Fixing through hole; 42. First ventilation zone; 421. First ventilation channel; 422. First through hole; 43. Second ventilation zone; 431. Second ventilation channel; 432. Second through hole; 44. Mounting hole; 5. First sealing section; 51. First sealing component; 52. First power component; 53. First channel; 6. Second sealing section; 61. Second sealing component; 62. Second power component; 63. Second channel; 71. First connector; 72. Second connector; 73. Third connector; 8. Sensors; 9. Pressure plate; 91. First slide rail; 92. Mounting base; 93. Second slide rail; 94. Connecting base; 95. Synchronous belt; 96. Drive component; 97. Baffle; X, first direction; Y, second direction; Z, third direction. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0031] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or may be interposed with another element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or may be interposed with another element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementations.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0033] Please see Figures 1 to 7 This application provides a composite fixing structure for fixing a PCB, including a carrier plate 1, a first abutment edge 2, a second abutment edge 3, a vent plate 4, and a pressure plate 9. It organically integrates vacuum adsorption and mechanical pressing, and can adaptively adjust the adsorption area and pressing position according to the PCB size to ensure fixing reliability.

[0034] The support plate 1 is used to place the workpiece (i.e., the PCB board). Figure 1 As shown, the support plate 1 has multiple adsorption holes 11. A first abutment edge 2 and a second abutment edge 3 are fixedly disposed on the periphery of the support plate 1, respectively, for abutting against two sides of the workpiece. The first abutment edge 2 extends along a first direction X, and the second abutment edge 3 extends along a second direction Y, with the first direction X perpendicular to the second direction Y. The first abutment edge 2 has multiple pressure blocks 21 for pressing the side of the workpiece that is in contact with the first abutment edge 2.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, the vent plate 4 is fixedly installed below the support plate 1. The vent plate 4 includes a normally open venting area 41 and a first venting area 42. The normally open venting area 41 is always connected to a vacuum pump (which can be a vacuum pump, etc.). The first through hole 422 in the first venting area 42 can selectively connect to or disconnect from the vacuum pump, and the first through hole 422 in the first venting area 42 opens or closes step by step from the side closer to the normally open venting area 41 to the side farther away from the normally open venting area 41.

[0036] like Figure 1As shown, the pressure plate 9 is movably disposed above the support plate 1. The pressure plate 9 extends along the first direction X and can move to a predetermined position along the second direction Y, and descends in the third direction Z to press the workpiece. The third direction Z is perpendicular to the first direction X and the second direction Y. Specifically, the third direction Z can be a vertical direction, and the first direction X and the second direction Y are two perpendicular directions in the horizontal plane. The length of the projection of the pressure plate 9 onto the support plate 1 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the support plate 1 in the first direction X, and the projection at least covers a portion of the first ventilation zone 42.

[0037] The composite fixing structure for fixing PCBs provided in this embodiment has the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. Complementary advantages of two fixing methods to achieve a synergistic effect of "1+1>2": This solution organically combines vacuum adsorption and mechanical clamping. Through reasonable structural design and spatial layout, it achieves the complementary advantages of the two fixing methods. Vacuum adsorption provides a uniformly distributed large-area fixing force, ensuring the main body of the PCB is stably attached to the supporting surface; mechanical clamping applies concentrated clamping force to the edge area of ​​the PCB from above through the pressure block 21 on the first abutment edge 2 and the movable pressure plate 9. The two form a clear division of labor in space—vacuum adsorption covers the main body of the PCB, while mechanical clamping specifically reinforces the edge area where the adsorption force is weakest. This synergistic mechanism of "complementary strength and weak strength, spatial division of labor" significantly improves the overall fixing stability and resistance to external interference of the PCB compared to existing technologies that simply use vacuum adsorption or simply superimpose the two methods, effectively solving the technical problems of PCB edge warping and unstable fixing.

[0038] 2. Zoned and controllable vacuum adsorption, energy-saving and highly adaptable: The ventilation plate 4 is divided into a normally ventilated area 41 and a first ventilation area 42. The first through holes 422 in the first ventilation area 42 can be selectively connected to or disconnected from the vacuum pump, and are opened or closed step by step from the side closer to the normally ventilated area 41 to the side farther away from it. This design allows the adsorption area to be precisely matched according to the actual size of the PCB—for smaller PCBs, only some of the first through holes 422 near the normally ventilated area 41 are opened; for larger PCBs, more of the first through holes 422 are opened step by step. Compared with the existing technology of fully opening or closing the adsorption area, this solution avoids air leakage in the adsorption area not covered by the PCB, improves vacuum utilization, and reduces energy consumption; at the same time, it can adapt to PCBs of different sizes without replacing the carrier plate 1 or adjusting the tooling, significantly improving the equipment's versatility and changeover efficiency.

[0039] 3. Spatial coordination between the pressure plate 9 and the adsorption area precisely reinforces weak points: The pressure plate 9 extends along the first direction X, can move along the second direction Y to a predetermined position, and descends in the third direction Z to press the workpiece, and its projection on the support plate 1 at least covers a portion of the first ventilation area 42. This structural design ensures that the pressing position of the pressure plate 9 corresponds spatially to the variable area of ​​vacuum adsorption (i.e., the edge area of ​​the PCB). When the first through hole 422 of the first ventilation area 42 opens step by step according to the PCB size, the pressure plate 9 moves synchronously to the corresponding position to mechanically press the edge of the PCB. This spatial coordination design allows the pressure plate 9 to specifically reinforce the edge area where the vacuum adsorption effect is weakest, avoiding functional overlap or mutual interference between the pressure plate 9 and the adsorption hole 11, achieving precise fixation by "using the best steel on the blade".

[0040] 4. The extra-long design of the pressure plate 9 ensures full edge coverage: The projection of the pressure plate 9 onto the carrier plate 1 in the first direction X is longer than the length of the carrier plate 1 in the first direction X. This ingenious design ensures that regardless of how the pressure plate 9 moves in the second direction Y, its ends always extend beyond the boundary of the carrier plate 1, thus reliably pressing the PCB edges along the entire first direction X. Even if the PCB length is less than the carrier plate 1 length, the portion of the pressure plate 9 extending beyond the carrier plate 1 still covers both edges of the PCB, avoiding the problem of insufficient edge coverage due to insufficient length of the pressure plate 9. This design further enhances the pressure plate 9's coverage of edge areas, reflecting a deep consideration of the "edge reinforcement" technical objective.

[0041] 5. The double-sided abutment and pressure block 21 fixation form a complete positioning system: the first abutment edge 2 and the second abutment edge 3 are respectively used to abut against two adjacent edges of the PCB, achieving rapid and accurate positioning of the PCB on the carrier plate 1. Multiple pressure blocks 21 are provided on the first abutment edge 2 to press the PCB against the side of the first abutment edge 2. This design ensures that the PCB is initially fixed during positioning, preventing PCB displacement during subsequent pressure plate 9 operation. The double-sided abutment, pressure block 21 fixation, and movable pressure plate 9 together constitute a complete positioning and pressing system, limiting and pressing the PCB from two vertical directions, further improving the stability and reliability of the fixation.

[0042] 6. Compact structure, easy integration and maintenance: This solution organically integrates the vacuum adsorption system (ventilation plate 4, sealing part), positioning system (edge-blocking, pressure block 21), and mechanical clamping system (pressure plate 9, slide rail, drive component 96) on the upper and lower sides of the support plate 1. The functional modules are rationally laid out and do not interfere with each other. The ventilation plate 4 is fixed below the support plate 1, and the slide rail and other moving parts are located below or on both sides of the ventilation plate 4. The pressure plate 9 clamps from above, resulting in a compact overall structure and high space utilization. At the same time, each module is relatively independent, facilitating individual disassembly and maintenance, reducing equipment maintenance costs and downtime.

[0043] In this embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the two sides of the normally ventilated area 41 are adjacent to the first abutment edge 2 and the second abutment edge 3, respectively. The two sides of the first ventilated area 42 are adjacent to the first abutment edge 2 and the normally ventilated area 41, respectively. The normally ventilated area 41 is provided with a fixed through hole 411 for connecting to the vacuum pump. The first ventilated area 42 includes a plurality of first ventilated air passages 421 spaced apart in the first direction X, and the first ventilated air passages 421 extend along the second direction Y. Each first ventilated air passage 421 is provided with a first through hole 422 penetrating the vent plate 4, and the plurality of first through holes 422 are spaced apart in the first direction X.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, a first sealing part 5 is provided below the vent plate 4 to block any of the first through holes 422. When a certain first through hole 422 is blocked, all the first air passages 421 between the first through hole 422 and the normally open ventilated area 41 remain connected to the vacuuming component, and all the first air passages 421 on the side of the first through hole 422 away from the normally open ventilated area 41 are disconnected from the vacuuming component, thereby realizing the stepwise opening or closing of the first through hole 422 in the first ventilated area 42.

[0045] Specifically, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the first sealing part 5 includes a first sealing member 51, a first power member 52, and a first channel 53 extending along a first direction X. The first sealing member 51 is slidably disposed within the first channel 53. The size of the first sealing member 51 is equal to the inner diameter of the first channel 53, and the size of the upper surface of the first sealing member 51 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the first through hole 422. The first power member 52 is connected to the first sealing member 51 and is used to drive the first sealing member 51 to move along the first direction X within the first channel 53. One end of the first channel 53 near the normally ventilated area 41 is used to connect to a vacuuming member. The first ventilated area 42 achieves continuous adjustment of the adsorption area through the first sealing part 5. When the first sealing member 51 slides to a certain position, its upper surface, whose size is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the first through hole 422, will block the first through hole 422 at the corresponding position, thereby closing all first through holes 422 at that position and behind it (on the side away from the normally ventilated area 41). By controlling the sliding distance of the first sealing member 51, the effective ventilation area of ​​the first ventilation zone 42 can be precisely adjusted according to the actual size of the workpiece in the first direction X. The first through hole 422 in the area not covered by the workpiece is blocked by the first sealing member 51 and is no longer connected to the vacuuming member, thereby avoiding vacuum leakage and suction waste, and enabling the negative pressure of the vacuuming member to be concentrated on the area covered by the workpiece, thus improving adsorption efficiency and reliability.

[0046] The size of the first sealing element 51 is equal to the inner diameter of the first channel 53, ensuring a good sealing fit between the sealing element and the inner wall of the channel. Simultaneously, the upper surface size of the first sealing element 51 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the first through hole 422. When the sealing element moves below the first through hole 422, it can completely cover and seal the through hole, preventing gas from entering the channel through the through hole. This double-sealing design ensures that the through hole in the closed area is completely isolated, avoiding a decrease in vacuum due to poor sealing and guaranteeing the negative pressure stability of the effective adsorption area.

[0047] Compared to solutions that use multiple independent valves to control each adsorption area, this solution only requires a single first power component 52 to drive the first sealing component 51 to move along the first direction X, thereby achieving continuous on / off control of a whole row of first through holes 422 in the first direction X. The first airflow channel 421 extends along the second direction Y, allowing the first through holes 422 on each channel to simultaneously adsorb the entire area of ​​the workpiece in the second direction Y, eliminating the need for separate adjustment of the second direction Y. This design, which features "adjustable first direction X and full coverage of second direction Y," simplifies the structure and control system to the greatest extent possible while ensuring adsorption adaptability, thereby reducing manufacturing costs and control complexity.

[0048] Because the position of the first sealing element 51 can be continuously adjusted, this structure can accommodate various workpieces of different sizes in the first direction X. When changing workpiece types during production, the first sealing element 51 can be moved to the corresponding position simply by driving the first power element 52, which quickly completes the adjustment of the adsorption area without replacing the support plate 1 or manually switching the valve. This rapid adjustment capability significantly improves the versatility and production efficiency of the equipment, making it particularly suitable for flexible production lines with multiple varieties and small batches.

[0049] In this embodiment, the ventilator 4 further includes a second ventilator zone 43, which is adjacent to the second abutment edge 3 and the normally ventilated zone 41 on both sides, respectively. The second ventilator zone 43 includes a plurality of second ventilator channels 431 spaced apart in the second direction Y, which extend along the first direction X. Each second ventilator channel 431 has a second through hole 432 penetrating the ventilator 4, and the plurality of second through holes 432 are spaced apart in the second direction Y. The projection of the pressure plate 9 onto the support plate 1 covers at least a portion of the second ventilator zone 43.

[0050] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the composite fixing structure also includes a second sealing part 6 disposed below the vent plate 4. The second sealing part 6 includes a second sealing member 61, a second power member 62, and a second channel 63 extending along the second direction Y. The second sealing member 61 is slidably disposed within the second channel 63, and the size of the second sealing member 61 is equal to the inner diameter of the second channel 63. The upper surface size of the second sealing member 61 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the second through hole 432. The second power member 62 is connected to the second sealing member 61 and is used to drive the second sealing member 61 to move along the second direction Y within the second channel 63. The vacuuming member is also connected to one end of the second channel 63 near the normally open ventilated area 41.

[0051] By adding a second ventilation zone 43 and a second sealing part 6, this structure also achieves continuous adjustability of the adsorption area in the second direction Y. The second sealing part 61 can slide within the second channel 63 along the second direction Y, precisely adjusting the effective ventilation area of ​​the second ventilation zone 43 according to the actual size of the workpiece in the second direction Y. Working in conjunction with the first ventilation zone 42, this structure can independently adjust the adsorption area in both the first direction X and the second direction Y, thereby adapting to various dimensional changes of rectangular workpieces, further reducing vacuum leakage and suction waste, and improving the energy efficiency and adaptability of the adsorption system.

[0052] Specifically, the support plate 1 and the ventilation plate 4 have equal areas, and multiple adsorption holes 11 are distributed across the entire surface of the support plate 1, ensuring that all areas of the support plate 1 have adsorption capacity, covering all ventilation areas corresponding to the normally ventilated area 41, the first ventilation area 42, and the second ventilation area 43. This full-area coverage design ensures effective vacuum adsorption regardless of where the workpiece is placed on the support plate 1, avoiding fixation blind spots caused by the absence of adsorption holes 11 in certain areas of the support plate 1, and improving the adaptability of the composite fixation structure to workpieces in different placement positions.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, the two ends of the adjacent sides of the first ventilation zone 42 and the second ventilation zone 43 are the vertices of the normally ventilated ventilation zone 41 and the ventilation plate 4, respectively. The adjacent sides intersect with both the first direction X and the second direction Y (i.e., they are arranged diagonally), so that the first ventilation zone 42 and the second ventilation zone 43 form a smooth boundary at the adjacent corners of the normally ventilated ventilation zone 41. This diagonal boundary design avoids right-angle transitions or overlapping areas between the two adjustable areas, so that the adjustment of the first sealing member 51 and the second sealing member 61 in their respective directions does not interfere with each other. This is conducive to achieving independent and continuous adjustment of the adsorption areas in the two directions, and also optimizes the flow channel layout inside the ventilation plate 4.

[0054] Specifically, the lengths of multiple first air passages 421 gradually increase in the first direction X, and the lengths of multiple second air passages 431 gradually increase in the second direction Y. This gradual flow channel design allows the first air passages 421 and second air passages 431, which are farther away from the normally ventilated area 41, to have a longer extension distance, thereby covering a wider area. When the first sealing member 51 moves along the first direction X or the second sealing member 61 moves along the second direction Y, the flow channels of different lengths can be sealed sequentially, realizing the stepwise and continuous closure of the adsorption area from the side closer to the normally ventilated area 41 to the side farther away. This makes the boundary of the effective adsorption area more precise, avoids the adjustment step problem that may occur due to the uniform flow channel length, and realizes fine-grained adsorption area adjustment in both directions.

[0055] In this embodiment, a first air passage 421, located away from the normally ventilated area 41, can be connected to a first solenoid valve (not shown). One end of the first solenoid valve is connected to the first air passage 421, and the other end is connected to the vacuum pump. A second air passage 431, located away from the normally ventilated area 41, can be connected to a second solenoid valve (not shown). One end of the second solenoid valve is connected to the second air passage 431, and the other end is connected to the vacuum pump. This structure provides an additional method for controlling the adsorption area. When the workpiece is large and the remote air passage needs to be activated, the corresponding solenoid valve can be opened to supplement the air supply; when the workpiece is small and the remote air passage is closed by the first sealing element 51 or the second sealing element 61, the corresponding solenoid valve can be closed to achieve double isolation. This design, combining mechanical sealing with solenoid valve control, further enhances the flexibility and reliability of adsorption area regulation, and also provides a supplementary solution for the adsorption of workpieces with extreme sizes. At the same time, it avoids the situation where the remote air passage cannot be ventilated when the workpiece is too large or the first sealing member 51 or the second sealing member 61 has insufficient travel.

[0056] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the vent plate 4 has multiple mounting holes 44 for fasteners to pass through to secure the composite fixing structure in a predetermined position, such as the workbench or frame of the equipment. This standardized installation structure allows the composite fixing structure to be easily integrated into various automated equipment, ensuring secure installation and accurate positioning, while also facilitating disassembly and maintenance, thus improving the versatility and applicability of the structure.

[0057] Specifically, below the vent plate 4, there is a first connector 71 connected to the fixed through hole 411, a second connector 72 connected to the end of the first channel 53 near the normally open venting area 41, and a third connector 73 connected to the end of the second channel 63 near the normally open venting area 41. Thus, the vacuum pumping component is connected to the fixed through hole 411 via the first connector 71, to the first channel 53 via the second connector 72, and to the second channel 63 via the third connector 73. By setting the first connector 71, the second connector 72, and the third connector 73, the vacuum pumping component is independently connected to the fixed through hole 411, the first channel 53, and the second channel 63, respectively, making the air paths of the three venting areas independent. This independent air path design facilitates individual monitoring and adjustment of the negative pressure in each area. When a leak or malfunction occurs in one area, it does not affect the normal operation of other areas. At the same time, the independent connectors also facilitate the installation, maintenance, and replacement of pipelines, improving the assemblability and maintainability of the structure.

[0058] The embodiments of this application do not limit the number of vacuuming components. There can be one, that is, the first connector 71, the second connector 72 and the third connector 73 are all connected to the same vacuuming component; or there can be two or three, that is, the first connector 71, the second connector 72 and the third connector 73 are connected to different vacuuming components.

[0059] Furthermore, a sensor 8 is fixedly installed below the ventilation plate 4 to determine whether a workpiece is placed above the support plate 1 corresponding to the normally ventilated area 41. The sensor 8 can be electrically connected to the vacuum pump and the drive unit 96 described below to automate the adsorption and pressure plate 9 control. When the sensor 8 detects that the workpiece has been placed in place, the vacuum pump is automatically activated to adsorb the workpiece, and the drive unit 96 is activated to move the pressure plate 9. When the workpiece needs to be removed, the pressure plate 9 and the pressure block 21 are automatically moved, the vacuum pump is stopped, or the system remains in standby mode. This sensor control avoids prolonged ineffective operation of the vacuum pump, reduces energy consumption and noise, extends the service life of the equipment, and also prevents the safety risk of processing workpieces that are not firmly adsorbed due to misoperation.

[0060] In this embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the vent plate 4 has two first slide rails 91 fixed on both sides in the first direction X, and the first slide rails 91 extend in the second direction Y. A mounting base 92 is slidably connected to the first slide rail 91, and a second slide rail 93 extending in the third direction Z is fixedly mounted on the mounting base 92. A connecting base 94 is slidably connected to the second slide rail 93. The top of the connecting base 94 protrudes from the bearing plate 1. The pressure plate 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting base 94, forming a "gantry-type" double-sided support structure. Compared with the single-sided cantilever pressure plate 9 structure, in this scheme, the two ends of the pressure plate 9 are supported by two connecting bases 94 respectively, resulting in uniform force distribution and smooth operation. When the pressure plate 9 descends to press the workpiece, it will not deviate, ensuring that the pressure plate 9 maintains parallel contact with the workpiece surface, improving the uniformity and reliability of the pressing. Simultaneously, the two first slide rails 91 are respectively located on both sides of the vent plate 4, providing stable movement guidance for the pressure plate 9, ensuring the straightness and repeatability of the pressure plate 9 when moving in the second direction Y.

[0061] Specifically, the two mounting seats 92 move synchronously along the second direction Y, and the two connecting seats 94 move synchronously along the third direction Z, ensuring that the pressure plate 9 maintains a horizontal posture throughout the movement and clamping process. If the two mounting seats 92 or the two connecting seats 94 do not move synchronously, the pressure plate 9 will tilt—one end will contact the workpiece first, and the other end will contact it later. This will not only lead to uneven distribution of clamping force, but may also damage or displace the workpiece due to the tilt of the pressure plate 9. This solution avoids the above problems through synchronous movement design, ensuring that the pressure plate 9 always clamps the workpiece in the correct parallel posture throughout the entire working stroke, improving the stability of the fixation and the safety of the workpiece.

[0062] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, two mounting bases 92 are connected to the same driving component 96 via a synchronous belt 95. The driving component 96 drives the two mounting bases 92 to move simultaneously along the first slide rail 91, achieving mechanical synchronous movement of the two mounting bases 92. The driving component 96 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the vent plate 4. In the first direction X, the driving component 96 is located in the middle below the vent plate 4, and in the second direction Y, it is located on the side away from the normally ventilated area 41. Compared with the method of using two independent driving components 96 to drive separately, this synchronous belt 95 transmission scheme not only reduces costs and the complexity of the control system, but more importantly, it ensures the absolute synchronicity of the movement of the two mounting bases 92, avoiding the problem of asynchronous position of the two mounting bases 92 and skewed pressure plate 9 due to electrical control errors. The drive unit 96 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the vent plate 4, making full use of the space under the vent plate 4 without occupying additional equipment area; the drive unit 96 is located in the middle position under the vent plate 4 in the first direction X, so that the transmission path length of the synchronous belts 95 on both sides is equal and the force is symmetrical, further ensuring the synchronization accuracy; the drive unit 96 is located on the side away from the normally ventilated area 41 in the second direction Y, avoiding interference with the normally ventilated area 41 and its related pipelines, with a reasonable layout and easy maintenance.

[0063] Specifically, one end of the first slide rail 91 is located away from the normally ventilated area 41, and the length of the first slide rail 91 is less than the length of the support plate 1 in the second direction Y. By limiting one end of the first slide rail 91 to be away from the normally ventilated area 41, the arrangement area of ​​the first slide rail 91 avoids the location of the normally ventilated area 41, preventing spatial interference between the slide rail and the normally ventilated area 41 and its related pipelines (such as interfaces connected to the vacuum pump, sealing structures, etc.), which is beneficial for the compact layout of the equipment and the orderly arrangement of pipelines. At the same time, the length of the first slide rail 91 is less than the length of the support plate 1 in the second direction Y, which means that the slide rail does not extend to the entire range of the support plate 1 in the second direction Y—the slide rail only needs to provide the required travel distance of the pressure plate 9 in the second direction Y, without needing to cover the entire support plate 1. This design not only meets the need for the pressure plate 9 to adjust the pressing position of the edges of workpieces of different sizes, but also avoids material waste and space occupation caused by excessively long slide rails, making the overall structure more compact and the cost lower. In addition, the length of the slide rail is less than the length of the support plate 1, which means that the movement range of the pressure plate 9 is limited to the effective working area of ​​the support plate 1, avoiding the risk of instability or collision caused by the pressure plate 9 moving excessively beyond the edge of the support plate 1, and improving the safety of equipment operation.

[0064] In this embodiment, the pressure block 21 is connected to a rotating power component 22, which drives the pressure block 21 to rotate, so as to press down on the workpiece or separate from the workpiece. A baffle 97 may be provided on the periphery of the first slide rail 91 to protect the first slide rail 91 and the mounting base 92 and other structures.

[0065] It should be noted that in the description of this specification, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only for descriptive purposes and to distinguish similar objects; there is no order between them, nor should they be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of this specification, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0066] Any numerical values ​​cited herein include all values ​​ranging from a lower limit to an upper limit, increasing by one unit, with at least two units between any lower and any higher value. For example, if the quantity of a component or the value of a process variable (e.g., temperature, pressure, time, etc.) is described as being from 1 to 90, preferably from 20 to 80, more preferably from 30 to 70, the purpose is to illustrate that values ​​such as 15 to 85, 22 to 68, 43 to 51, 30 to 32 are also explicitly listed in this specification. For values ​​less than 1, a unit is appropriately considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, etc. These are merely examples intended for explicit expression, and it can be assumed that all possible combinations of values ​​listed between the minimum and maximum values ​​are explicitly described in this specification in a similar manner.

[0067] Unless otherwise stated, all ranges include the endpoints and all numbers between them. The terms "approximately" or "about" used with ranges apply to both endpoints of the range. Thus, "approximately 20 to 30" is intended to cover "approximately 20 to approximately 30," including at least the specified endpoints.

[0068] All articles and references disclosed herein, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference for various purposes. The term “substantially constitutes…” used to describe a combination should include the identified elements, components, parts, or steps, as well as other elements, components, parts, or steps that do not substantially affect the essential novelty of the combination. The use of the terms “comprising” or “including” to describe combinations of elements, components, parts, or steps herein also contemplates embodiments substantially constituted by such elements, components, parts, or steps. The use of the term “may” herein is intended to indicate that any described attribute included by “may” is optional.

[0069] Multiple elements, components, parts, or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, component, part, or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, part, or step can be divided into multiple separate elements, components, parts, or steps. The use of "a" or "an" to describe an element, component, part, or step does not imply the exclusion of other elements, components, parts, or steps.

[0070] It should be understood that the above description is for illustrative purposes and not for limitation. Many embodiments and applications beyond the provided examples will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of this teaching should not be determined by reference to the above description, but rather by reference to the appended claims and the full scope of their equivalents. For purposes of completeness, all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference. The omission of any aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein in the preceding claims is not intended as a waiver of that subject matter, nor should it be construed as an indication that the inventors have not considered that subject matter as part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.

Claims

1. A composite fixing structure for fixing a PCB, characterized in that, include: A support plate for placing workpieces, the support plate having multiple adsorption holes; A first abutting edge and a second abutting edge are fixedly disposed on the periphery of the bearing plate, and are respectively used to abut against two sides of the workpiece; the first abutting edge extends along a first direction, and the second abutting edge extends along a second direction, the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction; a plurality of pressure blocks are provided on the first abutting edge for pressing the side of the workpiece that is in contact with the first abutting edge; A vent plate is fixedly installed below the support plate. The vent plate includes a normally ventilated area and a first ventilated area. The first through hole in the first ventilated area can be selectively connected to or disconnected from the vacuum pump. The first through hole in the first ventilated area opens or closes step by step from the side closer to the normally ventilated area to the side farther away from the normally ventilated area. A pressure plate is movably disposed above the support plate, the pressure plate extends along a first direction and can move along a second direction to a predetermined position, and descends upward in a third direction to press the workpiece; The third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction; the projection of the pressure plate onto the support plate in the first direction is longer than the length of the support plate in the first direction, and the projection at least covers a portion of the first ventilation area.

2. The composite fixing structure for fixing a PCB according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two sides of the normally ventilated area are adjacent to the first abutting edge and the second abutting edge, respectively; the two sides of the first ventilated area are adjacent to the first abutting edge and the normally ventilated area, respectively; the normally ventilated area is provided with a fixed through hole for connecting to the vacuum pump; the first ventilated area includes multiple first air passages spaced apart in a first direction, the first air passages extending along a second direction; each first air passage is provided with a first through hole penetrating the vent plate, and the multiple first through holes are spaced apart in the first direction; A first sealing part is provided below the vent plate for sealing any of the first through holes; when a first through hole is sealed, all first air passages between the first through hole and the normally ventilated area remain connected to the vacuuming component, and all first air passages on the side of the first through hole away from the normally ventilated area are disconnected from the vacuuming component.

3. The composite fixing structure for fixing a PCB according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first sealing part includes a first sealing element, a first power element, and a first channel extending along a first direction. The first sealing element is slidably disposed in the first channel. The size of the first sealing element is equal to the inner diameter of the first channel. The size of the upper surface of the first sealing element is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the first through hole. The first power element is connected to the first sealing element and is used to drive the first sealing element to move along the first direction in the first channel. The end of the first channel near the normally ventilated area is used to connect to the vacuuming element.

4. The composite fixing structure for fixing a PCB according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ventilation plate also includes a second ventilation area, which is adjacent to the second abutment side and the normally ventilated area on both sides, respectively. The second ventilation area includes multiple second ventilation channels that are spaced apart in a second direction and extend along a first direction. Each second ventilation channel is provided with a second through hole that penetrates the ventilation plate, and multiple second through holes are spaced apart in the second direction. The composite fixing structure further includes a second sealing part disposed below the vent plate. The second sealing part includes a second sealing member, a second power member, and a second channel extending along a second direction. The second sealing member is slidably disposed in the second channel. The size of the second sealing member is equal to the inner diameter of the second channel. The upper surface size of the second sealing member is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the second through hole. The second power member is connected to the second sealing member and is used to drive the second sealing member to move along the second direction in the second channel. The vacuuming member is also connected to the end of the second channel near the normally ventilated area.

5. The composite fixing structure for fixing a PCB according to claim 4, characterized in that, The two ends of the adjacent sides of the first ventilation zone and the second ventilation zone are the vertices of the normally ventilated zone and the ventilation plate, respectively; the adjacent sides intersect with both the first direction and the second direction; the lengths of the plurality of first ventilation channels gradually increase in the first direction; the lengths of the plurality of second ventilation channels gradually increase in the second direction.

6. The composite fixing structure for fixing a PCB according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vent plate is provided with multiple mounting holes for fasteners to pass through in order to fix the composite fixing structure in a predetermined position; below the vent plate are provided a first connector connected to the fixing through hole, a second connector connected to the end of the first channel near the normally ventilated area, and a third connector connected to the end of the second channel near the normally ventilated area.

7. The composite fixing structure for fixing a PCB according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sensor is fixedly installed below the ventilation plate to determine whether a workpiece is placed above the support plate corresponding to the normally ventilated area.

8. The composite fixing structure for fixing a PCB according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vent plate is fixedly provided with two first slide rails on both sides in a first direction, and the first slide rails extend along a second direction; a mounting base is slidably connected to the first slide rail, and a second slide rail extending along a third direction is fixedly provided on the mounting base; a connecting base is slidably connected to the second slide rail; the top end of the connecting base protrudes from the bearing plate; and the pressure plate is fixedly connected to the top end of the connecting base.

9. The composite fixing structure for fixing a PCB according to claim 8, characterized in that, The two mounting bases move synchronously along the second direction; the two connecting bases move synchronously along the third direction.

10. The composite fixing structure for fixing a PCB according to claim 9, characterized in that, The two mounting bases are connected to the drive unit via a synchronous belt. The drive unit is used to drive the two mounting bases to move simultaneously along the first slide rail. The drive unit is fixedly connected to the lower part of the vent plate. The drive unit is located in the middle of the lower part of the vent plate in a first direction and in the side away from the normally ventilated area in a second direction.

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