Methods for operating a slicer and the slicer itself

Abstract

A first aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for operating a slicer (100, 200) to perform a cutting process, wherein the slicer (100, 200) has a blade (112) with a cutting edge (114) and a sample (122) on a sample holder (120); the method includes the steps of: - determining an optical gap (300) defined segmentally by the cutting edge (114) and the sample (122), and - calibrating the blade (112) and / or the sample (122) to give the optical gap (300) a predetermined structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a slicer and a method for operating the slicer. Background Technology

[0002] A slicer is a specialized tool used in the laboratory to cut extremely thin sheets of sample.

[0003] To study materials, such as biological materials, it is often necessary to separate thin sheets from a sample of the material being studied. The thickness of these sheets can range from a few nanometers to a few micrometers. The sheets can then be studied under a microscope. A microtome typically consists of a bladed instrument and a sample holder, in which the material sample can be held in place during the cutting process.

[0004] For the cutting process, the usual practice is to precisely position the sample relative to the cutting tool. During this positioning process, care should be taken to avoid damaging the tool or the sample. Accordingly, accidental contact between the tool and the sample should be prevented.

[0005] During the positioning of the cutting tool and the sample, the proximity of the sample and the cutting tool is usually observed using a stereomicroscope. However, this observation does not always provide a reliable assessment of the distance between the sample and the cutting edge of the tool. Therefore, technical positioning aids (such as a movable sample holder) can be used to adjust the gap between the cutting tool and the sample.

[0006] This level of precision is also necessary for adjusting tool and sample oscillation. Angle errors can lead to undesirable results during the cutting process. Manual positioning (i.e., user-manual operation) can require extensive practice and is very time-consuming.

[0007] Therefore, it is hoped that these situations can be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this disclosure relates to improving the method of performing thin sectioning of samples.

[0009] This objective is achieved through the embodiments disclosed herein, which are defined in particular by the subject matter of the independent claims. Dependent claims relate to further embodiments. Various aspects and embodiments thereof are also disclosed in the following summary and description, providing additional features and advantages.

[0010] The first aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for operating a slicer to perform a cutting process.

[0011] The slicer has a blade with a cutting edge and a sample on a sample holder;

[0012] The method includes the following steps:

[0013] - Determine the optical gap segmented by the blade and the sample, and

[0014] - Calibrate the cutting tool and / or sample to give the optical gap a preset structure.

[0015] A microtome can be a rotary microtome suitable for cutting thin tissue sections. A microtome can also be a cryo-microtome suitable for cutting frozen samples. This is useful for preparing samples for biological and / or medical research. A microtome can also be an ultramicrotome, suitable for cutting ultrathin sections, such as for electron microscopy. A microtome can also be a laser microtome, which allows for non-contact cutting of samples using a laser.

[0016] The operation of a microtome can refer to its application and operation. This operation may include sample preparation, section thickness adjustment, sample cutting, and / or section collection. The cutting process of a microtome can refer to separation or slicing methods, that is, the process of precisely and controlledly cutting thin sections or sheets from a sample.

[0017] A cutting tool can be a specialized cutting tool used in a microtome to prepare precise thin sections of a sample. The cutting tool can be replaceable. The cutting edge of the cutting tool can refer to the sharpest area or edge of the tool used to cut the sample or material. The cutting edge can have various shapes. For example, the cutting edge can have a straight edge, a serrated edge, a concave edge, a V-shaped edge, or a convex edge. For example, the cutting tool can be made of glass or diamond.

[0018] A sample can refer to material or substance that is mounted on a microtome and cut into precise thin sections by the microtome's cutting process. Samples can include biological tissues, plant parts, or other materials.

[0019] A sample holder is a device or component used to hold and stabilize a sample on a microtome during the cutting process. A sample holder can precisely fix the position of the sample. This ensures that sections are accurate, uniform, and repeatable.

[0020] A light gap can refer to the space or opening between the cutting edge of a tool and the sample. In other words, light can pass through the space formed, for example, between the cutting edge and the sample. The light gap may have a profile. The profile of the light gap can refer to the outer shape or outer contour of the space through which light can pass. The profile of the light gap can be divided into different segments. Here, at least one segment of the profile can be formed by the cutting edge and / or the sample. In other words, one segment of the profile can be formed by the cutting edge, and another segment of the profile can be formed by the sample or the sample surface. In particular, the light gap can also be defined based on reflections of structures in the sample, such as reflections of a portion of the cutting edge. For example, a user can adjust the position so that they can capture the reflection of the cutting edge on the sample surface. In other words, the light gap can be defined segmentally by the cutting edge and its mirror image on the sample surface or the front surface of the sample. Therefore, the method can include determining a light gap that is defined segmentally by the position of the cutting edge relative to the sample.

[0021] Determining the optical gap can refer to the process of identifying, measuring, or characterizing it. This involves measuring the size, width, length, and / or other dimensions of the optical gap. This can be done, for example, using specialized measuring instruments, optical techniques, and / or by the user's naked eye.

[0022] Calibration of the cutting tool and / or sample can refer to the process of adjusting, modifying, or positioning the cutting tool and / or sample. During calibration, specific angles and / or distances between the cutting tool and the sample can be adjusted. Calibration can be performed by manipulating a motor that moves the cutting tool and / or sample holder. Calibration of the cutting tool and / or sample holder can also be performed manually by the user.

[0023] Structure can refer to an arrangement, shape, geometric feature, or other characteristic parameter, such as polygons, contours, color (wavelength), etc. For example, a structure can include a specific pattern, geometry, or arrangement intentionally introduced or designed and used as a target value. A preset structure can mean an arrangement, pattern, or shape intentionally determined beforehand. A preset structure can be based on specific goals or requirements of the cutting process. For example, the goal of the positioning process can be that the optical gap reaches or at least approaches a preset structure. The optical gap is then continuously changed by calibrating the tool and / or the sample until the preset structure is achieved.

[0024] The advantages of this method include precise alignment of the optical gap and accurate cutting of the thin sheet of sample. Furthermore, it avoids damage to the cutting tool. Here, the tool can perform linear cuts using this method. To achieve this, the cutting surface of the tool can be arranged substantially parallel to the sample surface (also referred to as the front surface or "block surface") of the sample or the portion of the sample to be cut.

[0025] One embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for operating a slicer to perform a cutting process.

[0026] The method includes the following steps:

[0027] - Illuminate the space between the blade and the sample using a lighting device.

[0028] The illumination device can be a light source, a lamp, or a laser. A beam path can be generated from the light source. This beam path can be used at least partially to define the optical gap. Here, the illumination device below the tool can illuminate the space between the tool and the sample.

[0029] The advantage of illumination is that it allows for the precise formation and / or determination of the light gap. Advantageously, a clear light gap profile can be formed. Using only ambient light may make it difficult to detect structures used for tool and / or sample calibration.

[0030] One embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for operating a slicer to perform a cutting process.

[0031] The light gap is determined using sensors, especially cameras.

[0032] By using sensors, such as those used in optical sensors, the light gap can be quickly and automatically determined or detected. This allows for a dynamic positioning process. Here, the sensor can be a camera, which detects the light gap and converts it into an electrical signal. The sensor can also be other optical sensors.

[0033] The actual position of the optical gap can be detected by a sensor. This actual position can be compared to a target position, such as the target position of a pre-defined structure. Subsequently, the optical gap can be altered, for example, by means of calibration of the tool and / or sample, so that the actual position approaches the target position. In other words, the pre-defined structure can be calibrated.

[0034] One embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for operating a slicer to perform a cutting process.

[0035] The structure includes a shape with two parallel sides, wherein the first side is defined by a cutting edge and the second side is defined by a sample.

[0036] For example, the upper edge of the sample surface (i.e., the "block") can be parallel to the cutting edge. Thus, the first side of the optical gap profile is defined by the cutting edge, and the second side of the optical gap profile is defined by the sample. The sample can be a polyhedron, where surfaces form the sample surface. Therefore, the cutting edge can be parallel to the sample surface.

[0037] The second side can also be defined by the mirror or reflection of the blade on the sample surface. Mirror reflections from other structures (such as markings in the cutting blade or holder) can also be used for calibration.

[0038] One advantage here is that the result of the cutting process can be optimally adjusted. For example, the result could be a sheet of material with two parallel edges and a predefined distance at at least one segment.

[0039] One embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for operating a slicer to perform a cutting process.

[0040] The structure includes a shape with a preset spacing, which is defined by the edges of the blade structure and the edges of the sample structure.

[0041] This spacing can also include the distance from the mirrored feature.

[0042] By measuring distances at different points, it is also possible to achieve parallelism or other pre-defined calibrations between the tool and the sample relative to each other.

[0043] One embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for operating a slicer to perform a cutting process.

[0044] During calibration, the sample and / or tool are moved along or parallel to the first linear axis.

[0045] The advantage of moving along or parallel to the first linear axis is that it allows for dynamic pre-adjustment of the slicing or cutting process. Here, for example, the distance between the tool and the sample can be observed, and the sample / tool ​​can be adjusted such that a pre-given distance remains constant or varies within a pre-given limit during linear motion.

[0046] One embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for operating a slicer to perform a cutting process.

[0047] Orientation is performed along the first rotation axis.

[0048] In particular, the sample can be moved relative to the tool along a linear axis, where a preset distance should be maintained. To maintain this distance, calibration can be performed about a first rotation axis. For example, the rotation axis could be... Figure 1 The x-axis, x''-axis, y-axis, and / or z-axis in the diagram.

[0049] The advantage of calibrating along the first rotation axis is that the sample is dynamically calibrated toward the tool, thereby enabling a smooth cut.

[0050] One embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for operating a slicer to perform a cutting process.

[0051] The calibration is performed along the second rotation axis.

[0052] By calibrating around the two rotation axes, especially during linear motion, the preset distance can be effectively adjusted.

[0053] One embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for operating a slicer to perform a cutting process.

[0054] The tool calibration is achieved by moving the tool around the first linear axis, either mechanically or manually.

[0055] Blade adjustments are particularly important when the sample is stationary, offering several advantages, including improved precision and control over section thickness and quality, enhanced sample stability to reduce artifacts, and improved section consistency. By keeping the sample stationary while moving the blade, the risk of damaging sensitive samples is reduced, leading to reliable and accurate results in subsequent analyses.

[0056] One embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for operating a slicer to perform a cutting process.

[0057] The calibration of the sample is achieved by moving the sample around the second and third axes by motor or manual means. The second and third axes are arranged to be perpendicular to the first linear axis and / or to each other.

[0058] One advantage of this sample calibration method is that it can achieve particularly precise cutting results.

[0059] One embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for operating a slicer to perform a cutting process.

[0060] The structures include those that are basically rectangular, triangular, or trapezoidal in shape.

[0061] The advantage of this approach is that it provides a simple method to determine the shape of the result of the cutting process. For example, the cutter and / or sample can be calibrated so that the light gap has a predetermined structure, which may be substantially rectangular. Therefore, it can be ensured that, for example, the result of the cutting process is a sheet of thin and uniform thickness.

[0062] One embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for operating a slicer to perform a cutting process.

[0063] The camera is positioned on the opposite side of the lighting device relative to the sample, such that the camera is neither positioned on the axis between the lighting device and the sample nor parallel to them.

[0064] The advantage of this arrangement may be that the rotation of the tool and / or sample holder around the axis can be observed. Advantageously, this allows for mirror reflection or reflection of at least one component of the tool.

[0065] For example, this type of arrangement can make the blade reflect off the sample surface.

[0066] Another advantage is the ability to detect changes in the light gap, which can be detected by the movement of the sample or tool along the axis between the illumination device and the sample (or along an axis parallel to this, for example...). Figure 2 The z' axis is observed through a camera (or light sensor).

[0067] One embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for operating a slicer to perform a cutting process.

[0068] In order to determine the light gap, the lighting device and / or camera are moved.

[0069] For example, the illumination device can be brought close to the slicer. An advantage of this movement is that it allows the illumination device to be positioned appropriately for observing the light gap.

[0070] Alternatively, the sensor or camera can be moved to determine the optical gap. Here, the sensor and illumination device can be moved such that the light and its reflection can be detected by the sensor during movement. The camera's movement should also reveal changes in the optical gap structure that were previously invisible. Therefore, the advantages of sensor movement can positively influence the measurement of the optical gap.

[0071] One embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure relates to a method for operating a slicer to perform a cutting process.

[0072] In order to determine the optical gap, the cutting edge of the tool is preset to be a straight line.

[0073] The advantage lies in the fact that, due to the linearly preset blade edge, the light gap can be determined particularly easily. The linearly preset blade edge means that serrations, gaps, etc., can be considered negligible regarding the orientation at the blade edge. Therefore, it is easy to compare the light gap (including the linear blade edge) with the preset structure.

[0074] The second aspect of this disclosure relates to a slicer.

[0075] The slicer is constructed as follows:

[0076] - Perform the method according to the first aspect of this disclosure; and / or

[0077] - Exchange information with the apparatus, which performs the method according to the first aspect of this disclosure.

[0078] The advantage of this type of slicer is that it only requires one interface to move the sample holder and the cutter, and requires corresponding software to control or otherwise implement the operation according to the first aspect.

[0079] With the help of a slicer, multiple slices can also be produced side by side by the lateral movement of the blade.

[0080] In summary, the methods and apparatus described herein enable automated sample and blade orientation in a (ultrathin) microtome using motorized axes and video analysis software. The advantages of the methods and applications described herein are that they are user-supported by software. All degrees of freedom required for the process can be electrically controlled. Using a camera, the blade edge or cutting edge, the light gap, and the upper edge of the sample can be automatically identified and evaluated through video analysis. By automatically manipulating the motors, all axes can be aligned so that the microtome is ready to cut the sample at the end of the (positioning) process. This automation also enables less experienced users to operate the (ultrathin) microtome. It also significantly reduces setup errors. The cost risk of blade damage can be reduced. Users can dedicate time to other tasks. Through video analysis, a greater distance can be used between the sample and the blade during adjustment, which reduces the probability of sample and blade damage. Attached Figure Description

[0081] Other advantages and features arise from the embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not always shown to scale. In particular, for clarity of description, the dimensions of various features may be enlarged or reduced accordingly. Therefore, the drawings are at least partially schematic.

[0082] Figure 1 A slicer according to one embodiment is shown in perspective.

[0083] Figure 2 A slicer according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0084] Figure 3 A slicer according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0085] Figure 4 A slicer according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0086] Figure 5 A slicer according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0087] Figure 6 A slicer according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0088] Reference is made in the following description to the accompanying drawings, which are an integral part of this disclosure and illustrate specific aspects and embodiments of the disclosure. The same reference numerals denote the same features or features that are at least partially functionally or structurally similar.

[0089] Generally, the disclosure of the described methods also applies to the corresponding apparatus for performing the method or the corresponding system including one or more apparatuses, and vice versa. For example, if specific method steps are described, the corresponding apparatus may include features for performing the described method steps, even if such features are not explicitly described or shown in the figures. Conversely, if a particular device is described based on functional units, the corresponding method may include one or more steps for performing the described function, even if such steps are not explicitly described or shown in the figures. In a similar manner, a system may include corresponding apparatus features or features for performing specific method steps. Unless otherwise expressly stated, features of the various exemplary aspects and embodiments described above or below may be combined with each other.

[0090] Figure 1 A microtome 100 according to one embodiment is schematically shown in perspective. Preferably, the microtome 100 is an ultrathin microtome or includes an ultrathin microtome. The microtome 100 includes a blade holder 110 and a sample holder 120. Typically, a typical microtome includes other components, such as a housing, etc., which are omitted for clarity. Figure 1 Not shown in the image.

[0091] The tool holder 110 holds the tool 112. The tool 112 has a cutting edge 114 on its upper right side. Additionally, a receiving box 116 may be arranged, for example, at or on the tool 112. The sample holder 120 is configured to hold a sample 122. This sample 122 may have, for example, a block shape, which can be inserted into the sample holder 120 such that the sample surface 124 of the sample 122 faces the tool 112.

[0092] The method for operating this slicer 100 is typically as follows: when the sample 122 is correctly aligned with the blade 114, the sample 122 is moved relative to the blade 114 along the cutting direction c. The blade 114 is configured to cut a segment (or sheet) from the sample 122.

[0093] For example, segments cut from sample 122 can be collected in receiving box 116. To enable this movement, blade holder 110 and sample holder 120 are configured to move relative to each other in the cutting direction c. In principle, blade holder 110 or sample holder 120, or both, can be configured to move along the cutting direction c. In one embodiment, sample holder 120 is configured to move in the cutting direction c (up and down in both directions). Furthermore, blade holder 110 and sample holder 120 can be configured to move relative to each other in the feed direction b so that the blade 114 contacts sample 122, and especially so that sample 122 is moved forward after a segment or sheet is cut from it.

[0094] In one embodiment, the tool holder 110 and thus the tool 112 are configured to move in the feed direction b, that is, toward (and away from) the sample 122 or the sample holder 120. However, in principle, the sample holder 120 can also be configured to move toward the tool 112 in the feed direction b (or its opposite direction).

[0095] As already described, the blade 112 or cutting edge 114 and the sample 122 or sample holder 120 must be aligned before cutting to produce correct and accurate sections from the sample. This may require the blade holder 110 or sample holder 120 to be supported in a manner rotatable about at least one axis. Figure 1 Five axes are shown for illustration: axis z', axis x, axis y, axis z'', and axis x''. Rotation of the tool holder 110 and / or sample holder 120 about one or more of these axes enables the blade 114 to be aligned with the sample surface 124 of the sample 122.

[0096] As from Figure 1 As can be seen, the sample holder 120 can typically be configured such that the sample holder can rotate about, for example, each of three different axes x, y and z.

[0097] The sample holder 120 or sample 122 can also rotate about axis x''. Axis x and axis x'' can be arranged to be parallel to each other. Axis x and axis x'' can be spaced apart from each other in the y direction (e.g., 10 cm to 50 cm).

[0098] In a similar manner, the tool holder 110 can be configured to rotate about each of three different axes, where, for example, only axis z' is shown (similarly, axes x' and y' can be used).

[0099] It should be noted that the axes shown are calibrated according to the Cartesian coordinate system, which is common in such slicers; however, this is merely illustrative, and it is also possible to define such axes in other ways. The rotation of the blade holder 110 and sample holder 120 about three different axes provides multiple degrees of freedom for the calibration of the blade 114 and sample surface 124. Nevertheless, the total of three different axes is sufficient to guarantee calibration in a sufficient number of ways, not only for the blade holder 110 but also for the sample holder 120.

[0100] In one embodiment, the tool holder 110 is supported in a manner rotatable about axis z', wherein axis z' extends parallel to the cutting direction c. The sample holder 120 is supported in a manner rotatable about axes x and y. Axis y extends parallel to the feed direction b. (As from...) Figure 1 As can be seen, the rotatable support of the tool holder 110 about axis z' is equivalent to the rotatable support of the sample holder 120 about axis z. In both alternatives, the cutting edge 114 can rotate relative to the sample 122 or its sample surface 124 in the same or equivalent manner. In a similar manner, the tool holder 110 can rotate about another axis x' and / or axis y' (in... Figure 1 Rotation (not shown) is equivalent to the rotatability of the sample holder about axis x and / or axis y. Which components of the blade holder 110 and sample holder 120 should be rotatable about which axes can be selected according to the preferred configuration implemented in a particular microtome.

[0101] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in principle, only one or two axes (about which the tool holder 110 or sample holder 112 can rotate) are sufficient to align the blade 114 and the sample surface 124. It should be noted that the tool holder 110 and / or sample holder 120 may be equipped with actuators for electric motion to simplify the rotations required about the respective axes.

[0102] exist Figure 2 The image shows a slicer 200 according to another embodiment. The slicer 200 substantially corresponds to... Figure 1 The slicer 100 in the middle. With Figure 1 Unlike other microtome models, the 200 is shown in a cross-sectional view and rotated (the positions of the blade holder and sample holder are interchanged). Figure 1 The axes and directions shown correspond to Figure 2 The shaft shown. It should be noted that... Figure 1 Some parts of the slicer 100 in Figure 2 Some are not shown in the figure, some are shown (with the same reference numerals), and some other parts are shown.

[0103] In particular, in addition to the blade holder 110 with blade 112 and the sample holder 120 with sample 122, the slicer 200 includes an illumination device 230, a sensor 240, and a control device 250. In one embodiment, the illumination device 230 includes an LED or another light source 232, and a diffuser element or filter 234 to ensure uniform illumination by means of the light source 232. In one embodiment, the sensor 240 may consist of a camera.

[0104] Illumination device 230 is arranged to illuminate the space 235 between the blade 114 and the sample 122. In other words, a light beam 238 emitted by illumination device 230 (or light source 232) is directed to the area where the sample surface 124 of the sample 122 is arranged and the blade 114. The light passing through the space 235 between the sample surface 124 of the sample 122 and the blade 114 reaches sensor 240. In this way, a light gap 300 is created, which is detected or can be detected by sensor 240. Depending on the current calibration or arrangement of the blade 112 and the sample 122, the light beam 238 may be reflected on the side 218 of the blade 112 and / or on the sample surface 124 of the sample 122.

[0105] In one embodiment, the slicer 200 includes a first actuator 260.1, a second actuator 260.2, a third actuator 260.3, and a fourth actuator 260.4. It should be noted that when using only one or two axes, with the blade holder 110 and / or sample holder 120 rotatably mounted thereabouts, one or two actuators are sufficient.

[0106] A first actuator 260.1 is configured to cause the tool holder 110 to rotate about axis z'. A second actuator 260.2 is configured to cause the sample holder 120 to rotate about axis x; this rotation corresponds to tilting the sample holder 120 and thus the sample 122. A third actuator 260.3 is configured to cause the sample holder 120 to rotate about axis y. A fourth actuator 260.4 is configured to cause the sample holder 120 to rotate about axis x''.

[0107] Each of the first actuator 260.1, the second actuator 260.2, the third actuator 260.3, and the fourth actuator 260.4 can be electrified. The control device 250 can be electrically and / or communicatively coupled to each of the first actuator 260.1, the second actuator 260.2, the third actuator 260.3, and / or the fourth actuator 260.4 to manipulate them and thereby cause rotation about the respective axis.

[0108] In one embodiment, one, two, three, and / or all four of the first actuator 260.1, second actuator 260.2, third actuator 260.3, and fourth actuator 260.4 may also be electrically powered, but may be configured to be manually actuated or operated, such as via a handwheel, to induce the aforementioned rotation. One or more of the first actuator 260.1, second actuator 260.2, third actuator 260.3, and fourth actuator 260.4 may also be electrically powered, but may be configured for manual operation, such as requiring a user to manipulate an operating element (e.g., a switch) to activate the actuator.

[0109] In one embodiment, the slicer 200 includes a handwheel or control wheel 262. The handwheel 262 is configured (particularly by means of a mechanism not shown here) to trigger a cutting motion to move the sample holder 120 up and down in the cutting direction c to cut a segment from the sample. The handwheel 262 can also be configured to cause a feed motion in the feed direction b (e.g., the blade holder 110). The two motions (cutting motion and feed motion) can be coupled in such a way that multiple sheets can be cut efficiently. The handwheel 262 can be designed to be motorized and / or for manual operation. If the handwheel 262 is motorized, automated cutting motion is achieved, so that the handwheel can only be used for auxiliary and / or corrective movements.

[0110] Furthermore, lateral movement in the x-axis direction can be achieved to move the sample after cutting the segment or sheet to cut another sheet next to the first sheet. Handwheel 262 can also be configured to enable this lateral movement. This lateral movement can also be achieved in other ways, such as via an additional (motorized) handwheel.

[0111] The (cutting) motion implemented by the handwheel 262 can also be implemented by the fourth actuator 260.4.

[0112] Figure 3 The top view shows the cutting machine 200 and the light gap 300.

[0113] The light gap 300 is formed between the cutting edge 114 of the tool 112 and the sample 122. Here, light can pass through the light gap 300 (that is, in the space between the cutting edge 114 and the sample 122) and can be perceived by the user.

[0114] The light gap 300 has a profile 310. The first segment 311 of the profile 310 is formed by a cutting edge 114. The second segment 312 of the profile 310 is formed by the sample 122, or more precisely, the sample surface 124.

[0115] Before the cutting process, the sample 122 can be precisely positioned relative to the cutter 112 during the positioning process. This can be achieved using a computer-implemented method. In one step, the computer-implemented method may include determining the optical gap 300, wherein the optical gap 300 is detected by means of a camera.

[0116] Here, the optical gap 300 can be defined segment by segment by the blade 114 and the sample 122. In another step, the method may include calibrating the blade 112 and / or the sample 122 such that the optical gap 300 has a predetermined structure. Here, the predetermined structure may include a polygonal shape, especially a rectangular shape.

[0117] Figures 4 to 6 The implementations are shown respectively (e.g.) Figure 2 The steps for calibrating the slicer 200 (blade 112) and / or sample 122 shown. Figures 4 to 6 The steps shown can be sequential.

[0118] Figure 4 The top view shows the rotation of tool 112 about the z' axis. z' The slicer 200 is in operation. At this time, sample 122 remains in a fixed position.

[0119] As the cutting tool 112 rotates D z' At this time, the orientation of the cutting edge 114 relative to the rotated cutting edge 114' changes. Correspondingly, the optical gap 300 also changes. At this time, the tool 112 can rotate such that the rotated cutting edge 114' extends substantially parallel to the sample surface 124 of the sample 122.

[0120] This step enables the optical gap 300 to have a predetermined structure. The predetermined structure includes a shape with two parallel sides. The first side is defined by a blade 114, and the second side is defined by a sample 122.

[0121] Figure 5 The slicer 200 is shown in a side view during the movement of sample 122.

[0122] Sample 122 can rotate about rotation axis x'' and / or (first) rotation axis x. Here, rotation axis x is also referred to as the sample tilt axis. Here, rotation axis x'' is about 20 cm away from rotation axis x.

[0123] Sample 122 rotates about the rotation axis x'' by D z'' Meanwhile, the blade 112 with the cutting edge 114 remains in a fixed position.

[0124] Because the distance ∆y is relatively large compared to the size of the slicer 200, the rotation D z''For example, sample 122 can be made to move almost in the z-direction. In other words, during calibration, sample 122 moves approximately along or almost parallel to the first linear axis z'.

[0125] Here, sample surface 124 moves to the upper position 124'' ,o and / or the next position 124'' ,u middle.

[0126] The sample 122 moves in small steps across its entire height in the z-direction, and slightly beyond that height. In each step, the optical gap 300 can be detected and analyzed by the sensor 240.

[0127] Here, the light gap 300, or the distance between the blade 114 and the sample surface 124, can be visually perceived (e.g., by means of a pixel map). Furthermore, the angular deviation of the light gap profile can be determined. For example, the angular deviation between the profile segment formed by the blade 114 and the profile segment formed by the sample surface 124 can be determined. Therefore, for example, 30 measurements can be performed at different heights of the sample 122. Subsequently, corrections can be calculated and adjusted from the analysis of these measurements.

[0128] For example, the first correction may include rotation about axis x (or sample tilt axis) by means of a third actuator 260.3. After the first correction, the light gap 300 should remain the same size when the cutting area is driven by manipulating a handwheel or automatically.

[0129] Furthermore, the second modification may include rotation about axis z' by means of the first actuator 260.1. This rotation can be synchronized with the movement of the tool 112. Figure 4 The rotation D shown z' Similar. At this point, because measurement data exists, it can be compared to... Figure 4 The rotation D shown z' A second correction is made to achieve higher precision.

[0130] The first and second corrections can keep the light gap parallel as it travels through the cut area.

[0131] The cutting motion can be performed not only manually via the handwheel 262, but also via software-based control of the fourth actuator 260.4.

[0132] In summary, the cutting motion of the slicer 200 can be achieved by rotation about the x'' axis. This rotation can also be motorized. Here, the x'' axis can be parallel to the rotation axis x or the sample tilt axis. Therefore, large cutting motions (over 10 mm) can be achieved.

[0133] Figure 6The diagram schematically shows the sample 122 rotating about the y-axis D in another side view. y slicer 200 (e.g., according to Figure 2 The implementation shown is illustrated.

[0134] At this moment, sample 122 rotates D around the rotation axis y. y Meanwhile, the cutting tool 112 remains in a fixed position.

[0135] Rotate sample 122 by D y At this time, the calibration of the upper edge 624.1 of the sample surface 124 is changed accordingly to the upper edge 624.1' of the sample surface 124 after rotation. At this time, the sample 122 can be rotated such that the upper edge 624.1' after rotation is arranged to be substantially parallel to the cutting edge 114 of the tool 112.

[0136] In execution Figures 4 to 6 After the steps described, the positioning process is complete. Then, the cutting process can begin.

[0137] During each of these steps, the distance between the tool 112 and the sample 122 can be continuously monitored to avoid contact between the tool 112 and the sample 122. Corrections can be made using a precision motor. Furthermore, the optical gap 300 can be continuously and automatically evaluated using video analysis.

[0138] All movements, motions, and rotations shown in the diagram are abstract and depicted at a magnified scale for better display. It should be noted that the actual movements, motions, and rotations may be smaller.

[0139] The aspects described herein can be implemented and / or include a computer. The computer can be a personal computer (PC), a system-on-a-chip (SoC), a digital signal processor (DSP), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), to name only. Computer components, software modules, functions, data storage, and data structures can be directly or indirectly interconnected to enable the data flow required for their operation. It should also be noted that modules or processors include, but are not limited to, code units that perform software operations, and may, for example, be code units or code units or objects implemented as subroutines or software functions (as in an object-oriented paradigm), applets, computer scripting languages, or other types of computer code. Depending on the specific circumstances, software components and / or functions may reside on a single computer or may be distributed across multiple computers.

[0140] Some embodiments relate to a microscope that includes, as in combination with Figures 1 to 6 One or more systems described in [the document]. Alternatively, a microscope can be as combined with [other systems]. Figures 1 to 6 One or more of the systems described herein are part of or in combination with such systems. Figures 1 to 6 One or more of the systems described in the document are connected together. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of slicers 100 or 200 are shown, respectively, configured to perform the methods described herein. Slicer 100 or 200 may include a computer system. Slicer 100 or 200 is configured to acquire images and connect to the computer system. The computer system is configured to perform at least a portion of the methods described herein. The computer system may be configured to execute machine learning algorithms. The computer system and other components of slicer 100 or 200 may be separate units, or they may be integrated into a common housing. The computer system may be part of the central processing system of slicer 100 or 200, and / or the computer system may be part of a sub-component of slicer 100 or 200, such as, for example, sensors, actuators, cameras, or lighting units of slicer 100 or 200.

[0141] A computer system can be a local computer device (e.g., a personal computer, laptop, tablet, or mobile phone) having one or more processors and one or more storage devices, or a distributed computer system (e.g., a cloud computer system having one or more processors and one or more storage devices distributed in different locations, such as at local clients and / or one or more remote server farms and / or data centers). A computer system can include any circuitry or combination of circuits. In one implementation, a computer system can include one or more processors, which can be of any type. The term "processor" as used herein can refer to any type of computing circuitry, such as: a microprocessor for a microscope or microscope component (e.g., a camera), a microcontroller, a CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing) microprocessor, a RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) microprocessor, a VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) microprocessor, a graphics processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a multi-core processor, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or other types of microscopes (e.g., cameras) or any other type of processor or processing circuitry. Other types of circuits (which may be included in a computer system) may be customer-customized circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc., such as one or more circuits (e.g., communication circuits) used in wireless devices (such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, two-way radios, and similar electronic systems). The computer system may include one or more storage devices, which may include one or more storage elements suitable for the respective application, such as main memory in the form of random access memory (RAM), one or more hard disks, and / or one or more drives that process removable media (such as optical discs (CDs), flash memory cards, digital video discs (DVDs), etc.). The computer system may also include a display device, one or more speakers, and a keyboard and / or controller, which may include a mouse, trackball, touchscreen, voice recognition device, or other devices that enable system users to input and receive information into and from the computer system.

[0142] Some or all of the method steps can be performed by a hardware device (or where such a hardware device is used), such as, for example, a processor, microprocessor, programmable computer, or electronic circuit. In some implementations, one or more of the key method steps can be performed by such a device.

[0143] Depending on specific implementation requirements, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in hardware or software. This implementation can be achieved using a non-transitory storage medium (such as, for example, digital storage media, such as floppy disks, DVDs, Blu-ray discs, CDs, ROMs, PROMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, or FLASH memories), on which electronically readable control signals are stored. These control signals cooperate (or can cooperate with) a programmable computer system to execute corresponding methods. Therefore, the digital storage medium can be computer-readable. Some embodiments of the present invention include a data carrier carrying electronically readable control signals capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system to execute one of the methods described herein.

[0144] Generally, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a computer program product containing program code, wherein when the computer program product is run on a computer, the program code is used to perform one of the methods. For example, the program code can be stored on a machine-readable medium.

[0145] Other embodiments include a computer program for performing one of the methods described herein, the computer program being stored on a machine-readable medium.

[0146] Therefore, in other words, one embodiment of the present invention is a computer program containing program code for performing one of the methods described herein when the computer program is run on a computer.

[0147] Therefore, another embodiment of the invention is a storage medium (or data carrier or computer-readable medium) on which a computer program is stored, the computer program being used to perform one of the methods described herein when executed by a processor. Data carriers, digital storage media, or recording media are typically tangible and / or non-transferable. Another embodiment of the invention is an apparatus as described herein, having a processor and a storage medium.

[0148] Therefore, another embodiment of the invention represents a data stream or signal sequence for performing the methods described herein. For example, the data stream or signal sequence can be designed to be transmitted via a data communication connection, such as the Internet.

[0149] Another implementation includes a processing device (e.g., a computer or a programmable logic device) configured or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein.

[0150] Another implementation includes a computer on which a computer program for performing one of the methods described herein is installed.

[0151] Another embodiment of the invention includes an apparatus or system configured to transmit a computer program for performing one of the methods described herein to a receiver (e.g., electronically or optically). For example, the receiver may be a computer, mobile device, storage device, etc. For example, the apparatus or system may include a file server for transmitting the computer program to the receiver.

[0152] In some implementations, programmable logic devices (such as field-programmable gate arrays) may be used to perform some or all of the functions of the methods described herein. In some implementations, the field-programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. Typically, these methods are preferably performed by any hardware device.

[0153] The term “and / or” as used in this document covers all combinations of one or more of the listed aspects and may be abbreviated with “ / ”.

[0154] Although some aspects are described in conjunction with the equipment, these aspects clearly also constitute a description of the corresponding method, where modules or devices correspond to method steps or features of method steps. Similarly, aspects described in conjunction with method steps also constitute a description of the features of the corresponding modules or components or the corresponding equipment.

[0155] List of reference numerals

[0156] 100 and 200 slicers

[0157] 110 knife holder

[0158] 112 cutting tools

[0159] 114 blade

[0160] 116 container boxes

[0161] 120 sample rack

[0162] 122 samples

[0163] 124 Sample Surface

[0164] The side of the 218 cutting tool

[0165] 230 lighting fixtures

[0166] 232 light source

[0167] 234 Diffuser or Filter

[0168] 235 Space

[0169] 238 beams

[0170] 240 sensors

[0171] 250 control device

[0172] 260.1 First Actuator

[0173] 260.2 Second Actuator

[0174] 260.3 Third Actuator

[0175] 260.4 Fourth Actuator

[0176] 262 handwheel

[0177] 300 optical gap

[0178] 310 outline

[0179] The first part of the 311 outline

[0180] The second part of the 312 outline

[0181] x, y, z, x', y', z', x'' axis

[0182] b Feed direction

[0183] c Cutting direction

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method for operating a slicer (100, 200) to perform a cutting process. in, The slicer (100, 200) has a blade (112) with a cutting edge (114) and a sample (122) on a sample holder (120). The method includes the following steps: - Determine the optical gap (300) defined segment by segment by the blade (114) and the sample (122), and - The cutting tool (112) and / or the sample (122) are calibrated to give the optical gap (300) a preset structure.

2. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein the method comprises the steps of: - The space (235) between the blade (114) and the sample (122) is illuminated by the lighting device (230).

3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The light gap (300) is determined by a sensor (240), especially a camera.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The structure includes a shape with two parallel sides, wherein the first side is defined by the blade (114) and the second side is defined by the sample (122).

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The structure includes a shape with a preset spacing, the spacing being defined by the edge of the structure of the blade (114) and the edge of the structure of the sample (122).

6. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein, During calibration, the sample (122) and / or the tool (112) are moved along or parallel to the first linear axis (z).

7. The method according to any one of the preceding two claims, wherein, Calibrate along the first rotation axis (x).

8. The method according to any one of the preceding three claims, wherein, Calibrate along the second rotation axis (y).

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The calibration of the cutting tool (112) is achieved by moving the cutting tool (112) about the first linear axis (z) by means of motor or manual operation.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The calibration of the sample (122) is achieved by moving the sample (122) about a second axis and a third axis by means of motor or manual means, the second axis and the third axis being arranged to be perpendicular to the first linear axis (z) and / or to each other.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The structure includes shapes that are generally rectangular, triangular, or trapezoidal.

12. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 11, wherein, The camera is arranged on the other side of the lighting device (230) relative to the sample (122), such that the camera is neither arranged on the axis between the lighting device (230) and the sample (122) nor parallel to it.

13. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 12, wherein, In order to determine the light gap (300), the lighting device (230) and / or the camera (240) are moved.

14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, In order to determine the light gap (300), the cutting edge (114) of the cutting tool (112) is preset to be a straight line.

15. A slicer (100, 200). The slicer is configured to: - Perform the method according to any one of the preceding claims; and / or - Exchange information with the device, which performs the method according to any one of the preceding claims.

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