An apparatus and method for ultrasonic assisted scribe test in liquid environment

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of liquid environment in ultrasonic auxiliary scratch test device and method, it uses ultrasonic vibration auxiliary technology, combines motion control platform and electric two-dimensional sliding table system, realizes the high-precision simulation of tool in liquid immersion condition and the accurate regulation and control of scratch process parameter.By accurate force measurement, the mechanical evolution process of burr formation under liquid immersion condition is collected in real time, a new experimental research method is constructed for revealing material removal mechanism and liquid immersion burr formation law, which significantly improves the experimental controllability and data reliability of burr formation mechanism research under liquid immersion condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of scratch testing equipment, specifically to an ultrasonic-assisted scratch testing device and method in a liquid environment. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of precision and ultra-precision machining, controlling the integrity and edge quality of machined surfaces is crucial to ensuring the performance and reliability of parts. Among these challenges, burr formation and control have always been core issues affecting machining accuracy, assembly quality, and product service life. Traditional research on burr formation mechanisms largely relies on scratch tests, using simplified models to simulate the interaction between the tool and the workpiece, and then analyzing the plastic flow, fracture, and chip formation behavior of the material under the action of the cutting edge. While such methods are valuable for understanding the basic material removal mechanisms, they differ significantly from the operating conditions in many real-world applications.

[0003] In actual liquid immersion machining environments (such as milling, drilling, and grinding processes where cutting fluids are widely used), the liquid medium introduces a series of complex effects: its lubrication can alter the friction state and stress distribution at the tool-workpiece interface; its cooling effect affects the local mechanical properties of the material; and the cavitation phenomenon and energy transfer and attenuation characteristics in the liquid further influence the process. In particular, when combined with ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining technology, the transmission of high-frequency vibrations in the liquid is significantly attenuated, potentially inducing complex hydrodynamic effects. These factors collectively lead to material removal and burr formation mechanisms in liquid immersion ultrasonic machining that differ significantly from traditional dry conditions. Therefore, developing specialized experimental equipment and methods capable of realistically simulating and deeply studying the burr formation laws in ultrasonic-assisted machining under liquid immersion conditions has become an urgent need to promote technological progress and optimize process parameters in this field.

[0004] Currently, some research has been conducted both domestically and internationally on ultrasonic-assisted scratch testing devices, but research on liquid immersion environments still has significant limitations and shortcomings: Existing devices often lack realistic simulation and integration of liquid immersion environments. For example, the invention patent with authorization announcement number CN108982275B discloses an experimental device mainly designed based on dry or air-cooled conditions, without integrating a controllable liquid immersion environment module (such as a closed liquid tank or a medium circulation system). This makes it impossible to reproduce the lubrication, cooling, and hydrodynamic effects of cutting fluid, resulting in insufficient correlation between its research results and actual liquid immersion processing conditions.

[0005] Existing technologies have not effectively solved the problem of interference and attenuation of ultrasonic energy transmission by liquid immersion media. For example, although the invention patent application with publication number CN115647941A provides a multi-directional ultrasonic vibration scheme, it does not consider the transmission characteristics of ultrasonic waves in liquids and the amplitude attenuation caused by them. It also lacks an online monitoring and dynamic compensation mechanism for the output vibration parameters under liquid immersion conditions, resulting in unstable and uncontrollable ultrasonic assistance effects in experiments.

[0006] In summary, existing ultrasonic-assisted scratch testing techniques face key technical bottlenecks in areas such as the fidelity of simulating real liquid immersion processing environments, the precise controllability of ultrasonic energy under liquid immersion conditions, and high-precision mechanical measurements under dynamic fluid interference. This severely restricts researchers' in-depth understanding and quantitative analysis of material removal mechanisms, surface formation processes, and especially the burr generation patterns in liquid immersion ultrasonic-assisted processing. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an ultrasonic-assisted scratch testing device and method in a liquid environment. This provides a highly controllable and accurate experimental platform for the study of burr formation mechanism, effectively solving the problems of the dynamic influence of the lubrication effect and cavitation of the medium in the liquid environment on burr formation, and significantly improving the accuracy and scientific nature of burr formation mechanism research.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An ultrasonic-assisted scratch testing device in a liquid environment, comprising: Linear motion control platform; An ultrasonic vibration assembly includes an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, an amplitude transformer, and a diamond indenter installed at the end of the amplitude transformer, connected in sequence. The ultrasonic vibration assembly is fixed on the linear motion control platform and can perform linear scrubbing motion along the Y-axis under its drive. Two-dimensional electric displacement slide; A liquid immersion tank, fixedly mounted on the two-dimensional electric displacement slide and capable of moving along the X and Z axes, is used to hold a liquid medium and immerse the workpiece to be tested; and, The force measurement module includes a triaxial force gauge fixedly installed at the bottom of the liquid immersion tank, a charge amplifier and a data acquisition unit connected to the signal of the triaxial force gauge; The diamond indenter is located above the liquid immersion tank, and its vibration direction and the linear scrubbing motion direction are both set along the Y-axis.

[0009] The ultrasonic vibration assembly is fixed to the linear motion control platform via an L-shaped adapter plate. One side of the L-shaped adapter plate is connected to the linear motion control platform, and the other side is fixedly connected to the transducer or amplitude transformer.

[0010] The electrical signal output by the ultrasonic generator is converted into mechanical vibration by the transducer, and then amplified by the amplitude transformer and transmitted to the diamond indenter. The output amplitude of the diamond indenter in a liquid environment is adjustable in the range of 2-8 μm.

[0011] The two-dimensional electric displacement slide includes an X-axis drive unit, a Z-axis drive unit, a slide controller, and a carrier slider. The liquid immersion tank is installed on the carrier slider. The slide controller drives the carrier slider to make precise displacement in the X-axis and Z-axis directions by controlling the X-axis drive unit and the Z-axis drive unit.

[0012] The immersion tank has an L-shaped structure, including a vertical connecting arm and a horizontal tank body. The connecting arm is fixedly connected to the bearing slider, and the three-dimensional force gauge is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tank body.

[0013] The triaxial force gauge is a force sensor based on the piezoelectric principle with high-frequency response characteristics.

[0014] An ultrasonic-assisted scratch test method in a liquid environment, implemented using the device described above, includes the following steps: Step S1: Install and set the tool; The workpiece is fixed on a three-dimensional force gauge in the immersion tank, and liquid is injected into the immersion tank until the workpiece is submerged; the two-dimensional electric displacement slide is controlled to move in the X and Z axes to pre-set the workpiece surface with the tip of the diamond indenter and set the scratching depth. Step S2: Activate ultrasonic vibration; Start the ultrasonic generator to drive the transducer and amplitude transformer to work, so that the diamond indenter generates high-frequency vibration along the Y-axis. Step S3: Perform the scratching experiment; A linear motion control platform drives a vibrating diamond indenter to perform linear feed rubbing motion along the Y-axis, simulating the actual cutting speed; during a single rubbing process, the two-dimensional electric displacement slide remains stationary; Step S4: Synchronously collect data; The triaxial dynamic cutting force signal generated during the scratching process is collected in real time by the triaxial force measuring instrument, and then transmitted to the computer after being converted by the charge amplifier and the data acquisition unit. Step S5: Data analysis and mechanism study; The collected force data were filtered and analyzed. Combined with the burr morphology observation data of the workpiece edge after the scratching experiment, the correspondence between process parameters and burr generation mechanism under liquid immersion ultrasonic assistance was studied.

[0015] Step 2 is described in detail below: When no liquid is injected into the immersion tank, the ultrasonic generator is started to run ultrasonic vibration in the air. The amplitude of the diamond indenter under different driving voltages is calibrated using a sensor to establish a driving voltage-air amplitude reference curve. Liquid is injected into the immersion tank, and the amplitude of the diamond indenter under immersion conditions is monitored under the same driving voltage sequence to establish the driving voltage-immersion amplitude relationship. By comparing the driving voltage-air amplitude reference curve with the driving voltage-liquid immersion amplitude relationship, the amplitude attenuation caused by the liquid medium is calculated, and the driving voltage compensation parameter required to achieve the target amplitude under liquid immersion conditions is determined. In the formal scratching experiment, the ultrasonic generator operates by calling the corresponding drive voltage compensation parameters according to the target amplitude.

[0016] By adopting the above scheme, this invention achieves high-fidelity and controllable simulation of the liquid immersion ultrasonic-assisted machining process. By constructing a closed liquid immersion tank environment and combining "air-liquid" dual calibration and dynamic compensation mechanisms, the energy attenuation of ultrasonic waves in liquid is effectively overcome, enabling the diamond indenter to stably output a preset amplitude under liquid immersion conditions, realistically replicating the lubrication, cooling, and cavitation effects of cutting fluid. Through the architecture of "separation of active rubbing motion and workpiece positioning motion," the decoupling and independent precise control of key parameters such as rubbing speed, depth of cut, and ultrasonic amplitude are achieved, supporting systematic quantitative research on multivariable coupling effects. For the dynamic liquid immersion environment, a high-rigidity, high-frequency response triaxial force gauge and end-to-end signal optimization design are employed to effectively suppress fluid fluctuations and noise interference, achieving high signal-to-noise ratio real-time acquisition of triaxial dynamic cutting force signals. Ultimately, the device highly integrates environmental simulation, motion control, ultrasonic excitation, and precision measurement, constructing an integrated and standardized experimental research platform. This significantly improves the repeatability, efficiency, and data reliability of experiments, providing an advanced and reliable research method for revealing the material removal and burr formation mechanisms in liquid immersion ultrasonic-assisted processing. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart of an ultrasonic-assisted scratch test device and method in a liquid environment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic-assisted scratch test device in a liquid environment.

[0018] Label Explanation: Linear motion control platform 10; L-shaped adapter plate 11; 21. Ultrasonic generator; 22. Transducer; 23. Amplitude bar; 24. Diamond indenter; X-axis drive unit 31; Z-axis drive unit 32; slide controller 33; load-bearing slider 34; 40; immersion tank; 41; connecting arm; tank body; 51. Three-dimensional force gauge; 52. Charge amplifier; 53. Data acquisition unit. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The ultrasonic-assisted scratch testing device and method in a liquid environment provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following description is intended to enable those skilled in the art to clearly understand and implement the present invention, and is not intended to constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the ultrasonic-assisted scratching test device in a liquid environment provided in this embodiment of the invention mainly includes the following core components: a linear motion control platform 10, an ultrasonic vibration component, a two-dimensional electric displacement slide, a liquid immersion tank 40, and a force measurement module.

[0021] The ultrasonic vibration assembly, acting as the active actuator, is rigidly fixed to the sliding table of the linear motion control platform 10 via an L-shaped adapter plate 11. The ultrasonic vibration assembly includes an ultrasonic generator 21, a transducer 22, an amplitude transformer 23, and a diamond indenter 24 mounted at the end of the amplitude transformer 23, connected in sequence. The ultrasonic vibration assembly is fixed to the linear motion control platform 10 via the L-shaped adapter plate 11 and can perform linear scrubbing motion along the Y-axis under its drive. Specifically, one side of the L-shaped adapter plate 11 is connected to the platform slide, and the other side is fixed to the housing of the transducer 22, ensuring overall rigidity.

[0022] The linear motion control platform 10 and the ultrasonic vibration assembly work together to achieve the superposition of the main scratching motion and the ultrasonic auxiliary function. In this embodiment, the linear motion control platform 10 is driven by a high-precision AC servo motor with a repeatability of up to 0.5 μm. It is responsible for driving its slide and the entire ultrasonic vibration assembly fixed on it to perform precise linear feed motion along the Y-axis (i.e., the scratching length direction). The speed can be continuously adjusted within the range of 0-500 mm / s to simulate the actual cutting speed.

[0023] In the ultrasonic vibration assembly of this embodiment, the ultrasonic generator 21 converts 50Hz mains power into a 20kHz (or other specific frequency) high-frequency electrical signal, which drives the transducer 22 via a cable. The transducer 22 converts electrical energy into micro-amplitude mechanical vibrations of the same frequency based on the inverse piezoelectric effect. This vibration is amplified by the amplitude transformer 23 (typically a stepped or exponential design) and finally transmitted to the diamond indenter 24 at the end. In this embodiment, by adjusting the output power of the ultrasonic generator 21, the diamond indenter 24 can obtain a stable and adjustable output amplitude in a liquid environment, ranging from 2 to 8 μm. The amplitude transformer 23 is rigidly connected to the transducer 22 by bolts and to the diamond indenter 24 by precision threads to ensure efficient vibration transmission.

[0024] The two-dimensional electric displacement slide serves as both a worktable and a positioning mechanism, with the liquid immersion tank 40 fixedly mounted on its surface. The liquid immersion tank 40 is used to hold water-based cutting fluid, oil, or other liquid media under study, and can move along the X and Z axes as driven by it. During the scratch test, the diamond indenter 24 is positioned directly above the liquid immersion tank 40.

[0025] The two-dimensional electric displacement slide includes an X-axis drive unit 31, a Z-axis drive unit 32, a slide controller 33, and a load-bearing slider 34. The X-axis drive unit 31 and the Z-axis drive unit 32 are controlled by an independent slide controller 33 to drive the load-bearing slider 34 to perform precise displacement in the X-axis and Z-axis directions. In this embodiment, the maximum load of the load-bearing slider 34 is 8 kg, the stroke in the X-axis and Z-axis is 50 mm, the resolution is 1 μm, and the repeatability is 3 μm.

[0026] The immersion tank 40 is designed with an L-shaped structure, including a vertical connecting arm 41 and a horizontal cuboid tank body 42. The connecting arm 41 is fixed to the final slider of the two-dimensional slide table, allowing the entire immersion tank 40 to move precisely along the X-axis (scratching width direction) and Z-axis (scratching depth direction) with the slider. The tank body 42 is made of transparent acrylic or corrosion-resistant metal for easy observation. The three-dimensional force gauge 51 is rigidly fixed to the center of the bottom of the tank body 42 by screws or other means, and its measuring plane is parallel to the bottom of the tank, ensuring the rigidity of the force transmission path.

[0027] The force measurement module, as the core sensing end, includes a triaxial force gauge 51 fixedly mounted at the bottom of the liquid immersion tank 40, a charge amplifier connected to the force gauge via a cable, and a data acquisition unit 53. The workpiece to be tested can be fixed to the measuring surface of the triaxial force gauge 51 using a special fixture, ensuring complete immersion in the liquid medium.

[0028] The force measurement module is responsible for acquiring minute scratch force signals with high fidelity in a dynamic liquid environment. In this embodiment, the triaxial force gauge 51 adopts a force sensor based on the piezoelectric quartz crystal principle, which has the characteristics of high stiffness (>1 kN / μm), high natural frequency (>5 kHz) and high resolution. It can accurately measure the dynamic triaxial force (Fx, Fy, Fz) generated during liquid immersion scratching, while being insensitive to low-frequency liquid fluctuation interference.

[0029] The charge signal generated by the force sensor is transmitted through a low-noise cable to a charge amplifier, which converts the high-impedance charge signal into a low-impedance voltage signal and amplifies it to a suitable range for acquisition, effectively suppressing noise during transmission. The data acquisition unit 53 (such as a high-speed acquisition card) simultaneously acquires three voltage signals at a high sampling rate (e.g., 100 kHz) and transmits them to dedicated analysis software in a computer via USB or Ethernet.

[0030] This invention simulates a real machining environment using a liquid immersion tank 40, multi-axis coordinated motion control, and a high-frequency monitoring system. Then, by integrating a linear motion platform and a two-dimensional electric slide, precise control of the scribing speed and cutting depth is achieved. Furthermore, the frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic parameters are dynamically adjusted to compensate for the attenuation of ultrasonic energy by the liquid. Finally, a three-dimensional force gauge 51 is used to capture the cutting force corresponding to different burr projected areas under liquid immersion conditions in real time, revealing the burr generation and material removal mechanisms. This provides a highly reliable experimental platform for understanding the burr generation mechanism in ultrasonic-assisted machining under liquid immersion conditions.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, the method for conducting a scratch test using the above-mentioned device specifically includes the following steps: Step S1: Install and set the tool.

[0032] The workpiece is mounted and fixed on a three-dimensional force gauge 51 inside the immersion tank 40. Liquid medium is injected into the immersion tank 40 until the upper surface of the workpiece is completely submerged. The two-dimensional electric displacement slide is manually or program-controlled via the slide controller 33, first moving in the X-axis direction to bring the workpiece to be scratched area directly below the diamond indenter 24; then it slowly rises in the Z-axis direction while monitoring the Z-force (Fz) signal displayed on the computer. When Fz shows a small abrupt change (e.g., an increase of 5-10 mN), it indicates that the indenter has reached critical contact with the workpiece surface; this position is recorded as the Z-axis zero point. Subsequently, the slide is controlled to descend in the Z-axis direction by a preset value (e.g., 3 μm), which is the experimental cutting depth for this scratching operation.

[0033] Step S2: Activate ultrasonic vibration.

[0034] Start the ultrasonic generator 21. First, run ultrasonic vibration in air (liquid immersion tank 40 is empty), and use devices such as a laser displacement sensor to calibrate the amplitude of the diamond indenter 24 under different driving voltages, establishing a "voltage-air amplitude" reference curve. Then, inject liquid into the tank, monitor the amplitude under the same driving voltage (or indirectly evaluate it through force measurement signals), and establish a "voltage-liquid immersion amplitude" relationship. By comparison, determine the compensation voltage parameters required to achieve the target amplitude (e.g., 5 μm) in liquid immersion. In the formal scratching experiment, the ultrasonic generator 21 will operate with these compensation parameters to ensure the stability and accuracy of the ultrasonic auxiliary conditions.

[0035] Step S3: Perform a single-pass liquid immersion ultrasonic-assisted scrubbing.

[0036] Keep the two-dimensional electric displacement slide stationary (i.e., X and Z axis positions locked). Set the feed speed of the linear motion control platform 10 (e.g., 300 mm / s). Start the linear motion control platform 10 and the ultrasonic vibration assembly. The linear motion control platform 10 drives the vibrating diamond indenter 24 to uniformly sweep across the workpiece surface along the Y axis, completing one sweep. During a single sweep, the workpiece side (liquid immersion tank 40 and two-dimensional electric displacement slide) remains completely stationary to maximize the stability of the force measuring base.

[0037] Step S4: Synchronize data acquisition and storage.

[0038] During the rubbing process in step S3, the triaxial force gauge 51 senses the dynamic force signal in real time. After the signal is conditioned by the charge amplifier and digitized by the data acquisition unit 53, it is synchronously recorded and stored by the software in the computer along with the timestamp and position information from the motion controller.

[0039] Step S5: Multi-parameter experiments and mechanism analysis.

[0040] The force data collected by the computer was filtered, and the relationship between the changes in scratching speed and scratching depth and the changes in stress value during the scratching process was analyzed. Combined with the data such as the projected area, height and thickness of the edge burrs generated after the scratching experiment, the experimental study on the burr generation mechanism under liquid immersion conditions was completed.

[0041] In summary, the ultrasonic-assisted scratch testing device and method in a liquid environment provided by this invention, through the aforementioned integrated and systematic design and process control, achieves significant technical effects, specifically reflected in: This invention achieves high-fidelity and controllable simulation of the liquid immersion ultrasonic-assisted machining process. By constructing a closed liquid immersion tank 40 environment and innovatively introducing an "air-liquid" dual calibration and dynamic compensation mechanism, the energy attenuation problem of ultrasonic waves in liquid media is effectively overcome, enabling the diamond indenter 24 to stably output a preset amplitude (2-8μm) under liquid immersion conditions. This realistically and reliably reproduces the influence of the lubrication, cooling, and cavitation effects of cutting fluid on the material removal process in actual machining.

[0042] This invention overcomes the challenge of independent and precise control and coordinated matching of multiple process parameters in complex environments. Through an architectural design that separates the active scrubbing motion (Y-axis) from the workpiece positioning motion (X / Z-axis), it achieves decoupling and independent precise control of key parameters such as scrubbing speed, scrubbing depth, and ultrasonic amplitude. This enables researchers to systematically and quantitatively study the impact of single or multivariate coupling on processing results, greatly enhancing the scientific rigor of experimental design and the content of the data.

[0043] This invention solves the bottleneck of high-precision, high-signal-to-noise ratio real-time acquisition of microscopic mechanical signals in dynamic liquid immersion environments. By employing a high-rigidity, high-frequency response triaxial force gauge 51 based on piezoelectric principles, and combining it with a complete and optimized link from mechanical fixation to signal transmission and processing, environmental interference such as liquid fluctuations and cavitation noise is effectively suppressed. It can clearly and stably extract the triaxial dynamic cutting force signal reflecting the essence of the tool-workpiece interaction from complex backgrounds, providing a reliable data foundation for mechanism research.

[0044] Ultimately, this invention highly integrates environmental simulation, motion control, ultrasonic assistance, and precision measurement to construct an integrated and standardized research platform. This platform not only significantly improves the repeatability and efficiency of experiments, but also provides unprecedented, reliable, and efficient advanced experimental methods for deeply revealing the material removal mechanism and burr formation law in liquid immersion ultrasonic-assisted processing through streamlined and synchronized data acquisition and analysis. It possesses outstanding scientific research value and engineering application potential.

[0045] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic-assisted scratch testing device in a liquid environment, characterized in that, include: Linear motion control platform; An ultrasonic vibration assembly includes an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, an amplitude transformer, and a diamond indenter installed at the end of the amplitude transformer, connected in sequence. The ultrasonic vibration assembly is fixed on the linear motion control platform and can perform linear scrubbing motion along the Y-axis under its drive. Two-dimensional electric displacement slide; A liquid immersion tank, fixedly mounted on the two-dimensional electric displacement slide and capable of moving along the X and Z axes, is used to hold a liquid medium and immerse the workpiece to be tested; and, The force measurement module includes a triaxial force gauge fixedly installed at the bottom of the liquid immersion tank, a charge amplifier and a data acquisition unit connected to the signal of the triaxial force gauge; The diamond indenter is located above the liquid immersion tank, and its vibration direction and the linear scrubbing motion direction are both set along the Y-axis.

2. The ultrasonic-assisted scratch testing device in a liquid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic vibration assembly is fixed to the linear motion control platform via an L-shaped adapter plate. One side of the L-shaped adapter plate is connected to the linear motion control platform, and the other side is fixedly connected to the transducer or amplitude transformer.

3. The ultrasonic-assisted scratch testing device in a liquid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical signal output by the ultrasonic generator is converted into mechanical vibration by the transducer, and then amplified by the amplitude transformer and transmitted to the diamond indenter. The output amplitude of the diamond indenter in a liquid environment is adjustable in the range of 2-8 μm.

4. The ultrasonic-assisted scratch testing device in a liquid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two-dimensional electric displacement slide includes an X-axis drive unit, a Z-axis drive unit, a slide controller, and a carrier slider. The liquid immersion tank is installed on the carrier slider. The slide controller drives the carrier slider to make precise displacement in the X-axis and Z-axis directions by controlling the X-axis drive unit and the Z-axis drive unit.

5. The ultrasonic-assisted scratch testing device in a liquid environment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The immersion tank has an L-shaped structure, including a vertical connecting arm and a horizontal tank body. The connecting arm is fixedly connected to the bearing slider, and the three-dimensional force gauge is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tank body.

6. The ultrasonic-assisted scratch testing device in a liquid environment according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The triaxial force gauge is a force sensor based on the piezoelectric principle with high-frequency response characteristics.

7. A method for ultrasonic-assisted scratch testing in a liquid environment, implemented using the apparatus described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Install and set the tool; The workpiece is fixed on a three-dimensional force gauge in the immersion tank, and liquid is injected into the immersion tank until the workpiece is submerged; the two-dimensional electric displacement slide is controlled to move in the X and Z axes to pre-set the workpiece surface with the tip of the diamond indenter and set the scratching depth. Step S2: Activate ultrasonic vibration; Start the ultrasonic generator to drive the transducer and amplitude transformer to work, so that the diamond indenter generates high-frequency vibration along the Y-axis. Step S3: Perform the scratching experiment; A linear motion control platform drives a vibrating diamond indenter to perform linear feed rubbing motion along the Y-axis, simulating the actual cutting speed; during a single rubbing process, the two-dimensional electric displacement slide remains stationary; Step S4: Synchronously collect data; The triaxial dynamic cutting force signal generated during the scratching process is collected in real time by the triaxial force measuring instrument, and then transmitted to the computer after being converted by the charge amplifier and the data acquisition unit. Step S5: Data analysis and mechanism study; The collected force data were filtered and analyzed. Combined with the burr morphology observation data of the workpiece edge after the scratching experiment, the correspondence between process parameters and burr generation mechanism under liquid immersion ultrasonic assistance was studied.

8. The ultrasonic-assisted scratch test method in a liquid environment according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step 2 is described in detail below: When no liquid is injected into the immersion tank, the ultrasonic generator is started to run ultrasonic vibration in the air. The amplitude of the diamond indenter under different driving voltages is calibrated using a sensor to establish a driving voltage-air amplitude reference curve. Liquid is injected into the immersion tank, and the amplitude of the diamond indenter under immersion conditions is monitored under the same driving voltage sequence to establish the driving voltage-immersion amplitude relationship. By comparing the driving voltage-air amplitude reference curve with the driving voltage-liquid immersion amplitude relationship, the amplitude attenuation caused by the liquid medium is calculated, and the driving voltage compensation parameter required to achieve the target amplitude under liquid immersion conditions is determined. In the formal scratching experiment, the ultrasonic generator operates by calling the corresponding drive voltage compensation parameters according to the target amplitude.

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