An integrated hybrid battery power management system

Abstract

This invention relates to an integrated hybrid battery power management system, comprising a battery balancing management system, a DC-DC boost module, a first battery unit, a second battery unit, a positive output terminal, and a negative output terminal. The two battery units are connected in series, with the positive and negative terminals of the second battery unit respectively connected to the two ends of the boost module to boost the voltage and supply stable operating power to the load. The second battery unit is connected to the boost module to boost its voltage. When the load power exceeds the boost module's boost power, the battery balancing management system synchronously balances and controls the output power of the two battery units, which is then superimposed with the boosted voltage of the second battery unit to provide the load with superimposed current and power. Simultaneously, the two battery units can achieve efficient energy distribution and conversion under balanced control. The high power of the first battery unit and the boost power can be directly superimposed, improving the overall output power, performance, and efficiency of the hybrid battery, and enabling wide application in space-constrained scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery pack management system technology, and more specifically to an integrated hybrid battery power management system. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of energy storage technology, large-capacity battery cells are becoming increasingly common and cost-effective, leading to their widespread application due to their respective advantages. However, in practical applications, large-capacity battery cells sometimes have sufficient capacity but insufficient voltage. When higher voltage is required, multiple cells are connected in series to achieve the desired voltage, but this increases the cost of connecting multiple large-capacity cells in series. Balancing large capacity and high power is currently a challenge for battery packs.

[0003] To meet high voltage requirements, adding a boost module is one solution. Currently, the market offers the following types of boost solutions for large-capacity single-cell batteries: One approach is to use a boost converter, which directly increases the voltage of the battery. However, this approach has the following drawbacks: One drawback is that the instantaneous power of the boost scheme is insufficient. In other words, it meets the requirements of high voltage but cannot achieve high power, resulting in insufficient starting current during product operation and triggering protection.

[0004] The second drawback is that when the standby time is long, the boost voltage needs to be maintained for standby use, which results in high standby power consumption, low energy utilization efficiency, limited overall system performance, and high battery wear, preventing the product from being able to standby for a long time.

[0005] Disadvantage 3: This boosting solution requires long-term maintenance and high temperature, resulting in poor product stability.

[0006] II. Series connection scheme: This involves connecting multiple high-capacity batteries in series to increase the overall voltage and simultaneously meet the demand for continuous high-capacity power supply. Disadvantage 1: Connecting large-capacity batteries in series is costly, and after a period of use, the capacity, internal resistance, self-discharge rate, and voltage of each cell unit are inconsistent.

[0007] In addition, the current battery pack solutions on the market have poor collaborative control capabilities. For example, during the charging and discharging process of hybrid battery packs, it is impossible to reasonably allocate current according to the real-time status of different battery packs and boost modules as well as load requirements. This often results in one group of batteries being over-discharged while another group of batteries has a lot of remaining charge, or the boost module being overloaded, leading to excessively high temperatures and low energy utilization efficiency, thus limiting the overall performance of the system. The independent battery management system and boost module system cannot achieve information interaction and collaborative control. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, it is necessary to provide an integrated hybrid battery power management system that can simultaneously improve energy conversion efficiency and output power and can be coordinated and controlled.

[0009] An integrated hybrid battery power management system includes a battery equalization management system, a DC-DC boost module, a hybrid battery pack, a positive output terminal and a negative output terminal, wherein the hybrid battery pack includes a first battery unit and a second battery unit. The first battery unit is connected in series with the second battery unit. The positive terminal of the first battery unit is connected to the positive output terminal through a switch, while the negative terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the second battery unit and the positive input terminal of the DC-DC boost module. The second battery cell is connected to the DC-DC boost module for voltage boosting and has a large capacity to provide the load with a continuous and stable operating voltage and operating power under normal operating conditions; the first battery cell is a high-rate battery and is configured to provide the required additional power when the power demand of the load exceeds the operating power. During discharge, the DC-DC boost module operates in Boost mode to increase the voltage of the second battery cell. When the power required by the load is not higher than the boost power of the DC-DC boost module, the battery balancing management system controls the DC-DC boost module to continuously boost the voltage of the second battery cell to provide the output power required by the load. When the power required by the load is higher than the boost power of the DC-DC boost module, the battery balancing management system synchronously balances the output power of the first battery cell and the second battery cell, and the boost current and power of the DC-DC boost module to the second battery cell are superimposed with the current and power of the first battery cell to supply the load.

[0010] Furthermore, the DC-DC boost module has a positive input terminal, a positive output terminal, and a negative output terminal. The positive terminal of the second battery cell is connected to the positive input terminal of the DC-DC boost module, and the negative terminal of the second battery cell and the negative output terminal of the DC-DC boost module are synchronously connected to the negative output terminal.

[0011] Furthermore, the DC-DC boost module includes an energy storage inductor L1, a first MOSFET Q1, a semiconductor device, and a first capacitor C1. One end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected to the positive terminal of the second battery cell, and the other end is connected to the drain of the first MOSFET Q1 and the semiconductor device. The source of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the negative output terminal, and the first capacitor C1 is connected between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal. The semiconductor device is connected on the line between the first capacitor C1 and the positive output terminal to prevent the first capacitor C1 from flowing back to the positive terminal of the second battery cell.

[0012] Furthermore, the second battery unit is a high-capacity battery pack, and the DC-DC boost module is a constant power boost module, used to boost the voltage of the high-capacity battery pack to provide the load with a continuous and stable operating voltage and operating power under normal operating conditions.

[0013] Furthermore, the integrated hybrid battery power management system further includes a charging and discharging circuit; the charging and discharging circuit includes a first charging and discharging circuit and a second charging and discharging circuit; the first charging and discharging circuit includes a first charging and discharging switch, which is connected between the positive terminal of the first battery cell and the positive output terminal; the second charging and discharging circuit includes a second charging switch and a charging and discharging main switch, which is connected between the negative terminal of the second battery cell and the negative output terminal; the second charging switch is connected between the positive terminal of the second battery cell and the positive input terminal of the DC-DC boost module; the second charging switch is in an open state during charging so that an external power supply can charge the first battery cell and the second battery cell sequentially; the first charging and discharging circuit is used to open when the power required by the load is not higher than the boost power of the DC-DC boost module or when the load is in a stable working state, and to charge the first battery cell through the DC-DC boost module; the first battery charging and discharging switch and the charging and discharging main switch are in a closed state during discharging.

[0014] Furthermore, the battery equalization management system includes an active equalization chip MCU, a first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit, and a second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit. The first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit and the second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit are respectively connected to the battery equalization chip. During charging and discharging, the first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit and the second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit detect the current and voltage of the first battery cell and the second battery cell, respectively, and transmit the detected data to the active equalization chip MCU. The active equalization chip MCU sends control signals to the DC-DC boost module and the first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit and the second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit according to the voltage and current of each battery cell and the preset equalization control strategy, so as to equalize the output power of each cell in the series-connected first battery cell and the second battery cell to achieve overall equal output to the load. At the same time, the operating state of the DC-DC boost module is controlled by adjusting the relevant control signals.

[0015] Furthermore, the DC-DC boost module is in a stopped working mode during charging. A switching device is connected between the positive input terminal of the DC-DC boost module and the positive terminal of the second battery cell. The switching device is connected to the battery equalization management system so as to be turned on or off based on control commands.

[0016] Furthermore, during the discharge process, the first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit and the second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit collect and monitor the voltage, current and temperature of the corresponding battery cells in real time, and automatically allocate the boost power and the power of the first battery cell according to these parameters; during the charging and discharging process, the first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit and the second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit collect and monitor the voltage, current and temperature of the corresponding battery cells in real time, and dynamically adjust the charging and discharging current of the first battery cell and the second battery cell according to the real-time data.

[0017] Furthermore, the first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit also monitors the voltage, current and temperature of the boost module in real time, and dynamically adjusts the working mode and charging and discharging strategy of the DC-DC boost module according to these parameters to perform active equalization adjustment.

[0018] Furthermore, the first charge / discharge switch, the second charge switch, and the main charge / discharge switch are all MOS switches, and each switch is connected to the active balancing chip MCU in the battery balancing management system.

[0019] The aforementioned integrated hybrid battery power management system has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) The battery pack adopts a second battery unit (e.g., a large-capacity battery pack) and a first battery unit (e.g., a high-rate or high-rate battery pack) connected in series. The combination architecture of the second battery unit and the boost module can provide the stable voltage and stable working power required under normal working conditions, and maintain the stable power demand for a long time. The first battery unit is a high-rate or high-rate battery. When the power required by the load exceeds a certain range (e.g., exceeding the working power or the boost power of the boost module), the system automatically switches to the first battery unit and the boost module to supply power together, so as to provide the load with superimposed current and power to meet the high power demand of the load. This avoids long-term standby of high power or long-term high power consumption, and improves the output power while saving energy and reducing consumption. (2) The first battery unit and the second battery unit are controlled by a battery equalization management system (BMS) to achieve energy exchange between the first and second batteries, thereby further improving the energy conversion efficiency; (3) When the output power is below a certain range (such as when it is in working state or does not exceed the boost power), the second battery unit boosts the output power and constantly recharges the energy of the first battery unit. For example, in the discharge and standby states, the second battery unit replenishes the energy of the first battery unit in real time to prepare for the supply of high power loads at all times and improve energy utilization. (4) The two battery cells monitor parameters such as voltage, current and temperature in real time through the battery equalization management system, and dynamically adjust and optimize the charging and discharging process of the two battery cells according to these parameters to achieve efficient energy distribution and conversion, and achieve a more ideal equalization control of the two battery cells connected in series, thereby improving the performance and efficiency of the entire hybrid battery pack. (5) The first battery unit, the second battery unit and the boost module can be controlled in coordination under the battery equalization management system to improve the overall efficiency of the system and extend the battery life. The overall structure can be integrated into one unit, so as to be widely used in space-constrained application scenarios, such as two- and three-wheeled vehicles and high-power electric tools. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the framework structure of the main modules of an integrated hybrid battery power management system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a simplified circuit diagram of an integrated hybrid battery power management system during discharge, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a simplified circuit diagram of an integrated hybrid battery power management system during charging, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3This illustration shows an integrated hybrid battery power management system and its main circuitry according to an embodiment of the present invention. The system includes a battery balancing management system, a DC-DC boost module, a hybrid battery pack, a positive output terminal, and a negative output terminal. The hybrid battery pack includes a first battery cell and a second battery cell. The first battery cell and the second battery cell are connected in series. The positive terminal of the first battery cell is connected to the positive output terminal via a switch (i.e., a first battery charge / discharge switch), while the negative terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the second battery cell and the positive input terminal of the DC-DC boost module. The second battery cell is connected to the DC-DC boost module for voltage boosting and has a large capacity to provide a continuous and stable operating voltage and power to the load under normal operating conditions. The DC-DC boost module operates in Boost mode during discharge to increase the voltage of the second battery cell. When the power required by the load is not higher than the boost power of the DC-DC boost module, the battery balancing management system controls the DC-DC boost module to continuously boost the voltage of the second battery cell to provide the required output power to the load. When the power required by the load is higher than the boost power of the DC-DC boost module, the battery balancing management system synchronously balances the output power of the first and second battery cells. Simultaneously, the boost current and power of the DC-DC boost module to the second battery cell are superimposed with the current and power of the first battery cell to supply the load. Specifically, the first and second battery cells are battery packs, each comprising multiple cells connected in series. For example, both the first and second battery cells can be lithium battery packs. The first battery cell more preferably uses a ternary high-rate battery B1 or other high-rate battery, sometimes also called a high-rate battery. The capacity of the first battery cell is preferably 1-10 A / h, and the power range is preferably 1 kW-10 kW. During operation, the battery equalization management system continuously provides equalization control for each cell in the second battery unit and each cell in the first battery unit to achieve coordination in current and voltage between the two battery units connected in series, output power on demand, and provide it to the load.

[0025] like Figure 1As shown, the DC-DC boost module further includes a positive input terminal, a positive output terminal, and a negative output terminal. The positive terminal of the second battery cell is connected to the positive input terminal of the DC-DC boost module, and the negative terminal of the second battery cell and the negative output terminal of the DC-DC boost module are synchronously connected to the negative output terminal. Specifically, the DC-DC boost module includes an energy storage inductor L1, a first MOSFET Q1, a semiconductor device, and a first capacitor C1. One end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected to the positive terminal of the second battery cell, and the other end is connected to the drain of the first MOSFET Q1 and the semiconductor device. The source of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the negative output terminal, and the first capacitor C1 is connected between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal. The semiconductor device is connected on the line between the first capacitor C1 and the positive output terminal to prevent the first capacitor C1 from flowing back to the positive terminal of the second battery cell. As shown in the figure, the semiconductor device is preferably the first diode D1, which has a reverse cutoff function, that is, it allows the current to conduct in the forward direction. That is, the current can flow from the positive terminal of the second battery cell, through the inductor, through the first diode D1 to the positive terminal of the output, and when the load is powered by the first capacitor C1, it will not flow back to the positive terminal of the second battery cell.

[0026] Furthermore, the second battery unit is preferably a high-capacity battery B2, for example, a battery pack comprising multiple high-capacity cells. The DC-DC boost module is a constant-power boost module, used to boost the voltage of the high-capacity battery B2 to provide the load with a continuous and stable operating voltage and power under normal operating conditions. The first battery unit is a high-rate battery B1 and is configured to provide the required additional power when the power demand of the load exceeds the operating power. The high-rate battery B1 is also preferably a battery pack with multiple high-rate cells. Therefore, the high-capacity second battery unit provides stable and continuous operating power and voltage, enabling long-term power supply, while the first battery unit, the high-rate battery B1, can provide high power for short periods but not continuously, reducing energy consumption. This is mainly achieved when high power is required, with the battery balancing management system controlling the first battery unit and the boost module to supply power synchronously. Figure 2 As shown, arrow X1 indicates the direction of current supplied by the first battery unit, and arrow X2 indicates the direction of current supplied by the boost module. When high power is required, the two are superimposed and supplied synchronously.

[0027] Furthermore, the integrated hybrid battery power management system further includes a charging and discharging circuit; the charging and discharging circuit includes a first charging and discharging circuit and a second charging and discharging circuit; the first charging and discharging circuit includes a first charging and discharging switch, which is connected between the positive terminal of the first battery cell and the positive output terminal; the second charging and discharging circuit includes a second charging switch and a main charging and discharging switch, which is connected between the negative terminal of the second battery cell and the negative output terminal; the second charging switch is connected between the positive terminal of the second battery cell and the positive input terminal of the DC-DC boost module; the second charging switch is in an open state during charging so that an external power source can charge the first battery cell and the second battery cell sequentially; the first charging and discharging circuit is used to open when the power required by the load is not higher than the boost power of the DC-DC boost module or when the load is in a stable operating state, and to charge the first battery cell through the DC-DC boost module; the first battery charging and discharging switch and the main charging and discharging switch are in a closed state during discharging. As shown in the figure, the first charging and discharging circuit includes a first switching element, namely the first battery charging and discharging switch; the figure shows two first switching elements SW1 and SW2, which improves safety and reliability. The second charging and discharging circuit includes a fifth switching element SW5, which is the second charging switch. Each switching element can be a MOSFET or a relay switch, etc. Each switching element is connected to the battery equalization management system, for example, to the active balancing chip MCU of the battery equalization management system, so that the charging and discharging operation can be controlled by the active balancing chip MCU.

[0028] Furthermore, the battery equalization management system includes an active equalization chip (MCU), a first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit, and a second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit. The first and second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuits are respectively connected to the battery equalization chip. During charging and discharging, the first and second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuits detect the current and voltage of the first and second battery cells, respectively, and transmit the detected data to the active equalization chip (MCU). The active equalization chip (MCU) sends control signals to the DC-DC boost module, the first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit, and the second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit based on the voltage and current of each battery cell and a pre-set equalization control strategy. This balances the output power of each cell in the series-connected first and second battery cells to achieve overall balanced output to the load. Simultaneously, it controls the operating state of the DC-DC boost module by adjusting relevant control signals. The equalization control strategy primarily addresses situations where the capacities of the cells in the first and second battery cells are different. It allows for specific equalization control of the capacity conversion of each cell, preventing inconsistencies in cell capacity, voltage, and internal resistance that could lead to incomplete charging, incomplete discharging, and low energy utilization.

[0029] Furthermore, the DC-DC boost module operates in a stopped mode during charging. A switching device is connected between the positive input terminal of the DC-DC boost module and the positive terminal of the second battery cell. This switching device is connected to the battery equalization management system for switching on or off based on control commands. Figure 3 As shown, the switching device is the fifth switching element SW5, which can be a MOSFET or a relay switch, etc. The system also includes a main charge / discharge switch, i.e., the overall battery charge / discharge switch in the diagram, such as the third switching element SW3 and / or the fourth switching element SW4, which are also MOSFETs or relay switches, etc. The fifth switching element SW5 acts as a switching switch for the charging switch. When the fifth switching element SW5 is closed, it indicates a discharging state; when the fifth switching element SW5 is open, it indicates a charging state. In this state, the DC-DC boost module is disconnected or not operating, and the two battery cells are directly charged externally.

[0030] Furthermore, during discharge, the first and second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuits monitor the voltage, current, and temperature of the corresponding battery cells in real time and automatically allocate the boost power and the power of the first battery cell based on these parameters. The active equalization chip (MCU) continuously monitors these parameters and dynamically adjusts and optimizes them to achieve efficient energy distribution and conversion, and activates active equalization in real time to improve the performance and efficiency of the entire hybrid battery pack. During charging and discharging, the first and second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuits monitor the voltage, current, and temperature of the corresponding battery cells in real time and dynamically adjust the charging and discharging currents of the first and second battery cells based on the real-time data to achieve consistency in the current of the two battery cells connected in series.

[0031] In addition to monitoring parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of each battery cell, the first battery voltage acquisition and balancing circuit also monitors the voltage, current, and temperature of the boost module in real time, and dynamically adjusts the operating mode and charging / discharging strategy of the DC-DC boost module based on these parameters for active balancing. Specifically, the first battery voltage acquisition and balancing circuit not only acquires parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of the second battery cell, but also uses parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of the DC-DC boost module to adjust the boost voltage and other operating states in a timely manner.

[0032] The operation of an integrated hybrid battery power management system according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows.

[0033] 1. Discharge process like Figure 2As shown, when the system discharges, the DC-DC boost module operates in Boost mode. The second battery cell's voltage, boosted by the Boost converter, is the same as the series voltage of the second battery cell. The first battery cell's charging and discharging switching elements SW1 and SW2, and the system's charging and discharging MOS, such as the third and fourth switching elements SW3 and SW4, close the circuit. Depending on the high power demand of the load, the following situations are distinguished: (1) When the power output of the system with load is lower than the constant power boost power (i.e. the boost power of the DC-DC boost module), the load can be powered by the DC-DC boost module. Therefore, the large-capacity second battery unit is always powered by the boost power mode of the constant power DC-DC boost module, while the first battery unit is reverse-charged, providing energy to the first battery unit at all times.

[0034] (2) When the power of the load is higher than the constant power Boost boost power, for example, when the load starts up, it requires a high instantaneous power. At this time, the first battery unit, the second battery unit and the boost module are powered together. Since the first battery unit is a high-rate cell, the superimposed high-capacity second battery unit, the two are connected in series to release a large current to drive the load, so as to realize the system discharge and solve the problem of high voltage and high current discharge.

[0035] (3) When there is no load on the system output, the boost module reverse charges the first battery unit to replenish energy. After completion, the boost module enters standby and stops working.

[0036] During this process, the Battery Management System (BMS) monitors the current of each battery cell. Specifically, the first and second battery voltage acquisition and balancing circuits monitor the voltage of each battery cell in real time and transmit the data to the Active Balancing Chip (MCU). Based on the battery voltage, current, and a pre-set balancing control strategy, the MCU sends control signals to the DC-DC boost module and the Active Balancing Circuit (i.e., the first and second battery voltage acquisition and balancing circuits). By adjusting the relevant control signal (BOOST_CTL), the boost module boosts the voltage of the second battery cell to a higher voltage suitable for the first battery cell and the load, providing a stable power output to the external load. Throughout this process, the system also monitors battery parameters such as voltage to ensure a stable and safe discharge process. For details regarding the specific circuitry and parameter control of the Battery Management System (BMS), please refer to the utility model patent filed by the same applicant on March 6, 2023, entitled "A Lithium Battery Protection and Balance Control Chip Circuit and Chip," application number 2023205110178, publication number CN 219329631 U. All content related to the protection and balancing of the battery management system in that patent application is cited in this application.

[0037] 2. Charging process When charging the system, such as Figure 3 As shown, the DC-DC boost module operates in standby mode, therefore... Figure 3 The structure of the boost module is omitted. The first battery charge / discharge switch (i.e., the first switching elements SW1 and SW2) is omitted. Figure 3 The circuits of the system charge / discharge MOS switch (i.e., the third switching element SW3 and / or the fourth switching element SW4) are closed. For example... Figure 3 As shown by arrows X3 and X4, the external charging power supply directly charges the series-connected battery pack consisting of two charging units. Since the first battery unit is a small-capacity battery and the second battery unit is a large-capacity battery B2, the first battery unit will be fully charged first. At this point, the BMS's active balancing chip MCU detects that the first battery unit is fully charged and sends a control signal to turn off the charging of the first battery unit through the first charge / discharge MOS switch (i.e., the first switching element, SW1 or SW2). Simultaneously, the second charge / discharge MOS switch (i.e., the fifth switching element SW5) turns on to charge the large-capacity battery pack B2 until the second battery unit is fully charged. Then, the BMS's active balancing chip MCU's main charge / discharge switch (i.e., the third switching element SW3 and / or the fourth switching element SW4) turns off the system charging. During this process, the BMS also monitors parameters such as the battery pack voltage. If a voltage difference occurs, it will actively activate balancing to ensure a stable and safe discharge process. This ensures that the battery pack receives a suitable charging voltage, avoiding undercharging or overcharging, and also improves charging efficiency and reduces energy loss during the conversion process.

[0038] 3. Monitoring and Protection The system monitors parameters such as battery pack voltage, current, load power, and temperature in real time and transmits this information to the active balancing chip (MCU). The MCU then performs protective control on the corresponding battery cells based on preset protection thresholds. For example, when the temperature of a battery pack is too high or too low, the MCU can take appropriate measures, such as adjusting the charging or discharging power, or even suspending charging and discharging operations, to protect the safety of the battery pack.

[0039] To illustrate the specific implementation process of the equilibrium control strategy, this embodiment provides the following data, please refer to Table 1-1 below. Table 1-1 Active Equalization Test Data

[0040] As shown in Table 1-1, the larger the battery voltage difference, the larger the equalization current. This indicates that in actual use, due to differences in battery consistency, a voltage difference is generated during charging and discharging, and the larger the voltage difference, the larger the equalization current.

[0041] To illustrate the actual effect of the equalization function during battery pack charging and discharging, please refer to Table 1-2 below.

[0042] Table 1-2 Comparison data of four groups of 20A / h tiered batteries with equalization modules after 10 cycles.

[0043] The combined function of the DC-DC boost module and the first battery unit is illustrated in Table 1-3 below. The data in the table shows that the DC-DC boost module provides a substantially constant current and boost voltage, i.e., a substantially constant power. Under stable operating conditions, this constant power is sufficient to meet the load's power requirements. However, when the load power demand increases, the first battery unit is activated. The second battery unit, after being boosted by the DC-DC boost module, is then superimposed on the first battery unit. This fully utilizes the high-rate power supply of the first battery unit, increasing the system's output current and achieving higher power output.

[0044] Table 1-3 Current and voltage data under discharge conditions

[0045] Based on the data above, the active balancing chip has the following advantages: 1. Significantly increased capacity for batteries with poor consistency. With active balancing, after ten balancing cycles, the capacity increase with active balancing is +32% to +45%, while the capacity increase without active balancing is 25%. This shows that the capacity increase is greater after active balancing, the battery capacity grows faster, and the final capacity is higher. This indicates that the active balancing chip in this embodiment can more fully tap the overall capacity potential of the battery pack.

[0046] 2. Good consistency in discharge terminal voltage difference control. The battery with active balancing decreases the voltage drop faster and has a smaller final voltage drop, indicating that the active balancing chip MCU can improve the consistency between individual cells.

[0047] After the fifth equilibration, the pressure difference with active equilibration has dropped to the 200-250 mV range, while that without active equilibration remains in the 400-600 mV range, demonstrating faster equilibration efficiency.

[0048] 3. Cyclic stability With active balancing: After the fifth balancing, the capacity of the tiered battery is basically stable at 18.3~18.4 Ah, and the voltage difference is stable at 200~250 mV, with minimal fluctuations.

[0049] Features: Batteries with a balancing module are more stable during use and have a longer lifespan.

[0050] Therefore, the active balancing chip in this embodiment can improve battery pack consistency, lifespan, and available capacity.

[0051] As can be seen from the above, the integrated hybrid battery power management system of the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Power Boost Existing boost DC-DC technology cannot achieve the same high-power output as a battery. This invention addresses this by combining the boost power with the voltage of a high-rate first battery cell, enabling high-power load output. During discharge, this invention automatically allocates the boost power and the power of the first battery cell. Simultaneously, the BMS (Battery Management System) monitors and collects parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of both battery cells in real time, dynamically adjusting and optimizing the charging and discharging process based on these parameters. This achieves efficient energy distribution and conversion. Furthermore, it activates active balancing in real time, thereby improving the overall performance and efficiency of the hybrid battery cell.

[0052] 2. Significantly improved collaborative control capabilities In existing technologies, traditional independent management systems cannot achieve information interaction and collaborative control between battery cells, resulting in unreasonable energy distribution and limited overall system performance. This invention employs an integrated battery management system, which simultaneously monitors and manages the status of each battery cell and the boost module within a single balancing system. It can dynamically adjust the charging and discharging currents of both based on real-time data, ensuring that the advantages of the large-capacity battery B2 and the high-rate battery B1 are fully utilized under different operating conditions. This achieves optimal energy distribution, significantly improves the system's energy utilization efficiency, and greatly enhances output power.

[0053] 3. High-efficiency energy conversion and management, low standby power consumption In existing technologies, without changing the design of existing products, traditional boost converters require continuous boost operation during standby. Without boosting, the output voltage is too low, preventing the product from functioning properly; boosting is essential for operation. Continuously maintaining boost operation leads to high power consumption, depleting a fully charged battery quickly. This invention employs a series connection of the first and second battery cells. Without altering the existing product design, the boost module is completely shut down during standby. The series voltage of the first and second battery cells allows existing market products to operate normally, solving the problem of high power consumption associated with boost converters.

[0054] 4. High-efficiency energy conversion and management In existing technologies, traditional independent management systems lack DC-DC control functionality or have insufficient control precision, resulting in low energy conversion efficiency and significant energy loss during transmission. This invention, through an integrated battery management system, precisely controls the power supply to the DC-DC boost module. During discharge, it efficiently boosts the voltage, converting the low voltage of the second battery cell to a suitable high voltage for the load, while simultaneously recharging the first battery cell to replenish energy and maintaining a constant power output for extended periods. During charging, it precisely reduces the voltage, providing the second battery cell with a suitable charging voltage. This efficient energy conversion mechanism significantly reduces energy loss, improves the overall system efficiency, and extends the battery cell lifespan.

[0055] 5. High system integration and enhanced reliability In existing technologies, boost converters operate at high power with high temperatures, leading to poor product stability. Independent management systems and dispersed energy conversion modules result in low system integration, increasing device size and weight, and reducing system reliability and maintainability. This invention unifies the management of the lithium battery cells and boost converter module, automatically allocating power and achieving a truly integrated design. This highly integrated solution not only reduces the system's physical size and weight but also lowers system complexity and improves reliability and maintainability. It is particularly suitable for space-constrained applications, such as two- and three-wheeled vehicles and high-power power tools.

[0056] 6. Highly adaptable and widely applicable. In existing technologies, simple combined management systems struggle to adapt to the characteristics of a combination of a high-capacity first battery cell, a small-capacity, high-rate second battery cell, and a boost module, making it impossible to formulate reasonable control strategies based on battery characteristics. The integrated battery management system of this invention, through precise control algorithms and flexible energy management strategies, can dynamically adjust the operating states of the lithium battery cells and boost module according to the needs of different application scenarios. Whether in devices requiring high energy output or systems requiring high voltage support, this invention achieves complementary advantages between the two battery types, exhibiting broad applicability and flexibility.

[0057] 7. Real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment In existing technologies, some management systems do not provide comprehensive monitoring of battery status and cannot respond to changes in battery status in real time, leading to performance degradation under complex operating conditions. The integrated battery management system of this invention can monitor key parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of the lithium battery cells and boost modules in real time, and dynamically adjust the operating mode and charging / discharging strategy of the DC-DC boost module based on these parameters, while the active balancing chip constantly adjusts. This real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment capability ensures stable system operation under various conditions, further improving system safety and stability.

[0058] 8. High cost-effectiveness In existing technologies, low system integration necessitates multiple independent management systems and complex energy conversion modules, leading to high equipment costs. This invention primarily employs series-connected battery cells and a boost module, facilitating the integration of these modules into a single structure. This reduces the number and complexity of hardware components, and the use of large-capacity individual battery cells lowers material and production costs. Simultaneously, efficient energy conversion and optimized charge / discharge management extend the battery cell's lifespan, reducing battery replacement frequency and further lowering long-term operating costs. This cost-effectiveness makes this invention highly valuable in large-scale applications such as two- and three-wheeled vehicles and power tools.

[0059] Through the innovative technical means of the above embodiments, the present invention not only solves the shortcomings of the prior art, such as poor collaborative control capability, low energy conversion efficiency, low system integration and high cost, but also achieves higher system efficiency, stronger adaptability and lower operating costs, and has significant technical advantages and broad application prospects.

[0060] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Based on the inventive spirit of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make other changes, and these changes made in accordance with the inventive spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated hybrid battery power management system, comprising a battery balancing management system, a DC-DC boost module, a hybrid battery pack, a positive output terminal, and a negative output terminal, characterized in that, The hybrid battery pack includes a first battery cell and a second battery cell; The first battery unit is connected in series with the second battery unit. The positive terminal of the first battery unit is connected to the positive output terminal through a switch, while the negative terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the second battery unit and the positive input terminal of the DC-DC boost module. The second battery unit is connected to the DC-DC boost module for boosting voltage and has a large capacity to provide the load with a continuous and stable operating voltage and operating power under normal operating conditions. The first battery unit is a high-rate battery and is configured to provide the required additional power when the power demand of the load exceeds the operating power. The battery balancing management system is electrically connected to the first battery unit and the second battery unit respectively to collect the voltage of individual cells in real time for status monitoring, and to regulate the charging and discharging of each cell based on a predetermined balancing control strategy. The DC-DC boost module operates in Boost mode during discharge to increase the voltage of the second battery unit. When the power required by the load is not higher than the boost power of the DC-DC boost module, the battery balancing management system controls the DC-DC boost module to continuously boost the voltage of the second battery unit to provide the output power required by the load. When the power required by the load is higher than the boost power of the DC-DC boost module, the battery balancing management system synchronously balances and controls the output power of the first battery unit and the second battery unit respectively. At the same time, the boost current and power of the DC-DC boost module to the second battery unit are superimposed with the current and power of the first battery unit to supply the load.

2. The integrated hybrid battery power management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The DC-DC boost module has a positive input terminal, a positive output terminal, and a negative output terminal. The positive terminal of the second battery cell is connected to the positive input terminal of the DC-DC boost module, and the negative terminal of the second battery cell and the negative output terminal of the DC-DC boost module are synchronously connected to the negative output terminal.

3. The integrated hybrid battery power management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The DC-DC boost module includes an energy storage inductor L1, a first MOSFET Q1, a semiconductor device, and a first capacitor C1. One end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected to the positive terminal of the second battery cell, and the other end is connected to the drain of the first MOSFET Q1 and the semiconductor device. The source of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the negative output terminal. The first capacitor C1 is connected between the positive and negative output terminals. The semiconductor device is connected in the line between the first capacitor C1 and the positive output terminal to prevent the first capacitor C1 from backflowing into the positive terminal of the second battery cell.

4. An integrated hybrid battery power management system as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The second battery unit is a high-capacity battery pack, and the DC-DC boost module is a constant power boost module, used to boost the voltage of the high-capacity battery pack to provide the load with a continuous and stable operating voltage and operating power under normal operating conditions.

5. An integrated hybrid battery power management system as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The integrated hybrid battery power management system further includes a charging and discharging circuit; the charging and discharging circuit includes a first charging and discharging circuit and a second charging and discharging circuit; the first charging and discharging circuit includes a first charging and discharging switch, which is connected between the positive terminal of the first battery cell and the positive output terminal; the second charging and discharging circuit includes a second charging switch and a charging and discharging main switch, which is connected between the negative terminal of the second battery cell and the negative output terminal; the second charging switch is connected between the positive terminal of the second battery cell and the positive input terminal of the DC-DC boost module; the second charging switch is in an open state during charging so that an external power supply can charge the first battery cell and the second battery cell sequentially; the first charging and discharging circuit is used to open when the power required by the load is not higher than the boost power of the DC-DC boost module or when the load is in a stable working state, and to charge the first battery cell through the DC-DC boost module; the first battery charging and discharging switch and the charging and discharging main switch are in a closed state during discharging.

6. The integrated hybrid battery power management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The battery equalization management system includes an active equalization chip MCU, a first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit, and a second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit. The first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit and the second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit are respectively connected to the battery equalization chip. During the charging and discharging process, the first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit and the second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit detect the current and voltage of the first battery cell and the second battery cell, respectively, and transmit the detected data to the active equalization chip MCU. The active equalization chip MCU sends control signals to the DC-DC boost module, the first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit, and the second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit according to the voltage and current of each battery cell and the preset equalization control strategy, so as to equalize the output power of each cell in the first battery cell and the second battery cell connected in series to achieve overall equal output to the load. At the same time, the operating state of the DC-DC boost module is controlled by adjusting the relevant control signals.

7. The integrated hybrid battery power management system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The DC-DC boost module is in a stopped working mode during charging. A switching device is connected between the positive input terminal of the DC-DC boost module and the positive terminal of the second battery cell. The switching device is connected to the battery equalization management system so as to turn it on or off based on control commands.

8. The integrated hybrid battery power management system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, During discharge, the first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit and the second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit collect and monitor the voltage, current and temperature of the corresponding battery cells in real time, and automatically allocate the boost power and the power of the first battery cell according to these parameters; during charging and discharging, the first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit and the second battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit collect and monitor the voltage, current and temperature of the corresponding battery cells in real time, and dynamically adjust the charging and discharging current of the first battery cell and the second battery cell according to the real-time data.

9. The integrated hybrid battery power management system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The first battery voltage acquisition and equalization circuit also monitors the voltage, current and temperature of the boost module in real time, and dynamically adjusts the working mode and charging and discharging strategy of the DC-DC boost module according to these parameters to perform active equalization adjustment.

10. The integrated hybrid battery power management system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The first charge / discharge switch, the second charge switch, and the main charge / discharge switch are all MOS switches, and each switch is connected to an active balancing chip MCU in the battery balancing management system.

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