A beamsplitting phase shifting optical system

Abstract

The application discloses a beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system, which comprises at least one waveguide structure; the waveguide structure comprises a coupling-in section, two coupling-out sections and at least one set of beam-splitting phase-shifting sections; the two coupling-out sections are arranged along a first direction, and the beam-splitting phase-shifting sections are located between the two coupling-out sections along the first direction. By adopting the technical scheme, the waveguide structure comprises the coupling-in section and the two coupling-out sections, and the two coupling-out sections are oppositely arranged on the two sides of the beam-splitting phase-shifting sections, so that the light beam expansion can be realized through the beam-splitting phase-shifting sections, and the double-side coupling-out can be realized at the same time. The double-side coupling-out scheme is simple. The light rays emitted by the two coupling-out sections are adapted to binoculars, the binoculars can obtain the light rays, and the binoculars do not need to be combined, so that the imaging effect is improved, the difficulty of assembling and adjusting the optical path system is reduced, the structure of the optical path system is simplified, the optical path system with a small size can be realized, and the cost of the optical path system is reduced.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of patent application number 202511912807.7 (the original application was filed on December 17, 2025, and the invention was entitled "A Beam-Splitting Phase-Shifting Optical Path System"). Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of optical system technology, and in particular to a beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system. Background Technology

[0003] Augmented Reality (AR) technology integrates virtual information with real-world scenes through optical display systems to achieve human-computer interaction. It is primarily used in near-eye displays (NED) and head-up displays (HUD). Current common AR display solutions include freeform prisms, off-axis mirrors, and waveguide technology. Among these, freeform prisms are limited by optical path length, making ultra-thin designs difficult to achieve; off-axis mirrors face challenges in correcting asymmetric aberrations; and waveguide technology, with its compact structure and near-glasses form factor, has become the mainstream solution. It achieves directional beam extension through three stages: coupling in, total internal reflection (TIR) ​​transmission, and coupling out. Figure 1 As shown, the specific process is as follows: A light beam emitted from a microdisplay (such as LCD / micro-OLED / micro-LED / LCoS / DLP / LBS, etc.) is coupled into a waveguide via coupling elements (such as prisms / mirrors / diffraction gratings, etc.). The beam propagates within the waveguide via total internal reflection (TIR). It then exits through coupling elements (such as surface relief gratings / volume holographic gratings / beam-splitters, etc.) and enters the human eye. Simultaneously, light from the real world also enters the eye via optical see-through (OST), achieving a fusion of virtual and real worlds. AR technology has significant application value in entertainment, social networking, navigation, healthcare, and military fields.

[0004] Existing waveguide pupil expansion schemes are divided into one-dimensional pupil expansion waveguides and two-dimensional pupil expansion waveguides, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown. Both have the following bottlenecks: One-dimensional pupil-expanding waveguides: large optical engine volume (volume > 1cc) and high weight (> 10g), leading to discomfort when worn and limitations in industrial design. While two-dimensional pupil-expanding waveguides can reduce volume, they have the following drawbacks: in diffraction waveguides: low diffraction efficiency in the transition region (< 50%) and zero-order optical loss (> 30%), requiring an optical engine brightness ≥ 1,000,000 nits, forcing the use of high-cost Micro LED or low-quality LCoS / LBS solutions. Existing beam-expanding technologies cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of high optical efficiency (> 25%), small volume (optical engine ≤ 0.5cc), and low cost. Furthermore, existing beam-expanding technologies require binocular image merging after beam expansion; otherwise, mismatch between the left and right eye images can easily occur, affecting the imaging effect.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an augmented reality display solution that has good display effect, small size, light weight, low cost and good binocular fusion effect to meet the needs of AR display. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on this, the present invention provides a beam splitting phase-shifting optical path system to solve the problems of high optomechanical costs in optical waveguide beam extension in the prior art, while achieving small size, high optical efficiency and good binocular imaging effect.

[0007] This application provides a beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system, including at least one waveguide structure; The waveguide structure includes an input section, two output sections, and at least one beam-shifting section. The two coupled-out portions are arranged along a first direction, and along the first direction, the beam-splitting phase-shifting portion is located between the two coupled-out portions.

[0008] Optionally, the beam splitting phase shifting section includes at least one stage of beam splitting phase shifting module, and each stage of the beam splitting phase shifting module includes at least one beam splitting unit and at least one reflection unit; the beam splitting unit and the reflection unit in the same beam splitting phase shifting module are arranged along a second direction, which intersects with the first direction; Along the second direction, the coupling segment is located on one side of the beam-splitting phase-shifting segment.

[0009] Optionally, at least one of the beam splitting phase shifting modules includes a first-stage beam splitting phase shifting module, wherein the first-stage beam splitting phase shifting module includes at least one first beam splitting unit and at least one first reflection unit; The beam splitting phase-shifting optical path system also includes a first incident beam; The first beam splitter is located on the propagation path of the first incident beam, and there is an intersection between the plane where the first beam splitter is located and the plane where the first reflection unit is located.

[0010] Optionally, the beam-splitting phase-shifting section includes an odd number of beam-splitting phase-shifting modules.

[0011] Optionally, the odd-numbered-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes the first-level beam splitting phase shifting module, which includes a first-level A beam splitting phase shifting module; the first-level A beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level A beam splitting unit; The two coupling segments include a first coupling segment and a second coupling segment. The first coupling segment is located on the propagation path of the anti-first beam of the first beam splitter unit, and the second coupling segment is located on the propagation path of the second beam of the first beam splitter unit.

[0012] Optionally, the odd-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level beam splitting phase shifting module, a second-level beam splitting phase shifting module, and a third-level beam splitting phase shifting module; the first-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level A beam splitting phase shifting module; the first-level A beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level A beam splitting unit; The two coupling sections include a first coupling section and a second coupling section; The second-stage beam splitting phase shifting module is located in the optical path between the first beam splitting beam of the first beam splitting unit and the first coupling output portion, and the third-stage beam splitting phase shifting module is located in the optical path between the second beam splitting beam of the first beam splitting unit and the second coupling output portion.

[0013] Optionally, the second-stage beam splitting phase shifting module includes a second beam splitting unit and a second reflection unit, and the third-stage beam splitting phase shifting module includes a third beam splitting unit and a third reflection unit; The first beam splitter unit A is located on the propagation path of the first incident beam. The first beam splitter unit A's first beam splitter beam is incident on the second beam splitter unit. Part of the first beam splitter beam is transmitted through the second beam splitter unit and then exits. Part of the first beam splitter beam is reflected by the second beam splitter unit and then reflected by the second reflection unit and then exits. The second beam splitter unit A's second beam splitter beam is incident on the first reflection unit. Part of the second beam splitter beam is reflected by the first reflection unit and then transmitted through the third beam splitter unit and then exits. Part of the second beam splitter beam is reflected by the first reflection unit, the third beam splitter unit, and then reflected by the third reflection unit and then exits.

[0014] Optionally, the first beam splitting unit A includes a transmission-reflection beam splitting unit or a polarization beam splitting unit, the second beam splitting unit includes a transmission-reflection beam splitting unit, and the third beam splitting unit includes a transmission-reflection beam splitting unit.

[0015] Optionally, the beam-splitting phase-shifting section includes an even number of beam-splitting phase-shifting modules.

[0016] Optionally, the even-numbered beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level beam splitting phase shifting module and a fourth-level beam splitting phase shifting module; the first-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level B beam splitting phase shifting module, which includes a first B beam splitting unit, a second B beam splitting unit, and a first reflection unit, wherein the planes of the first B beam splitting unit, the second B beam splitting unit, and the first reflection unit intersect; The first beam splitter unit is located on the propagation path of the first incident beam, and the second beam splitter unit and the first reflection unit are located sequentially on the propagation path of the transmitted beam of the first beam splitter unit. The fourth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module includes a fourth beam splitting unit and a fourth reflection unit, which are located sequentially on the propagation path of the reflected beam from the first beam splitting unit.

[0017] Optionally, the plane where the first beam splitter unit B is located is arranged parallel to the plane where the second beam splitter unit B is located and the plane where the fourth beam splitter unit is located, and intersects with the plane where the first reflection unit is located; The plane where the fourth beam splitter unit is located intersects with the plane where the fourth reflection unit is located; The two coupling sections include a first coupling section and a second coupling section; The transmitted beam from the first beam splitter unit is reflected by the second beam splitter unit and then coupled out from the second coupling portion; after being transmitted by the second beam splitter unit and reflected by the first reflection unit, it is coupled out from the first coupling portion. The reflected beam from the first beam splitter unit is transmitted through the fourth beam splitter unit and then coupled out from the second coupling portion. After being reflected by the fourth beam splitter unit and the fourth reflection unit, it is coupled out from the first coupling portion.

[0018] Optionally, the plane where the first beam splitter unit B is located intersects with the plane where the second beam splitter unit B is located, intersects with the plane where the first reflection unit is located, and is arranged parallel to the plane where the fourth beam splitter unit is located. The plane where the fourth beam splitter is located is parallel to the plane where the fourth reflection unit is located; The two coupling sections include a first coupling section and a second coupling section; The transmitted beam from the first beam splitter unit B is reflected by the second beam splitter unit B and then coupled out from the first coupling-out portion; after being transmitted by the second beam splitter unit B and reflected by the first reflection unit B, it is coupled out from the first coupling-out portion. The reflected beam from the first beam splitter unit is transmitted through the fourth beam splitter unit and then coupled out from the second coupling portion. After being reflected by the fourth beam splitter unit and the fourth reflection unit, it is coupled out from the second coupling portion.

[0019] Optionally, the first beam splitter unit and the fourth reflection unit are arranged coplanarly.

[0020] Optionally, the even-numbered beam splitting phase shifting modules may further include a fifth-level beam splitting phase shifting module and a sixth-level beam splitting phase shifting module; The fifth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module is located in the optical path between the first-stage beam splitting phase shifting module and the first coupling output section, and the sixth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module is located in the optical path between the fourth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module and the second coupling output section; The fifth-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a fifth A beam splitting unit, a fifth B beam splitting unit, a fifth A reflection unit, and a fifth B reflection unit; The sixth-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a sixth-level beam splitting unit (A), a sixth-level beam splitting unit (B), a sixth-level reflection unit (A), and a sixth-level reflection unit (B). The partially reflected beam from the first reflecting unit is transmitted through the fifth beam splitter and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. The partially reflected beam from the first reflecting unit is reflected by the fifth beam splitter and then by the fifth reflecting unit and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. The partially reflected beam reflected by the fourth reflection unit is transmitted through the fifth beam splitter unit and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. The partially reflected beam reflected by the fourth reflection unit is reflected by the fifth beam splitter unit and then reflected by the fifth reflection unit and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. The partially reflected beam reflected by the second beam splitter unit B is transmitted through the sixth beam splitter unit A and then coupled out from the second coupling portion. The partially reflected beam reflected by the second beam splitter unit B is reflected by the sixth beam splitter unit A and then coupled out from the second coupling portion after being reflected by the sixth reflection unit A. The portion of the transmitted beam transmitted through the fourth beam splitter is transmitted through the sixth beam splitter and then coupled out from the second coupling portion. The portion of the transmitted beam transmitted through the fourth beam splitter is reflected by the sixth beam splitter and the sixth reflection unit and then coupled out from the second coupling portion.

[0021] Optionally, the even-numbered beam splitting phase shifting modules further include a seventh-level beam splitting phase shifting module, an eighth-level beam splitting phase shifting module, a ninth-level beam splitting phase shifting module, and a tenth-level beam splitting phase shifting module; The seventh-level beam splitting phase shift module and the eighth-level beam splitting phase shift module are both located in the optical path between the first-level beam splitting phase shift module and the first coupling output section, and the ninth-level beam splitting phase shift module and the tenth-level beam splitting phase shift module are both located in the optical path between the fourth-level beam splitting phase shift module and the second coupling output section; The seventh-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a seventh beam splitting unit and a seventh reflection unit; the eighth-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes an eighth beam splitting unit and an eighth reflection unit; the ninth-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a ninth beam splitting unit and a ninth reflection unit; and the tenth-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a tenth beam splitting unit and a tenth reflection unit. The partially reflected beam reflected by the second beam splitter unit is transmitted through the eighth beam splitter unit and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. The partially reflected beam reflected by the second beam splitter unit is reflected by the eighth beam splitter unit and then reflected by the eighth reflection unit and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. The partially reflected beam from the first reflecting unit is transmitted through the seventh beam splitter and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. The partially reflected beam from the first reflecting unit is reflected by the seventh beam splitter and then by the seventh reflecting unit and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. A portion of the transmitted light beam transmitted through the fourth beam splitter is transmitted through the ninth beam splitter and then coupled out from the second coupling portion. A portion of the transmitted light beam transmitted through the fourth beam splitter is reflected by the ninth beam splitter and the ninth reflection unit and then coupled out from the second coupling portion. The partially reflected beam reflected by the fourth reflection unit is transmitted through the tenth beam unit and then coupled out from the second coupling portion. The partially reflected beam reflected by the fourth reflection unit is reflected by the tenth beam unit and the tenth reflection unit and then coupled out from the second coupling portion.

[0022] Optionally, the beam splitting phase shifting section includes a first beam splitting phase shifting sub-section and a second beam splitting phase shifting sub-section, wherein the first beam splitting phase shifting sub-section includes at least one stage of the beam splitting phase shifting module, and the second beam splitting phase shifting sub-section includes at least one stage of the beam splitting phase shifting module; The first beam phase shifter section and the second beam phase shifter section are arranged symmetrically.

[0023] Optionally, the waveguide structure includes a first beam-splitting phase-shifting section and a second beam-splitting phase-shifting section; The first beam phase shifting portion and the second beam phase shifting portion are arranged along the second direction.

[0024] In summary, this application discloses a beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system, including at least one waveguide structure. The waveguide structure includes an input section, two output sections, and at least one set of beam-splitting phase-shifting sections. The two output sections are arranged along a first direction, and the beam-splitting phase-shifting section is located between the two output sections along the first direction. That is, the beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system provided by this embodiment of the invention achieves the configuration of one input section and two output sections, with the two output sections located on opposite sides of the beam-splitting phase-shifting sections. Thus, while beam expansion is achieved through the beam-splitting phase-shifting sections, dual-sided output can be realized, simplifying the dual-sided output scheme. Furthermore, the light emitted from the two output sections is compatible with binocular vision, allowing binoculars to acquire the light without requiring binocular image merging, improving imaging performance while reducing the difficulty of assembling and adjusting the optical path system; it also simplifies the structure of the optical path system, facilitating the realization of a small-volume optical path system and reducing the cost of the optical path system. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical waveguide device provided by existing technology; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a one-dimensional pupil-expanding waveguide structure provided by existing technology; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional pupil-expanding waveguide structure provided by existing technology; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system provided by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system provided by the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a beam-splitting phase-shifting section provided by the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention; Figure 14This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system provided by the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Waveguide structure; 2. Display structure; 3. Optomechanical structure; 10. Coupling-in section; 20. Coupling-out section; 21. First coupling-out section; 22. Second coupling-out section; 30. Beam splitting phase shifting sub-section; 30a: First beam splitting phase shifting sub-section; 30b: Second beam splitting phase shifting sub-section; 301: First beam phase shift section; 302: Second beam phase shift section; 31. Beam splitting phase shifting module; 31a. First-stage beam splitting phase shifting module; 31b. Second-stage beam splitting phase shifting module; 31c, Third-stage beam splitting phase shifting module; 31d, Fourth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module; 31e, Fifth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module; 31f, Sixth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module; 31g, Seventh-stage beam splitting phase shifting module; 31h, Eighth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module; 31i: Ninth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module; 31j: Tenth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module; 31a-1: First-stage beam splitting phase shifting module (A); 31a-2: First-stage B-beam splitter phase shift module; 311: Beam splitting unit; 312: Reflection unit; 311a: First beam splitting unit; 311a-1: First A beam splitting unit; 311a-2: First beam splitter unit; 311a-3: Second beam splitter unit; 311b: Second beam splitter unit; 311c: Third beam splitter; 311d: Fourth beam splitter; 311e-1: Fifth beam splitter (A); 311e-2, Fifth B beam splitter unit; 311f-1, Sixth A beam splitter unit; 311f-2, Sixth B beam splitter unit; 311g: Seventh beam splitter; 311h: Eighth beam splitter; 311i: Ninth beam splitter; 311j: Tenth beam splitter; 312a: First reflecting unit; 312b: Second reflecting unit; 312c: Third reflecting unit; 312d: Fourth reflecting unit; 312e-1: Fifth A-type reflective unit; 312e-2, Fifth B-type reflective unit; 312f-1: Sixth A-type reflective unit; 312f-2, the sixth B-type reflection unit; 312g, the seventh reflection unit; 312h, the eighth reflection unit; 312i, the ninth reflection unit; 312j, the tenth reflection unit. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the present application are shown in the drawings, not the entire structure. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from its spirit or scope, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present application is intended to cover modifications and variations of the present application that fall within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the corresponding claims and their equivalents. It should be noted that the implementation methods provided in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without contradiction.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system provided by the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system provided by the present invention, for reference. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, this application provides a beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system, which includes at least one waveguide structure 1. Its function is to controllably "transmit" and "replicate" the display light emitted by a micro-projection engine (such as Micro-LED, LCoS, etc.) to the user's eye, thereby forming a bright, wide-view virtual image while ensuring the user can clearly see the real world through the waveguide structure 1. The waveguide structure 1 is made of materials including, but not limited to, high-transmittance, high-refractive-index optical glass and polymer materials, such as glass substrates, polycarbonate, cyclic olefin copolymers / polymers, etc., which possess characteristics such as low cost, stable physicochemical properties, and excellent optical performance. This application does not limit the materials used.

[0029] The waveguide structure 1 includes an input section 10, two output sections 20, and at least one beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30; the two output sections 20 are arranged along a first direction (the X direction shown in the figure), and the beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30 is located between the two output sections 20 along the first direction.

[0030] Specifically, the coupling section 10 is the "entry point" for the first incident beam L entering the waveguide structure 1, used to efficiently couple the collimated beam from the micro-projection engine into the waveguide structure 1. This portion of the beam is transmitted via total internal reflection to the beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30. The coupling section 20 is the "exit point" and "final shaper" for the total internal reflection transmitted light in the waveguide structure 1. Its function is to receive the extended beam transmitted from the beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30 and finally couple it out of the waveguide structure 1, ultimately transmitting it to the user's eye. The beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30 is located in the optical path between the coupling section 10 and the coupling section 20. The beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30 can have multiple sets of optical elements, which are located on the propagation path of the first incident beam L. Based on the principle of beam-splitting phase shifting, the beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30 expands a single incident beam into multiple beams of equally effective output light. The beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30 provided in this application adjusts the output direction of the light through multiple sets of optical elements, in the lateral direction ( Figure 4 and Figure 5 The image is copied and expanded in the Y direction to achieve phase shift and expand the user's eye movement range (Eyebox). This allows the user's eyes to receive a sufficiently bright image when moving within a certain range (i.e., within the Eyebox) without having to precisely align with a small opening, thus greatly improving wearing comfort and experience.

[0031] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the waveguide structure 1 provided in this embodiment of the invention includes two coupling-out sections 20. Along the first direction, the two coupling-out sections 20 are respectively located on opposite sides of the beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30. After the beam is split by the beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30, a portion of the beam exits through one coupling-out section 20, and the other portion exits through the other coupling-out section 20. Thus, the waveguide structure 1 achieves a one-input, two-output design. This can improve optical efficiency, meet the design requirements of small size and low cost of the beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system, and at the same time, the design of two coupling-out sections 20 can achieve dual-sided coupling. The light emitted from the two coupling-out sections is adapted to the binoculars, ensuring that the binoculars can acquire light synchronously without the need for binocular image merging, improving the imaging effect while reducing the difficulty of assembling and adjusting the optical path system.

[0032] In summary, the beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system provided in this embodiment, by setting the waveguide structure to include one coupling-in section and two coupling-out sections, with the two coupling-out sections located on opposite sides of the beam-splitting phase-shifting section, achieves beam expansion through the beam-splitting phase-shifting section while simultaneously enabling dual-sided coupling-out, a simple solution. Furthermore, the light emitted from the two coupling-out sections is compatible with binocular vision, allowing the binoculars to acquire the light without requiring binocular image merging, thus improving imaging quality and reducing the difficulty of assembling and adjusting the optical path system. Moreover, the beam-splitting phase-shifting section simplifies the optical path system structure, facilitating the realization of a smaller optical path system and reducing its cost.

[0033] Based on the above embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 4 As shown, the beam splitting phase shifting section includes at least one level of beam splitting phase shifting module 31. Each level of beam splitting phase shifting module 31 includes at least one beam splitting unit 311 and at least one reflection unit 312. The beam splitting unit 311 and the reflection unit 312 in the same beam splitting phase shifting module 31 are arranged along a second direction (Y direction as shown in the figure), and the second direction intersects with the first direction. Along the second direction, the coupling section 10 is located on one side of the beam splitting phase shifting section 30.

[0034] In this invention, the beam splitting unit 311 can be a beam splitter (B / S), and the reflecting unit 312 can be a mirror (M). Based on the principle of beam splitting phase shifting, this invention expands a single incident beam into multiple equally effective outgoing beams. For example... Figure 4 As shown, taking a beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30 including a beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31, and the beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31 including a beam-splitting unit 311 and a reflection unit 312 as an example, the beam transmission process is as follows: the first incident beam L is split into a first split beam and a second split beam by the beam-splitting unit 311. The first split beam exits from one of the coupling sections 20 to form beam L1; the second split beam is reflected by the reflection unit 312 and exits from the other coupling section 20 to form beam L2. In some embodiments, the beam splitting ratio of the beam-splitting unit 311 can be adjusted to achieve an optical efficiency of 50% of that of the first incident beam for both beam L1 and beam L2, where the optical efficiency is the value under ideal conditions without additional loss.

[0035] Further reference Figure 4 As shown, along the second direction, the coupling section 10 is located on one side of the beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30. Thus, light rays coupled from the coupling section 10 to the beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30 propagate along the second direction Y. After being split by the beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30, the light rays coupled out from the two coupling sections 20 propagate along the first direction X. Therefore, the light rays coupled into the beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30 and coupled out from the coupling sections 20 intersect without interfering with each other.

[0036] It should be noted that, Figure 4 Only one beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30 is shown in the illustration. The waveguide structure 1 provided in this application embodiment can have multiple such beam-splitting phase-shifting sections 30. Each section can be responsible for processing light of the same color or different colors (such as red, green, and blue), or light from different angles, thereby combining them into a complete color image and a virtual object with a three-dimensional feel. These sections will not be shown one by one in this application embodiment.

[0037] Continue to refer to Figure 4As shown, at least one beam splitting phase shifting module 31 includes a first-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31a, which includes at least one first beam splitting unit 311a and at least one first reflection unit 312a. The beam splitting phase shifting optical path system also includes a first incident beam L. The first beam splitting unit 311a is located on the propagation path of the first incident beam L, and there is an intersection between the plane where the first beam splitting unit 311a is located and the plane where the first reflection unit 312a is located.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, the first-stage beam splitting and phase-shifting module 31a can be understood as a beam splitting and phase-shifting module located on the incident path of the first incident beam L. That is, the first beam splitting unit 311a in the first-stage beam splitting and phase-shifting module 31a directly splits the first incident beam L. Furthermore, there is an intersection between the plane where the first beam splitting unit 311a is located and the plane where the first reflection unit 312a is located. This can be understood as at least one plane where the first beam splitting unit 311a is located and at least one plane where the first reflection unit 312a is located are intersecting but not parallel. Thus, the propagation direction of the beam after reflection and splitting or polarization splitting by the first beam splitting unit 311a can be opposite to the propagation direction of the beam after reflection and splitting by the first reflection unit 312a. This allows part of the beam to be coupled out from one of the two coupling sections 20, and the rest of the beam to be coupled out from the other one of the two coupling sections 20. In this way, a scheme can be implemented in the entire optical path system in which beams can be coupled out from both coupling sections 20, and the implementation method is simple. Furthermore, the beams coupled from the two output sections 20 can be directly adapted to the binoculars without the need for image alignment adjustments, ensuring that the entire optical system has a simple and efficient image alignment method and a good image alignment effect.

[0039] As one possible implementation method, please refer to [reference]. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the beam-splitting phase shifting section 30 includes an odd number of beam-splitting phase shifting modules 31, that is, the beam-splitting phase shifting section 30 may include an odd number of beam-splitting phase shifting modules 31, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the beam splitting phase shifting section 30 includes a first-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31, such as... Figure 5As shown, the beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30 includes three-stage beam-splitting phase-shifting modules 31. The beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30 provided in this embodiment may also include more stages of beam-splitting phase-shifting modules 31, which will not be listed here. When the beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30 includes an odd number of stages of beam-splitting phase-shifting modules 31, the first-stage beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31a can be located in the middle of the odd number of beam-splitting phase-shifting modules 31. That is, apart from the first-stage beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31a, the remaining even-numbered beam-splitting phase-shifting modules 31 are located on both sides of the first-stage beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31a, and the number of beam-splitting phase-shifting modules 31 located on both sides of the first-stage beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31a can be the same. This ensures that the number of beams coupled out through different coupling sections 20 is the same, meaning that the beam-expanding effect of the beams coupled out through different coupling sections 20 is the same, guaranteeing the overall beam-expanding effect of the entire optical system.

[0040] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the odd-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31a, which includes a first-level A beam splitting phase shifting module 31a-1; the first-level A beam splitting phase shifting module 31a-1 includes a first A beam splitting unit 311a-1; the two output sections 20 include a first output section 21 and a second output section 22, the first output section 21 is located on the propagation path of the first beam splitting beam of the first A beam splitting unit 311a-1, and the second output section 22 is located on the propagation path of the second beam splitting beam of the first A beam splitting unit 311a-1.

[0041] like Figure 4 As shown, the first-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31a-1 includes a first beam splitting unit 311a-1 and a first reflection unit 312a. The plane containing the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 intersects with the plane containing the first reflection unit 312a. The first incident beam L coupled into the coupling section 10 has two splitting paths after passing through the first-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31a-1: Path 1: The first incident beam L is split by the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 to form the outgoing beam L1, which is coupled out from the first coupling section 21.

[0042] Path 2: The first incident beam L is split by the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 and reflected by the first reflection unit 312a to form the outgoing beam L2, which is coupled out from the second coupling section 22.

[0043] This achieves a scheme that combines beam expansion with dual-sided coupling.

[0044] For details, please refer to Figure 5As shown, the odd-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31a, a second-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31b, and a third-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31c. The first-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31a includes a first-level A beam splitting phase shifting module 31a-1. The first-level A beam splitting phase shifting module 31a-1 includes a first A beam splitting unit 311a-1. The two output sections 20 include a first output section 21 and a second output section 22. The second-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31b is located in the optical path between the first beam splitting beam of the first A beam splitting unit 311a-1 and the first output section 21. The third-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31c is located in the optical path between the second beam splitting beam of the first A beam splitting unit 311a-1 and the second output section 22.

[0045] like Figure 5 As shown, the first-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31a-1 includes a first beam splitting unit 311a-1 and a first reflection unit 312a. The plane containing the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 intersects with the plane containing the first reflection unit 312a. The first incident beam L coupled into the coupling section 10 has two splitting paths after passing through the first-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31a-1: Path 1: The first incident beam L is split for the first time by the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 and then enters the second-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31b. After being split by the second-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31b, it forms the outgoing beams L1 and L2, which are coupled out from the first coupling section 21.

[0046] Path 2: The first incident beam L is first split by the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 and reflected by the first reflection unit 312a before entering the third-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31c. After being split by the third-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31c, it forms the outgoing beams L3 and L4, which are coupled out from the second coupling section 22.

[0047] This achieves a scheme that combines beam expansion with dual-sided coupling.

[0048] Further reference Figure 5As shown, the second-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31b includes a second beam splitting unit 311b and a second reflection unit 312b, and the third-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31c includes a third beam splitting unit 311c and a third reflection unit 312c. The first beam splitting unit 311a-1 is located on the propagation path of the first incident beam L. The first beam splitting unit 311a-1 is incident on the second beam splitting unit 311b. Part of the first beam splitting unit is transmitted through the second beam splitting unit 311b and then exits. Part of the first beam splitting unit is reflected by the second beam splitting unit 311b and then by the second reflection unit 312b. The second beam splitting unit 311a-1 is incident on the first reflection unit 312a. Part of the second beam splitting unit is reflected by the first reflection unit 312a and then transmitted through the third beam splitting unit 311c and then exits. Part of the second beam splitting unit is reflected by the first reflection unit 312a, the third beam splitting unit 311c, and the third reflection unit 312c and then exits.

[0049] like Figure 5 As shown, the first-stage beam splitter phase shifter module 31a-1 includes a first beam splitter unit 311a-1 and a first reflection unit 312a; the second-stage beam splitter phase shifter module 31b includes a second beam splitter unit 311b and a second reflection unit 312b; and the third-stage beam splitter phase shifter module 31c includes a third beam splitter unit 311c and a third reflection unit 312c. The specific beam expansion path will be described below using the above structures of the first-stage beam splitter phase shifter module 31a-1, the second-stage beam splitter phase shifter module 31b, and the third-stage beam splitter phase shifter module 31c.

[0050] Path 1: The first incident beam L is split for the first time by the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 and then enters the second beam splitting unit 311b. After being split for the second time by the second beam splitting unit 311b, part of the light is emitted from the first coupling part 21 to form beam L1.

[0051] Path 2: The first incident beam L is split for the first time by the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 and then by the second beam splitting unit 311b. After being split for the second time by the second beam splitting unit 311b, the light is reflected by the second reflection unit 312b and then exits from the first coupling section 21 to form beam L2.

[0052] Path 3: The first incident beam L is first split by the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 and then reflected by the first reflection unit 312a before entering the third beam splitting unit 311c. After being split for the third time by the third beam splitting unit 311c, the light beam exits from the second coupling part 22 to form beam L4.

[0053] Path 4: The first incident beam L is first split by the first beam splitting unit 311a-1, then reflected by the first reflection unit 312a and enters the third beam splitting unit 311c. After being split for the third time by the third beam splitting unit 311c, the light is reflected by the third reflection unit 312c and exits from the second coupling section 22 to form beam L3.

[0054] By setting up a first-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31a, a second-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31b, and a third-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31c, a beam expansion scheme with a single input beam and four output beams is achieved. Furthermore, two beams are emitted from the first coupling output section 21, and two beams are emitted from the second coupling output section 22. Based on beam expansion in each coupling output section 20, a "1-to-2" scheme is implemented, that is, a one-input, two-output scheme. The two-output implementation is simple and efficient.

[0055] Based on the above embodiments, the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 includes a transmission-reflection beam splitting unit or a polarization beam splitting unit, the second beam splitting unit 311b includes a transmission-reflection beam splitting unit, and the third beam splitting unit 311c includes a transmission-reflection beam splitting unit.

[0056] As one possible implementation, the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 may include a transmission-reflection beam splitting unit, the second beam splitting unit 311b may include a transmission-reflection beam splitting unit, and the third beam splitting unit 311c may include a transmission-reflection beam splitting unit. Thus, the aforementioned paths 1, 2, 3, and 4 can be specifically described as follows: Path 1: The first incident beam L is reflected by the first beam splitter unit 311a-1 and enters the second beam splitter unit 311b. The light transmitted through the second beam splitter unit 311b exits from the first coupling section 21 to form beam L1.

[0057] Path 2: The first incident beam L is reflected by the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 and then by the second beam splitting unit 311b. The light beam reflected by the second beam splitting unit 311b is then reflected by the second reflection unit 312b and exits from the first coupling section 21 to form beam L2.

[0058] Path 3: The first incident beam L is transmitted through the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 and then reflected by the first reflection unit 312a before entering the third beam splitting unit 311c. The light transmitted through the third beam splitting unit 311c exits from the second coupling section 22 to form beam L4.

[0059] Path 4: The first incident beam L is transmitted through the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 and then reflected by the first reflection unit 312a before entering the third beam splitting unit 311c. The light reflected by the third beam splitting unit 311c is then reflected by the third reflection unit 312c and exits from the second coupling section 22 to form beam L3.

[0060] By setting all three beam-splitting units to be transmittance-reflection beam-splitting units, dual-coupled output is ensured while beam expansion is achieved. Furthermore, the first beam-splitting unit 311a-1, the second beam-splitting unit 311b, and the third beam-splitting unit 311c can be beam splitters with a fixed transmittance T and reflectance R splitting ratio, such as 50 / 50, 70 / 30, 90 / 10, etc., where 50 / 50 means T:R = 50%:50%, thus enabling controllable energy for different beam splits.

[0061] Furthermore, the transmittance-to-reflectance ratios of the first beam-splitting unit 311a-1, the second beam-splitting unit 311b, and the third beam-splitting unit 311c can all be set to 50 / 50, and the reflectivity of the first reflection unit 312a, the second reflection unit 312b, and the third reflection unit 312c can all be 100%. That is, the transmittance of all beam-splitting units is 50%, the reflectivity is 50%, and the reflectivity of all reflection units is 100%. In this way, the energies of beams L1, L2, L3, and L4 are consistent, each being 1 / 4 of the energy of the first incident beam L. Thus, this embodiment uses low-cost, standardized reflective film system beam-splitting and reflection units to build the optical path beam-splitting system. Compared with the prior art, it can achieve efficient multi-beam expansion without the need to deposit multiple layers of heterogeneous reflective films, effectively reducing costs and yield. Uniform beam expansion is achieved, and finally these beams are guided to two coupling sections 20 for coupling out, further realizing a double-sided coupling scheme.

[0062] As another possible implementation, the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 may include a polarization beam splitting unit, the second beam splitting unit 311b may include a transmission-reflection beam splitting unit, and the third beam splitting unit 311c may include a transmission-reflection beam splitting unit. The first incident beam L may be circularly polarized light, natural light, etc., and this optical path can decompose the first incident beam L and convert it into four output beams with controllable polarization states. Thus, paths 1, 2, 3, and 4 can be specifically described as follows: Path 1: The first incident beam L is polarized by the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 to form the first polarized light. The first polarized light enters the second beam splitting unit 311b. The light transmitted through the second beam splitting unit 311b exits from the first coupling section 21 to form beam L1. Beam L1 can be an S-state polarized beam.

[0063] Path 2: The first incident beam L is polarized by the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 to form the first polarized light. The first polarized light is split by the second beam splitting unit 311b. The light reflected by the second beam splitting unit 311b is reflected by the second reflection unit 312b and then exits from the first coupling section 21 to form beam L2. Beam L2 can be an S-state polarized beam.

[0064] Path 3: The first incident beam L is polarized by the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 to form the second polarized light. The second polarized light is then reflected by the first reflection unit 312a and enters the third beam splitting unit 311c. The light transmitted through the third beam splitting unit 311c exits from the second coupling section 22 to form beam L4. Beam L4 can be a p-state polarized beam.

[0065] Path 4: The first incident beam L is polarized by the first beam splitting unit 311a-1 to form the second polarized light. The second polarized light is then reflected by the first reflection unit 312a and enters the third beam splitting unit 311c. The light reflected by the third beam splitting unit 311c is then reflected by the third reflection unit 312c and exits from the second coupling section 22 to form beam L3. Beam L3 can be a p-state polarized beam.

[0066] By configuring the first beam-splitting unit 311a-1 to include a polarization beam-splitting unit, and the second beam-splitting unit 311b and the third beam-splitting unit 311c to both include transmission-reflection beam-splitting units, dual-coupled output is achieved while expanding the beam. Furthermore, the second beam-splitting unit 311b and the third beam-splitting unit 311c can employ beam splitters with a fixed transmittance T and reflectance R splitting ratio, such as 50 / 50, 70 / 30, or 90 / 10, where 50 / 50 refers to T:R = 50%:50%, thus enabling controllable energy distribution across different beam splits.

[0067] Furthermore, the transmittance / reflectance ratios of the second beam-splitting unit 311b and the third beam-splitting unit 311c can both be set to 50 / 50, and the reflectivity of the first reflection unit 312a, the second reflection unit 312b, and the third reflection unit 312c can all be 100%. That is, the transmittance of all beam-splitting units is 50%, the reflectivity is 50%, and the reflectivity of all reflection units is 100%. This ensures that the energies of beams L1, L2, L3, and L4 are consistent, each being 1 / 4 of the energy of the first incident beam L. Thus, this embodiment uses low-cost, standardized reflective film-based beam-splitting and reflection units to build the optical path beam-splitting system. Compared to existing technologies, it eliminates the need for depositing multiple layers of heterogeneous reflective films, achieving efficient multi-beam expansion and effectively reducing costs and yield. Uniform beam expansion is achieved, and these beams are ultimately guided to two coupling portions 20 for coupling out, further realizing a dual-sided coupling scheme. Furthermore, through the aforementioned combination of polarization beam splitting and transmission-reflection beam splitting, the first incident beam L is decomposed and converted into four output beams with controllable polarization states, which are then transmitted to the coupling section 20. This achieves polarization beam splitting and expansion, which can ultimately be combined to form a complete color image and a virtual object with a three-dimensional effect. For example, S-polarized beams and P-polarized light can be applied to polarization displays and privacy displays.

[0068] In summary, the above embodiments have described the case where the beam splitting phase shifting section includes an odd number of beam splitting phase shifting modules. Next, the case where the beam splitting phase shifting section includes an even number of beam splitting phase shifting modules will be described.

[0069] Specifically, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a beam-splitting phase-shifting section provided by the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting section provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the beam splitting phase shifting section 30 includes an even number of beam splitting phase shifting modules 31, that is, the beam splitting phase shifting section 30 includes an even number of beam splitting phase shifting modules 31, such as two beam splitting phase shifting modules 31, four beam splitting phase shifting modules 31, or other even number of beam splitting phase shifting modules 31. By setting the beam splitting phase shifting section 30 to include an even number of beam splitting phase shifting modules 31, dual-sided coupling can also be achieved while realizing beam expansion.

[0070] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the even-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31a and a fourth-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31d. The first-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31a includes a first-level B beam splitting phase shifting module 31a-2, which includes a first B beam splitting unit 311a-2, a second B beam splitting unit 311a-3, and a first reflection unit 312a. The first B beam splitting unit 311a-2, the second B beam splitting unit 311a-3, and the first reflection unit 312a contain two of the same plane. The beams intersect; the first beam splitter unit 311a-2 is located on the propagation path of the first incident beam L, and the second beam splitter unit 311a-3 and the first reflection unit 312a are located on the propagation path of the transmitted beam of the first beam splitter unit 311a-2 in sequence; the fourth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31d includes a fourth beam splitter unit 311d and a fourth reflection unit 312d, which are located on the propagation path of the reflected beam of the first beam splitter unit 311a-2 in sequence.

[0071] Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The explanation will take the beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30, which includes two-stage beam-splitting phase-shifting modules 31, as an example. Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the first-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31a-2 includes a first beam splitting unit 311a-2, a second beam splitting unit 311a-3, and a first reflection unit 312a. The first beam splitting unit 311a-2 is located on the propagation path of the first incident beam L and is used to split the first incident beam L. The second beam splitting unit 311a-3 and the first reflection unit 312a are sequentially located on the propagation path of the split beam from the first beam splitting unit 311a-2. Furthermore, the planes of the first beam splitting unit 311a-2, the second beam splitting unit 311a-3, and the first reflection unit 312a intersect. Figure 6 The following example illustrates the situation where the planes containing the first beam splitter unit 311a-2 and the first reflection unit 312a intersect, and the planes containing the second beam splitter unit 311a-3 and the first reflection unit 312a intersect. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The following explanation uses the example of the intersection of the planes containing the first B beam splitter unit 311a-2 and the second B beam splitter unit 311a-3, and the intersection of the planes containing the first B beam splitter unit 311a-2 and the first reflection unit 312a. By setting the planes containing the first B beam splitter unit 311a-2, the second B beam splitter unit 311a-3, and the first reflection unit 312a to intersect, it is ensured that after the beam is split by the first B beam splitter phase shift module 31a-2, part of the beam can be coupled out from the first coupling section along the X- direction, and part of the beam can be emitted along the X+ direction and coupled out from the second coupling section after being split by the fourth beam splitter unit 311d and reflected by the fourth reflection unit 312d. This ensures that beam expansion is achieved while further realizing double-sided coupling, and the coupling method is simple and efficient.

[0072] For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 6 As shown, the plane containing the first beam splitter 311a-2 is parallel to the plane containing the second beam splitter 311a-3 and the plane containing the fourth beam splitter 311d, and intersects with the plane containing the first reflection unit 312a; the plane containing the fourth beam splitter 311d intersects with the plane containing the fourth reflection unit 312d; the two coupling-out portions include a first coupling-out portion and a second coupling-out portion (not shown in the figure); the transmitted beam from the first beam splitter 311a-2 is reflected by the second beam splitter 311a-3 and then coupled out from the second coupling-out portion, and after being transmitted by the second beam splitter 311a-3 and reflected by the first reflection unit 312a, it is coupled out from the first coupling-out portion; the reflected beam from the first beam splitter 311a-2 is transmitted by the fourth beam splitter 311d and then coupled out from the second coupling-out portion, and after being reflected by the fourth beam splitter 311d and the fourth reflection unit 312d, it is coupled out from the first coupling-out portion.

[0073] Continue to refer to Figure 6As shown, the plane containing the first beam splitter 311a-2 is parallel to the plane containing the second beam splitter 311a-3 and the plane containing the fourth beam splitter 311d, intersecting the plane containing the first reflection unit 312a. The plane containing the fourth beam splitter 311d intersects the plane containing the fourth reflection unit 312d. Based on the above arrangement, the first incident beam L, after being split and expanded by the first-stage beam splitter phase shift module 31a-2 and the fourth-stage beam splitter phase shift module 31d, has the following path: Path 1: The first incident beam L is split by the first beam splitting unit 311a-2, and the lens beam is reflected by the second beam splitting unit 311a-3 and then coupled out from the second coupling part to form beam L4. Path 2: The first incident beam L is split by the first beam splitting unit 311a-2, and the lens beam is transmitted by the second beam splitting unit 311a-3 and reflected by the first reflection unit 312a before being coupled out from the first coupling part to form beam L2. Path 3: After the first incident beam L is split by the first beam splitting unit 311a-2, the mirror beam is transmitted through the fourth beam splitting unit 311d and then coupled out from the second coupling part to form beam L3. Path 4: After the first incident beam L is split by the first beam splitting unit 311a-2, the mirror beam is reflected by the fourth beam splitting unit 311d and the fourth reflection unit 312d, and then coupled out from the first coupling part to form beam L1.

[0074] By setting up a first-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31a and a fourth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31d, a beam expansion scheme with a single input beam and four output beams is realized. Furthermore, two beams are emitted from the first coupling output section and two beams are emitted from the second coupling output section. Based on beam expansion in each coupling output section, a one-input, two-output scheme is achieved. The two-output implementation is simple, efficient, and ensures balanced beam energy.

[0075] Continue to refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the plane containing the first beam splitter 311a-2 intersects the plane containing the second beam splitter 311a-3, intersects the plane containing the first reflection unit 312a, and is parallel to the plane containing the fourth beam splitter 311d; the plane containing the fourth beam splitter 311d is parallel to the plane containing the fourth reflection unit 312d; the two coupling-out portions include a first coupling-out portion and a second coupling-out portion (not shown in the figure); the transmitted beam from the first beam splitter 311a-2 is reflected by the second beam splitter 311a-3 and then coupled out from the first coupling-out portion, transmitted by the second beam splitter 311a-3 and reflected by the first reflection unit 312a; the reflected beam from the first beam splitter 311a-2 is transmitted by the fourth beam splitter 311d and then coupled out from the second coupling-out portion, reflected by the fourth beam splitter 311d and reflected by the fourth reflection unit 312d.

[0076] Continue to refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the plane containing the first beam splitter unit 311a-2 intersects the plane containing the second beam splitter unit 311a-3, intersects the plane containing the first reflection unit 312a, and is parallel to the plane containing the fourth beam splitter unit 311d; the plane containing the fourth beam splitter unit 311d is parallel to the plane containing the fourth reflection unit 312d. Based on the above arrangement, the first incident beam L, after being split and expanded by the first-stage beam splitter phase shift module 31a-2 and the fourth-stage beam splitter phase shift module 31d, has the following path: Path 1: The first incident beam L is split by the first beam splitting unit 311a-2, and the lens beam is reflected by the second beam splitting unit 311a-3 and then coupled out from the first coupling part to form beam L1; Path 2: The first incident beam L is split by the first beam splitting unit 311a-2, and the lens beam is transmitted by the second beam splitting unit 311a-3 and reflected by the first reflection unit 312a before being coupled out from the first coupling part to form beam L2. Path 3: After the first incident beam L is split by the first beam splitting unit 311a-2, the mirror beam is transmitted through the fourth beam splitting unit 311d and then coupled out from the second coupling part to form beam L3. Path 4: After the first incident beam L is split by the first beam splitting unit 311a-2, the mirror beam is reflected by the fourth beam splitting unit 311d and the fourth reflection unit 312d, and then coupled out from the second coupling part to form beam L4.

[0077] By setting up a first-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31a and a fourth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31d, a beam expansion scheme with a single input beam and four output beams is realized. Furthermore, two beams are emitted from the first coupling output section and two beams are emitted from the second coupling output section. Based on beam expansion in each coupling output section, a one-input, two-output scheme is achieved. The two-output implementation is simple, efficient, and ensures balanced beam energy.

[0078] Further reference Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the first B beam splitter unit 311a-2, the second B beam splitter unit 311a-3, and the fourth beam splitter unit 311d can all be transmittance-reflection beam splitters. Furthermore, the first B beam splitter unit 311a-2, the second B beam splitter unit 311a-3, and the fourth beam splitter unit 311d can employ beam splitters with a fixed transmittance T and reflectance R splitting ratio, such as 50 / 50, 70 / 30, 90 / 10, etc., where 50 / 50 refers to T:R = 50%:50%, thus enabling controllable energy for different beam splits.

[0079] Furthermore, the transmittance / reflectance ratios of the first beam splitter unit 311a-2, the second beam splitter unit 311a-3, and the fourth beam splitter unit 311d can all be set to 50 / 50, and the reflectivity of the first reflection unit 312a and the fourth reflection unit 312d can both be 100%. That is, the transmittance of all beam splitter units is 50%, the reflectivity is 50%, and the reflectivity of all reflection units is 100%. In this way, the energies of beams L1, L2, L3, and L4 are consistent, all being 1 / 4 of the energy of the first incident beam L. Thus, this embodiment uses low-cost, standardized reflective film system beam splitter units and reflection units to build the optical path beam splitting system. Compared with the prior art, it can achieve efficient multi-beam expansion without the need to deposit multiple layers of heterogeneous reflective films, effectively reducing costs and yield.

[0080] Based on the above embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 8 As shown, the first beam splitter unit 311a-2 and the fourth reflection unit 312d are arranged coplanarly. The above optical path structure configuration reduces the optical path length in the longitudinal direction, achieving a small volume; on the other hand, it avoids the fourth reflection unit 312d from blocking the reflected optical path of the first beam splitter unit 311a-2, ensuring that the energy of all output optical paths is maximized.

[0081] The above embodiments are illustrated using an even-numbered-level beam splitting phase shifting module including two-level beam splitting phase shifting modules as an example. The following embodiments are illustrated using an even-numbered-level beam splitting phase shifting module including more-level beam splitting phase shifting modules as an example.

[0082] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting section provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 9 As shown, the even-level beam-splitting phase-shifting module also includes a fifth-level beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31e and a sixth-level beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31f; the fifth-level beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31e is located in the optical path between the first-level beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31a and the first coupling-out section, and the sixth-level beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31f is located in the optical path between the fourth-level beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31d and the second coupling-out section; the fifth-level beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31e includes a fifth A beam-splitting unit 311e-1, a fifth B beam-splitting unit 311e-2, a fifth A reflection unit 312e-1, and... The fifth B reflection unit 312e-2; the sixth-stage beam splitting and phase-shifting module 31f includes the sixth A beam splitting unit 311f-1, the sixth B beam splitting unit 311f-2, the sixth A reflection unit 312f-1, and the sixth B reflection unit 312f-2; part of the reflected beam after being reflected by the first reflection unit 312a is transmitted through the fifth A beam splitting unit 311e-1 and then coupled out from the first coupling section; part of the reflected beam after being reflected by the first reflection unit 312a is reflected by the fifth A beam splitting unit 311e-1 and the fifth A reflection unit 312f-2; After reflection by 12e-1, the beam exits from the first coupling section; the partially reflected beam, after being reflected by the fourth reflection unit 312d, is transmitted through the fifth beam splitter unit 311e-2 and exits from the first coupling section; the partially reflected beam, after being reflected by the fourth reflection unit 312d, is reflected by the fifth beam splitter unit 311e-2 and then by the fifth beam splitter unit 312e-2 and exits from the first coupling section; the partially reflected beam, after being reflected by the second beam splitter unit 311a-3, is transmitted through the sixth beam splitter unit 311f-1 and exits from the second coupling section. The reflected beam, after being reflected by the second beam splitter unit 311a-3, is reflected by the sixth beam splitter unit 311f-1 and the sixth beam splitter unit 312f-1, and then coupled out from the second coupling section; the transmitted beam, after being transmitted by the fourth beam splitter unit 311d, is transmitted by the sixth beam splitter unit 311f-2 and then coupled out from the second coupling section; the transmitted beam, after being transmitted by the fourth beam splitter unit 311d, is reflected by the sixth beam splitter unit 311f-2 and the sixth beam splitter unit 312f-2, and then coupled out from the second coupling section.

[0083] like Figure 9As shown, the first-stage B-beam splitting phase shifting module 31a-2 includes a first B-beam splitting unit 311a-2, a second B-beam splitting unit 311a-3, and a first reflection unit 312a; the fourth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31d includes a fourth beam splitting unit 311d and a fourth reflection unit 312d; the fifth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31e includes a fifth A-beam splitting unit 311e-1, a fifth B-beam splitting unit 311e-2, a fifth A-beam reflection unit 312e-1, and a fifth B-beam reflection unit 312e-2; and the sixth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31f includes a sixth A-beam splitting unit 311f-1, a sixth B-beam splitting unit 311f-2, a sixth A-beam reflection unit 312f-1, and a sixth B-beam reflection unit 312f-2. The planes containing the first beam splitter unit 311a-2, the second beam splitter unit 311a-3, and the fourth beam splitter unit 311d are parallel and intersect with the planes containing the first reflection unit 312a and the fourth reflection unit 312d. The planes containing the fifth beam splitter unit 311e-1, the fifth beam splitter unit 311e-2, the fifth reflection unit 312e-1, and the fifth reflection unit 312e-2 are all parallel. The planes containing the sixth beam splitter unit 311f-1, the sixth reflection unit 312f-1, and the sixth reflection unit 312f-2 are all parallel and intersect with the plane containing the sixth beam splitter unit 311f-2.

[0084] Based on the positional relationship of the aforementioned optical elements, the first incident beam L can be divided into eight outgoing beams after passing through the beam splitting and phase-shifting section 30. Among them, four beams are coupled out from the first coupling section, and four beams are coupled out from the second coupling section, as detailed below: Path 1: The partially reflected beam, after being transmitted through the first beam splitter unit 311a-2, the second beam splitter unit 311a-3, and the first reflection unit 312a, is transmitted through the fifth beam splitter unit 311e-1 and then coupled out from the first coupling section to form beam L1.

[0085] Path 2: The partially reflected beam, after being transmitted through the first beam splitter unit 311a-2, the second beam splitter unit 311a-3, and the first reflection unit 312a, is reflected by the fifth beam splitter unit 311e-1 and the fifth reflection unit 312e-1, and then coupled out from the first coupling section to form beam L2.

[0086] Path 3: The partially reflected beam, after being reflected by the first beam splitter unit 311a-2, the fourth beam splitter unit 311d, and the fourth reflection unit 312d, is transmitted through the fifth beam splitter unit 311e-2 and then coupled out from the first coupling section to form beam L3.

[0087] Path 4: The partially reflected beam, after being reflected by the first beam splitter unit 311a-2, the fourth beam splitter unit 311d, and the fourth reflection unit 312d, is reflected by the fifth beam splitter unit 311e-2 and the fifth reflection unit 312e-2, and then coupled out from the first coupling section to form beam L4.

[0088] Path 5: The partially reflected beam, after being transmitted through the first beam splitter unit 311a-2 and reflected by the second beam splitter unit 311a-3, is transmitted through the sixth beam splitter unit 311f-1 and then coupled out from the second coupling section to form beam L5.

[0089] Path 6: The partially reflected beam transmitted through the first beam splitter unit 311a-2 and reflected by the second beam splitter unit 311a-3 is reflected by the sixth beam splitter unit 311f-1 and then coupled out from the second coupling section by the sixth reflection unit 312f-1 to form beam L6.

[0090] Path 7: The partially transmitted beam, after being reflected by the first beam splitter unit 311a-2 and transmitted through the fourth beam splitter unit 311d, is transmitted through the sixth beam splitter unit 311f-2 and then coupled out from the second coupling section to form beam L7.

[0091] Path 8: The partially transmitted beam, after being reflected by the first beam splitter unit 311a-2 and transmitted by the fourth beam splitter unit 311d, is reflected by the sixth beam splitter unit 311f-2 and the sixth reflection unit 312f-2, and then coupled out from the second coupling section to form beam L8.

[0092] By setting up four beam-splitting phase-shifting modules—a first-stage module 31a, a fourth-stage module 31d, a fifth-stage module 31e, and a sixth-stage module 31f—a beam-expanding scheme with a single input beam and eight output beams is achieved. Furthermore, four beams exit from the first coupling section and four beams exit from the second coupling section. Based on beam expansion in each coupling section, a one-input, two-output scheme is implemented. The two-output implementation is simple, efficient, and ensures balanced beam energy.

[0093] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting section provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 10 As shown, the even-level beam splitting phase shifting module also includes a seventh-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31g, an eighth-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31h, a ninth-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31i, and a tenth-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31j; the seventh-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31g and the eighth-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31h are both located in the optical path between the first-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31a and the first coupling output section, and the ninth-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31i and the tenth-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31j are both located in the optical path between the fourth-level beam splitting phase shifting module 31d and the second coupling output section; The seventh-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31g includes a seventh beam splitting unit 311g and a seventh reflection unit 312g; the eighth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31h includes an eighth beam splitting unit 311h and an eighth reflection unit 312h; the ninth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31i includes a ninth beam splitting unit 311i and a ninth reflection unit 312i; and the tenth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31j includes a tenth beam splitting unit 311j and a tenth reflection unit 312j. The partially reflected beam from the second beam splitter unit 311a-3 is transmitted through the eighth beam splitter unit 311h and then coupled out from the first coupling section. The partially reflected beam from the second beam splitter unit 311a-3 is reflected by the eighth beam splitter unit 311h and the eighth reflection unit 312h, and then coupled out from the first coupling section. The partially reflected beam from the first reflection unit 312a is transmitted through the seventh beam splitter unit 311g and then coupled out from the first coupling section. The partially reflected beam from the first reflection unit 312a is reflected by the seventh beam splitter unit 311g and the seventh reflection unit 312g, and then coupled out from the first coupling section. The transmitted beam, after being transmitted through the fourth beam splitter 311d, is transmitted through the ninth beam splitter 311i and then coupled out from the second coupling section. The transmitted beam, after being transmitted through the fourth beam splitter 311d, is reflected by the ninth beam splitter 311i and the ninth reflection unit 312i and then coupled out from the second coupling section. The reflected beam, after being reflected by the fourth reflection unit 312d, is transmitted through the tenth beam splitter 311j and then coupled out from the second coupling section. The reflected beam, after being reflected by the fourth reflection unit 312d, is reflected by the tenth beam splitter 311j and the tenth reflection unit 312j and then coupled out from the second coupling section.

[0094] like Figure 10As shown, the first-stage B-beam splitting phase shift module 31a-2 includes a first B-beam splitting unit 311a-2, a second B-beam splitting unit 311a-3, and a first reflection unit 312a; the fourth-stage beam splitting phase shift module 31d includes a fourth beam splitting unit 311d and a fourth reflection unit 312d; the seventh-stage beam splitting phase shift module 31g includes a seventh beam splitting unit 311g and a seventh reflection unit 312g; the eighth-stage beam splitting phase shift module 31h includes an eighth beam splitting unit 311h and an eighth reflection unit 312h; the ninth-stage beam splitting phase shift module 31i includes a ninth beam splitting unit 311i and a ninth reflection unit 312i; and the tenth-stage beam splitting phase shift module 31j includes a tenth beam splitting unit 311j and a tenth reflection unit 312j. Among them, the planes containing the first beam splitter unit 311a-2, the fourth beam splitter unit 311d, the seventh beam splitter unit 311g, the eighth beam splitter unit 311h, the ninth beam splitter unit 311i, and the tenth beam splitter unit 311j are all parallel and intersect with the plane containing the second beam splitter unit 311a-3; the planes containing the fourth reflection unit 312d, the seventh reflection unit 312g, the eighth reflection unit 312h, the ninth reflection unit 312i, and the tenth reflection unit 312j are all parallel and intersect with the plane containing the first reflection unit 312a.

[0095] Based on the positional relationship of the aforementioned optical elements, the first incident beam L can be divided into eight outgoing beams after passing through the beam splitting and phase-shifting section 30. Among them, four beams are coupled out from the first coupling section, and four beams are coupled out from the second coupling section, as detailed below: Path 1: The partially reflected beam, after being transmitted through the first beam splitter unit 311a-2 and reflected by the second beam splitter unit 311a-3, is transmitted through the eighth beam splitter unit 311h and then coupled out from the first coupling section to form beam L1.

[0096] Path 2: The partially reflected beam transmitted by the first beam splitter unit 311a-2 and reflected by the second beam splitter unit 311a-3 is reflected by the eighth beam splitter unit 311h and the eighth reflection unit 312h, and then coupled out from the first coupling part to form beam L2.

[0097] Path 3: The beam transmitted through the first beam splitter unit 311a-2, the second beam splitter unit 311a-3, and the partially reflected beam from the first reflection unit 312a is transmitted through the seventh beam splitter unit 311g and then coupled out from the first coupling section to form beam L3.

[0098] Path 4: The partially reflected beam transmitted by the first beam splitter unit 311a-2, the second beam splitter unit 311a-3, and the first reflection unit 312a is reflected by the seventh beam splitter unit 311g and the seventh reflection unit 312g, and then coupled out from the first coupling section to form beam L4.

[0099] Path 5: The partially transmitted beam, after being reflected by the first beam splitter unit 311a-2 and transmitted by the fourth beam splitter unit 311d, is transmitted by the ninth beam splitter unit 311i and then coupled out from the second coupling section to form beam L5.

[0100] Path 6: The partially transmitted beam, after being reflected by the first beam splitter unit 311a-2 and transmitted by the fourth beam splitter unit 311d, is reflected by the ninth beam splitter unit 311i and the ninth reflection unit 312i, and then coupled out from the second coupling section to form beam L6.

[0101] Path 7: The partially reflected beam, after being reflected by the first beam splitter unit 311a-2, the fourth beam splitter unit 311d, and the fourth reflection unit 312d, is transmitted through the tenth beam splitter unit 311j and then coupled out from the second coupling section to form beam L7.

[0102] Path 8: The partially reflected beam, after being reflected by the first beam splitter unit 311a-2, the fourth beam splitter unit 311d, and the fourth reflection unit 312d, is reflected by the tenth beam splitter unit 311j and the tenth reflection unit 312j, and then coupled out from the second coupling section to form beam L8.

[0103] By setting up six beam-splitting phase-shifting modules—the first-stage beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31a, the fourth-stage beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31d, the seventh-stage beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31g, the eighth-stage beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31h, the ninth-stage beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31i, and the tenth-stage beam-splitting phase-shifting module 31j—a beam-expanding scheme with a single input beam and eight output beams is achieved. Furthermore, four beams exit from the first coupling-out section and four beams exit from the second coupling-out section. Based on beam expansion in each coupling-out section, a one-input, two-output scheme is implemented. The two-output implementation is simple, efficient, and ensures balanced beam energy.

[0104] In summary, the above embodiments have provided detailed descriptions of the beam-splitting phase-shifting section including both odd-level and even-level beam-splitting phase-shifting modules. By setting the beam-splitting phase-shifting section to include either odd-level or even-level modules, a single-input, dual-output optical path system can be achieved while expanding the beam. Furthermore, the dual-output section is simple and efficient to set up, and the beams coupled out in the dual-output section are synchronously coupled out with the same energy, which is well-suited for binocular vision. The binoculars can acquire light without requiring binocular image merging, improving imaging performance while reducing the difficulty of assembling and adjusting the optical path system. Moreover, it simplifies the optical path system structure, facilitating the realization of a small-volume optical path system and reducing its cost.

[0105] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by the present invention, combined with... Figures 11-15 As shown, the beam splitting phase shifting section 30 includes a first beam splitting phase shifting sub-section 30a and a second beam splitting phase shifting sub-section 30b. The first beam splitting phase shifting sub-section 30a includes at least one stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31, and the second beam splitting phase shifting sub-section 30b includes at least one stage beam splitting phase shifting module 31. The first beam splitting phase shifting sub-section 30a and the second beam splitting phase shifting sub-section 30b are arranged axially symmetrically.

[0106] like Figures 11-15As shown, the beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30 includes a first beam-splitting phase-shifting sub-section 30a and a second beam-splitting phase-shifting sub-section 30b. The coupling-out section includes a first coupling-out section and a second coupling-out section (not shown in the figure). The first coupling-out section is located on the side of the first beam-splitting phase-shifting sub-section 30a away from the second beam-splitting phase-shifting sub-section 30b, and the second coupling-out section is located on the side of the second beam-splitting phase-shifting sub-section 30b away from the first beam-splitting phase-shifting sub-section 30a. The beam expanded by the first beam-splitting phase-shifting sub-section 30a is coupled out from the first coupling-out section, and the beam expanded by the second beam-splitting phase-shifting sub-section 30b is coupled out from the second coupling-out section. By setting the beam-splitting phase-shifting section 30 to include the first beam-splitting phase-shifting sub-section 30a and the second beam-splitting phase-shifting sub-section 30b, a one-in-two-out scheme can be implemented. The two-out scheme is simple and efficient to implement. Furthermore, the first beam splitter phase shifter section 30a and the second beam splitter phase shifter section 30b are arranged symmetrically. In this way, the beam coupled out from the first coupling section after being expanded by the first beam splitter phase shifter section 30a and the beam coupled out from the second coupling section after being expanded by the second beam splitter phase shifter section 30b can be arranged symmetrically, thus ensuring binocular image symmetry and good binocular image fusion effect.

[0107] Furthermore, each beam splitting phase shift sub-section includes at least one beam splitting phase shifting module 31, which can achieve at least two times beam expansion, ensuring that the beam emitted from each coupling sub-section has a large width, improving the imaging effect while facilitating the realization of a small-volume optical path system, and reducing the cost of the optical path system.

[0108] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting section provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 16 As shown, the waveguide structure includes a first beam-splitting phase-shifting section 301 and a second beam-splitting phase-shifting section 302; the first beam-splitting phase-shifting section 301 and the second beam-splitting phase-shifting section 302 are arranged along a second direction.

[0109] In this embodiment, the first beam-splitting phase shift section 301 and the second beam-splitting phase shift section 302 are symmetrically arranged about the boundary line between them. In this embodiment, the first beam-splitting phase shift section 301 and the second beam-splitting phase shift section 302 are arranged along... Figure 16 The configuration is a vertically mirrored splicing configuration in the Y direction, that is, the two beam phase shifting parts are arranged in a symmetrical mirrored arrangement with the boundary line as the center. The two first incident beams L are expanded and split to form eight beams of equal light effect output light, and they are coupled out from both sides.

[0110] In summary, by rationally setting the arrangement of the multi-beam phase shifting section 30, this application can meet the incident requirements of different first incident beams L, achieving small volume and high optical efficiency.

[0111] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of another beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system provided by the present invention. Based on the above embodiments, refer to... Figure 17 The beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system also includes a display structure 2 and an optomechanical structure 3, with the optomechanical structure 3 located in the optical path between the display structure 2 and the waveguide structure 1. Specifically, the display structure 2 provides the incident light beam to generate digital images, such as video footage and navigation information. The display structure 2 includes, but is not limited to, microdisplays such as LCD, micro-OLED, micro-LED, LCoS, DLP, and LBS. The optomechanical structure 3 seamlessly integrates the digital images generated by the microdisplay with the user's real-world view through a series of optical elements, creating an AR display effect.

[0112] Based on the above embodiments, waveguide structure 1 includes a geometric waveguide structure or a diffractive waveguide structure. The geometric waveguide structure, also known as an arrayed waveguide, is a waveguide technology based on traditional geometric optics principles (such as reflection and refraction) rather than diffractive optics principles. For example, a series of highly precise semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror arrays are embedded within a transparent glass or plastic substrate. These mirrors are parallel to each other and arranged at a specific angle. Light propagates and couples to the exit pupil not through diffraction within the waveguide, but through multiple partial reflections between these mirrors. The diffractive waveguide structure has a diffraction grating on it. Using the nanoscale "grating" fabricated on the waveguide structure as a control tool, the virtual image light is guided, copied, and distributed to the user's eye through the diffraction effect. The waveguide structure 1 in this application has various structural configurations, which will not be listed individually in this application.

[0113] Based on the above embodiments, waveguide structure 1 includes a diffractive waveguide structure; coupling section 10 includes a prism or a mirror. Specifically, a dispersion reduction mechanism is proposed here: this application couples the incident light using a prism or mirror as a coupling element, completes beam expansion through a beam-splitting phase-shifting section, and finally couples out from the grating region. This optical path structure design can eliminate the dispersion phenomenon in the coupling and transmission process of traditional diffractive waveguides, greatly reduce the dispersion phenomenon when a single waveguide is used to achieve full-color display, and improve the imaging effect.

[0114] The area of ​​the coupling section 10 is matched with the light spot projected onto the surface of the waveguide structure 1 by the optical engine's pupil, and the area of ​​the coupling section 20 can be reasonably set according to the size of the user's observation area.

[0115] The beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided in this application is suitable for diffractive structures such as straight-tooth gratings, oblique-tooth gratings, surface-embossed gratings, blazed gratings, volume holographic gratings, and elementary gratings in diffractive waveguide applications. Integrating the beam-splitting phase-shifting component into a one-dimensional diffractive waveguide can reduce the volume of the coupled optomechanism by more than 50%. Compared to two-dimensional diffractive waveguides, it can effectively improve optical efficiency. Compared to the problem that the efficiency of traditional two-dimensional diffractive waveguides in the transition region is less than 50% and there is a significant zero-order optical loss of more than 30%, the beam-splitting phase-shifting component provided by this invention can achieve a light energy utilization rate of more than 95%, close to zero light energy loss, thus having high optical efficiency.

[0116] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. Features of the various embodiments of the present invention can be partially or wholly coupled or combined with each other, and can cooperate and be technically driven in various ways. Various obvious changes, readjustments, combinations, and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Many other equivalent embodiments may be included without departing from the concept of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system, characterized in that, Includes at least one waveguide structure; The waveguide structure includes an input section, two output sections, and at least one beam-shifting section. The two said coupling segments are arranged along a first direction, and along the first direction, the beam splitting phase shift segment is located between the two said coupling segments; The beam splitting phase shifting section includes at least one level of beam splitting phase shifting module, and each level of the beam splitting phase shifting module includes at least one beam splitting unit and at least one reflection unit; the beam splitting unit and the reflection unit in the same beam splitting phase shifting module are arranged along a second direction, which intersects with the first direction; Along the second direction, the coupling segment is located on one side of the beam-splitting phase-shifting segment; The beam splitting phase shifting section includes a first beam splitting phase shifting sub-section and a second beam splitting phase shifting sub-section. The first beam splitting phase shifting sub-section includes at least one stage of the beam splitting phase shifting module, and the second beam splitting phase shifting sub-section includes at least one stage of the beam splitting phase shifting module. The first beam phase shifter section and the second beam phase shifter section are arranged symmetrically.

2. The beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The at least one level of the beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level beam splitting phase shifting module, which includes at least one first beam splitting unit and at least one first reflection unit; The beam splitting phase-shifting optical path system also includes a first incident beam; The first beam splitter is located on the propagation path of the first incident beam, and there is an intersection between the plane where the first beam splitter is located and the plane where the first reflection unit is located.

3. The beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The beam-splitting phase-shifting section includes an odd number of beam-splitting phase-shifting modules.

4. The beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The odd-numbered-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level beam splitting phase shifting module, which in turn includes a first-level A beam splitting phase shifting module; the first-level A beam splitting module includes a first-level A beam splitting unit. The two coupling portions include a first coupling portion and a second coupling portion, wherein the first coupling portion is located on the propagation path of the first beam splitter of the first A beam splitter unit, and the second coupling portion is located on the propagation path of the second beam splitter of the first A beam splitter unit.

5. The beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The odd-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level beam splitting phase shifting module, a second-level beam splitting phase shifting module, and a third-level beam splitting phase shifting module; the first-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level A beam splitting phase shifting module; the first-level A beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level A beam splitting unit; The two coupling sections include a first coupling section and a second coupling section; The second-stage beam splitting phase shifting module is located in the optical path between the first beam splitting beam of the first beam splitting unit and the first coupling output portion, and the third-stage beam splitting phase shifting module is located in the optical path between the second beam splitting beam of the first beam splitting unit and the second coupling output portion.

6. The beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second-stage beam splitting phase shifting module includes a second beam splitting unit and a second reflection unit, and the third-stage beam splitting phase shifting module includes a third beam splitting unit and a third reflection unit; The first beam splitter unit A is located on the propagation path of the first incident beam. The first beam splitter unit A's first beam splitter beam is incident on the second beam splitter unit. Part of the first beam splitter beam is transmitted through the second beam splitter unit and then exits. Part of the first beam splitter beam is reflected by the second beam splitter unit and then reflected by the second reflection unit and then exits. The second beam splitter unit A's second beam splitter beam is incident on the first reflection unit. Part of the second beam splitter beam is reflected by the first reflection unit and then transmitted through the third beam splitter unit and then exits. Part of the second beam splitter beam is reflected by the first reflection unit, the third beam splitter unit, and then reflected by the third reflection unit and then exits.

7. The beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first beam splitting unit A includes a transmission-reflection beam splitting unit or a polarization beam splitting unit; the second beam splitting unit includes a transmission-reflection beam splitting unit; and the third beam splitting unit includes a transmission-reflection beam splitting unit.

8. The beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The beam-splitting phase shifting section includes an even number of beam-splitting phase shifting modules.

9. The beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The even-numbered-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level beam splitting phase shifting module and a fourth-level beam splitting phase shifting module; the first-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a first-level B beam splitting phase shifting module, which includes a first B beam splitting unit, a second B beam splitting unit, and a first reflection unit, wherein the planes of the first B beam splitting unit, the second B beam splitting unit, and the first reflection unit intersect; The first beam splitter unit is located on the propagation path of the first incident beam, and the second beam splitter unit and the first reflection unit are located sequentially on the propagation path of the transmitted beam of the first beam splitter unit. The fourth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module includes a fourth beam splitting unit and a fourth reflection unit, which are located sequentially on the propagation path of the reflected beam from the first beam splitting unit.

10. The beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The plane where the first beam splitter unit B is located is parallel to the plane where the second beam splitter unit B is located and the plane where the fourth beam splitter unit is located, and intersects with the plane where the first reflection unit is located; The plane where the fourth beam splitter unit is located intersects with the plane where the fourth reflection unit is located; The two coupling sections include a first coupling section and a second coupling section; The transmitted beam from the first beam splitter unit is reflected by the second beam splitter unit and then coupled out from the second coupling portion; after being transmitted by the second beam splitter unit and reflected by the first reflection unit, it is coupled out from the first coupling portion. The reflected beam from the first beam splitter unit is transmitted through the fourth beam splitter unit and then coupled out from the second coupling portion. After being reflected by the fourth beam splitter unit and the fourth reflection unit, it is coupled out from the first coupling portion.

11. The beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The plane where the first beam splitter unit B is located intersects with the plane where the second beam splitter unit B is located, intersects with the plane where the first reflection unit is located, and is arranged parallel to the plane where the fourth beam splitter unit is located; The plane where the fourth beam splitter is located is parallel to the plane where the fourth reflection unit is located; The two coupling sections include a first coupling section and a second coupling section; The transmitted beam from the first beam splitter unit B is reflected by the second beam splitter unit B and then coupled out from the first coupling-out portion; after being transmitted by the second beam splitter unit B and reflected by the first reflection unit B, it is coupled out from the first coupling-out portion. The reflected beam from the first beam splitter unit is transmitted through the fourth beam splitter unit and then coupled out from the second coupling portion. After being reflected by the fourth beam splitter unit and the fourth reflection unit, it is coupled out from the second coupling portion.

12. The beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first beam splitter unit and the fourth reflection unit are arranged on the same plane.

13. The beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The even-numbered-level beam splitting phase shifting module further includes a fifth-level beam splitting phase shifting module and a sixth-level beam splitting phase shifting module; The fifth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module is located in the optical path between the first-stage beam splitting phase shifting module and the first coupling output section, and the sixth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module is located in the optical path between the fourth-stage beam splitting phase shifting module and the second coupling output section; The fifth-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a fifth A beam splitting unit, a fifth B beam splitting unit, a fifth A reflection unit, and a fifth B reflection unit; The sixth-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a sixth-level beam splitting unit (A), a sixth-level beam splitting unit (B), a sixth-level reflection unit (A), and a sixth-level reflection unit (B). The partially reflected beam from the first reflecting unit is transmitted through the fifth beam splitter and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. The partially reflected beam from the first reflecting unit is reflected by the fifth beam splitter and then by the fifth reflecting unit and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. The partially reflected beam reflected by the fourth reflection unit is transmitted through the fifth beam splitter unit and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. The partially reflected beam reflected by the fourth reflection unit is reflected by the fifth beam splitter unit and then reflected by the fifth reflection unit and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. The partially reflected beam reflected by the second beam splitter unit B is transmitted through the sixth beam splitter unit A and then coupled out from the second coupling portion. The partially reflected beam reflected by the second beam splitter unit B is reflected by the sixth beam splitter unit A and then coupled out from the second coupling portion after being reflected by the sixth reflection unit A. The portion of the transmitted beam transmitted through the fourth beam splitter is transmitted through the sixth beam splitter and then coupled out from the second coupling portion. The portion of the transmitted beam transmitted through the fourth beam splitter is reflected by the sixth beam splitter and the sixth reflection unit and then coupled out from the second coupling portion.

14. The beam-splitting phase-shifting optical path system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The even-numbered beam splitting phase shifting modules also include a seventh-level beam splitting phase shifting module, an eighth-level beam splitting phase shifting module, a ninth-level beam splitting phase shifting module, and a tenth-level beam splitting phase shifting module; The seventh-level beam splitting phase shift module and the eighth-level beam splitting phase shift module are both located in the optical path between the first-level beam splitting phase shift module and the first coupling output section, and the ninth-level beam splitting phase shift module and the tenth-level beam splitting phase shift module are both located in the optical path between the fourth-level beam splitting phase shift module and the second coupling output section; The seventh-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a seventh beam splitting unit and a seventh reflection unit; the eighth-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes an eighth beam splitting unit and an eighth reflection unit; the ninth-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a ninth beam splitting unit and a ninth reflection unit; and the tenth-level beam splitting phase shifting module includes a tenth beam splitting unit and a tenth reflection unit. The partially reflected beam reflected by the second beam splitter unit is transmitted through the eighth beam splitter unit and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. The partially reflected beam reflected by the second beam splitter unit is reflected by the eighth beam splitter unit and then reflected by the eighth reflection unit and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. The partially reflected beam from the first reflecting unit is transmitted through the seventh beam splitter and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. The partially reflected beam from the first reflecting unit is reflected by the seventh beam splitter and then by the seventh reflecting unit and then coupled out from the first coupling portion. A portion of the transmitted light beam transmitted through the fourth beam splitter is transmitted through the ninth beam splitter and then coupled out from the second coupling portion. A portion of the transmitted light beam transmitted through the fourth beam splitter is reflected by the ninth beam splitter and the ninth reflection unit and then coupled out from the second coupling portion. The partially reflected beam reflected by the fourth reflection unit is transmitted through the tenth beam unit and then coupled out from the second coupling portion. The partially reflected beam reflected by the fourth reflection unit is reflected by the tenth beam unit and the tenth reflection unit and then coupled out from the second coupling portion.

Images