A multi-station worktable synchronous machining CNC machine tool

Abstract

This application provides a multi-station CNC machine tool for synchronous machining, specifically relating to the field of CNC machine tool technology. It includes a CNC main body, a main table, a protective cover, a machining head, a fixture table, and a support guide rail assembly. The machining head is located on one side of the CNC main body, and the fixture table is used to load workpiece fixtures. A rotary switching mechanism is located at the center of the main table. This multi-station CNC machine tool, through the rotary switching mechanism at the center of the main table, utilizes the electrical connection between the buffer and linkage components and the twin positioning components, and employs a forced error-prevention method where clamping is triggered only when the fixture table is pushed into place, and locking the clamp if it is not in place. This solves the defects of existing multi-station CNC machine tools, such as rigid impact when the fixture is pushed in, machining deviations caused by improper clamping, and poor coordination between station switching and clamping positioning. It achieves smooth multi-station switching, precise clamping error prevention, stable and reliable machining positioning, and high machining efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application provides a multi-station CNC machine tool for synchronous machining, specifically relating to the field of CNC machine tool technology. Background Technology

[0002] In CNC machine tools, equipment that enables continuous workpiece machining through multi-station switching and synchronous positioning and clamping is mainly used to improve machining efficiency and reduce equipment downtime. The core lies in the coordinated operation of station switching, fixture positioning, and machining actions. Currently, the industry mostly adopts rotary or exchangeable worktable structures to achieve multi-station flow processing.

[0003] For example, the multi-station rotary table proposed in patent CN112388579A uses a turntable and indexing positioning structure to achieve station switching, but this type of structure still has obvious shortcomings in actual use: First, the lack of cushioning protection when the fixture is pushed into the workstation makes it prone to rigid impacts, which can affect positioning accuracy over time. Furthermore, the fixture's positioning relies solely on simple limit switches without any forced error prevention structure, making it easy for machining to start before proper clamping, leading to workpiece deviations or even scrap. In addition, the lack of linkage between workstation switching and clamping actions results in an unsmooth connection between loading / unloading and machining, making it difficult to meet the demands of stable, efficient, and high-precision batch processing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the existing technology, this application provides a multi-station CNC machine tool for synchronous machining, which can effectively solve the related technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: This application discloses a multi-station CNC machine tool for synchronous machining, including a CNC main body, a main table, a protective cover, a machining head, a fixture table, and a support guide rail assembly; The main unit is fixedly installed at the center of the top surface of the CNC main body, the protective cover is fixedly installed on the periphery of the top surface of the CNC main body, the machining head is installed on one side of the CNC main body, and the fixture table is used to load the workpiece fixture. The main unit is equipped with a rotary switching mechanism at its center; The rotary switching mechanism includes a stepping rotary component, a guide component, a buffer and linkage component, and a dual positioning component; The stepping rotary assembly is used to realize multi-station rotary switching and machining station positioning reinforcement; the guide assembly is used for pushing the fixture table into the station; the buffer and linkage assembly is used for pushing the fixture table into the station and for position detection and linkage triggering; and the twin positioning assembly is used for clamping and positioning the fixture table after it is in place. The buffer and linkage component is electrically connected to the twin positioning component. After the fixture platform is pushed into place, the buffer and linkage component triggers the twin positioning component to achieve clamping and positioning.

[0006] In summary, the technical solution provided in this application has at least one of the following advantages compared with the prior art: This multi-station CNC machine tool synchronously processes CNC machines by setting a rotary switching mechanism at the center of the main table. It utilizes the electrical connection between the buffer and linkage components and the twin positioning components, and adopts a forced error prevention method that triggers clamping only when the fixture table is pushed into place and locks the clamping if it is not in place. This solves the defects of existing multi-station CNC machine tools, such as rigid impact when the fixture is pushed in, machining deviation caused by improper clamping, and poor coordination between station switching and clamping positioning. It achieves the effects of smooth multi-station switching, accurate clamping and error prevention, stable and reliable machining positioning, and high machining efficiency. The lifting and positioning structure only provides partial clamping to the machining station of the rotary table, eliminating the need to lift the entire rotary table. This significantly reduces the load on the rotary drive, resulting in faster indexing response and more stable positioning. The inclined plane transmission method converts horizontal thrust into vertical clamping force, effectively counteracting cutting vibrations during machining, reducing fixture table offsetting and wobbling, continuously ensuring workpiece machining accuracy, reducing structural wear, and extending the overall service life of the equipment. The buffer and linkage structures are designed to follow the movement, allowing buffer displacement to be directly converted into signal-triggered displacement without the need for separate calibration and debugging. This simplifies the structure while improving the reliability of positioning detection. The support guide rail assembly is flush with the twin guide rails, ensuring a stepless and smooth insertion of the fixture platform. Combined with a flexible buffer stop, it avoids damage from rigid collisions and reduces resistance for operators, making loading and unloading operations smoother and improving the overall ease of operation. The infrared sensors and limit switches at the loading and unloading stations form a dual signal interlock, and the clamping action can only be resumed after the fixture table is fully pushed into place, further enhancing the clamping error prevention capability. The gearbox can increase output torque and suppress rotational inertia, preventing lateral movement after the rotary table is indexed, ensuring repeatability of positioning accuracy during multi-station switching, keeping the processing reference consistent across stations, and adapting to batch continuous processing scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a front-view stereoscopic structural diagram of this application; Figure 2 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of relevant components in the overall structure of the rotary switching mechanism in this application; Figure 3 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the related components of the stepper rotary assembly and guide assembly in this application; Figure 4This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the rotary table and related components supporting the workstation in this application; Figure 5 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the components related to the lifting and positioning structure in this application; Figure 6 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the components related to the cooperation between the guide assembly and the fixture platform in this application; Figure 7 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the relevant components of the buffer and linkage assembly in this application; Figure 8 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the relevant components at the twin positioning assembly in this application; Figure 9 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the components related to the cooperation between the buffer structure and the linkage structure in this application; Figure 10 For this application Figure 9 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the partial motion of the clamping fixture platform of the twin positioning component in this application.

[0008] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. CNC machine body; 11. Machine table; 12. Protective cover; 13. Machining head; 14. Fixture table; 2. Rotary switching mechanism; 21. Stepper rotary assembly; 211. Rotary table; 212. Stepper motor; 213. Gearbox; 214. Lifting and positioning structure; 2141. Convex platform; 2142. T-shaped positioning block; 2143. Limiting groove block; 2144. Wedge-shaped top block; 2145. Servo cylinder; 22. Guide assembly; 221. Twin guide rails; 222. Pulleys; 23. Buffer and linkage components; 231. Buffer structure; 2311. Buffer baffle; 2312. Buffer cylinder; 2313. Stepped rod; 2314. Buffer spring; 2315. Buffer stop; 232. Linkage structure; 2321. Linkage slide rod; 2322. Limit switch; 24. Twin positioning assembly; 241. Positioning cylinder; 242. Positioning slot plate; 3. Support rail assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0009] The present application will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0010] This application is an iteration and structural improvement of the technical solution of patent application number 202610114172.4. This application fully utilizes the mature and stable load-bearing and guiding structure of the prior application. The fixture platform 14 is completely identical in structure and function to the fixture platform 217 in the prior application, and the support guide rail assembly 3 is completely identical in structure and function to the X-direction support guide rail 215 in the prior application. While retaining the original reliable components, further optimizations are made to address practical issues such as multi-station switching, clamping error prevention, and processing rigidity, thus forming the complete technical solution of this application. First Embodiment

[0011] Reference Figures 1 to 10 As shown, a multi-station CNC machine tool for synchronous processing includes a CNC main body 1, a main table 11, a protective cover 12, a processing head 13, a fixture table 14, and a support guide rail assembly 3.

[0012] Specifically, the main machine table 11 is fixedly installed at the center of the top surface of the CNC main body 1, the protective cover 12 is fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the top surface of the CNC main body 1, the machining head 13 is installed on one side of the CNC main body 1, and the fixture table 14 is used to load the workpiece fixture.

[0013] As a further implementation, a rotary switching mechanism 2 is provided at the center of the main unit 11; the rotary switching mechanism 2 includes a stepping rotary component 21, a guide component 22, a buffer and linkage component 23 and a twin positioning component 24.

[0014] The functions are as follows: the stepping rotary assembly 21 is used to realize multi-station rotary switching and machining station positioning and reinforcement; the guide assembly 22 is used for pushing the fixture table 14 in and guiding it; the buffer and linkage assembly 23 is used for pushing the fixture table 14 in and buffering it in, as well as for position detection and linkage triggering; and the twin positioning assembly 24 is used for clamping and positioning the fixture table 14 after it is in place.

[0015] The buffer and linkage component 23 is electrically connected to the twin positioning component 24. After the fixture platform 14 is pushed into place, the buffer and linkage component 23 triggers the twin positioning component 24 to achieve clamping and positioning.

[0016] Specifically, if the fixture platform 14 is not pushed into place, the buffer and linkage component 23 will not output a trigger signal, and the twin positioning component 24 will not be able to perform the clamping action, thereby forming a forced error prevention effect.

[0017] Specifically, the stepper rotary assembly 21 includes a rotary table 211, a stepper drive structure, and a lifting and positioning structure 214. The rotary table 211 is rotatably positioned at the center of the main unit 11, and multiple workstations are arranged in a ring on the rotary table 211, each workstation being adapted to place a fixture platform 14.

[0018] The function is that the stepper drive structure is used to drive the rotary table 211 to rotate to achieve station switching, and the lifting and positioning structure 214 is set on the main machine table 11 and located directly below the processing station, and is used to lift and position the rotary table 211 at the processing station.

[0019] The lifting and positioning structure 214 only acts on the processing station area of ​​the rotary table 211, rather than lifting the rotary table 211 as a whole, thereby reducing the rotation drive load and improving the indexing response speed and positioning stability.

[0020] Specifically, the stepper drive structure includes a stepper motor 212 and a gearbox 213; the output shaft of the stepper motor 212 is connected to the power input end of the gearbox 213, and the power output end of the gearbox 213 is connected to the rotating shaft of the rotary table 211.

[0021] The function of the gearbox 213 is to increase the output torque and suppress rotational inertia, ensuring that there is no lateral movement after the rotary table 211 is indexed into position.

[0022] Specifically, the lifting and positioning structure 214 includes a convex platform 2141, a T-shaped positioning block 2142, a limiting groove block 2143, a wedge-shaped top block 2144, and a servo cylinder 2145.

[0023] A convex platform 2141 is fixed to the main unit 11. A T-shaped positioning block 2142 is slidably disposed on the top of the convex platform 2141. A limiting groove block 2143 is fixed to the convex platform 2141 and located below the T-shaped positioning block 2142. A wedge-shaped top block 2144 is slidably disposed on the limiting groove block 2143 and its top surface is in contact with the bottom surface of the T-shaped positioning block 2142. A servo cylinder 2145 is fixed to the convex platform 2141 and its telescopic end is fixedly connected to the wedge-shaped top block 2144.

[0024] Servo cylinder 2145 drives wedge-shaped top block 2144 to move horizontally. Through the inclined surface cooperation, the horizontal thrust is converted into vertical clamping force, so that T-shaped positioning block 2142 pushes upward against the bottom surface of rotary table 211 to counteract processing vibration.

[0025] The guide assembly 22 includes a twin guide rail 221 and several pulleys 222; the twin guide rail 221 is disposed on both sides of each station of the rotary table 211, and the pulleys 222 are rotatably disposed inside the twin guide rail 221. The twin guide rail 221 of the loading and unloading station corresponds to the position of the support guide rail assembly 3.

[0026] The support guide rail assembly 3 is flush with the height of the twin guide rails 221, so that the fixture platform 14 can transition smoothly without any steps or jamming.

[0027] Specifically, the buffer and linkage component 23 includes a buffer structure 231 and a linkage structure 232. The buffer structure 231 is fixed to the center side of each station of the rotary table 211 and is used for buffering and limiting the insertion of the fixture platform 14. The linkage structure 232 is set in conjunction with the buffer structure 231 and is used to detect the positioning status of the fixture platform 14 and output a trigger signal.

[0028] The buffer structure 231 and the linkage structure 232 are an integrated follower structure. The buffer displacement is directly converted into signal trigger displacement, without the need for separate calibration.

[0029] The buffer structure 231 includes a buffer baffle 2311, a buffer cylinder 2312, a stepped rod 2313, a buffer spring 2314, and a buffer stop 2315. The buffer cylinder 2312 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the buffer baffle 2311. The stepped rod 2313 is movably inserted into the buffer cylinder 2312. The buffer spring 2314 connects the inner end of the stepped rod 2313 to the inner wall of the buffer cylinder 2312. The buffer stop 2315 is fixed to the outer end of the stepped rod 2313.

[0030] The buffer abutment 2315 is a flexible contact to avoid rigid impact on the fixture platform 14; the buffer spring 2314 can automatically reset to ensure cyclic use.

[0031] The linkage structure 232 includes a linkage slide rod 2321 and a limit switch 2322. The linkage slide rod 2321 is fixed to the inner end of the step rod 2313 and extends to the outside of the buffer cylinder 2312. The limit switch 2322 is fixed on the rotary table 211 and corresponds to the position of the linkage slide rod 2321. The limit switch 2322 is electrically connected to the twin positioning assembly 24.

[0032] When the fixture platform 14 is in place, the step rod 2313 drives the linkage slide rod 2321 to trigger the limit switch 2322. The limit switch 2322 outputs an electrical signal to the control unit, and the control unit drives the positioning cylinder 241 to move.

[0033] The twin positioning assembly 24 includes a positioning cylinder 241 and a positioning slot plate 242. The positioning cylinder 241 is located on both sides of each station of the rotary table 211, and the positioning slot plate 242 is fixed to the telescopic end of the positioning cylinder 241. The positioning slot plate 242 is provided with an adapter slot that is adapted to the outer side of the fixture table 14.

[0034] The positioning slots 242 on both sides clamp synchronously, so that the fixture table 14 is centered and the machining reference is consistent. Second Embodiment

[0035] This embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, except that: the loading and unloading station of the rotary switching mechanism 2 is equipped with an infrared sensor; the infrared sensor is electrically connected to the positioning cylinder 241 and is used to detect whether the fixture table 14 enters the loading and unloading area.

[0036] When the infrared sensor detects the entry of the fixture platform 14, it outputs a signal to the control unit. The control unit controls the positioning cylinder 241 to automatically retract, and the positioning slot plate 242 releases the fixture platform 14 to facilitate the picking and placing of workpieces.

[0037] The infrared sensor and the limit switch 2322 form a dual signal interlock to ensure that the clamping action can only be resumed after the fixture platform 14 is fully pushed into place.

[0038] The complete working and usage principle of the above embodiments is as follows: The operator first pushes the jig plate 14 smoothly along the support guide rail assembly 3 to the corresponding position of the rotary table 211 at the loading and unloading station. The jig plate 14 will first hit the buffer abutment 2315, and the buffer spring 2314 will absorb the impact force to avoid damage from hard collision.

[0039] When the fixture platform 14 is pushed into place, the step rod 2313 will move synchronously with the linkage slide rod 2321, triggering the limit switch 2322 to send a signal, and the positioning cylinder 241 will then drive the positioning slot plate 242 to clamp the fixture platform 14.

[0040] Subsequently, the stepper motor 212 drives the rotary table 211 to rotate and index through the gearbox 213, sending the fixture table 14 with the workpiece loaded to the processing station. The servo cylinder 2145 drives the wedge-shaped top block 2144 to move horizontally, so that the T-shaped positioning block 2142 presses upward against the processing position of the rotary table 211 to counteract the vibration during processing. Then, the processing head 13 can perform normal processing.

[0041] After processing is completed, the lifting and positioning structure 214 is reset, and the rotary table 211 rotates again. When the infrared sensor at the loading and unloading station detects that the fixture table 14 is loaded with the processed workpiece, it will control the positioning cylinder 241 to automatically release, so that the operator can easily remove the fixture table 14. Then, the processed workpieces on the fixture table 14 can be removed one by one, and then another fixture table 14 loaded with the workpiece to be processed can be put back.

[0042] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. These modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that in this application, the rotating, sliding, meshing, belt-driven and other moving parts are well lubricated and not prone to slipping or wear, and each of them is provided with a corresponding protective shell. However, in the accompanying drawings of this application, the connection state of each moving part is not shown. It should also be understood that each part in this application is made of metal or plastic material with adaptable strength in the relevant field to ensure that its structural rigidity meets the actual requirements.

Claims

1. A multi-station CNC machine tool for synchronous processing, comprising a CNC main body (1), a main table (11), a protective cover (12), a processing head (13), a fixture table (14), and a support guide rail assembly (3). The main machine table (11) is fixedly installed at the center of the top surface of the CNC main body (1), the protective cover (12) is fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the top surface of the CNC main body (1), the machining head (13) is installed on one side of the CNC main body (1), and the fixture table (14) is used to load the workpiece fixture. Its features are: The main unit (11) is equipped with a rotary switching mechanism (2) at its center. The rotary switching mechanism (2) includes a stepping rotary component (21), a guide component (22), a buffer and linkage component (23), and a twin positioning component (24). The stepping rotary assembly (21) is used to realize multi-station rotary switching and machining station positioning reinforcement; the guide assembly (22) is used for pushing the fixture plate (14) in; the buffer and linkage assembly (23) is used for pushing the fixture plate (14) in and for position detection and linkage triggering; and the twin positioning assembly (24) is used for clamping and positioning the fixture plate (14) after it is in place. The buffer and linkage component (23) is electrically connected to the twin positioning component (24). After the fixture platform (14) is pushed into place, the buffer and linkage component (23) triggers the twin positioning component (24) to achieve clamping and positioning.

2. The multi-station CNC machine tool for synchronous machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stepping rotary assembly (21) includes a rotary table (211), a stepping drive structure and a lifting and positioning structure (214). The rotary table (211) is rotatably set at the center of the main machine (11). Multiple workstations are arranged in a ring on the rotary table (211), and each workstation is adapted to place a fixture table (14). The stepper drive structure is used to drive the rotary table (211) to rotate to achieve station switching. The lifting and positioning structure (214) is set on the main unit (11) and located directly below the processing station, and is used to lift and position the rotary table (211) processing station.

3. The CNC machine tool with multi-station synchronous machining as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The stepper drive structure includes a stepper motor (212) and a gearbox (213). The output shaft of the stepper motor (212) is connected to the power input end of the gearbox (213), and the power output end of the gearbox (213) is connected to the rotating shaft of the rotary table (211).

4. The CNC machine tool with multi-station synchronous machining as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The lifting and positioning structure (214) includes a convex platform (2141), a T-shaped positioning block (2142), a limiting groove block (2143), a wedge-shaped top block (2144), and a servo cylinder (2145). The convex platform (2141) is fixed on the host platform (11), the T-shaped positioning block (2142) is slidably disposed on the top of the convex platform (2141), the limiting groove block (2143) is fixed on the convex platform (2141) and located below the T-shaped positioning block (2142), the wedge-shaped top block (2144) is slidably disposed on the limiting groove block (2143) and its top surface is in contact with the bottom surface of the T-shaped positioning block (2142), the servo cylinder (2145) is fixed on the convex platform (2141) and its telescopic end is fixedly connected to the wedge-shaped top block (2144).

5. The CNC machine tool with multi-station synchronous machining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The guide assembly (22) includes twin guide rails (221) and a plurality of pulleys (222). The twin guide rails (221) are respectively located on both sides of each station of the rotary table (211), and the pulleys (222) are rotatably set inside the twin guide rails (221). The twin guide rails (221) of the loading and unloading stations correspond to the positions of the support guide rail assembly (3).

6. The CNC machine tool with multi-station synchronous machining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer and linkage component (23) includes a buffer structure (231) and a linkage structure (232). The buffer structure (231) is fixed on the center side of each station of the rotary table (211) and is used for the jig plate (14) to be pushed in for buffering and limiting. The linkage structure (232) is set in conjunction with the buffer structure (231) to detect the position of the jig plate (14) and output a trigger signal.

7. The multi-station CNC machine tool for synchronous machining according to claim 6, characterized in that, The buffer structure (231) includes a buffer baffle (2311), a buffer cylinder (2312), a step bar (2313), a buffer spring (2314), and a buffer abutment (2315). The buffer cylinder (2312) is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the buffer baffle (2311), the step rod (2313) is movably inserted into the buffer cylinder (2312), the buffer spring (2314) connects the inner end of the step rod (2313) to the inner wall of the buffer cylinder (2312), and the buffer abutment (2315) is fixed to the outer end of the step rod (2313).

8. The multi-station CNC machine tool for synchronous machining according to claim 6, characterized in that, The linkage structure (232) includes a linkage slide rod (2321) and a limit switch (2322). The linkage slide bar (2321) is fixed to the inner end of the step bar (2313) and extends to the outside of the buffer cylinder (2312). The limit switch (2322) is fixed on the rotary table (211) and corresponds to the position of the linkage slide bar (2321). The limit switch (2322) is electrically connected to the twin positioning assembly (24).

9. The CNC machine tool with multi-station synchronous machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The twin positioning assembly (24) includes a positioning cylinder (241) and a positioning slot plate (242). The positioning cylinders (241) are respectively located on both sides of each work station of the rotary table (211), and the positioning slot plate (242) is fixed to the telescopic end of the positioning cylinder (241). The positioning slot plate (242) is provided with an adaptation slot that is compatible with the outer side of the fixture table (14).

10. The CNC machine tool with multi-station synchronous machining according to claim 9, characterized in that, The rotary switching mechanism (2) is equipped with an infrared sensor at its loading and unloading station; The infrared sensor is electrically connected to the positioning cylinder (241) and is used to control the extension and retraction of the positioning cylinder (241) to realize the automatic release and release of the fixture platform (14).

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