Light-emitting elements and nitrogen-containing compounds used in light-emitting elements

Abstract

This application relates to light-emitting elements and nitrogen-containing compounds for use in light-emitting elements. The light-emitting element may include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and at least one functional layer disposed between the first and second electrodes. The at least one functional layer may include a nitrogen-containing compound represented by any one of the following formulas 1-1 to 1-4. All variables in formulas 1-1 to 1-4 are described in detail herein. The light-emitting element may exhibit excellent color reproduction and may have long element lifetime characteristics. [Formula 1-1]

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This patent application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0198986, filed on December 27, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to light-emitting elements and nitrogen-containing compounds for use in light-emitting elements. Background Technology

[0004] Recently, organic electroluminescent display devices have been actively developed as image display devices. Organic electroluminescent display devices are display devices that include so-called self-emissive light-emitting elements. Self-emissive light-emitting elements cause holes and electrons injected from the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively, to recombine in the emitting layer, thereby emitting light using the emitting material in the emitting layer to realize the display.

[0005] When light-emitting elements are applied to display devices, there is a demand for improvements such as high luminous efficiency and long element lifespan, and there is a continuous demand for the development of materials for light-emitting elements that can reliably achieve these improvements. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This disclosure provides a light-emitting element with improved luminous efficiency and element life.

[0007] This disclosure also provides nitrogen-containing compounds that have improved material life.

[0008] This disclosure also provides electronic devices including light-emitting elements with improved luminous efficiency and element life to achieve superior display quality.

[0009] One aspect of this disclosure provides a light-emitting element comprising a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode, and at least one functional layer disposed between the first and second electrodes and comprising a nitrogen-containing compound represented by any one of the following formulas 1-1 to 1-4.

[0010] [Equation 1-1]

[0011]

[0012] In Formula 1-1 above, R1 to R5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Any one of R1 to R5 is a substituent represented by Formula 2 below, and at least one of R1 to R5 is a substituent represented by Formula 3 below.

[0013] [Equation 1-2]

[0014]

[0015] In Formulas 1-2 above, R6 to R9 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Any one of R6 to R9 is a substituent represented by Formula 2 below, and at least one of R6 to R9 is a substituent represented by Formula 3 below.

[0016] [Equation 1-3]

[0017]

[0018] In equation 1-3 above, R 10 To R 13 Each of the following is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituent represented by Formula 2 below, or a substituent represented by Formula 3 below, R 10 To R 13 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 2 below, and R 10 To R 13 At least one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 3 below.

[0019] [Equations 1-4]

[0020]

[0021] In equation 1-4 above, R 14 To R16 Each of the following is independently composed of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms; R 14 To R 16 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 2 below, and R 14 To R 16 At least one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 3 below.

[0022] [Equation 2]

[0023]

[0024] In Formula 2 above, X1 to X3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For the part that connects to any of the above Equations 1-1 to 1-4.

[0025] [Formula 3]

[0026]

[0027] In Formula 3 above, any one of Y1 to Y8 is a substituent represented by Formula 4 below, and the remaining Y1 to Y8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For the part connected to any of the above equations 1-1 to 1-4:

[0028] [Formula 4]

[0029]

[0030] In Formula 4 above, X is O, S or NA9, any one of A1 to A9 is a part connected to Formula 3 above, and the remaining A1 to A9 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0031] In one aspect, at least one functional layer may include a hole transport region disposed on the first electrode, an emitter layer disposed on the hole transport region, and an electron transport region disposed on the emitter layer, and at least one of the hole transport region and the emitter layer may include a first compound represented by any one of the above formulas 1-1 to 1-4.

[0032] In one aspect, the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer disposed on the first electrode and a hole transport layer disposed on the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer may include a first compound represented by any one of the above formulas 1-1 to 1-4.

[0033] In one aspect, the hole transport layer may include a first hole transport layer disposed on the hole injection layer and a second hole transport layer disposed on the first hole transport layer, and the second hole transport layer includes a first compound represented by any one of the above formulas 1-1 to 1-4.

[0034] In one aspect, the first hole transport layer may include a compound represented by the following formula H-1.

[0035] [Formula H-1]

[0036]

[0037] In the above formula H-1, L1 and L2 can each independently be a directly connected, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms; Ar1 ​​and Ar2 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms; Ar3 can be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms; and a and b can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10.

[0038] In one aspect, the emitter layer may include a host and a dopant doped into the host, and the host may include a first compound represented by any one of Formulas 1-1 to 1-4 above.

[0039] In one aspect, the body may further include a second compound that is different from the first compound, and the second compound is represented by the following formula ET-1.

[0040] [Formula ET-1]

[0041]

[0042] In the above equation ET-1, Z1 to Z3 can all be N, L 11 To L 13Each can be independently a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. 11 To Ar 13 Each of the following can be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and each of c to e can be independently an integer selected from 0 to 10.

[0043] In one aspect, the substituent represented by Formula 3 above is represented by Formula 3-1 or Formula 3-2 below.

[0044] [Equation 3-1]

[0045]

[0046] [Equation 3-2]

[0047]

[0048] In equations 3-1 and 3-2 above, Y 11 and Y 12 Each of the atoms can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, n1 and n2 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 7, and "D" can be a deuterium atom. In formulas 3-1 and 3-2 above, For any of Equations 1-1 to 1-4.

[0049] In one respect, the substituent represented by Equation 2 above can be represented by any one of Equations 2-1 to 2-6 below.

[0050] [Equation 2-1]

[0051]

[0052] [Equation 2-2]

[0053]

[0054] [Equation 2-3]

[0055]

[0056] [Equation 2-4]

[0057]

[0058] [Equation 2-5]

[0059]

[0060] [Equation 2-6]

[0061]

[0062] In equations 2-1 to 2-6 above, "D" can represent a deuterium atom. For any of Equations 1-1 to 1-4.

[0063] In one respect, the first compound represented by Formula 1-1 above can be represented by any one of Formulas 1-1-1 to 1-1-6 below.

[0064] [Equation 1-1-1]

[0065]

[0066] [Equation 1-1-2]

[0067]

[0068] [Equation 1-1-3]

[0069]

[0070] [Equation 1-1-4]

[0071]

[0072] [Equation 1-1-5]

[0073]

[0074] [Equation 1-1-6]

[0075]

[0076] In equations 1-1-1 to 1-1-6 above, R x1 To R x18 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, R z1 To R z18 Each of these can be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in formula 1-1-1 above, R y1 To Ry8 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R y1 To R y8 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, in equation 1-1-2 above, R y9 To R y16 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R y9 To R y16 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, in equation 1-1-3 above, R y17 To R y24 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R y17 To R y24 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, in equation 1-1-4 above, R y25 To R y32 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R y25 To R y32 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, in equation 1-1-5 above, R y33 To R y40 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R y33 To R y40 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, and in Equation 1-1-6 above, R y41 To R y48 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R y41 To R y48 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0077] In one aspect, the first compound represented by the above formula 1-2 is represented by any one of the following formulas 1-2-1 to 1-2-4.

[0078] [Equation 1-2-1]

[0079]

[0080] [Equation 1-2-2]

[0081]

[0082] [Equation 1-2-3]

[0083]

[0084] [Equation 1-2-4]

[0085]

[0086] In equations 1-2-1 to 1-2-4 above, R a1 To R a12 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, R c1 To R c8 Each of these can be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in formula 1-2-1 above, R b1 To R b8 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R b1 To R b8 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, in equation 1-2-2 above, R b9 To R b16 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R b9 To R b16 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, in equation 1-2-3 above, R b17 To R b24 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R b17 To R b24 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, and in equation 1-2-4 above, R b25 To R b32 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R b25 To R b32 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0087] In one respect, the first compound represented by the above formula 1-3 can be represented by the following formula 1-3-1.

[0088] [Equation 1-3-1]

[0089]

[0090] In equation 1-3-1 above, R r1 and R r2Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, R q1 To R q3 Each of them can be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R w1 To R w8 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R w1 To R w8 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0091] In one respect, the first compound is represented by any one of the compounds in compound group 1.

[0092] In one aspect of this disclosure, nitrogen-containing compounds are represented by any one of Formulas 1-1 to 1-4.

[0093] In one aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device for displaying an image includes a display device and a control component configured to control the display device. The display device includes a substrate layer, a circuit layer disposed on the substrate layer, and a display element layer disposed on the circuit layer and including a light-emitting element. The light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and at least one functional layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first compound represented by any one of the above formulas 1-1 to 1-4. Attached Figure Description

[0094] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of various aspects of this disclosure, and are incorporated in and form a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various aspects of this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. In the drawings:

[0095] Figure 1 To illustrate the plan view of a display device based on one aspect;

[0096] Figure 2 To explain along Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the portion intercepted by line I-I' in the diagram;

[0097] Figure 3 For illustrative purposes, a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element is provided.

[0098] Figure 4A For illustrative purposes, a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element is provided.

[0099] Figure 4B For illustrative purposes, a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element is provided.

[0100] Figure 5 For illustrative purposes, a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element is provided.

[0101] Figure 6 For illustrative purposes, a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element is provided.

[0102] Figure 7 To illustrate a cross-sectional view of a display device based on one aspect;

[0103] Figure 8 To illustrate a cross-sectional view of a display device based on one aspect;

[0104] Figure 9 To illustrate a cross-sectional view of a display device based on one aspect;

[0105] Figure 10 To illustrate a cross-sectional view of a display device based on one aspect;

[0106] Figure 11 Schematic diagrams of electronic devices according to various embodiments are shown; and

[0107] Figure 12 This is a view of the interior of a vehicle equipped with a display device based on one aspect. Detailed Implementation

[0108] It should be understood that various aspects of this disclosure can be modified in various ways and have many forms, and therefore specific aspects will be illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. However, it is not intended to limit this disclosure to the specific forms disclosed, but rather to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

[0109] When interpreting each accompanying drawing, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same elements. In the accompanying drawings, for clarity of this disclosure, the dimensions of each structure are illustrated in magnified form. It will be understood that although the terms “first,” “second,” etc., may be used herein to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of several aspects of this disclosure, a first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, a second component may be referred to as a first component. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to also include the plural forms.

[0110] In this disclosure, words such as "comprising" or "having" indicate the presence of features, quantities, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof disclosed in the specification, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof.

[0111] In this disclosure, when a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being "on" another layer, film, region, or plate or "in the upper part of" another layer, film, region, or plate, it can not only be "directly on" the layer, film, region, or plate, but also may have an intermediate layer, film, region, or plate. Conversely, when a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being "below" another layer, film, region, or plate or "in the lower part of" another layer, film, region, or plate, it can not only be directly below the layer, film, region, or plate, but also may have an intermediate layer, film, region, or plate. Furthermore, it will be understood that when a component is referred to as being "on" another component, it can be disposed above the other component or below the other component.

[0112] As used herein, integers selected from 0 to 3 refer to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; integers selected from 0 to 4 refer to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; integers selected from 0 to 5 refer to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; integers selected from 0 to 7 refer to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; integers selected from 0 to 8 refer to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8; integers selected from 0 to 9 refer to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9; and integers selected from 0 to 10 refer to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

[0113] In this specification, the term "substituted or unsubstituted" may mean unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, amino, silyl, oxygen, thio, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, carbonyl, boron, phosphonyl oxide, phosphonyl sulfide, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and heterocyclic. Furthermore, each of the substituents exemplified above may be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, biphenyl may be interpreted as aryl or a phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group.

[0114] In the specification, the phrase "bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring" can mean that a group bonds to an adjacent group to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle. Hydrocarbon rings include aliphatic hydrocarbon rings and aromatic hydrocarbon rings. Heterocycles include aliphatic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Hydrocarbon rings and heterocycles can be monocyclic or polycyclic. Furthermore, rings formed by bonding to each other can connect to another ring to form a spirostructure.

[0115] In this specification, the term "adjacent group" can mean a substituent that replaces an atom directly bonded to the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, another substituent that replaces the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, or a substituent located spatially closest to the corresponding substituent. For example, the two methyl groups in 1,2-xylene can be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other, and the two ethyl groups in 1,1-diethylcyclopentane can be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other. Additionally, the two methyl groups in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene can be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other.

[0116] In the specification, examples of halogen atoms may include fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, or iodine atoms.

[0117] In the specification, alkyl groups may be straight-chain or branched. The number of carbon atoms in an alkyl group is 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6. Examples of alkyl groups may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butylhexyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 2-ethylheptyl, 2-butylheptyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, adamantyl, 2-ethyldecyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldecyl, n-undecyl The compounds include n-dodecyl, 2-ethyldodecyl, 2-butyldodecyl, 2-hexyldodecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecanyl, n-hexadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-butylhexadecyl, 2-hexylhexadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-heptadecyl, 2-ethyleicosyl, 2-butyleicosyl, 2-hexyleicosyl, 2-octyleicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, etc., but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0118] In this specification, cycloalkyl may mean cycloalkyl. The number of carbon atoms in a cycloalkyl group is 3 to 50, 3 to 30, 3 to 20, or 3 to 10. Examples of cycloalkyl groups may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, norbornyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, isobornyl, dicycloheptyl, etc., but many aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0119] In this specification, alkenyl means a hydrocarbon group comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms. Alkenyl groups can be straight-chain or branched. The number of carbon atoms in an alkenyl group is not specifically limited, but is 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkenyl groups include vinyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, styryl, styrylvinyl, etc., but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0120] In this specification, alkynyl means a hydrocarbon group comprising at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms. The alkynyl group can be straight-chain or branched. While the number of carbon atoms in the alkynyl group is not specifically limited, it is 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Specific examples of alkynyl groups may include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, propynyl, etc.

[0121] In this specification, cycloalkyl group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon ring. A cycloalkyl group can be a saturated cycloalkyl group having 5 to 20 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0122] In this specification, aryl means any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. Aryl can be monocyclic or polycyclic. The number of cyclic carbon atoms in the aryl group can be 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracene, phenanthryl, biphenyl, terphenyl, tetraphenyl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, triphenylene, pyrene, benzofluoranthracene, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, etc., but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0123] In this specification, the fluorene group may be substituted, and two substituents may bond to each other to form a spirostructure. Examples of substituted fluorene groups are given below. However, several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0124]

[0125] In this document, "heterocyclic group" refers to any functional group or substituent derived from a ring containing at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. Heterocyclic groups include aliphatic heterocyclic groups and aromatic heterocyclic groups. Aromatic heterocyclic groups can be heteroaryl. Aliphatic and aromatic heterocyclic groups can be monocyclic or polycyclic.

[0126] In the specification, the heterocyclic group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. If the heterocyclic group contains two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic group, and may include heteroaryl groups. The number of cyclic carbon atoms in the heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10.

[0127] In the specification, the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. The number of cyclic carbon atoms in the aliphatic heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of aliphatic heterocyclic groups may include ethylene oxide, thiopropylcycloyl, pyrrolyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, thiaalkyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1,4-dioxane, etc., but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0128] In the specification, the heteroaryl group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. If the heteroaryl group contains two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heteroaryl group may be a monocyclic heteroaryl or a polycyclic heteroaryl. The number of cyclic carbon atoms in the heteroaryl group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of heteroaryl groups may include thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, acridineyl, pyridazinyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, pyrazinopyrazinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, carbazoleyl, N-arylcarbazoleyl, N-heteroarylcarbazoleyl, N-alkylcarbazoleyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzocarbazoleyl, benzothiaphenyl, dibenzothiaphenyl, thiaphenothiaphenyl, benzofuranyl, phenanthrololinyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, dibenzothiaryl, dibenzofuranyl, etc., but many aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0129] In the specification, the above description of aryl can be applied to arylene groups, the difference being that arylene groups are divalent groups. Similarly, the above description of heteroaryl can be applied to heteroarylene groups, the difference being that heteroarylene groups are divalent groups.

[0130] In this specification, silane includes alkylsilane or arylsilane. The alkyl group in alkylsilane can be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in alkylsilane is not specifically limited, but can be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in arylsilane is not specifically limited, but can be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of silane may include trimethylsilane, triethylsilane, tert-butyldimethylsilane, vinyldimethylsilane, propyldimethylsilane, triphenylsilane, diphenylsilane, phenylsilane, etc., but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0131] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in the carbonyl group is not specifically limited, but can be 1 to 40, 1 to 30, or 1 to 20. For example, the carbonyl group can have the following structure, but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0132]

[0133] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in the sulfinyl and sulfonyl groups is not particularly limited, but can be from 1 to 30. The sulfinyl group may include alkylsulfinyl or arylsulfinyl. The sulfonyl group may include alkylsulfonyl or arylsulfonyl.

[0134] In this specification, the thio group may include alkylthio or arylthio. A thio group can mean a group in which a sulfur atom is bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. The alkyl group in the alkylthio group may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylthio group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylthio group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of thio groups may include methylthio, ethylthio, propanethio, pentylthio, hexylthio, octylthio, dodecylthio, cyclopentylthio, cyclohexylthio, phenylthio, or naphthio, but several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0135] In this specification, an oxygen group may mean a group in which an oxygen atom is bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. An oxygen group may include an alkoxy or an aryloxy group. An alkoxy group may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in an alkoxy group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in an aryloxy group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of oxygen groups may include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, octoxy, nonoxy, decoxy, benzyloxy, etc., but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0136] As used herein, a boryl group can mean a group formed by bonding a boron atom to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. Boryl groups include alkylboryl groups or arylboryl groups. The alkyl group in an alkylboryl group can be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in an alkylboryl group is not specifically limited, but can be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in an arylboryl group is not specifically limited, but can be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of boryl groups may include dimethylboryl, diethylboryl, tert-butylmethylboryl, diphenylboryl, phenylboryl, etc., but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0137] In the specification, the alkenyl group may be straight-chain or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is not specifically limited, but is 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkenyl groups include vinyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, styryl, styrylvinyl, etc., but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0138] In this specification, the number of carbon atoms in the amino group is not specifically limited, but can be from 1 to 30. The amino group can include alkylamino and arylamino groups. The alkyl group in the alkylamino group can be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylamino group is not specifically limited, but can be, for example, from 1 to 20 or from 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylamino group is not specifically limited, but can be, for example, from 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of amino groups can include methylamino, dimethylamino, phenylamino, diphenylamino, naphthylamino, 9-methyl-anthraylamino, etc., but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0139] In the specification, the sulfinyl group may indicate a group formed by -S (=O)- bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. The number of carbon atoms in the sulfinyl group is not specifically limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The sulfinyl group may include alkylsulfinyl groups and arylsulfinyl groups. For example, the sulfinyl group may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0140]

[0141] In the specification, the sulfonyl group may indicate a group formed by bonding -S(=O)2- with an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. The number of carbon atoms in the sulfonyl group is not specifically limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The sulfonyl group may include alkylsulfonyl groups and arylsulfonyl groups. For example, the sulfonyl group may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0142]

[0143] In the specification, phosphine oxide may indicate a group formed by -P (=O)- bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. The number of carbon atoms in the phosphine oxide group is not specifically limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The phosphine oxide group may include alkylphosphine oxides and arylphosphine oxides. For example, the phosphine oxide group may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0144]

[0145] In the specification, phosphine sulfide may indicate a group formed by -P (=S)- bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. The number of carbon atoms in the phosphine sulfide is not specifically limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. Phosphine sulfide may include alkylphosphine sulfide and arylphosphine sulfide. For example, phosphine sulfide may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0146]

[0147] In the specification, the examples of alkyl groups of alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylaryl, alkylamino, alkylboronyl, alkylsilyl, alkylphosphine oxide, alkylphosphine sulfide, or alkylamine are the same as the examples of alkyl groups described above.

[0148] In the specification, the examples of aryl groups, including aryloxy, arylthio, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylamino, arylboryl, arylsilyl, arylphosphine oxide, arylphosphine sulfide, or arylamine, are the same as the examples of aryl groups described above.

[0149] In the instruction manual, "direct connection" can refer to a single button.

[0150] Meanwhile, in the instruction manual, " "and" "This refers to the part that needs to be connected."

[0151] Several aspects of this disclosure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0152] Figure 1 A plan view of a display device DD is provided to illustrate one aspect. Figure 2 For along Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the portion intercepted by line I-I'.

[0153] The display device DD may include a display panel DP and an optical layer PP disposed on the display panel DP. The display panel DP includes light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The display device DD may include multiple light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The optical layer PP may be disposed on the display panel DP to control light reflected from the display panel DP due to external light. The optical layer PP may include, for example, a polarizing layer or a color filter layer. Meanwhile, with... Figure 2 The configuration described in the text differs, and the optical layer PP can be omitted from one aspect of the display device DD.

[0154] The substrate BL can be disposed on the optical layer PP. The substrate BL can be a component providing a substrate surface, and the optical layer PP is disposed on the substrate surface. The substrate BL can be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, etc. However, several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the substrate BL can be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. In addition, unlike the illustrated configuration, in one aspect, the substrate BL can be omitted.

[0155] According to one aspect of the display device DD, it may further include a filler layer (not shown). The filler layer may be disposed between the display element layer DP-ED and the substrate BL. The filler layer may be an organic material layer. The filler layer may include at least one selected from acrylic resins, silicone resins, and epoxy resins.

[0156] The display panel DP may include a substrate layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the substrate layer BS, and a display element layer DP-ED. The display element layer DP-ED may include a pixel defining film PDL, light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 disposed between portions of the pixel defining film PDL, and an encapsulation layer TFE disposed on the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3.

[0157] The substrate layer BS can be a component providing a substrate surface, and the display element layer DP-ED is disposed on the substrate surface. The substrate layer BS can be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, etc. However, various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the substrate layer BS can be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0158] In one aspect, the circuit layer DP-CL is disposed on the substrate layer BS, and the circuit layer DP-CL may include multiple transistors (not shown). Each of the multiple transistors may include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, the circuit layer DP-CL may include switching transistors and driving transistors for driving the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 of the display element layer DP-ED.

[0159] Each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may have, as described later, Figures 3 to 6 The structure of each light-emitting element (ED) has multiple aspects. Each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, an emitter layer EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2.

[0160] Figure 2In one aspect, the emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 are disposed within openings OH defined in the pixel-defining film PDL, and the hole transport region HTR, electron transport region ETR, and second electrode EL2 are provided as common layers throughout the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and are related to... Figure 2 The configurations described in the text differ, and the hole transport region (HTR) and electron transport region (ETR) in one aspect can be provided by patterning in the openings (OH) defined in the pixel-defined film (PDL). For example, the hole transport region (HTR), emitting layers (EML-R), EML-G, and EML-B), and electron transport region (ETR) of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 in one aspect can be provided by patterning using inkjet printing.

[0161] The encapsulation layer TFE can cover light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The encapsulation layer TFE can seal the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 of the display element layer DP-ED. The encapsulation layer TFE can be a thin-film encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer TFE can be formed by laminating one or more layers. The encapsulation layer TFE includes at least one insulating layer. According to one aspect, the encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one inorganic film (hereinafter, encapsulated inorganic film). According to one aspect, the encapsulation layer TFE may also include at least one organic film (hereinafter, encapsulated organic film) and at least one encapsulated inorganic film.

[0162] An inorganic encapsulation film protects the display element layer DP-ED from moisture / oxygen, while an organic encapsulation film protects the DP-ED from foreign matter (e.g., dust particles). The inorganic encapsulation film may include silicon nitrides, silicon oxynitrides, silicon oxides, titanium oxides, or aluminum oxides, but several aspects of this disclosure are not particularly limited thereto. The organic encapsulation film may include acrylic compounds or epoxy compounds, etc. The organic encapsulation film may include photopolymerizable organic materials, but several aspects of this disclosure are not particularly limited thereto.

[0163] The encapsulation layer TFE can be disposed on the second electrode EL2 and can be configured to fill the opening OH.

[0164] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The display device DD may include a non-emitting area NPXA and emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be areas that emit light generated by each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be spaced apart from each other on a plane.

[0165] Each of the light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be a region defined by a pixel-defining film PDL. The non-light-emitting area NPXA can be a region corresponding to the pixel-defining film PDL located between adjacent light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. However, in the specification, the light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can each correspond to a pixel. The pixel-defining film PDL can divide light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 can be disposed in openings OH defined in the pixel-defining film PDL and are separated from each other.

[0166] Based on the color of the light generated from the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, the emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be divided into multiple groups. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In one aspect of the display device DD, three light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, respectively emitting red, green, and blue light, are illustrated. For example, one aspect of the display device DD may include a red light-emitting area PXA-R, a green light-emitting area PXA-G, and a blue light-emitting area PXA-B that are separated from each other.

[0167] In one aspect of the display device DD, multiple light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 can emit light in different wavelength ranges from each other. For example, in one aspect, the display device DD may include a first light-emitting element ED-1 that emits red light, a second light-emitting element ED-2 that emits green light, and a third light-emitting element ED-3 that emits blue light. That is, the red light-emitting area PXA-R, the green light-emitting area PXA-G, and the blue light-emitting area PXA-B of the display device DD may correspond to the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3, respectively.

[0168] However, this disclosure is not limited to these aspects, and the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light within the same wavelength range, or at least one light-emitting element may emit light within a wavelength range different from the others. For example, the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may all emit blue light.

[0169] According to one aspect of the display device DD, the light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be arranged in a stripe pattern. (Reference) Figure 1Multiple red emitting areas PXA-R, multiple green emitting areas PXA-G, and multiple blue emitting areas PXA-B can each be arranged along the second directional axis DR2. Additionally, the red emitting areas PXA-R, green emitting areas PXA-G, and blue emitting areas PXA-B can be arranged alternately along the first directional axis DR1 in this order.

[0170] Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is explained that all luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B have the same area, but several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Therefore, depending on the wavelength range of the emitted light, luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have different areas from each other. In this case, the area of ​​luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may refer to the area when viewed in a plane defined by the first directional axis DR1 and the second directional axis DR2. The third directional axis DR3 may be perpendicular to the plane defined by the first directional axis DR1 and the second directional axis DR2.

[0171] Meanwhile, the arrangement of the luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B is not limited to... Figure 1 The configuration described herein, and based on the display quality characteristics required in the display device DD, allows for various combinations of arrangements of the red emitting areas PXA-R, green emitting areas PXA-G, and blue emitting areas PXA-B. For example, the arrangement of the emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be a honeycomb pattern (PENTILE). ® Arrangement pattern or diamond (Diamond Pixel) ® Layout format. ® Diamond Pixel is a registered trademark of Samsung Display Inc. ® It is a trademark of Samsung Display Co., Ltd.

[0172] Furthermore, the areas of the luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be different from each other. For example, in one aspect, the area of ​​the green luminescent region PXA-G may be smaller than the area of ​​the blue luminescent region PXA-B, but this is not the only aspect of the present disclosure.

[0173] The following text, Figures 3 to 6 Each schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element according to multiple aspects. One aspect of the light-emitting element ED may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, an emitter layer EML, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in sequence.

[0174] and Figure 3 compared to, Figure 4AA schematic illustration is provided based on a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (ED), wherein the hole transport region (HTR) includes a hole injection layer (HIL) and a hole transport layer (HTL), and the electron transport region (ETR) includes an electron injection layer (EIL) and an electron transport layer (ETL). Figure 4A compared to, Figure 4B The schematic illustration is based on a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (ED), wherein the hole transport layer (HTL) includes a first hole transport layer (HTL1) and a second hole transport layer (HTL2). Additionally, with... Figure 3 compared to, Figure 5 A schematic illustration is provided based on a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (ED), wherein the hole transport region (HTR) includes a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), and an electron blocking layer (EBL), and the electron transport region (ETR) includes an electron injection layer (EIL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and a hole blocking layer (HBL). Figure 4A compared to, Figure 6 The schematic illustration includes a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element ED according to one aspect of a capping layer CPL disposed on the second electrode EL2.

[0175] At the same time, Figures 4A to 6 In the above, the hole injection layer HIL, hole transport layer HTL, electron blocking layer EBL, emitter layer EML, hole blocking layer HBL, electron transport layer EBL, or electron injection layer EIL, which are functional layers, are each described as a single layer. However, various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and each functional layer may include a stacked structure of multiple layers. For example, each functional layer may include multiple layers with different material compositions. Figure 4B As explained in the text, the hole transport layer (HTL) may include a stacked structure of a first hole transport layer (HTL1) and a second hole transport layer (HTL2).

[0176] The first electrode EL1 is conductive. The first electrode EL1 may be formed of a metallic material, a metallic alloy, or a conductive compound. The first electrode EL1 may be an anode or a cathode. However, several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Additionally, the first electrode EL1 may be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 may be a transmission electrode, a transmission-reflection electrode, or a reflection electrode. The first electrode EL1 may include at least one selected from Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, and Zn, a compound selected from two or more of these, a mixture selected from two or more of these, or an oxide thereof.

[0177] If the first electrode EL1 is a transmission electrode, it may comprise a transparent metal oxide (such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO)). If the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive-reflective electrode or a reflective electrode, it may comprise Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, or compounds thereof or mixtures thereof (e.g., a mixture of Ag and Mg), or a material with a multilayer structure, such as LiF / Ca (a stacked structure of LiF and Ca) or LiF / Al (a stacked structure of LiF and Al). Optionally, the first electrode EL1 may have a multilayer structure, including a reflective or transmissive-reflective film formed from the above materials and a transparent conductive film formed from ITO, IZO, ZnO, ITZO, etc. For example, the first electrode EL1 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Additionally, the first electrode EL1 may comprise the aforementioned metallic material, a combination of at least two of the aforementioned metallic materials, or an oxide of the aforementioned metallic material, etc. The thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be from about 700 Å to about 10,000 Å. For example, the thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be from about 1,000 Å to about 3,000 Å.

[0178] The hole transport region HTR is provided on the first electrode EL1. The hole transport region HTR may have a monolayer structure consisting of a single layer (formed from a single material), a monolayer structure consisting of a single layer (formed from multiple different materials), or a multilayer structure including multiple layers formed from multiple different materials.

[0179] The hole transport region HTR may include at least one of a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL, and an electron blocking layer EBL. Furthermore, unlike previously described, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure of either the hole injection layer HIL or the hole transport layer HTL, or it may have a single-layer structure formed using both a hole injection material and a hole transport material. In one aspect, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure formed using multiple different materials, or it may have a structure in which hole injection layers HIL / hole transport layers HTL, hole injection layers HIL / first hole transport layer HTL1 / second hole transport layer HTL2, hole injection layers HIL / first hole transport layer HTL1 / second hole transport layer HTL2 / buffer layer (not explained), hole injection layers HIL / buffer layer (not explained), or hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer (not explained) are stacked sequentially from the first electrode EL1, but several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0180] Hole transport regions (HTRs) can be formed using various methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brockett method, inkjet printing, laser printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI).

[0181] According to one aspect, a light-emitting element (ED) may include a nitrogen-containing compound represented by any one of the following formulas 1-1 to 1-4 in at least one functional layer disposed between a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2. In the light-emitting element ED according to one aspect, the nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect may be included in at least one of a hole transport region HTR and an emitter layer EML. The hole transport region HTR may include the nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect. The nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect may be included in the layer adjacent to the emitter layer EML in the layers included in the hole transport region HTR. In the light-emitting element ED according to one aspect, the hole transport region HTR may include a hole injection layer HIL and a hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport layer HTL may include a first hole transport layer HTL1 and a second hole transport layer HTL2, and the second hole transport layer HTL2 may include the nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect. Meanwhile, in this specification, the nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect, which will be described later, may be referred to as the first compound.

[0182] According to one aspect, a nitrogen-containing compound includes a heterocyclic core in which one or more carbon atoms of a benzene ring are substituted with nitrogen, and the heterocyclic core includes a structure in which a first substituent and a second substituent are attached to the heterocyclic core. The heterocyclic core may include any one of the following formulas FG1 to FG4.

[0183] [Formula FG1]

[0184]

[0185] [Formula FG2]

[0186]

[0187] [Form FG3]

[0188]

[0189] [Formula FG4]

[0190]

[0191] According to one aspect, a nitrogen-containing compound includes a first substituent attached to a carbon atom of a heterocyclic core. The first substituent may include a first heterocycle and may include a second heterocycle attached to the first heterocycle. The first heterocycle may include a carbazole moiety. The first heterocycle may include a first benzene moiety and a second benzene moiety connected to each other via a first heteroatom. The first heteroatom may be a nitrogen atom. The first heteroatom of the first heterocycle may be attached to a carbon atom of the heterocycle core. The second heterocycle may include any one of a dibenzofuran moiety, a dibenzothiophene moiety, and a carbazole moiety. The second heterocycle may include a third benzene moiety and a fourth benzene moiety connected to each other via second heteroatoms. The second heteroatom may be any one of O, S, and N. The second heteroatom of the second heterocycle may be attached to the first heterocycle. The second heteroatom of the second heterocycle may be attached to any carbon atom constituting the first benzene moiety or the second benzene moiety of the first heterocycle. Optionally, any carbon atom constituting the third benzene moiety or the fourth benzene moiety of the second heterocycle may be attached to the first heterocycle. Any carbon atom constituting the third benzene moiety or the fourth benzene moiety of the second heterocycle may be attached to any carbon atom constituting the first benzene moiety or the second benzene moiety of the first heterocycle.

[0192] According to one aspect, a nitrogen-containing compound includes a second substituent attached to a carbon atom of a heterocyclic core. The second substituent contains a silicon atom, and the silicon atom of the second substituent may be directly attached to a carbon atom of the heterocyclic core. The second substituent may be a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group.

[0193] According to one aspect, a nitrogen-containing compound is represented by any one of the following formulas 1-1 to 1-4.

[0194] [Equation 1-1]

[0195]

[0196] [Equation 1-2]

[0197]

[0198] [Equation 1-3]

[0199]

[0200] [Equations 1-4]

[0201]

[0202] In equations 1-1 to 1-4, R1 to R 16Each of the following is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, R1 to R 16 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0203] When a nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect is represented by Formula 1-1, any one of R1 to R5 in Formula 1-1 is a substituent represented by Formula 2 below, and at least one of R1 to R5 is a substituent represented by Formula 3 below.

[0204] When a nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect is represented by formula 1-2, any one of R6 to R9 in formula 1-2 is a substituent represented by formula 2 below, and at least one of R6 to R9 is a substituent represented by formula 3 below.

[0205] When a nitrogen-containing compound is represented by Equation 1-3 according to one aspect, R in Equation 1-3 10 To R 13 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 2 below, and R 10 To R 13 At least one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 3 below.

[0206] When a nitrogen-containing compound is represented by Equation 1-4 according to one aspect, R in Equation 1-4 14 To R 16 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 2 below, and R 14 To R 16 At least one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 3 below.

[0207] Furthermore, in this specification, the pyridine ring in Formula 1-1 substituted with substituents represented by R1 to R5, the pyrimidine ring in Formula 1-2 substituted with substituents represented by R6 to R9, and the ring in Formula 1-3 substituted with substituents represented by R... 10 To R 13 The substituents represent the pyrimidine ring substituted by R in formulas 1-4. 14 To R 16 Any of the substituents in the triazine ring may correspond to the heterocyclic nucleus described above.

[0208] [Equation 2]

[0209]

[0210] In Formula 2, X1 to X3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, X1 to X3 may each be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0211] In Equation 2, For any of Equations 1-1 to 1-4.

[0212] Furthermore, in this specification, Formula 2 may correspond to the second substituent described above. The Si atom in Formula 2 may correspond to the silicon atom described above.

[0213] [Formula 3]

[0214]

[0215] In Formula 3, any one of Y1 to Y8 is a substituent represented by Formula 4 below, and the remaining Y1 to Y8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, Y6 is a substituent represented by Formula 4 below, and Y1 to Y5, Y7, and Y8 may each be independently a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0216] In Equation 3, For any of Equations 1-1 to 1-4.

[0217] Furthermore, in this specification, Formula 3 may correspond to the first heterocycle of the first substituent previously described. N in Formula 3 may correspond to the aforementioned first heteroatom.

[0218] [Formula 4]

[0219]

[0220] In Equation 4, X is O, S, or NA9.

[0221] In Formula 4, any one of A1 to A9 is a portion connected to Formula 3 above, and the remaining A1 to A9 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, X can be NA9, A9 is a portion connected to Formula 3 above, and A1 to A8 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0222] Furthermore, in this specification, Formula 4 may correspond to the second heterocycle of the first substituent previously described. X in Formula 4 may correspond to the aforementioned second heteroatom.

[0223] In one aspect, the nitrogen-containing compound represented by formula 1-1 can be represented by any one of formulas 1-1-1 to 1-1-6.

[0224] [Equation 1-1-1]

[0225]

[0226] [Equation 1-1-2]

[0227]

[0228] [Equation 1-1-3]

[0229]

[0230] [Equation 1-1-4]

[0231]

[0232] [Equation 1-1-5]

[0233]

[0234] [Equation 1-1-6]

[0235]

[0236] Equations 1-1-1 to 1-1-6 represent the cases in which the substituents represented by R1 to R5 in Equation 1-1 are specified. Equation 1-1-1 represents the case where R2 is a substituent represented by Equation 2 and R4 is a substituent represented by Equation 3; Equation 1-1-2 represents the case where R1 is a substituent represented by Equation 2 and R5 is a substituent represented by Equation 3; Equation 1-1-3 represents the case where R2 is a substituent represented by Equation 2 and R5 is a substituent represented by Equation 3; Equation 1-1-4 represents the case where R3 is a substituent represented by Equation 2 and R5 is a substituent represented by Equation 3; Equation 1-1-5 represents the case where R1 is a substituent represented by Equation 2 and R4 is a substituent represented by Equation 3; and Equation 1-1-6 represents the case where R1 is a substituent represented by Equation 2 and R3 is a substituent represented by Equation 3.

[0237] In equations 1-1-1 to 1-1-6, R x1 To R x18Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, R x1 To R x18 Each of them can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0238] In equations 1-1-1 to 1-1-6, R z1 To R z18 Each of these can be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. For example, R z1 To R z18 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0239] If a nitrogen-containing compound is represented by Equation 1-1-1 according to one aspect, then R in Equation 1-1-1 y1 To R y8 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4, and the remaining R y1 To R y8 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. For example, R y6 It can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and R y1 To R y5 R y7 and R y8 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0240] If a nitrogen-containing compound is represented by Equation 1-1-2 according to one aspect, then R in Equation 1-1-2 y9 To R y16 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R y9 To R y16 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. For example, R y14 It can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and R y9 To R y13 R y15 and R y16 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0241] If a nitrogen-containing compound is represented by Equation 1-1-3 according to one aspect, then R in Equation 1-1-3 y17 To R y24 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining Ry17 To R y24 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. For example, R y22 It can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and R y17 To R y21 R y23 and R y24 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0242] If a nitrogen-containing compound is represented by Equation 1-1-4 according to one aspect, then R in Equation 1-1-4 y25 To R y32 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R y25 To R y32 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. For example, R y30 It can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and R y25 To R y29 R y31 and R y32 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0243] If a nitrogen-containing compound is represented by Equation 1-1-5 according to one aspect, then R in Equation 1-1-5 y33 To R y40 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R y33 To R y40 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. For example, R y38 It can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and R y33 To R y37 R y39 and R y40 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0244] If a nitrogen-containing compound is represented by Equation 1-1-6 according to one aspect, then R in Equation 1-1-6 y41 To R y48 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R y41 To R y48 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. For example, R y46 It can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and R y41 To R y45 R y47 and R y48 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0245] In one respect, the nitrogen-containing compound represented by formula 1-2 can be represented by any one of the following formulas 1-2-1 to 1-2-4.

[0246] [Equation 1-2-1]

[0247]

[0248] [Equation 1-2-2]

[0249]

[0250] [Equation 1-2-3]

[0251]

[0252] [Equation 1-2-4]

[0253]

[0254] Formulas 1-2-1 to 1-2-4 represent the cases where the substituents represented by R6 to R9 in Formula 1-2 are specified. Formula 1-2-1 represents the case where R8 in Formula 1-2 is a substituent represented by Formula 2 and R6 is a substituent represented by Formula 3; Formula 1-2-2 represents the case where R6 in Formula 1-2 is a substituent represented by Formula 2 and R7 is a substituent represented by Formula 3; Formula 1-2-3 represents the case where R7 in Formula 1-2 is a substituent represented by Formula 2 and R9 is a substituent represented by Formula 3; and Formula 1-2-4 represents the case where R6 in Formula 1-2 is a substituent represented by Formula 2 and R8 is a substituent represented by Formula 3.

[0255] In equations 1-2-1 to 1-2-4, R a1 To R a12 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, R a1 To R a12 Each of them can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0256] In equations 1-2-1 to 1-2-4, R c1 To R c8 Each of these can be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. For example, R c1 To Rc8 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0257] If a nitrogen-containing compound is represented by Equation 1-2-1, then R in Equation 1-2-1 b1 To R b8 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R b1 To R b8 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. For example, R b6 It can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and R b1 To R b5 R b7 and R b8 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0258] If a nitrogen-containing compound is represented by Equation 1-2-2, then R in Equation 1-2-2 b9 To R b16 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R b9 To R b16 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. For example, R b14 It can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and R b9 To R b13 R b15 and R b16 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0259] If a nitrogen-containing compound is represented by Equation 1-2-3, then R in Equation 1-2-3 b17 To R b24 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R b17 To R b24 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. For example, R b22 It can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and R b17 To R b21 R b23 and R b24 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0260] If a nitrogen-containing compound is represented by Equation 1-2-4, then R in Equation 1-2-4 b25 To R b32 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R b25 To R b32 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. For example, R b30It can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and R b25 To R b29 R b31 and R b32 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0261] In one respect, the nitrogen-containing compound represented by formula 1-3 can be represented by the following formula 1-3-1.

[0262] [Equation 1-3-1]

[0263]

[0264] Equation 1-3-1 indicates that R is specified in Equation 1-3. 10 To R 13 The case of substituents is indicated. Equation 1-3-1 indicates that R in Equation 1-3... 11 The substituent is represented by Equation 2 and R 13 This refers to the case of substituents represented by Equation 3.

[0265] In Equation 1-3-1, R r1 and R r2 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, R r1 and R r2 Each of them can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0266] In Equation 1-3-1, R q1 To R q3 Each of these can be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. For example, R q1 To R q3 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0267] In Equation 1-3-1, R w1 To R w8 Any one of them can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and the remaining R w1 To R w8 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. For example, R w6 It can be a substituent represented by Equation 4 above, and R w1 To Rw5 R w7 and R w8 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0268] The substituent represented by Equation 2 can be represented by any one of Equations 2-1 to 2-6 below.

[0269] [Equation 2-1]

[0270]

[0271] [Equation 2-2]

[0272]

[0273] [Equation 2-3]

[0274]

[0275] [Equation 2-4]

[0276]

[0277] [Equation 2-5]

[0278]

[0279] [Equation 2-6]

[0280]

[0281] Equations 2-1 to 2-6 represent cases where the types of substituents represented by X1 to X3 in Equation 2 are specified.

[0282] In Equations 2-1 to 2-6, “D” can be a deuterium atom.

[0283] In equations 2-1 to 2-6, For any of Equations 1-1 to 1-4.

[0284] The substituent represented by Formula 3 can be represented by Formula 3-1 or Formula 3-2 below.

[0285] [Equation 3-1]

[0286]

[0287] [Equation 3-2]

[0288]

[0289] Equations 3-1 and 3-2 represent cases where the types of substituents represented by Y1 to Y8 in Equation 3 are specified.

[0290] In equations 3-1 and 3-2, Y 11 and Y 12 Each can be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. For example, Y 11 and Y 12 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0291] In Equations 3-1 and 3-2, n1 and n2 can each be independently integers selected from 0 to 7. If n1 is 0, then according to one aspect of nitrogen-containing compounds, it can mean that it has not been affected by Y. 11 Each substitution in, and if n2 is 0, then according to one aspect of nitrogen-containing compounds, it can mean that it has not been substituted by Y. 12 Each of the substitutions in the equation. Where n1 is 7 and all Y... 11 The case where the atoms are hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where n1 is 0, and where n2 is 7 and all are Y. 12 The case for hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where n2 is 0. If n1 is an integer of 2 or greater, then multiple Y are provided. 11 All can be the same, or multiple Ys 11 At least one of them can be different, and if n2 is an integer of 2 or greater, then multiple Y are provided. 12 All can be the same, or multiple Ys 12 At least one of them may be different.

[0292] In Equations 3-1 and 3-2, "D" represents a deuterium atom, and For the part that is connected to any one of the above equations 1-1 to 1-4.

[0293] The nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect can be any one of the compounds present in group 1 of compounds below. The light-emitting element ED according to one aspect may include at least one nitrogen-containing compound present in group 1 of compounds in at least one of the hole transport region HTR and the emitter layer EML.

[0294] [Compound Group 1]

[0295]

[0296]

[0297]

[0298]

[0299]

[0300]

[0301]

[0302]

[0303]

[0304]

[0305]

[0306]

[0307]

[0308]

[0309]

[0310]

[0311]

[0312]

[0313]

[0314]

[0315]

[0316]

[0317] According to one aspect, a nitrogen-containing compound represented by any one of Formulas 1-1 to 1-4 may have a structure in which a first substituent and a second substituent are introduced into the heterocyclic core, and thus improvements in high luminous efficiency and long device lifetime can be achieved.

[0318] According to one aspect, a nitrogen-containing compound comprises a heterocyclic core in which one or more carbon atoms of a benzene ring are substituted with nitrogen (N), and a first substituent and a second substituent are attached to any carbon atom in the heterocyclic core. The first substituent has a structure in which a first heterocycle (e.g., a carbazoyl group) is attached to a second heterocycle, and the second substituent comprises a silyl group. Due to the inclusion of the heterocyclic core, the first substituent, and the second substituent, the nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect exhibits high triplet (T1) energy level characteristics and bipolar characteristics, and therefore, when introduced into at least one of the hole transport region (HTR) and the emitter layer (EML) of a light-emitting element (ED), high charge transport capability can be achieved. When the nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect is applied to the hole transport region (HTR) or the emitter layer (EML), a light-emitting element with improved luminous efficiency and long device lifetime can be implemented.

[0319] In one aspect of the light-emitting element ED, the hole transport region HTR may further include a compound represented by the following formula H-1. In one aspect of the light-emitting element ED, the hole transport region HTR may include a hole injection layer HIL and a hole transport layer HTL, and the hole transport layer HTL may include a first hole transport layer HTL1 and a second hole transport layer HTL2, and the first hole transport layer HTL1 may include a compound represented by the following formula H-1.

[0320] [Formula H-1]

[0321]

[0322] In formula H-1 above, L1 and L2 can each independently be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. a and b can be integers selected from 0 to 10. Furthermore, if a or b is an integer of 2 or greater, then multiple L1s and multiple L2s can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0323] In formula H-1, Ar1 and Ar2 can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Additionally, in formula H-1, Ar3 can be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0324] The compound represented by formula H-1 above can be a monoamine compound. Optionally, the compound represented by formula H-1 above can be a diamine compound in which at least one of Ar1 to Ar3 includes an amino group as a substituent. Additionally, the compound represented by formula H-1 above can be a carbazole compound comprising a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group in at least one of Ar1 and Ar2, or a fluorene compound comprising a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene group in at least one of Ar1 and Ar2.

[0325] The compound represented by formula H-1 can be represented by any of the compounds in the following group of compounds H. However, the compounds present in the following group of compounds H are presented as examples, but the compound represented by formula H-1 is not limited to the compounds present in the following group of compounds H.

[0326] [Compound Group H]

[0327]

[0328]

[0329]

[0330] Furthermore, the hole transport region (HTR) may further include known hole transport materials. For example, the hole transport region (HTR) may include phthalocyanine compounds (such as copper phthalocyanine), N1,N1'-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N1-phenyl-N4,N4-di-m-tolylphenyl-1,4-diamine) (DNTPD), 4,4',4"-[tris(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4"-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4"-tris[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4- Poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), polyaniline / camphor sulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PANI / PSS), N,N'-di(naphthyl-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), triphenylamine-containing polyether ketone (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium [tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate], dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarboxynitrile (HAT-CN), etc.

[0331] Hole transport regions (HTRs) can also include carbazole derivatives (such as N-phenylcarbazole and polyvinylcarbazole), fluorene derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives (such as N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD), 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), N,N'-bis(naphthyl-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), 4,4′-cyclohexylenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD) and 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP)), etc.

[0332] In addition, the hole transport region (HTR) may include 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), 9-phenyl-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (CCP), or 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzene (mDCP), etc.

[0333] The hole transport region (HTR) may include the aforementioned compound for the hole transport region (HTR) in at least one of the hole injection layer (HIL), the hole transport layer (HTL), and the electron blocking layer (EBL).

[0334] The thickness of the hole transport region (HTR) can be from about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, from about 100 Å to about 5,000 Å. When the hole transport region (HTR) includes a hole injection layer (HIL), the thickness of the hole injection layer (HIL) can be, for example, from about 30 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes a hole transport layer (HTL), the thickness of the hole transport layer (HTL) can be from about 30 Å to about 1,000 Å. For example, when the hole transport region (HTR) includes an electron blocking layer (EBL), the thickness of the electron blocking layer (EBL) can be from about 10 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region (HTR), the hole injection layer (HIL), the hole transport layer (HTL), and the electron blocking layer (EBL) fall within the above ranges, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0335] In addition to the materials previously described, the hole transport region (HTR) may further include a charge-generating material for improving conductivity. The charge-generating material may be uniformly or non-uniformly distributed within the hole transport region (HTR). The charge-generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may include, but is not limited to, at least one of metal halide compounds, quinone derivatives, metal oxides, and cyano-containing compounds. For example, p-dopers can be: metal halide compounds, such as CuI and RbI; quinone derivatives, such as tetracyanoquinone dimethyl ether (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinone dimethyl ether (F4-TCNQ); metal oxides, such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide; and cyano-containing compounds, such as dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarboxynitrile (HAT-CN) or 4-[[2,3-bis[cyano-(4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)methylene]cyclopropyl]-cyanomethyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile (NDP9), but several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0336] As described above, in addition to the hole injection layer (HIL) and the hole transport layer (HTL), the hole transport region (HTR) may further include at least one of a buffer layer (not explained) and an electron blocking layer (EBL). The buffer layer (not explained) can compensate for the resonant distance according to the wavelength of light emitted in the emitter layer (EML) to increase luminous efficiency. Any material that can be included in the hole transport region (HTR) can be used as the material included in the buffer layer (not explained). The electron blocking layer (EBL) is a layer used to prevent electrons from being injected from the electron transport region (ETR) into the hole transport region (HTR).

[0337] An emitter layer (EML) is provided on the hole transport region (HTR). The emitter layer (EML) may have a thickness of, for example, from about 100 Å to about 1000 Å or from about 100 Å to about 300 Å. The emitter layer (EML) may have a monolayer structure consisting of a single layer (formed from a single material), a monolayer structure consisting of a single layer (formed from multiple different materials), or a multilayer structure including multiple layers formed from multiple different materials.

[0338] The emitter layer (EML) can be formed using various methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brookett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI).

[0339] In the light-emitting element ED according to one aspect, the emitting layer EML may include a nitrogen-containing compound as the first compound described above. The emitting layer EML may include a nitrogen-containing compound represented by any one of Formulas 1-1 to 1-4 above. The nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect may be any of the compounds present in compound group 1 above. The light-emitting element ED according to one aspect may include at least one nitrogen-containing compound from the compounds present in compound group 1 above in the emitting layer EML. The nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect may be included as the main component in the emitting layer EML.

[0340] According to one aspect, the nitrogen-containing compound can exhibit bipolar properties by including a heterocyclic core and a first substituent (such as a bicarbazoyl group) and a second substituent (such as a silyl group) attached to the heterocyclic core. Therefore, when the nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect is included in the emitting layer (EML) as a host material, it can exhibit excellent material stability. Due to the excellent material stability of the nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect, the light-emitting element (ED) according to one aspect can exhibit an improved element lifetime.

[0341] According to one aspect, a nitrogen-containing compound can be used as a host material by having a high triplet (T1) energy level. According to one aspect, a nitrogen-containing compound can be included in an emitter layer (EML) with a phosphorescent or fluorescent dopant, and according to one aspect, a nitrogen-containing compound can be used as a host material. For example, according to one aspect, a nitrogen-containing compound can be used as a phosphorescent host material.

[0342] The emitting layer EML of a nitrogen-containing compound light-emitting element (ED) can emit blue light. For example, the emitting layer EML of a nitrogen-containing compound can emit deep blue light.

[0343] Meanwhile, in the nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect, at least one hydrogen atom can be replaced by a deuterium atom, and the nitrogen-containing compound replaced by a deuterium atom can exhibit a high T1 energy level of about 2.8 eV or higher.

[0344] In one aspect of the light-emitting element ED, the emitting layer EML may be a phosphorescent emitting layer comprising a host and a dopant. However, several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the emitting layer EML may further comprise a delayed fluorescence dopant, and the light-emitting element ED may emit delayed fluorescence.

[0345] In one aspect, the emitter layer EML may include a nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect, and may further include at least one of a second to a fourth compound, which will be described later. In one aspect, the first compound included in the emitter layer EML may be used as a hole transport host material.

[0346] In addition to the first compound, the light-emitting element (ED) according to one aspect may further include a second compound as a host material. The emitting layer (EML) may further include a second compound different from the first compound. The emitting layer (EML) may further include a second compound represented by the following formula ET-1. For example, the second compound may be included in the emitting layer (EML) as an electron transport host material.

[0347] [Formula ET-1]

[0348]

[0349] In equation ET-1, at least one of Z1 to Z3 can be N, and the rest can be CR. 56 Alternatively, in Formula ET-1, all of Z1 to Z3 may be N. In this case, the second compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a triazine moiety.

[0350] In equation ET-1, R 56 It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0351] In Equation ET-1, c to e can each be an integer selected from 0 to 10 independently.

[0352] In Equation ET-1, Ar 11 To Ar 13 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, Ar 11 To Ar 13 It can be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group.

[0353] In equation ET-1, L 11 To L 13 Each can be independently a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, L 11 To L 13 Each can be an arylene group, either substituted or unsubstituted, having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0354] At the same time, if c to e are integers of 2 or greater, then L 11 To L 13Each can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0355] In one aspect, the second compound may be represented by any one of the compounds in compound group 2 below. According to one aspect, the light-emitting element ED may further include any one of the compounds in compound group 2 in the emitting layer EML.

[0356] [Compound Group 2]

[0357]

[0358]

[0359]

[0360]

[0361]

[0362]

[0363]

[0364] In the specific example compounds presented in Compound Group 2, “D” refers to a deuterium atom and “Ph” refers to an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0365] In one aspect, the emitting layer EML may include a first compound as a nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect and a third compound as a phosphorus photosensitizer (auxiliary dopant). The third compound may be an organometallic complex. For example, the emitting layer EML may include platinum (Pt) as the central metal atom and a ligand bonded to the central metal atom as the third compound. In the light-emitting element ED according to one aspect, the emitting layer EML may include a compound represented by the following formula D-1 as the third compound.

[0366] [Formula D-1]

[0367]

[0368] In formula D-1, Q1 to Q4 can each be C or N independently. C1 to C4 can each be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group having 5 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0369] In equation D-1, L 11 To L 13 Each can be independently connected directly. , , , Substituted or unsubstituted alkylene groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene groups having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene groups having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In L 11 To L 13 middle," "This refers to the part connected to C1 to C4."

[0370] In equation D-1, b11 to b13 can each be 0 or 1 independently. If b11 is 0, then C1 and C2 can be unconnected. If b12 is 0, then C2 and C3 can be unconnected. If b13 is 0, then C3 and C4 can be unconnected.

[0371] In equation D-1, R 61 To R 66 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms. Optionally, R 61 To R 66 It can bond with adjacent groups to form a ring. R 61 To R 66 Each can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group.

[0372] In formula D-1, d1 to d4 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 4 independently. In formula D-1, when d1 to d4 are each 0, the third compound may not be separately reacted with R. 61 To R 64 Replace. Where d1 is 4 and all R 61 The case for hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where d1 is 0, where d2 is 4, and all R... 62 The case for hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where d2 is 0, where d3 is 4, and all R... 63 The case for hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where d3 is 0, and where d4 is 4 and all R... 64 The case for hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where d4 is 0. When d1 is an integer of 2 or greater, multiple R values ​​are provided. 61 All can be the same, or at least one can be different, when d2 is an integer of 2 or greater, in multiple provided R62 All can be the same, or at least one can be different, when d3 is an integer of 2 or greater, with multiple provided R 63 They can all be the same, or at least one can be different, and when d4 is an integer of 2 or greater, there are multiple provided R. 64 They can all be the same, or at least one can be different.

[0373] In formula D-1, C1 to C4 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group represented by any one of C-1 to C-4 below.

[0374]

[0375] In C-1 to C-4, P1 can be... or CR 74 P2 can be or NR 81 P3 can be or NR 82 And P4 can be or CR 88 R 71 To R 88 Each of them may be independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring.

[0376] Additionally, in C-1 to C-4, " "The part connected to Pt as the central metal atom, and " "Corresponds to the adjacent cyclic groups C1 to C4 or the linker L" 11 To L 13 The connecting part.

[0377] In one aspect, the third compound represented by formula D-1 may be represented by at least one of the compounds present in group 3 of the following compounds. The emission layer EML may include at least one of the compounds present in group 3 of the following compounds as a phosphorescent dopant. However, the phosphorescent dopant is not limited to the compounds present in group 3 of the following compounds.

[0378] [Compound Group 3]

[0379]

[0380]

[0381]

[0382]

[0383] In the specific example compounds presented in Compound Group 3, "D" refers to the deuterium atom.

[0384] Meanwhile, in one aspect, the third compound included in the emitter layer EML can be used as a phosphorus photosensitizer. When the emitter layer EML comprises a first compound being a nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect, a second compound being an electron transport host material, a third compound being an organometallic composite, and a fourth compound described later, the third compound can act as a phosphorus photosensitizer to transfer energy to the fourth compound. In this case, the fourth compound can act as a dopant (emission dopant) to emit light.

[0385] In one aspect, the emitter layer EML may further include a fourth compound represented by the following formula F-1.

[0386] [Formula F-1]

[0387]

[0388] In equation F-1, A1 and A2 can each be independently O, S, Se, or NR. m R m It can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. R 1a To R 11a Each of the following groups is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxygen group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or is bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0389] In formula F-1, A1 and A2 can each independently bond with substituents of adjacent rings to form fused rings. For example, when A1 and A2 are each independently NR m At that time, A1 can be with R 4a Or R 5a Bonding to form a ring. Additionally, A1 can bond with R. 7a Or R 8a Bonding is used to form a ring.

[0390] For example, the fourth compound represented by formula F-1 can be included as a dopant in the emitter layer EML. In one aspect, the fourth compound represented by formula F-1 can be a thermally activated delayed fluorescence dopant.

[0391] The fourth compound may be represented by any of the compounds in group 4 below.

[0392] [Compound Group 4]

[0393]

[0394] The fourth compound may be a delayed fluorescence dopant. For example, the fourth compound may be a thermally activated delayed fluorescence dopant. Furthermore, the type of the fourth compound is not limited to the specific example compounds present in compound group 4 above; in one aspect, the material used as the delayed fluorescence dopant may be included in the emitter layer EML as a dopant material along with the nitrogen-containing compound as the first compound.

[0395] An emitter layer EML according to one aspect may include at least one of a first compound and a second to a fourth compound, which are nitrogen-containing compounds. For example, the emitter layer EML may include a first compound, a second compound, and a third compound.

[0396] Furthermore, the emitting layer EML may include all of the first compound, second compound, third compound, and fourth compound. That is, the emitting layer EML may include a combination of two host materials and two dopant materials. In a light-emitting element (ED) according to one aspect, the emitting layer EML may simultaneously include a first compound and a second compound as two different host materials, a fourth compound that emits delayed fluorescence, and a third compound as an organometallic complex, thereby exhibiting excellent luminescent efficiency.

[0397] In an emitter layer EML, an excited-state complex can be formed from a hole transport host material and an electron transport host material. In the emitter layer EML, a first compound and a second compound can form an excited-state complex. In this case, the excited-state complex formed from the hole transport host material and the electron transport host material can have a triplet energy level corresponding to the difference between the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the electron transport host material and the energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the hole transport host material.

[0398] In the emitter layer (EML), a first compound, serving as the host material for hole transport, and a second compound, serving as the host material for electron transport, can form an excited-state complex. Energy can be transferred from the excited-state complex to the third and fourth compounds, thereby emitting light. In one aspect, the third compound can be used as a phosphorescent photosensitizer. In the light-emitting element (ED) according to one aspect, the third compound included in the emitter layer (EML) can be used as a phosphorescent photosensitizer to transfer energy from the host to the fourth compound, which serves as an emission dopant. That is, the third compound, acting as an auxiliary dopant, can accelerate energy transfer to the fourth compound, which serves as an emission dopant, thereby increasing the emission rate of the fourth compound.

[0399] In a light-emitting element ED according to one aspect, when the emitting layer EML includes the first compound, the second compound and the third compound described above, the amount of the first compound and the second compound as the host material can be from about 65 wt% to about 95 wt% based on the total weight of the first compound, the second compound and the third compound.

[0400] Additionally, in one aspect, the emitter layer EML may include a fifth compound represented by the following formula HT-1. For example, the fifth compound may be further included in the emitter layer EML as a hole transport host material.

[0401] [Formula HT-1]

[0402]

[0403] In formula HT-1, A1 to A8 can each be N or CR independently. 51 For example, all A1 to A8 can be CR. 51 Optionally, any one of A1 to A8 can be N, and the rest can be CR. 51 .

[0404] In formula HT-1, L1 can be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, L1 can be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent biphenyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent carbazole, but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0405] In equation HT-1, Y a Can be used for direct connection, CR 52 R 53 or SiR 54 R 55 That is, it means that the two benzene rings connected to the nitrogen atom in formula HT-1 can be directly connected, or Connection. In equation HT-1, when Y a When directly connected, the second compound represented by formula HT-1 may include a carbazole moiety.

[0406] In formula HT-1, Ar1 can be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, Ar1 can be a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophene, or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, etc. However, several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0407] In equation HT-1, R 51 To R 55 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms. Optionally, R 51 To R 55 Each of these groups can bond with an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, R 51 To R 55 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. R 51 To R 55 Each can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted methyl or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.

[0408] In one aspect, the fifth compound represented by formula HT-1 may be represented by any one of the compounds present in the following group of compounds 5. The emission layer EML may include any one of the compounds present in the following group of compounds 5.

[0409] [Compound Group 5]

[0410]

[0411]

[0412]

[0413] In the specific example compounds presented in Compound Group 5, "D" may refer to a deuterium atom, and "Ph" may refer to a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. For example, in the specific example compounds presented in Compound Group 5, "Ph" may be an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0414] Additionally, a fifth compound represented by formula HT-1 may be included as a material for the hole transport region HTR.

[0415] exist Figures 3 to 6 In the light-emitting element (ED) according to one aspect of the present invention, the emitting layer (EML) may include the nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect as the main body. Furthermore, in... Figures 3 to 6 In the light-emitting element ED as described in the present invention, the hole transport region HTR may include a nitrogen-containing compound according to the present invention.

[0416] Meanwhile, the light-emitting element (ED) may further include anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, 1,2-benzophenanthrene derivatives, dihydrobenzanthene derivatives, or triphenylene derivatives. Specifically, the emitting layer (EML) may further include anthracene derivatives or pyrene derivatives.

[0417] exist Figures 3 to 6 In each of the various aspects described herein, the emitting layer EML may further include known hosts and dopants in addition to the host and dopants described above, and for example, the emitting layer EML may include a compound represented by the following formula E-1. The compound represented by the following formula E-1 can be used as a fluorescent host material.

[0418] [Equation E-1]

[0419]

[0420] In equation E-1, R 31 To R 40 Each of these groups can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or can be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. Meanwhile, R 31 To R 40 It can bond with adjacent groups to form saturated hydrocarbon rings, unsaturated hydrocarbon rings, saturated heterocycles, or unsaturated heterocycles.

[0421] In E-1, c and d can each be an integer selected from 0 to 5 independently.

[0422] Formula E-1 can be represented by any one of the following compounds E1 to E19:

[0423]

[0424]

[0425] .

[0426] In one aspect, the emitting layer EML may include a compound represented by formula E-2a or E-2b below. The compound represented by formula E-2a or E-2b below can be used as a host material for phosphorescent elements.

[0427] [Equation E-2a]

[0428]

[0429] In equation E-2a, a can be an integer selected from 0 to 10, and L a It can be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Meanwhile, when a is an integer of 2 or greater, multiple L... a Each can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0430] Furthermore, in E-2a, A1 to A5 can each be independently N or CR. i R a To R i Each group may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. R a To R i It can bond with adjacent groups to form hydrocarbon rings or heterocycles containing N, O, S, etc. as cyclic atoms.

[0431] Meanwhile, in equation E-2a, two or three selected from A1 to A5 can be N, and the rest can be CR. i .

[0432] [Equation E-2b]

[0433]

[0434] In formula E-2b, Cbz1 and Cbz2 can each be independently an unsubstituted carbazole group or a carbazole group substituted with an aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. b It is a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Meanwhile, b is an integer selected from 0 to 10, and when b is an integer of 2 or greater, multiple L... b Each can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0435] The compound represented by formula E-2a or E-2b may be represented by any of the compounds in the following group of compounds E-2. However, the compounds listed in the following group of compounds E-2 are exemplary, and the compound represented by formula E-2a or E-2b is not limited to the compounds represented in the following group of compounds E-2.

[0436] [Compound Group E-2]

[0437]

[0438]

[0439]

[0440] The emitter layer (EML) may include compounds represented by the formula Ma below. Compounds represented by the formula Ma below can be used as phosphorescent dopant materials.

[0441] [Formula]

[0442]

[0443] In the formula Ma above, Y1 to Y4 and Z1 to Z4 can each independently be CR1 or N, and R1 to R4 can each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. In formula Ma, m is 0 or 1, and n is 2 or 3. In formula Ma, when m is 0, n is 3, and when m is 1, n is 2.

[0444] Compounds represented by the formula Ma can be used as phosphorescent dopants.

[0445] Compounds represented by formula Ma can be represented by any of the compounds M-a1 to M-a25 listed below. However, compounds M-a1 to M-a25 listed below are examples, and compounds represented by formula Ma are not limited to those compounds represented by compounds M-a1 to M-a25 listed below.

[0446]

[0447]

[0448] The emitter layer (EML) may comprise a compound represented by any one of the formulas Fa to Fc below. Compounds represented by formulas Fa to Fc below can be used as fluorescent dopant materials.

[0449] [Form Fa]

[0450]

[0451] In the above formula Fa, the value is selected from R. a To R j The two in can be independently... Replace. R a To R j China was not The remaining substituted groups may each be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0452] exist In this context, Ar1 and Ar2 can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, at least one of Ar1 and Ar2 can be a heteroaryl group containing O or S as a cyclic atom.

[0453] [Formula Fb]

[0454]

[0455] In the above formula Fb, R a and R bEach of the Ar1 to Ar4 groups can be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or can be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. Each of the Ar1 to Ar4 groups can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0456] In formula Fb, U and V can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group having 5 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. At least one of Ar1 to Ar4 can be a heteroaryl group containing O or S as a cyclic atom.

[0457] In formula Fb, the number of rings represented by U and V can each be 0 or 1 independently. For example, in formula Fb, it means that when the number of U or V is 1, a ring forms a fused ring at the portion indicated by U or V, and when the number of U or V is 0, the ring indicated by U or V does not exist. Specifically, when the number of U is 0 and the number of V is 1, or when the number of U is 1 and the number of V is 0, the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with four rings. Additionally, when the number of each of U and V is 0, the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with three rings. Furthermore, when the number of each of U and V is 1, the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with five rings.

[0458] [Formula Fc]

[0459]

[0460] In equation Fc, A1 and A2 can each be independently O, S, Se, or NR. m And R m It can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. R1 to R 11 Each of the following groups is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxygen group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or is bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0461] In formula Fc, A1 and A2 can each independently bond with substituents of adjacent rings to form fused rings. For example, when A1 and A2 are each independently NR m In this case, A1 can bond with R4 or R5 to form a ring. Additionally, A2 can bond with R7 or R8 to form a ring.

[0462] In one aspect, the emitter layer EML may further include the following as known dopant materials: styrene derivatives (e.g., 1,4-bis[2-(3-N-ethylcarbazolyl)vinyl]benzene (BCzVB), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4'-[(di-p-tolylamino)styrene]stilbene (DPAVB), N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styrene)naphth-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-N-phenylaniline (N-BDAVBi) or 4,4'-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi)), perylene or its derivatives (e.g., 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (TBP)), pyrene or its derivatives (e.g., 1,1'-dipyrene, 1,4-dipyrenebenzene or 1,4-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)pyrene), etc.

[0463] The emitter layer (EML) may further include known phosphorescent dopant materials. For example, metal composites containing iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), or thulium (Tm) can be used as phosphorescent dopant. Specifically, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinyl-N,C2')pyridinecarboxyiridium(III) (FIrpic), bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridinyl)tetra(1-pyrazolyl)boronate(III) (FIr6), or octaethylporphyrin platinum (PtOEP) can be used as phosphorescent dopant. However, several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0464] The emitter layer (EML) may include quantum dot materials. The core of the quantum dots may be selected from group II-VI compounds, group III-VI compounds, group I-III-VI compounds, group III-V compounds, group III-II-V compounds, group IV-VI compounds, group IV elements, group IV compounds, or combinations thereof.

[0465] Group II-VI compounds may be selected from the group consisting of: binary compounds selected from the group consisting of CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS and mixtures thereof; and compounds selected from the group consisting of CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, C Ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of dZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe and mixtures thereof.

[0466] Group III-VI compounds may include: binary compounds (such as In2S3 or In2Se3); ternary compounds (such as InGaS3 or InGaSe3); or any combination thereof.

[0467] Group I-III-VI compounds may be selected from: ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, AgGaS2, CuGaS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2 and mixtures thereof; or quaternary compounds, such as AgInGaS, AgInGaS2, AgInGaSe, AgInGaSe2, CuInGaS or CuInGaS2.

[0468] Group III-V compounds may be selected from the group consisting of: binary compounds selected from the group consisting of GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and mixtures thereof. Group III-V compounds may further include Group II metals. For example, InZnP and other compounds can be selected as group III-II-V compounds.

[0469] Group IV-VI compounds may be selected from the following groups: binary compounds selected from the group consisting of SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, and mixtures thereof. Group IV elements may be selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, and mixtures thereof. Group IV compounds may be binary compounds selected from the group consisting of SiC, SiGe, and mixtures thereof.

[0470] Each element included in a multi-component compound (such as a binary, ternary, or quaternary compound) can exist in the particles with a uniform or non-uniform concentration distribution. That is, the formula indicates the type of element included in the compound, and the proportions of elements in the compound can vary. For example, AgInGaS2 can mean AgIn x Ga 1-x S2 (0 <x<1)。

[0471] Furthermore, quantum dots can have a single structure in which the concentration of each element contained in the quantum dot is uniform, or a dual structure of core / shell. For example, the material contained in the core can be different from the material contained in the shell.

[0472] The shell of a quantum dot can serve as a protective layer to prevent chemical denaturation of the nucleus and maintain its semiconductor properties, and / or as a charging layer to impart electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell can be a single layer or multiple layers. The interface between the nucleus and the shell can have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of elements present in the shell decreases towards the center of the nucleus.

[0473] In some aspects, quantum dots may have the aforementioned core / shell structure, comprising a core containing nanocrystals and a shell surrounding the core. The shell of the quantum dot may serve as a protective layer to prevent chemical denaturation of the core to maintain its semiconductor properties, and / or as a charging layer to impart electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell may be a single layer or multiple layers. Examples of shells for quantum dots may include metal or non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, or combinations thereof.

[0474] For example, the metal or non-metal oxide may be a binary compound (such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4 or NiO) or a ternary compound (such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4 or CoMn2O4), but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0475] Furthermore, examples of semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnSTe, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, etc., but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0476] Each element included in a multi-component compound (such as a binary, ternary, or quaternary compound) may exist in the particles in a uniform or non-uniform concentration distribution. For example, the formula indicates the type of element included in the compound, and the proportions of elements in the compound may vary.

[0477] Quantum dots can have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission wavelength spectrum of about 45 nm or less, preferably about 40 nm or less, and more preferably about 30 nm or less, and within this range, color purity and / or color reproducibility can be improved. Furthermore, the emission of light through such quantum dots in all directions improves wide viewing angles.

[0478] In addition, although the form of quantum dots is not particularly limited, as long as it is a form commonly used in the field, more specifically, quantum dots in the form of spherical nanoparticles, cone nanoparticles, multi-arm nanoparticles, cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, nanoplates, etc. can be used.

[0479] By adjusting the size of the quantum dots or the elemental ratios in the quantum dot compound, the band gap can be controlled, and thus light within a variety of wavelengths can be obtained in the quantum dot emitting layer. Therefore, by using quantum dots as described above (using quantum dots of different sizes or quantum dots with different elemental ratios in the quantum dot compound), light-emitting elements emitting light in various wavelength ranges can be implemented. Specifically, the size of the quantum dots or the elemental ratios in the quantum dot compound can be selectively adjusted to emit red, green, and / or blue light. Additionally, quantum dots can be configured to emit white light by combining various colors of light.

[0480] exist Figures 3 to 6 In each of the various aspects of the light-emitting element (ED) illustrated herein, an electron transport region (ETR) is provided on an emitter layer (EML). The electron transport region (ETR) may include at least one of a hole blocking layer (HBL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL), but the various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0481] The electron transport region (ETR) can have a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer (formed from a single material), a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer (formed from multiple different materials), or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers formed from multiple different materials.

[0482] For example, the electron transport region (ETR) may have a monolayer structure of either the electron injection layer (EIL) or the electron transport layer (ETL), or it may have a monolayer structure formed of an electron injection material and an electron transport material. Alternatively, the ETR may have a monolayer structure formed of a variety of different materials, or it may have a structure in which the electron transport layer (ETL) / electron injection layer (EIL) or the hole blocking layer (HBL) / electron transport layer (ETL) / electron injection layer (EIL) are stacked sequentially from the emitter layer (EML), but several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The ETR may have a thickness of, for example, from about 1,000 Å to about 1,500 Å.

[0483] Electron transport regions (ETRs) can be formed using various methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brookett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI).

[0484] The electron transport region (ETR) may include compounds represented by the following formula ET-2:

[0485] [Formula ET-2]

[0486] .

[0487] In Equation ET-2, at least one of X1 to X3 is N, and the rest are CR. a R aAr1 to Ar3 can each be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0488] In Formula ET-2, a to c can each be an integer selected from 0 to 10. In Formula ET-2, L1 to L3 can each be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Furthermore, when a to c are each an integer of 2 or greater, the plurality of L1 to the plurality of L3 can each be an substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0489] The electron transport region (ETR) may include anthracene compounds. However, several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the ETR may include, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-benzyl-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-(pyridyl-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazolyl-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthane, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazolyl-2-yl) Benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 3-(4-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthyl-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole ( t Bu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-hydroxy)aluminum (BAlq), bis(benzoquinoline-10-hydroxy)beryllium (Bebq2), 9,10-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-bis(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB) or mixtures thereof.

[0490] The electron transport region (ETR) may include at least one of the following compounds: ET1 to ET36:

[0491]

[0492]

[0493]

[0494]

[0495] .

[0496] Additionally, the electron transport region (ETR) may include metal halide compounds (such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, RbI, CuI, or KI), lanthanides (such as Yb), or co-deposited materials of metal halide compounds and lanthanides. For example, the ETR may include KI:Yb, RbI:Yb, LiF:Yb, etc., as co-deposited materials. The ETR may also be formed using metal oxides (such as Li₂O or BaO) or lithium 8-hydroxyquinoline (Liq), but several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The ETR may also be formed from a mixture of an electron transport material and an insulating organometallic salt. The insulating organometallic salt may be a material having a band gap of about 4 eV or greater. Specifically, the insulating organometallic salt may include, for example, metal acetates, metal benzoates, metal acetoacetates, metal acetylacetonates, or metal stearates.

[0497] In addition to the materials described above, the electron transport region (ETR) may further include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TSPO1), and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0498] The electron transport region (ETR) may include a compound of the aforementioned electron transport region (ETR) in at least one of the electron injection layer (EIL), the electron transport layer (ETL), and the hole blocking layer (HBL).

[0499] When the electron transport region (ETR) includes an electron transport layer (ETL), the ETL may have a thickness of approximately 100 Å to approximately 1,000 Å, for example, approximately 150 Å to approximately 500 Å. If the thickness of the ETL meets the aforementioned range, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage. When the electron transport region (ETR) includes an electron injection layer (EIL), the EIL may have a thickness of approximately 1 Å to approximately 100 Å, for example, approximately 3 Å to approximately 90 Å. If the thickness of the EIL meets the aforementioned range, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0500] The second electrode EL2 is provided on the electron transport region ETR. The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. The second electrode EL2 may be a cathode or an anode, but various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, when the first electrode EL1 is an anode, the second electrode EL2 may be a cathode, and when the first electrode EL1 is a cathode, the second electrode EL2 may be an anode.

[0501] The second electrode EL2 can be a transmission electrode, a transmission-reflection electrode, or a reflection electrode. When the second electrode EL2 is a transmission electrode, it can be formed of a transparent metal oxide (e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc.).

[0502] When the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive or reflective electrode, it may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, Yb, W, Na, or their compounds or mixtures (e.g., AgMg, AgYb, MgYb, AgLi, or AgNa), or a material with a multilayer structure, such as LiF / Ca (a stacked structure of LiF and Ca) or LiF / Al (a stacked structure of LiF and Al). Optionally, the second electrode EL2 may have a multilayer structure, including a reflective or transmissive film formed from the above materials and a transparent conductive film formed from ITO, IZO, ZnO, ITZO, etc. For example, the second electrode EL2 may include the above-mentioned metallic materials, a combination of at least two of the above-mentioned metallic materials, or oxides of the above-mentioned metallic materials.

[0503] Although not shown, the second electrode EL2 can be connected to the auxiliary electrode. If the second electrode EL2 is connected to the auxiliary electrode, the resistance of the second electrode EL2 can be reduced.

[0504] Simultaneously, the capping layer CPL can be further disposed on the second electrode EL2 of the light-emitting element ED on one side. The capping layer CPL may include multiple layers or a single layer.

[0505] In one aspect, the capping layer CPL can be an organic layer or an inorganic layer. For example, when the capping layer CPL contains inorganic materials, the inorganic materials may include alkali metal compounds (e.g., LiF), alkaline earth metal compounds (e.g., MgF2), SiON, SiN. x SiO y wait.

[0506] For example, when the capping layer CPL comprises an organic material, the organic material may include α-NPD, NPB, TPD, m-MTDATA, Alq3, CuPc, N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetra(biphenyl-4-yl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD15), 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), etc., or epoxy resins or acrylates (such as methacrylates). However, several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the capping layer CPL may include at least one of the following compounds P1 to P5:

[0507] .

[0508] Meanwhile, the refractive index of the capping layer CPL can be about 1.6 or greater. Specifically, the refractive index of the capping layer CPL can be about 1.6 or greater relative to light in the wavelength range of about 550 nm to about 660 nm.

[0509] Figures 7 to 10 Each of these is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one aspect. Below, in reference... Figures 7 to 10 In describing display devices that cover multiple aspects, descriptions that have already been made will no longer be included. Figures 1 to 6 Instead of describing the repetitive features, this paper will primarily describe their differences.

[0510] refer to Figure 7 According to one aspect, the display device DD-a may include a display panel DP containing a display element layer DP-ED, a light control layer CCL disposed on the display panel DP, and a color filter layer CFL. Figure 7 In one aspect of the explanation, the display panel DP may include a substrate layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the substrate layer BS, and a display element layer DP-ED, and the display element layer DP-ED may include a light-emitting element ED.

[0511] The light-emitting element (ED) may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR disposed on the first electrode EL1, an emitter layer EML disposed on the hole transport region HTR, an electron transport region ETR disposed on the emitter layer EML, and a second electrode EL2 disposed on the electron transport region ETR. Meanwhile, Figures 3 to 6 The structure of the light-emitting element (ED) described above can be similarly applied to... Figure 7 The structure of the light-emitting element (ED) is explained in the text. The ED may include a nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect, and therefore can exhibit excellent color reproduction and long element life characteristics. Therefore, the display device according to one aspect can exhibit excellent display quality.

[0512] refer to Figure 7The emitting layer EML can be disposed in the openings OH defined in the pixel-defining film PDL. For example, the emitting layer EML, divided by the pixel-defining film PDL and provided to correspond to each light-emitting area PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, can emit light within the same wavelength range. In one aspect of the display device DD-a, the emitting layer EML can emit blue light. Meanwhile, unlike the illustrated configuration, in another aspect, the emitting layer EML can be provided as a common layer in the entire light-emitting area PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B.

[0513] A light control layer (CCL) can be disposed on the display panel (DP). The light control layer (CCL) may include a light converter. The light converter may be a quantum dot or a phosphor, etc. The light converter emits light by converting the wavelength of the supplied light. That is, the light control layer (CCL) may be a layer containing quantum dots or a layer containing phosphors.

[0514] The optical control layer (CCL) may include multiple optical control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. The multiple optical control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 may be spaced apart from each other.

[0515] refer to Figure 7 The partition pattern BMP can be disposed between the light control components CCP1, CCP2 and CCP3 that are spaced apart from each other, but several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Figure 7 It is explained that the separation pattern BMP does not overlap with the light control components CCP1, CCP2 and CCP3, but at least a portion of the edges of the light control components CCP1, CCP2 and CCP3 may overlap with the separation pattern BMP.

[0516] The light control layer CCL may include: a first light control component CCP1, which contains a first quantum dot QD1 that converts a first color light provided by the light-emitting element ED into a second color light; a second light control component CCP2, which contains a second quantum dot QD2 that converts the first color light into a third color light; and a third light control component CCP3 that transmits the first color light.

[0517] In one aspect, the first light control component CCP1 can provide red light as the second color light, and the second light control component CCP2 can provide green light as the third color light. The third light control component CCP3 can provide blue light by transmitting blue light, which is the first color light provided from the light-emitting element ED. For example, the first quantum dot QD1 can be a red quantum dot, and the second quantum dot QD2 can be a green quantum dot. The same content as described above can be applied to quantum dots QD1 and QD2.

[0518] Additionally, the optical control layer CCL may further include a scatterer SP. The first optical control component CCP1 may include a first quantum dot QD1 and a scatterer SP, the second optical control component CCP2 may include a second quantum dot QD2 and a scatterer SP, and the third optical control component CCP3 may not include any quantum dots but may include a scatterer SP.

[0519] The scatterer SP can be inorganic particles. For example, the scatterer SP can include at least one of TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow spherical silica. The scatterer SP can include any one of TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow spherical silica, or can be a mixture of at least two materials selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow spherical silica.

[0520] The first light control component CCP1, the second light control component CCP2, and the third light control component CCP3 may each include base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 in which quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and scatterer SP are dispersed. In one aspect, the first light control component CCP1 may include the first quantum dot QD1 and the scatterer SP dispersed in the first base resin BR1, the second light control component CCP2 may include the second quantum dot QD2 and the scatterer SP dispersed in the second base resin BR2, and the third light control component CCP3 may include the scatterer SP dispersed in the third base resin BR3.

[0521] The base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 are the media in which quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and scatterers SP are dispersed, and can be formed from various resin compositions commonly referred to as binders. For example, the base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 can be acrylic resins, urethane resins, silicone resins, epoxy resins, etc. The base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 can be transparent resins. In one aspect, the first base resin BR1, the second base resin BR2, and the third base resin BR3 can be the same as or different from each other.

[0522] The light control layer CCL may include an isolation layer BFL1. Isolation layer BFL1 serves to prevent the penetration of moisture and / or oxygen (hereinafter referred to as "moisture / oxygen"). Isolation layer BFL1 blocks light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 from exposure to moisture / oxygen. Simultaneously, isolation layer BFL1 may cover light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. Additionally, isolation layer BFL2 may be provided between light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 and filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0523] The isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include at least one inorganic layer. That is, the isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include inorganic materials. For example, the isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, silicon oxynitride, and metal thin films that ensure light transmittance. Simultaneously, the isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may further include organic films. The isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may be formed from a single layer or multiple layers.

[0524] In one aspect of the display device DD-a, the color filter layer CFL can be disposed on the light control layer CCL. For example, the color filter layer CFL can be disposed directly on the light control layer CCL. In this case, the isolation layer BFL2 can be omitted.

[0525] A color filter layer (CFL) may include filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. The CFL may include a first filter CF1 configured to transmit a second color of light, a second filter CF2 configured to transmit a third color of light, and a third filter CF3 configured to transmit a first color of light. For example, the first filter CF1 may be a red filter, the second filter CF2 may be a green filter, and the third filter CF3 may be a blue filter. Filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may each include a polymerized photosensitive resin and a pigment or dye. The first filter CF1 may include a red pigment or red dye, the second filter CF2 may include a green pigment or green dye, and the third filter CF3 may include a blue pigment or dye.

[0526] Furthermore, this disclosure is not limited to these aspects, and the third filter CF3 may not include pigments or dyes. The third filter CF3 may include a polymeric photosensitive resin and may not include pigments or dyes. The third filter CF3 may be transparent. The third filter CF3 may be formed from a transparent photosensitive resin.

[0527] Furthermore, in one aspect, the first filter CF1 and the second filter CF2 can be yellow filters. The first filter CF1 and the second filter CF2 can be provided as a single filter without being separate.

[0528] Although not explicitly stated, the color filter layer CFL may further include a light-shielding component (not shown). The light-shielding component may be a black matrix. The light-shielding component may comprise an organic or inorganic light-shielding material containing a black pigment or dye. The light-shielding component prevents light leakage and separates adjacent filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0529] The first to third filters CF1, CF2 and CF3 can be set to correspond to the red light-emitting area PXA-R, the green light-emitting area PXA-G and the blue light-emitting area PXA-B, respectively.

[0530] The substrate BL can be disposed on the color filter layer CFL. The substrate BL can be a component providing a substrate surface, wherein the color filter layer CFL and the light control layer CCL, etc., are disposed on the substrate surface. The substrate BL can be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, etc. However, several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the substrate BL can be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. Furthermore, unlike the illustrated configuration, in one aspect, the substrate BL may be omitted.

[0531] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view is provided to illustrate a display device according to one aspect. In the display device DD-TD according to one aspect, the light-emitting element ED-BT may include a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. At least one of the plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include a nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect. The light-emitting element ED-BT exhibits excellent color reproduction and long element life characteristics. The display device DD-TD according to one aspect includes a light-emitting element ED-BT containing a nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect and therefore exhibits excellent display quality.

[0532] A light-emitting element (ED-BT) may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 facing each other, and a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 stacked sequentially in the thickness direction between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. Each of the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include an emissive layer (EML). Figure 7 ) and hole transport region HTR ( Figure 7 ) and Electronic Transfer Zone (ETR) Figure 7 The hole transport region (HTR) and electron transport region (ETR) are set as the emitter layer (EML). Figure 7 It lies between the two.

[0533] That is, the light-emitting element ED-BT included in the display device DD-TD in one aspect can be a light-emitting element having a series structure and including multiple emission layers EML.

[0534] exist Figure 8 In one aspect of the explanation, all light emitted from the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 can be blue light. However, several aspects of this disclosure are not limited to this, and the light emitted from the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 can have different wavelength ranges from each other. For example, an ED-BT comprising multiple light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 emitting light in different wavelength ranges can emit white light.

[0535] The charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 can be disposed between two adjacent light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3, respectively. The charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may include p-type charge generation layers and / or n-type charge generation layers.

[0536] refer to Figure 9 According to one aspect, the display device DD-b may include light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, wherein two emitting layers are stacked. At least one of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may include a nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect. Accordingly, the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may exhibit excellent color reproduction and long element life characteristics.

[0537] and Figure 2 Compared to the display device DD as explained in the text, Figure 9 One aspect of the illustration has the difference that the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 each include two emitting layers stacked in the thickness direction. In each of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, the two emitting layers can emit light in the same wavelength range.

[0538] The first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first red emitting layer EML-R1 and a second red emitting layer EML-R2. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first green emitting layer EML-G1 and a second green emitting layer EML-G2. Additionally, the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first blue emitting layer EML-B1 and a second blue emitting layer EML-B2. An emission assist component OG may be disposed between the first red emitting layer EML-R1 and the second red emitting layer EML-R2, between the first green emitting layer EML-G1 and the second green emitting layer EML-G2, and between the first blue emitting layer EML-B1 and the second blue emitting layer EML-B2.

[0539] The emission assist component OG may comprise a single layer or multiple layers. The emission assist component OG may include a charge generation layer. More specifically, the emission assist component OG may include an electron transport region (not shown), a charge generation layer (not shown), and a hole transport region (not shown) stacked sequentially. The emission assist component OG may be provided as a common layer throughout the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, several aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the emission assist component OG may be provided by patterning within an opening OH defined in a pixel-defined film PDL.

[0540] The first red emitter layer EML-R1, the first green emitter layer EML-G1, and the first blue emitter layer EML-B1 can be disposed between the hole transport region HTR and the transmit auxiliary component OG. The second red emitter layer EML-R2, the second green emitter layer EML-G2, and the second blue emitter layer EML-B2 can be disposed between the transmit auxiliary component OG and the electron transport region ETR.

[0541] That is, the first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second red emitting layer EML-R2, an emission auxiliary component OG, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2, stacked sequentially. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second green emitting layer EML-G2, an emission auxiliary component OG, a first green emitting layer EML-G1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2, stacked sequentially. The third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second blue emitting layer EML-B2, an emission auxiliary component OG, a first blue emitting layer EML-B1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2, stacked sequentially.

[0542] Simultaneously, an optical auxiliary layer PL can be disposed on the display element layer DP-ED. The optical auxiliary layer PL may include a polarizing layer. The optical auxiliary layer PL can be disposed on the display panel DP and control the light reflected from the display panel DP due to external light. Unlike the illustrated configuration, the optical auxiliary layer PL in a display device DD-b according to one aspect may be omitted.

[0543] and Figure 8 and Figure 9 different, Figure 10 The DD-c display device is described as comprising four light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. The ED-CT light-emitting element may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 facing each other, and first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 stacked sequentially in the thickness direction between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. At least one of the first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 may include a nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect. Therefore, the ED-CT light-emitting element can exhibit excellent color reproduction and long element lifetime characteristics.

[0544] Charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 may be disposed between the first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. Among the four light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1, the first to third light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may emit blue light, and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1 may emit green light. However, this disclosure is not limited to these aspects, and the first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 may emit light in different wavelength ranges. The charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 disposed between adjacent light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 may include p-type charge generation layers and / or n-type charge generation layers.

[0545] In one aspect, the electronic device may include a display device comprising multiple light-emitting elements and a control component for controlling the display device. The electronic device according to one aspect can be activated in response to an electrical signal. The electronic device may include display devices according to various aspects. For example, in addition to large display devices (such as televisions, monitors, or outdoor billboards), the electronic device may include small and medium-sized display devices (such as personal computers, laptops, personal digital assistants, display devices for vehicles, game consoles, portable electronic devices, or cameras).

[0546] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to various embodiments.

[0547] refer to Figure 11 In addition to electronic devices used for displaying images (such as smartphones EA_1a, tablets EA_1b, laptops EA_1c, TVs EA_1d, and desktop monitors EA_1e), various electronic devices in which the display device according to the embodiment is applied may include: wearable electronic devices (such as smart glasses EA_2a, head-mounted displays EA_2b, and smartwatches EA_2c); electronic devices EA_3 for vehicles including display modules (such as center information displays (CID) and interior mirror displays located on the vehicle's dashboard, center console, or instrument panel), etc. Figure 11 The various electronic devices EA_1a, EA_1b, EA_1c, EA_1d, EA_1e, EA_2a, EA_2b, EA_2c, and EA_3 described herein may similarly include references. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10The configurations of display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c according to embodiments are described. Furthermore, these devices are only presented as embodiments, and other electronic devices may also be used, provided they do not depart from the inventive concept.

[0548] Figure 12 This is a view of the interior of the vehicle AM, in which the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 are installed. For a more detailed explanation, Figure 12 A detailed explanation of the display devices included in electronic devices used in vehicles. Figure 12 At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 of the vehicle AM ​​described herein may similarly include a reference. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 The configurations of the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c are described based on multiple aspects.

[0549] Figure 12 The illustration is for a vehicle AM, but this is merely an example, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may be installed in another mode of transportation (such as a bicycle, motorcycle, train, boat, or airplane). Furthermore, at least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4, including configurations identical to those of the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c on one side, can be applied to personal computers, laptops, personal digital terminals, game consoles, portable electronic devices, televisions, monitors, or outdoor billboards, etc. Additionally, these are provided merely as exemplary aspects and are therefore applicable to other electronic devices unless departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0550] At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may include, as referenced Figures 3 to 6 The description refers to one aspect of the light-emitting element ED.

[0551] refer to Figure 12 The vehicle AM ​​may include a steering wheel HA and a gearshift GR for driving the vehicle AM. Additionally, the vehicle AM ​​may include a windshield GL configured to face the driver.

[0552] The first display device DD-1 may be located in a first area overlapping with the steering wheel HA. For example, the first display device DD-1 may be a digital instrument panel displaying first information about the vehicle's AM. The first information may include a first scale indicating the vehicle's AM driving speed, a second scale indicating engine speed (i.e., revolutions per minute (RPM)), an image indicating fuel status, etc. The first and second scales may be displayed as digital images.

[0553] The second display device DD-2 may be disposed in a second area facing the driver's seat and overlapping with the windshield GL. The driver's seat may be a seat in which the steering wheel HA is disposed. For example, the second display device DD-2 may be a head-up display (HUD) displaying second information of the vehicle AM. The second display device DD-2 may be optically transparent. The second information may include a numerical value indicating the driving speed, and may further include information such as the current time. Unlike the illustrated configuration, the second information of the second display device DD-2 may be projected onto the windshield GL for display.

[0554] The third display device DD-3 may be located in a third zone adjacent to the gearshift GR. For example, the third display device DD-3 may be located between the driver's seat and the passenger seat and may be a central information display (CID) for displaying third information for the vehicle's AM. The passenger seat may be a seat spaced apart from the driver's seat, and the gearshift GR is located between the passenger seat and the driver's seat. The third information may include information about traffic (e.g., navigation information), information about playing music or radio or video (or images), information about the temperature inside the vehicle's AM, etc.

[0555] The fourth display device DD-4 may be spaced apart from the steering wheel HA and gearshift GR, and may be located in the fourth zone on the side adjacent to the vehicle AM. For example, the fourth display device DD-4 may be a digital side mirror displaying fourth information. The fourth display device DD-4 may display an image of the exterior of the vehicle AM ​​taken by a camera module CM located outside the vehicle AM. The fourth information may include the image of the exterior of the vehicle AM.

[0556] The first to fourth information described above are examples, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 can further display information about the interior and exterior of the vehicle AM. The first to fourth information may include different information. However, various aspects of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and a portion of the first to fourth information may include the same information as each other.

[0557] The following description, with reference to embodiments and comparative examples, will specifically depict a nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect of the present disclosure and a light-emitting element according to one aspect. Furthermore, the following embodiments are provided only to aid in understanding the present disclosure, and the scope of the disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0558] Example

[0559] 1. Based on the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds in one aspect

[0560] The method for synthesizing nitrogen-containing compounds according to one aspect will be described in detail by way of example, illustrating the synthesis methods of compounds 1, 25, 31, 61, 114, 165, 189, and 201. Furthermore, while the method for synthesizing nitrogen-containing compounds is provided as an example in the following description, the method for synthesizing compounds according to one aspect of this disclosure is not limited to the examples below.

[0561] <Methods for synthesizing compounds>

[0562] 1) Synthesis of Compound 1

[0563] (Synthesis of intermediate compound 1-1)

[0564]

[0565] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, bromobenzene (3 eq) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and stirred at about 78 °C for about 30 minutes. Then, n-butyllithium (3 eq) was added dropwise and stirred for about 1 hour. Subsequently, tetramethylsilicate (1 eq) was added dropwise at room temperature and stirred for about 12 hours. Then, about 1 ml of dilute aqueous HCl (35 w / w%) and about 100 ml of DI water were added and stirred for about 30 minutes. The result was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the obtained organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and then under reduced pressure. Subsequently, the result was purified by column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 1-1 (45% yield).

[0566] (Synthesis of intermediate compounds 1-2)

[0567]

[0568] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 1,3-dibromopyridine (1 eq) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and stirred at about 78 °C for about 30 minutes. Then, n-butyllithium (3 eq) was added dropwise and stirred for about 1 hour. Subsequently, intermediate compound 1-1 was added dropwise at room temperature and stirred for about 12 hours. Then, about 1 ml of dilute aqueous HCl (35 w / w%) and about 100 ml of DI water were added and stirred for about 30 minutes. The result was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the resulting organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and then under reduced pressure. Subsequently, the result was purified by column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 1-2 (45% yield).

[0569] (Synthesis of Compound 1)

[0570]

[0571] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, intermediate compounds 1-2 (1 eq), 9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (1 eq), tris(dibenzylacetone)dipalladium (0) (0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.1 eq), and sodium tert-butoxide (2 eq) were dissolved in toluene and stirred at about 80 °C for about 15 minutes. The resulting solution was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the resulting organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and then under reduced pressure. Subsequently, the product was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound 1 (72% yield).

[0572] 2) Synthesis of compound 25

[0573] (Synthesis of intermediate compound 25-1)

[0574]

[0575] Intermediate compound 25-1 (39% yield) was obtained by reacting under essentially the same conditions as in the synthesis of intermediate compound 1-1, except that bromobenzene-d5 was used instead of bromobenzene as the starting material.

[0576] (Synthesis of intermediate compound 25-2)

[0577]

[0578] Intermediate compound 25-2 (41% yield) was obtained by reacting under essentially the same conditions as in the synthesis of intermediate compound 1-2, except that intermediate compound 25-1 was used instead of intermediate compound 1-1 as the starting material.

[0579] (Synthesis of compound 25)

[0580]

[0581] Compound 25 (67% yield) was obtained by reacting under substantially the same conditions as in the synthesis of compound 1, except that intermediate compound 25-2 was used instead of intermediate compound 1-2 and 9H-3,9'-bicarbazole-1,1',2,2',3',4,4',5,5',6,6',7,7',8,8'-d15 was used instead of 9H-3,9'-bicarbazole as the starting material.

[0582] 3) Synthesis of compound 31

[0583] (Synthesis of intermediate compound 31-1)

[0584]

[0585] Intermediate compound 31-1 (27% yield) was obtained by reacting under essentially the same conditions as in the synthesis of intermediate compound 1-1, except that 1-bromo-4-methylbenzene was used instead of bromobenzene as the starting material.

[0586] (Synthesis of intermediate compound 31-2)

[0587]

[0588] Intermediate compound 31-2 (30% yield) was obtained by reacting under essentially the same conditions as in the synthesis of intermediate compound 1-2, except that intermediate compound 31-1 was used instead of intermediate compound 1-1 as the starting material.

[0589] (Synthesis of compound 31)

[0590]

[0591] Compound 31 (38% yield) was obtained by reacting under substantially the same conditions as in the synthesis of compound 1, except that intermediate compound 31-2 was used instead of intermediate compound 1-2 as the starting material.

[0592] 4) Synthesis of compound 61

[0593]

[0594] Compound 61 (25% yield) was obtained by reacting under substantially the same conditions as in the synthesis of compound 1, except that 2-bromo-6-(trimethylsilyl)pyridine was used instead of intermediate compounds 1-2 as the starting material.

[0595] 5) Synthesis of compound 114

[0596]

[0597] Compound 114 (25% yield) was obtained by reacting under substantially the same conditions as in the synthesis of compound 1, except that 2-bromo-4-(tris(phenyl-d5)silyl)pyrimidine was used instead of intermediates 1-2 as the starting material, and 9D-3,9'-bicarbazole-1,1',2,2',3',4,4',5,5',6,6',7,7',8,8'-d15 was used instead of 9H-3,9'-bicarbazole.

[0598] 6) Synthesis of Compound 165

[0599] (Synthesis of intermediate compound 165-1)

[0600]

[0601] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 3-bromo-9H-carbazole (1 eq), dibenzo[b,d]furan-2-ylboronic acid (1 eq), Pd(PPh3)4 (0.05 eq), and K2CO3 (3 eq) were dissolved in a solvent of tetrahydrofuran:H2O = 2:1 (v / v), and then stirred at about 80 °C for about 12 hours. The resulting solution was cooled to room temperature, washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the resulting organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and then under reduced pressure. Subsequently, the product was purified by column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 165-1 (78% yield).

[0602] (Synthesis of compound 165)

[0603]

[0604] Compound 165 (57% yield) was obtained by reacting under substantially the same conditions as in the synthesis of compound 1, with only appropriate modifications to the starting materials, including the use of intermediate compound 165-1 instead of intermediate compound 1-2.

[0605] 7) Synthesis of Compound 189

[0606] (Synthesis of intermediate compound 189-1)

[0607]

[0608] Intermediate compound 189-1 (51% yield) was obtained by reacting under substantially the same conditions as in the synthesis of intermediate compound 165-1, except that 3-bromo-9H-carbazole-1,2,4,5,6,7,8-d7 was used instead of 3-bromo-9H-carbazole and dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-4-ylboronic acid was used instead of dibenzo[b,d]furan-2-ylboronic acid as the starting material.

[0609] (Synthesis of compound 189)

[0610]

[0611] Compound 189 was obtained (50% yield) by reacting under substantially the same conditions as in the synthesis of compound 1, with only appropriate modifications to the starting materials, including the use of intermediate compound 189-1 instead of intermediate compound 1-2.

[0612] 8) Synthesis of Compound 201

[0613] (Synthesis of intermediate compound 201-1)

[0614]

[0615] Intermediate compound 201-1 (68% yield) was obtained by reacting under substantially the same conditions as in the synthesis of intermediate compound 165-1, except that (9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)boronic acid was used instead of dibenzo[b,d]furan-2-ylboronic acid as the starting material.

[0616] (Synthesis of compound 201)

[0617]

[0618] Compound 201 (57% yield) was obtained by reacting under substantially the same conditions as in the synthesis of compound 1, with only appropriate modifications to the starting materials, including the use of intermediate compound 201-1 instead of intermediate compound 1-2.

[0619] For each of compounds 1, 25, 31, 61, 114, 165, 189, and 201 synthesized through the above synthetic examples, by... 1 The values ​​determined by H NMR and MS / FAB analysis are shown in Table 1 below.

[0620] [Table 1]

[0621]

[0622] 2. Manufacturing and evaluation of light-emitting elements

[0623] (1) Manufacturing of light-emitting elements

[0624] Light-emitting elements comprising nitrogen-containing compounds according to the embodiments or comparative example compounds are manufactured by the following methods.

[0625] (Manufacturing of light-emitting elements according to Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7)

[0626] The light-emitting elements according to Examples 1 to 8 were manufactured by using a nitrogen-containing compound (Example Compound) as one of the host materials in the emitting layer. The light-emitting elements according to Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were manufactured by using Comparative Example Compounds C-1 to C-7 as one of the host materials in the emitting layer.

[0627] It has an Ω / cm layer of approximately 15 Ω. 2 The glass substrate (a Corning product) with a (1200 Å) ITO electrode as the first electrode was cut to approximately 50 mm × 50 mm × 0.5 mm in size. Each substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropanol and pure water for approximately five minutes, followed by UV irradiation for approximately 30 minutes and ozone exposure for further cleaning. The glass substrate was then mounted on a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0628] HAT-CN is deposited on the first electrode to form a hole injection layer with a thickness of about 100 Å, and then H-1-1 is deposited on the hole injection layer with a thickness of about 600 Å to form a first hole transport layer, and then HT33 is deposited with a thickness of about 50 Å to form a second hole transport layer.

[0629] ETH68, the example compound or comparative compound, and AD-41 were co-deposited on the second hole transport layer in a weight ratio of approximately 60:27:13 to form an emitter layer with a thickness of approximately 350 Å. The example compound or comparative compound was used as the hole transport host material, ETH68 was used as the electron transport host material, and AD-41 was used as the phosphorescent dopant.

[0630] ETH2 was deposited on the emitter layer with a thickness of approximately 50 Å, and then ETH2 and Liq were simultaneously deposited at a weight ratio of approximately 1:1 to form an electron transport layer with a thickness of approximately 350 Å. LiF was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer with a thickness of approximately 15 Å, and Al was deposited on the electron injection layer to form a second electrode with a thickness of approximately 80 Å, thereby fabricating a light-emitting element.

[0631] (Manufacturing of the light-emitting element according to Examples 9 and 10)

[0632] The light-emitting elements according to Examples 9 and 10 are manufactured by using a nitrogen-containing compound (Example Compound) as a host material in the emitting layer and a material for the second hole transport layer in the hole transport region.

[0633] It has an Ω / cm layer of approximately 15 Ω. 2The glass substrate (a Corning product) with a (1200 Å) ITO electrode as the first electrode was cut to approximately 50 mm × 50 mm × 0.5 mm in size. Each substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropanol and pure water for approximately five minutes, followed by UV irradiation for approximately 30 minutes and ozone exposure for further cleaning. The glass substrate was then mounted on a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0634] HAT-CN is deposited on the first electrode to form a hole injection layer with a thickness of about 100 Å, and then H-1-1 is deposited on the hole injection layer with a thickness of about 600 Å to form a first hole transport layer, and then the example compound is deposited on the first hole transport layer with a thickness of about 50 Å to form a second hole transport layer.

[0635] ETH68, the example compound, and AD-41 were co-deposited on the second hole transport layer in a weight ratio of approximately 60:27:13 to form an emitter layer with a thickness of approximately 350 Å. The example compound was used as the hole transport host material, ETH68 as the electron transport host material, and AD-41 as the phosphorescent dopant.

[0636] ETH2 was deposited on the emitter layer with a thickness of approximately 50 Å, and then ETH2 and Liq were simultaneously deposited at a weight ratio of approximately 1:1 to form an electron transport layer with a thickness of approximately 350 Å. LiF was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer with a thickness of approximately 15 Å, and Al was deposited on the electron injection layer to form a second electrode with a thickness of approximately 80 Å, thereby fabricating a light-emitting element.

[0637] The compounds used in the manufacture of the light-emitting element are as follows. The example compounds and comparative example compounds used in the manufacture of the light-emitting element are listed in Table 2.

[0638] (Common materials used in the manufacture of light-emitting elements)

[0639]

[0640]

[0641] [Example Compounds]

[0642]

[0643] [Comparative Compounds]

[0644]

[0645] (2) Evaluation of light-emitting element characteristics

[0646] For light-emitting elements manufactured using compounds 1, 25, 31, 61, 114, 165, 189, and 201, as well as comparative examples C-1 to C-7, luminous efficiency and element lifetime were evaluated. The evaluation results of the light-emitting elements according to Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 are listed in Table 2. In the light-emitting elements according to the examples and comparative examples, to evaluate the characteristics of the light-emitting elements, measurements were taken at 10 mA / cm² using a Keithley MU 236 and a luminance meter PR650, respectively. 2 The driving voltage, luminous efficiency (Cd / A / y), and emission color (V) at the given current density were measured. The time taken for the brightness to degrade from its initial value to 97% was measured as part of the device lifetime (T). 97 The evaluation (in hours) is performed, and the results are used as the component lifetime (T). 97 The hours are listed in Table 2.

[0647] [Table 2]

[0648]

[0649] Referring to the results in Table 2, it can be confirmed that, compared with the light-emitting element according to the comparative example, the light-emitting element according to the embodiment using a nitrogen-containing compound according to various aspects of the present disclosure as the material for the light-emitting element has relatively high luminous efficiency, low driving voltage and long element life characteristics.

[0650] Referring to Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7, it can be confirmed that, compared with the light-emitting element according to the comparative examples, the light-emitting element according to the embodiments using a nitrogen-containing compound according to various aspects of the present disclosure as the hole transport host material in the emitter layer has relatively high luminous efficiency, low driving voltage, and long device lifetime characteristics. Referring to Examples 9 and 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7, it can be confirmed that, compared with the light-emitting element according to the comparative examples, the light-emitting element according to the embodiments using a nitrogen-containing compound according to various aspects of the present disclosure as the hole transport host material in the emitter layer and the material for the second hole transport layer in the hole transport region has relatively high luminous efficiency, low driving voltage, and long device lifetime characteristics.

[0651] The example compounds have a structure comprising a heterocyclic core in which one or more carbon atoms of the benzene ring are substituted with nitrogen, and include a first substituent (e.g., bicarbazolyl) and a second substituent (e.g., silyl), which are directly attached to any carbon atom in the heterocyclic core. Therefore, compared to the comparative example compounds, the example compounds can exhibit high T1 energy level characteristics and bipolar characteristics, thereby achieving superior material stability. Because of the relatively superior material stability of the example compounds, compared to light-emitting elements comprising the comparative example compounds, light-emitting elements comprising the example compounds as the host material in the emission layer or as the material of the second hole transport layer for the hole transport region can achieve improved luminous efficiency and longer device lifetime in the short wavelength range (particularly the blue light wavelength range).

[0652] The nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect can exhibit excellent material stability, and the light-emitting element according to one aspect includes the nitrogen-containing compound according to one aspect, thus exhibiting long element life and excellent color reproduction. Furthermore, the display device according to one aspect can exhibit improved display quality by including a light-emitting element with excellent color reproduction, as well as excellent luminous efficiency and element life characteristics.

[0653] According to one aspect, the light-emitting element can exhibit excellent color reproduction and long element life by containing nitrogen-containing compounds according to one aspect.

[0654] According to one aspect, nitrogen-containing compounds can help improve the color purity and lifespan of light-emitting elements.

[0655] One type of electronic device can demonstrate excellent display quality.

[0656] While various aspects of this disclosure have been described to date, it should be understood that this disclosure is not intended to be limited to these aspects, but various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of this disclosure as claimed.

[0657] Therefore, the scope of this disclosure is not intended to be limited to what is set forth in the detailed description of the specification, but is intended to be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A nitrogen-containing compound represented by any one of Formulas 1-1 to 1-4: Equation 1-1 in, In Equation 1-1, R1 to R5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Any one of R1 to R5 is a substituent represented by Equation 2, and At least one of R1 to R5 is a substituent represented by Formula 3; Formula 1-2 In Equation 1-2, R6 to R9 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Any one of R6 to R9 is a substituent represented by Equation 2, and At least one of R6 to R9 is a substituent represented by Formula 3; Formula 1-3 In Equation 1-3, R 10 To R 13 Each of the following is independently represented by a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituent represented by Formula 2, or a substituent represented by Formula 3. R 10 To R 13 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 2, and R 10 To R 13 At least one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 3; Formula 1-4 In Equation 1-4, R 14 To R 16 Each of the following groups is independently composed of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. R 14 To R 16 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 2, and R 14 To R 16 At least one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 3; Formula 2 In Equation 2, X1 to X3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For the part that connects to any of the above equations 1-1 to 1-4; Formula 3 In Equation 3, Any one of Y1 to Y8 is a substituent represented by Equation 4. The remaining Y1 to Y8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For the part connected to any of the above equations 1-1 to 1-4: Formula 4 In Equation 4, X is O, S, or NA9. Any one of A1 to A9 is the part connected to Equation 3 above. The remaining A1 to A9 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. The term "substituted or unsubstituted" means unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, amino, silyl, oxy, thio, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, carbonyl, boron, phosphine oxide, phosphine sulfide, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and heterocyclic.

2. The nitrogen-containing compound according to claim 1, wherein the substituent represented by formula 3 is represented by formula 3-1 or formula 3-2: Equation 3-1 Equation 3-2 in, In equations 3-1 and 3-2, Y 11 and Y 12 Each is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. n1 and n2 are each independent integers selected from 0 to 7. "D" represents a deuterium atom, and In equations 3-1 and 3-2, For any of Equations 1-1 to 1-4.

3. The nitrogen-containing compound according to claim 1, wherein the substituent represented by formula 2 is represented by any one of formulas 2-1 to 2-6: Equation 2-1 Equation 2-2 Equation 2-3 Equation 2-4 Formula 2-5 Formula 2-6 in, In equations 2-1 to 2-6, "D" represents a deuterium atom, and In equations 2-1 to 2-6, For any of Equations 1-1 to 1-4.

4. The nitrogen-containing compound according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound represented by formula 1-1 is represented by any one of formulas 1-1-1 to 1-1-6: Formula 1-1-1 Formula 1-1-2 Formula 1-1-3 Formula 1-1-4 Formula 1-1-5 Formula 1-1-6 in, In equations 1-1-1 to 1-1-6, R x1 To R x18 Each of the following groups is independently composed of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. R z1 To R z18 Each of the following is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. In equation 1-1-1, R y1 To R y8 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 4, and the remaining R y1 To R y8 Each can be independently a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. In equation 1-1-2, R y9 To R y16 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 4, and the remaining R y9 To R y16 Each can be independently a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. In equation 1-1-3, R y17 To R y24 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 4, and the remaining R y17 To R y24 Each can be independently a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. In equation 1-1-4, R y25 To R y32 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 4, and the remaining R y25 To R y32 Each can be independently a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. In equation 1-1-5, R y33 To R y40 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 4, and the remaining R y33 To R y40 Each is independently a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, and In equation 1-1-6, R y41 To R y48 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 4, and the remaining R y41 To R y48 Each can be either a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

5. The nitrogen-containing compound according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound represented by formula 1-2 is represented by any one of the following formulas 1-2-1 to 1-2-4: Formula 1-2-1 Formula 1-2-2 Formula 1-2-3 Formula 1-2-4 in, In equations 1-2-1 to 1-2-4, R a1 To R a12 Each of the following groups is independently composed of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. R c1 To R c8 Each of the following is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. In equation 1-2-1, R b1 To R b8 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 4, and the remaining R b1 To R b8 Each can be independently a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. In equation 1-2-2, R b9 To R b16 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 4, and the remaining R b9 To R b16 Each can be independently a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. In equation 1-2-3, R b17 To R b24 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 4, and the remaining R b17 To R b24 Each is independently a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, and In equation 1-2-4, R b25 To R b32 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 4, and the remaining R b25 To R b32 Each can be either a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

6. The nitrogen-containing compound according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound represented by formulas 1-3 is represented by formula 1-3-1: Formula 1-3-1 in, In Equation 1-3-1, R r1 and R r2 Each of the following groups is independently composed of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. R q1 To R q3 Each is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R w1 To R w8 Any one of them is a substituent represented by Equation 4, and the remaining R w1 To R w8 Each can be either a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

7. The nitrogen-containing compound according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is represented by any one of the compounds in group 1 below: Compound group 1 。 8. A light-emitting element, comprising: First electrode; The second electrode facing the first electrode; as well as At least one functional layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the at least one functional layer comprising a nitrogen-containing compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The light-emitting element according to claim 8, wherein the at least one functional layer comprises: A hole transport region disposed on the first electrode; An emission layer disposed on the hole transmission region; and An electron transmission region is disposed on the emission layer. The hole transport region and the emission layer comprise at least one of the nitrogen-containing compounds according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. The light-emitting element according to claim 9, wherein: The hole transport region includes a hole injection layer disposed on the first electrode and a hole transport layer disposed on the hole injection layer; and The hole transport layer comprises a nitrogen-containing compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

11. The light-emitting element according to claim 10, wherein: The hole transport layer includes a first hole transport layer disposed on the hole injection layer and a second hole transport layer disposed on the first hole transport layer; and The second hole transport layer comprises a nitrogen-containing compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

12. The light-emitting element according to claim 11, wherein the first hole transport layer comprises a compound represented by formula H-1: Formula H-1 in, In equation H-1, L1 and L2 are each independently a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Ar1 and Ar2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Ar3 is an aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted, having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and a and b are each an independent integer selected from 0 to 10.

13. The light-emitting element according to claim 9, wherein: The emitter layer includes a host and a dopant doped into the host; and The main body includes a nitrogen-containing compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

14. The light-emitting element according to claim 13, wherein: The main body further includes a second compound different from the nitrogen-containing compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7; and The second compound is represented by formula ET-1: ET-1 In the above formula ET-1, Z1 to Z3 are all N, L 11 To L 13 Each is independently a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Ar 11 To Ar 13 Each of the following is independently composed of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. c to e are each an independent integer selected from 0 to 10.

Images